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IoT und Smart Home Wie aus Daten Wissen entsteht

Christian Zeh

www.paessler.com All About „Things“

Each THING is uniquely …but is able to interoperate identifiable through its within the existing Internet embedded computing infrastructure. system…

The term "the Internet of Things" was coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble in 1999

www.paessler.com | Slide: 2 50 billion connected devices by 2020 A new essential infrastructure: IoT

The Internet of things (IoT) is the inter-networking of:

and other items embedded with

Electronics physical vehicles, devices buildings Software Sensors

Actuators

and Network Connectivity which enable these objects to collect and exchange data. www.paessler.com 4 Creating Opportunities

The IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world:

resulting in into improved in addition to computer- efficiency, reduced based accuracy and human systems, economic intervention. benefit

www.paessler.com | Slide: 5 Advanced Connectivity beyond M2M

IoT is expected to offer advanced connectivity of devices, systems, and services that goes beyond machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and covers:

a variety of and domains protocols applications

www.paessler.com | Slide: 6 Interconnection

The interconnection of these embedded devices, is expected to usher in automation in nearly all fields, while also enabling advanced applications like a smart grid, and expanding to areas such as smart cities.

www.paessler.com | Slide: 7 Connectivity Options

www.paessler.com Connectivity Options

There exists an almost bewildering choice of connectivity options for electronics engineers and application developers working on products and systems for the Internet of Things (IoT).

www.paessler.com Bluetooth

An important short-range communications technology is of course Bluetooth, which has become very important in computing and many consumer product markets. It is expected to be key for wearable products in particular, again connecting to the IoT probably via a smartphone in many cases.

. Standard: Bluetooth 4.2 core The new Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) – specification Offers similar range to Bluetooth - has . Frequency: 2.4GHz (ISM) . Range: 50-150m (Smart/BLE) been designed to offer significantly . Data Rates: 1Mbps (Smart/BLE) reduced power consumption.

www.paessler.com Wearables

Battery

Visual and/or Audible Notification Core Antenna

Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3 Sensor 4 Sensor 5

www.paessler.com WiFi

WiFi connectivity - often an obvious choice for many developers. Easily cover a wide existing infrastructure as well as offering fast data transfer and the ability to handle high quantities of data.

Most common WiFi standard: 802.11n. Serious throughput in the range of hundreds of megabit per second, which is fine for file transfers.

“Maybe” too power-consuming for many IoT applications.

www.paessler.com WiFi

. Standard: Based on 802.11n (most common usage in homes today) . Frequencies: 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands . Range: Approximately 50m . Data Rates: 600 Mbps maximum, but 150-200Mbps is more typical, depending on channel frequency used and number of antennas (latest 802.11-ac standard should offer 500Mbps to 1Gbps)

www.paessler.com Cellular

IoT applications that requires operation over longer distances can take advantage of GSM/3G/4G cellular communication capabilities In many cases the power consumption will be too high for many applications, but it can be ideal for sensor-based low-bandwidth-data projects.

. Standard: GSM/GPRS/EDGE (2G), UMTS/HSPA (3G), LTE (4G) . Frequencies: 900/1800/1900/2100MHz . Range: 35km max for GSM; 200km max for HSPA . Data Rates (typical download): 35-170kps (GPRS), 120-384kbps (EDGE), 384Kbps-2Mbps (UMTS), 600kbps-10Mbps (HSPA), 3-10Mbps (LTE)

www.paessler.com Zigbee

ZigBee, like Bluetooth, has a large installed base of operation, although perhaps traditionally more in industrial settings.

ZigBee PRO and ZigBee Remote Control (RF4CE), among other available ZigBee profiles, are based on the IEEE802.15.4 protocol, which is an industry-standard wireless networking technology operating at 2.4GHz targeting applications that require relatively infrequent data exchanges at low data-rates over a restricted area and within a 100m range such as in a home or building.

www.paessler.com ZigBee Advantages

ZigBee/RF4CE has some significant advantages: • Low-power operation • High security • Robustness • High scalability with high node

Standard: ZigBee 3.0 based on IEEE802.15.4 Frequency: 2.4GHz Range: 10-100m Data Rates: 250kbps

www.paessler.com Z-Wave

Z-Wave is a low-power communications technology that is primarily designed for home automation for products such as lamp controllers and sensors among many others.

Optimized for reliable and low-latency communication of small data packets with data rates up to 100kbit/s, it operates in the sub-1GHz band and is impervious to interference from WiFi and other wireless technologies in the 2.4-GHz range such as Bluetooth or ZigBee.

www.paessler.com Z-Wave Advantages

It supports full mesh networks without the need for a coordinator node and is very scalable, enabling control of up to 232 devices.

Standard: Z-Wave Alliance ZAD12837 / ITU-T G.9959 Frequency: 900MHz (ISM) Range: 30m Data Rates: 9.6/40/100kbit/s

www.paessler.com NFC

NFC (Near Field Communication) is a technology that enables simple and safe two-way interactions between electronic devices, and especially applicable for smartphones, allowing consumers to perform contactless payment transactions, access digital content and connect electronic devices.

Standard: ISO/IEC 18000-3 Frequency: 13.56MHz (ISM) Range: 10cm Data Rates: 100–420kbps

www.paessler.com LoRaWAN

Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) • Bidirectional, acknowledged • Simple Star Network Topology • Low data rate • Low cost • Long battery life • Long Range

www.paessler.com | Slide: 21 ADR = Adaptive Data Rate

LoRaWAN can auto-magically manage SF for each end-device: • To optimize for fastest data rate versus range • For maximize battery life, and • Achieves maximum network capacity

www.paessler.com | Slide: 22 LoRa – ideal for:

• Internet of Things (IoT) & Machine-to-Machine (M2M) • Industrial Automation • Low Power Applications • Battery Operated Sensors • Smart City, Agriculture, Metering, Street lighting

www.paessler.com | Slide: 23 Choice of Optimization:

Each end-device class has different behavior depending on the choice of optimization: • Battery Powered – Class A • Low Latency – Class B • No Latency – Class C

www.paessler.com | Slide: 24 Battery Powered – Class A

• Bidirectional communications • Unicast messages • Small payloads, long intervals • End-device initiates communication (uplink) • Server communicates with end-device (downlink) during • predetermined response windows

www.paessler.com | Slide: 25 Low Latency – Class B

• Bidirectional with scheduled receive slots • Unicast and Multicast messages • Small payloads, long intervals • Periodic beacon from gateway • Extra receive window (ping slot) • Server can initiate transmission at fixed intervals

www.paessler.com | Slide: 26 No Latency – Class C

• Bidirectional communications • Unicast and Multicast messages • Small payloads • Server can initiate transmission at any time • End-device is constantly receiving

www.paessler.com | Slide: 27 Quick Overview

www.paessler.com | Slide: 28 Popular IoT Protocols

www.paessler.com | Slide: 29 Popular IoT Protocols

. Infrastructure (ex: 6LowPAN, IPv4/IPv6, RPL) . Identification (ex: EPC, uCode, IPv6, URIs) . Comms / Transport (ex: Wifi, Bluetooth, LPWAN) . Discovery (ex: Physical Web, mDNS, DNS-SD) . Data Protocols (ex: MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, Websocket, Node) . Device Management (ex: TR-069, OMA-DM) . Semantic (ex: JSON-LD, Web Thing Model) . Multi-layer Frameworks (ex: Alljoyn, IoTivity, Weave, Homekit)

www.paessler.com Data Protocol | MQTT

MQ Telemetry Transport is an ISO standard publish-subscribe-based "lightweight" messaging protocol for use on top of the TCP/IP protocol. It is designed for connections with remote locations where: • A "small code footprint" is required • Or the network bandwidth is limited. The publish-subscribe messaging pattern requires a message broker. The broker is responsible for distributing messages to interested clients based on the topic of a message.

www.paessler.com MQTT Methods

Connect: Waits for a connection to be established with the server. Disconnect: Waits for the MQTT client to finish any work it must do, and for the TCP/IP session to disconnect.

www.paessler.com MQTT Methods

Subscribe Waits for completion of the Subscribe or UnSubscribe method. UnSubscribe Requests the server unsubscribe the client from one or more topics. Publish Returns immediately to the application thread after passing the request to the MQTT client.

www.paessler.com MQTT - Subscribe

Client C For example, imagine a simple network Subscribe “temperature“ with three clients and a central broker.

All three clients open TCP connections Broker with the broker.

Subscribe “temperature“ Clients B and C subscribe to the topic temperature Client A Client B

www.paessler.com MQTT - Publish

Client C At a later time, Client A publishes a value of “temperature“ 22.5 for topic temperature . The broker =“22.5“ forwards the message to all subscribed clients. Broker The publisher subscriber model allows MQTT: • one-to-one (clients to communicate) • one-to-many Client A Client B • many-to-one

www.paessler.com Simply DIY with IFTTT

IFTTT is a free web-based service that allows users to create chains of simple conditional statements, called "applets", which are triggered based on changes to other web services such as Gmail, Facebook, Instagram, and Pinterest.

www.paessler.com Smart Home

Modern systems generally consist of switches and sensors connected to a central hub sometimes called a "gateway" from which the system is controlled with a user interface that is interacted either with:

• A wall-mounted terminal • A mobile phone software • A tablet computer or a web interface • Often but not always via internet cloud services

www.paessler.com Smart Home

Home automation or smart home is the residential extension of building automation and involves the control and automation:

o Lighting o Home appliances: o Heating (smart thermostats) o Washers o Ventilation o Dryers o Air conditioning (HVAC) o Ovens o Security o Refrigerators/Freezers

www.paessler.com Compatibility

“There are many competing vendors, there are very few world-wide accepted industry standards and the smart home space is heavily fragmented”

Popular communications protocol for products include X10, Ethernet, RS-485, 6LoWPAN, Bluetooth LE (BLE), ZigBee and Z-Wave, or other proprietary protocols.

www.paessler.com If you want a thing done well, do it yourself.

Napoleon Micro Controller vs Microcomputer

Arduino YUN MCUs Raspberry Pi Beaglebone Intel Edison

Micro Controller Microcomputer

www.paessler.com Espressif and Gartner

Espressif named “Cool Vendor” in IoT 2016 by Gartner

Espressif is cool for two small reasons: low cost, and a complete Wi-Fi enabled controller on a board about the size of a postage stamp.

Espressif Systems, a fabless IC design company providing low power Wi- Fi and Bluetooth technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, has been named a "Cool Vendor" based on a report titled "Cool Vendors in IoT Thingification 2016" by Gartner.

www.paessler.com i2c USB-TTL-Serial ADC PWM

SPI Rx PWM Tx

Soft AP and Captive Portal

www.paessler.com Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in environmental protection by monitoring:

movements atmospheric air or water of wildlife or soil quality and their conditions habitats

www.paessler.com | Slide: 50 Sensors and Switches

Door locks Lux

Smart HUB Thermostat

Gateway Light Temp switch

PIR

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PRTG Weatherprobe

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Operation Mode

Deep sleep Sleep Sensing Light [lux] with PRTG