Paleo‐ deposits in the Strait: Processes, examples, and conceptual model

Shahin E. Dashtgard, Ludvig Löwemark, Romain Vaucher, Yuyen Pan, Jessica Pilarcyzk, and Sebastien Castelltort

Supplementary Data File

Part A: Summary of all tropical cyclones that impacted Taiwan between 1982 and 2017

Summary of Typhoons in Taiwan 1982 to 2017 ** The number of events refers to how many times each storm was counted. For example, if a storm cross Taiwan through the central area and then the northern area (Fig. 2) it would be counted twice. Storms for which the eye was more than 50 km from the shoreline are only counted once based on the closest point of the eye to the shoreline. If the closest point is in the south, then the event is assigned to the south region (Fig. 7). OL = overland CE = central‐east TD = tropical Depression N = north CW = central‐west TS = Tropical Storm NE = northeast S = south TY = typhoon NW = northwest SE = southeast STY = super‐typhoon Acronyms C = central SW = southwest No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin (km) area 1TS 06W 1982 ‐ TESS 1982‐06‐28 TS TD 158 SW 1 2TS 08W 1982 ‐ VAL 1982‐07‐04 TS TS 154 NE 1 3TY 10W 1982 ‐ ANDY 1982‐07‐21 TY4 TY2 0 OL ‐ S1 4TY 12W 1982 ‐ CECIL 1982‐08‐04 TY4 TY3 152 NE 1 5TY 13W 1982 ‐ DOT 1982‐08‐08 TY1 TS 0 OL ‐ S1 6TY 15W 1982 ‐ FAYE 1982‐08‐20 TY2 TD 39 S 1 7 1983 STY 04W 1983 ‐ WAYNE 1983‐07‐20 STY4/5 TY2/3 80 S 1 8TS 02W 1984 ‐ WYNNE 1984‐06‐18 TS TS 0 OL ‐ S1 9TY 03W 1984 ‐ ALEX 1984‐07‐01 TY1 TY1 0 OL ‐ CE to N2 101984 TS 08W 1984 ‐ FREDA 1984‐08‐04 TS TS 0 OL ‐ N1 11 TY 07W 1985 ‐ JEFF 1985‐07‐21 TY1 TY1 196 NE 1 12 TY 10W 1985 ‐ MAMIE 1985‐08‐15 TS TD 240 E off NE 1 13 TY 11W 1985 ‐ NELSON 1985‐08‐16 TY2/3 TY2 26 N 1 141985 TS 17W 1985 ‐ VAL 1985‐09‐13 TS TS 57 S 1 15 TY 20W 1985 ‐ BRENDA 1985‐09‐29 TY2 TY2 66 E off NE 1 16 TS 04W 1986 ‐ MAC 1986‐05‐22 TS TS 91 E off SE 1 17 TY 05W 1986 ‐ NANCY 1986‐06‐21 TY1 TY1 0 OL ‐ CE to NE 2

181986 TY 13W 1986 ‐ WAYNE 1986‐08‐16 TY2 TS 0 OL ‐ NE 1 19 TY 15W 1986 ‐ ABBY 1986‐09‐19 TY2/3 TY2/1 0 OL ‐ CE to N2 20 TY 06W 1987 ‐ VERNON 1987‐07‐21 TY1 TS 0 OL ‐ NE 1 21 TY 08W 1987 ‐ ALEX 1987‐07‐21 TY1 TS 0 OL ‐ NE 1 221987 TY 14W 1987 ‐ GERALD 1987‐09‐04 1982 TY3 TY2 29 S to SW 1 No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin area 23 TY 02W 1988 ‐ SUSAN 1988‐05‐29 TY1 TY1 0 OL ‐ S1

241988 TD 03W 1988 ‐ NONAME 1988‐06‐04 TD TD 17 S 1 25 TD 12W 1989 ‐ NONAME 1989‐07‐27 TD TD 0 OL ‐ N1 26 TD 19W 1989 ‐ NONAME 1989‐08‐16 TD TD 182 N 1 27 TS 20W 1989 ‐ ROGER 1989‐08‐22 TS TD 84 N to NE 1

1989 TY2 0 OL ‐ SE 1 28 TY 22W 1989 ‐ SARAH 1989‐09‐03 TY4 TS 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 29 TY 25W 1989 ‐ WAYNE 1989‐09‐16 TY1 TD 242 CE 1 30 TY 03W 1990 ‐ MARIAN 1990‐05‐09 TY2 TS/TD 0 OL ‐ SW to CE 2 31 TY 06W 1990 ‐ FOELIA 1990‐06‐15 TY2 TY2/1 0 OL ‐ CE to NW 2 32 TY 07W 1990 ‐ PERCY 1990‐06‐20 TY4 TY1/2 237 SW 1 33 TS 08W 1990 ‐ ROBYN 1990‐06‐29 TS TS 150 E to NE 1 34 TS 10W 1990 ‐ TASHA 1990‐07‐22 TS TD 166 S 1 351990 TY 13W 1990 ‐ YANCY 1990‐08‐09 TY2 TY2 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 36 TY 15W 1990 ‐ ABE 1990‐08‐22 TY2 TY2 187 NE to N1 37 TY 17W 1990 ‐ DOT 1990‐09‐02 TY1 TY1 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1 38 TS 18W 1990 ‐ CECIL 1990‐09‐02 TS TD 18 NE to N1 39 TY 05W 1991 ‐ YUNYA 1991‐06‐11 TY3 TD 14 S to SE 1 40 TY 07W 1991 ‐ AMY 1991‐07‐12 TY4 TY4 44 S to SW 1 41 TY 11W 1991 ‐ ELLIE 1991‐08‐08 TY2 TS 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 421991 TY 22W 1991 ‐ NAT 1991‐09‐15 TY3 TY3 0 OL ‐ S1 43 STY 25W 1991 ‐ RUTH 1991‐10‐16 STY5 TD 149 SE 1 44 TS 13W 1992 ‐ MARK 1992‐08‐13 TS TS 223 SW 1 45 STY 15W 1992 ‐ OMAR 1992‐08‐20 STY4 TS 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1

461992 TS 16W 1992 ‐ POLLY 1992‐08‐23 TS TS/TD 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 47 TY 19W 1992 ‐ TED 1992‐09‐14 TY1 TS 0 OL ‐ CE to NW 2 48 1993 TY 21W 1993 ‐ ABE 1993‐09‐07 TY3 TY2/3 100 S to SW 1 49 TY 08W 1994 ‐ TIM 1994‐07‐05 TY4 TY4/3 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1 50 TS 09W 1994 ‐ VANESSA 1994‐07‐08 TS TD 102 S 1

511994 TS 16W 1994 ‐ CAITLIN 1994‐07‐29 TS TS 0 OL ‐ SCE to SCW 1 52 STY 17W 1994 ‐ DOUG 1994‐07‐30 STY5 TY4 21 NE 1 No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin area 53 STY 19W 1994 ‐ FRED 1994‐08‐12 STY4 TY4 168 NE 1 54 TY 20W 1994 ‐ GLADYS 1994‐08‐19 TY3 TY3 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 55 TY 32W 1994 ‐ SETH 1994‐09‐30 TY4 TY3 97 NE 1 56 TS 03W 1995 ‐ DEANNA 1995‐05‐28 TS TS 0 OL ‐ SCW to NE 2 57 TS 10W 1995 ‐ JANIS 1995‐08‐17 TS TS 194 NE 1 58 TD 11W 1995 ‐ NONAME 1995‐08‐21 TD TD 232 E off NE 1 59 STY 12W 1995 ‐ KENT 1995‐08‐24 STY4 TY4 126 S to SW 1 60 STY 19W 1995 ‐ RYAN 1995‐09‐14 STY4 STY4 35 S to SE 1 61 TS 05W 1996 ‐ CAM 1996‐05‐16 TS TS 180 S 1 62 TY 09W 1996 ‐ GLORIA 1996‐07‐19 TY2 TY2 0 OL ‐ S to SCW 1

631996 STY 10W 1996 ‐ HERB 1996‐07‐21 STY5 TY4/1 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 64 TS 14W 1996 ‐ LISA 1996‐08‐04 TS TD 224 CW 1 65 TY 18W 1997 ‐ AMBER 1997‐08‐19 TY3 TY2 0 OL ‐ CE to NW 2

661997 TS 20W 1997 ‐ CASS 1997‐08‐26 TS TS 140 SW 1 67 TD 01W 1998 ‐ NONAME 1998‐07‐06 TD TD 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 68 TS 02W 1998 ‐ NICOLE 1998‐07‐07 TS TS 0 OL ‐ SW 1 69 TY 04W 1998 ‐ OTTO 1998‐08‐01 TY3 TY1 0 OL ‐ SCE to NCW 1 70 TD 07W 1998 ‐ NONAME 1998‐08‐31 TD TD 112 CE 1

711998 TY 14W 1998 ‐ YANNI 1998‐09‐24 1994 TY1/2 TY /1 70 CE 1 72 TD 16W 1998 ‐ NONAME 1998‐10‐04 TD TD 60 NE 1 73 STY 18W 1998 ‐ ZEB 1998‐10‐07 STY5 TY1/2 18 SE to NE 3 74 STY 20W 1998 ‐ BABS 1998‐10‐11 STY4/5 TD 159 CW 1 75 TY 06W 1999 ‐ MAGGIE 1999‐05‐30 TY3 TY2 59 S to SW 1 76 TS 13W 1999 ‐ RACHEL 1999‐08‐05 TS TD 0 OL ‐ CW to NE 2

771999 TS 20W 1999 ‐ WENDY 1999‐08‐29 TS TS 212 S 1 78 TY 26W 1999 ‐ DAN 1999‐10‐01 TY3 TY2 197 SW 1 79 TY 06W 2000 ‐ KAL‐TAK 2000‐07‐03 TY1 TY1 / TS 24 / 0SE & OL ‐ CE to N3 80 STY 18W 2000 ‐ BILIS 2000‐08‐17 STY5 STY4/5 0 OL ‐ SCE to CW 1 81 TS 24W 2000 ‐ BOPHA 2000‐09‐05 TS TS 153 CE 1 822000 TY 29W 2000 ‐ YAGI 2000‐10‐21 TY3 1995 TD 125 NE 1 83 TY 30W 2000 ‐ XANGSANE 2000‐10‐25 TY2 TY2/1 13 SE to NE 3 84 2001 TS 03W 2001 ‐ CIMARON 2001‐05‐13 TS TS 132 SE 1 No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin area 85 TY 04W 2001 ‐ CHEBI 2001‐06‐23 TY3 TY3 86 SW 1 86 TS 07W 2001 ‐ TRAMI 2001‐07‐07 TS TD 0 OL ‐ SCE to CW 1 87 TY 11W 2001 ‐ TORAJI 2001‐07‐25 TY3 TY2/3 0 OL ‐ CE to NW 2 88 TY 20W 2001 ‐ NARI 2001‐09‐05 TY3 TY1 / TS 0OL ‐ NE to SW 3 89 TY 23W 2001 ‐ LEKIMA 2001‐09‐21 TY2/3 TY1 / TS 0OL ‐ S to CW 2 90 TD 06W 2002 ‐ NONAME 2002‐05‐26 TD TD 0 OL ‐ SCW 1 91 TY 07W 2002 ‐ NOGURI 2002‐06‐03 TY2 TS/TD 135 S 1 92 TS 11W 2002 ‐ NAKRI 2002‐07‐08 TS TS/TD 0 OL ‐ NW to NE 1 93 STY 02W 2003 ‐ KUJIRA 2003‐04‐08 STY4/5 TS/TD 181 CE 1 94 TS 06W 2003 ‐ NANGKA 2003‐05‐31 TS TS 97 S 1 95 TY 07W 2003 ‐ SOUDELOR 2003‐06‐07 TY4 TY3 189 CE 1 96 TY 10W 2003 ‐ MORAKOT 2003‐07‐30 TY1 TY1/TS 0 OL ‐ SE to SW 1 972003 TS 13W 2003 ‐ VAMCO 2003‐08‐18 TS TS 67 NE to N1 98 TY 14W 2003 ‐ DUJUAN 2003‐09‐01 TY4 TY4 51 SE to SW 1 99 TY 24W 2003 ‐ MELOR 2003‐10‐28 TY1 TS 30 SE 1 100 TY 07W 2004 ‐ CONSON 2004‐06‐04 TY2 TY2 93 S to SCE 1 101 TY 10W 2004 ‐ MINDULLE 2004‐06‐21 TY4 TS 0 OL ‐ NCE to NW 2 102 TS 12W 2004 ‐ KOMPASU 2004‐07‐12 TS TS 167 S 1 103 TY 16W 2004 ‐ MALOU 2004‐08‐07 TY2 TY2 224 NE 1

1042004 TY 20W 2004 ‐ AERE 2004‐08‐25 TY2 TY2 35 NE to NW 1 105 TS 24W 2004 ‐ HAIMA 2004‐09‐10 TS TD 0 OL ‐ SW to CE 2 106 TY 28W 2004 ‐ NOCK‐TEN 2004‐10‐13 TY3 TY3 2 NE 1 107 STY 30W 2004 ‐ NANMADOL 2004‐11‐28 STY4 TS 20 SW 1 108 STY 05W 2005 ‐ HAITANG 2005‐07‐19 STY5 TY2 0 OL ‐ CE to NCW 1 109 TY 09W 2005 ‐ MATSA 2005‐07‐29 TY2 TY2 165 NE 1 110 TY 10W 2005 ‐ SANVU 2005‐08‐09 TY1 TS 225 SE 1

1112005 STY 13W 2005 ‐ TALIM 2005‐08‐24 STY4 2001 TY2/3 0 OL ‐ NCE to NCW 1 112 TY 15W 2005 ‐ KHANUN 2005‐09‐05 TY4 TY4 195 NE 1 113 TY 19W 2005 ‐ LONGWANG 2005‐09‐25 TY4 TY2/3 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1 114 TY 02W 2006 ‐ CHANCHU 2006‐05‐07 TY4 TS 221 CW 1 115 TS 05W 2006 ‐ BILIS 2006‐07‐07 TS TS 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 1162006 TY 06W 2006 ‐ KAEMI 2006‐07‐17 TY1 2002 TS 0 OL ‐ SCE to SCW 1 No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin area 117 STY 08W 2006 ‐ SAOMAI 2006‐08‐04 STY5 STY5 150 NE to N1 118 TS 10W 2006 ‐ BOPHA 2006‐08‐05 TS TS 0 OL ‐ SW to SCE 2 1192006 TY 14W 2006 ‐ SHANSHAN 2006‐09‐09 TY4 TY4 205 CE 1 120 TY 07W 2007 ‐ PABUK 2007‐08‐04 TY1 TY1 0 OL ‐ S1 121 TD 08W 2007 ‐ WUTIP 2007‐08‐06 TD TD 26 CE 1 122 STY 09W 2007 ‐ SEPAT 2007‐08‐11 STY5 TY3 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1 1232007 STY 13W 2007 ‐ WIPHA 2007‐09‐14 STY4/5 TY4 77 NE to N1 124 STY 17W 2007 ‐ KROSA 2007‐10‐01 STY4 TY3 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 125 TY 08W 2008 ‐ KALMAEGI 2008‐07‐11 TY2 TY2/1 0 OL ‐ NCE to NW 2 126 TY 09W 2008 ‐ FUNG‐WONG 2008‐07‐23 TY2/3 TY2 0 OL ‐ CE to CW 1 127 TS 11W 2008 ‐ NONAME 2008‐08‐11 TD TD 65 CE 1 1282008 TY 15W 2008 ‐ SINLAKU 2008‐09‐07 TY4 TY2/3 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 129 STY 19W 2008 ‐ JANGMI 2008‐09‐23 STY5 TY2/3 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 130 TY 03W 2009 ‐ LINFA 2009‐06‐13 TY1 TS 167 CW 1 131 TD 06W 2009 ‐ SIX 2009‐07‐11 TD TD 0 OL ‐ SE to SW 1

1322009 TY 07W 2009 ‐ MOLAVE 2009‐07‐15 TY1 TS 117 S 1 133 TY 09W 2009 ‐ MORAKOT 2009‐08‐03 TY1 TS 0 OL ‐ NCE to NCW 1 134 TS 07W 2010 ‐ LIONROCK 2010‐08‐26 TS TS 82 SW 1 135 TS 09W 2010 ‐ NAMTHEUN 2010‐08‐29 TS TS 36 N to NW 1 TD 58 S 1 136 TY 11W 2010 ‐ MERANTI 2010‐09‐06 TY1

2010 TY1 101 CW 1 137 TY 12W 2010 ‐ FANAPI 2010‐09‐13 TY3 TY3/1 0 OL ‐ CE to SCW 1 138 STY 15W 2010 ‐ MEGI 2010‐10‐11 STY5 TY2 202 SW 1 139 2011 STY 14W 2011 ‐ NANMADOL 2011‐08‐22 STY5 TY1/TS 0 OL ‐ S to SW 1 140 TS 06W 2012 ‐ TALIM 2012‐06‐17 TS TS 31 CW to NW 2 TY2 0 OL ‐ NCE 1 141 TY 10W 2012 ‐ SAOLA 2012‐07‐27 TY2

2012 TS 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 142 TY 15W 2012 ‐ TEMBIN 2012‐08‐18 TY4 TY2 0 OL ‐ S1 143 TY 07W 2013 ‐ SOULIK 2013‐07‐06 TY4 TY1 0 OL ‐ NE to NCW 1 144 TY 12W 2013 ‐ TRAMI 2013‐08‐16 TY1 TY1 54 N 1

1452013 TS 14W 2013 ‐ KONG‐REY 2013‐08‐25 TS TS 56 NE 1 146 TS 15W 2013 ‐ TORAJI 2013‐08‐31 TS TS 0 OL ‐ NE 1 No. Typhoon Name Start Date Strongest Level of Typhoon Closest Distance Posistion Relative Number of level of at closest point / to eye to Taiwan to Taiwan events by Year Typhoon landfall Margin area 147 STY 17W 2013 ‐ USAGI 2013‐09‐16 STY4/5 TY1 116 S to SW 1

148 2013 TY 22W 2013 ‐ FITOW 2013‐09‐29 TY2 TY1 147 NE 1 149 TS 07W 2014 ‐ HAGIBIS 2014‐06‐16 TS TS/TD 222 NW 1 150 TY 10W 2014 ‐ MATMO 2014‐07‐22 TY2 TY1 0 OL ‐ SCE to CW 1 151 TS 16W 2014 ‐ FUNG‐WONG 2014‐09‐17 TS TS 0 & 20 OL ‐ S + NE & CE 3 152 ST 06W 2015 ‐ NOUL 2015‐05‐02 STY5 TY2 157 CE 1 153 TY 10W 2015 ‐ LINFA 2015‐07‐02 TY1 TY1 190 SW 1 154 ST 13W 2015 ‐ SOUDELOR 2015‐07‐30 STY5 TY2/3 to TY1 0 OL ‐ NCE to CW 1 1552015 TY 16W 2015 ‐ GONI 2015‐08‐13 TY4 TY2 191 CE 1 156 ST 21W 2015 ‐ DUJUAN 2015‐09‐20 STY4 TY4/3 0 NE to CW 2 157 ST 02W (NEPARTAK) 2016‐07‐03 STY5 TY3/1 0 OL ‐ SE to SCW 2 158 ST 16W (MERANTI) 2016‐09‐08 STY5 TY4 38 SW 1 159 TY 18W (MALAKAS) 2016‐09‐11 TY4 TY3 76 NE 1 160 2016 TY 20W (MEGI) 2016‐09‐22 TY4 TY3/1 0 OL ‐ NCE to CW 1 161 TS 22W (AERE) 2016‐10‐05 TS TS/TD 153 S and SW 1 162 TD 02W (TWO) 2017‐04‐16 TD TD 104 S to SE 1 163 TS 10W (ROKE) 2017‐07‐21 TS TD 146 S 1 164 TY 11W (NESAT) 2017‐07‐25 TY2 TY1 0 OL ‐ NE to NW 1 1652017 TS 12W (HAITANG) 2017 2014 ‐07‐28 TS TS 0 OL ‐ SW to CW 2 166 TD 19W (GUCHOL) 2017‐09‐03 TD TD 93 CW 1 198

Part B: Summary of all tropical cyclones for which the eye of the storm crossed over Taiwan or passed within 50 km of the shoreline

** Summary of events by year and by region (south, central, north; Fig. 2) for all storms that crossed Taiwan or where the eye was within 50 km of the shoreline. There maximum storm strength within each region is recorded. Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Southern Taiwan Central Taiwan Northern Taiwan Overland to 50 km Overland to 50 km Overland to 50 km YearMaximum Storm Strength YearMaximum Storm Strength Year Maximum Storm Strength TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 1982 2 1 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1984 1 1984 1 1984 1 1 1985 1985 1985 1 1986 1986 2 1986 1 2 1987 1 1987 1987 2 1988 1 1 1988 1988 1989 1 1989 1989 2 1990 1 1990 1 2 1990 1 2 1991 1 1 1 1991 1991 1 1992 1992 2 1992 2 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1 1 1994 1 1 1995 1 1995 1 1995 1 1996 1 1996 1996 1 1997 1997 1 1997 1 1998 1 1 1998 2 1998 1 1 1999 1999 1 1999 1 2000 2 2000 1 1 1 2000 1 1 2001 1 1 2001 3 1 2001 2 2002 1 2002 2002 1 2003 1 1 2003 2003 2004 2 2004 2 2004 1 2 2005 2005 3 2005 2006 1 2006 2 2006 1 2007 1 2007 1 1 2007 1 2008 2008 2 2008 3 2009 1 2009 1 2009 2010 2010 1 2010 1 2011 1 2011 2011 2012 1 2012 1 1 2012 2 2013 2013 2013 1 1 2014 1 2014 1 1 2014 1 2015 2015 2 2015 1 2016 1 1 2016 2 2016 2017 1 2017 1 2017 1 Total 16 15 3 19 23 2 22 20 3

Part C: Summary of all tropical cyclones for which the eye of the storm passed within 50 and 250 km of Taiwan

** Summary of events by year and by region (south, central, north; Fig. 2) for all storms for which the eye passed between 50 and 250 km from the shoreline. Each storm is only counted once (at its closest point to Taiwan's coastline, and the maximum storm strength of the storm at that point is recorded. Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Typhoon Summary Statistics ‐ Southern Taiwan Central Taiwan Northern Taiwan 50 to 250 km offshore 50 to 250 km offshore 50 to 250 km offshore YearMaximum Storm Strength Year Maximum Storm Strength Year Maximum Storm Strength TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 TD/TS TY 1 to 3TY 4 to 5 1982 1 1982 1982 1 1 1983 1 1983 1983 1984 1984 1984 1985 1 1985 1985 1 2 1986 1 1986 1986 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1 1989 2 1990 1 1 1990 1 1990 1 1991 1 1991 1991 1992 1 1992 1992 1993 1 1993 1993 1994 1 1994 1994 1 1 1995 1 1995 1995 2 1996 1 1996 1 1996 1997 1 1997 1997 1998 1998 2 1 1998 1 1999 1 2 1999 1999 2000 2000 1 2000 1 2001 1 1 2001 2001 2002 1 2002 2002 2003 1 1 2003 1 1 2003 1 2004 1 1 2004 2004 1 2005 1 2005 2005 1 1 2006 2006 1 1 2006 1 2007 2007 2007 1 2008 2008 1 2008 2009 1 2009 1 2009 2010 2 1 2010 1 2010 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 2013 1 2013 2013 1 2 2014 2014 2014 1 2015 1 2015 2 2015 2016 1 2016 2016 1 2017 2 2017 1 2017 Total 21 10 2 11 5 1 11 10 4

Part D: Summary of precipitation, river discharge, and wave data during Super‐ (2005) and Typhoon Matsa (2005)

Super‐typhoon Haitang (2005) and Typhoon Matsa (2005) Summary Data Station No. Latitude Longitude Basin Tributary Station Comments 1400H015 24.38458˚ N 120.96609 ˚E Da'an River Da'an River Hsiang‐Pi 437.58 km2 drainage area C1E500 24.3071˚ N 120.8112 ˚E Da'an River Da'an River Jhuolan 46757B 24.76˚ N 120.8436 ˚E Taiwan Strait Hsinchu Buoy 6 km offshore, 25 m water depth.

** Wave directions are the direction waves approach from. Hsiang ‐Pi StationJhuolan Hsinchu Buoy Station All Waves Biggest wave Longest Period Mean Man Most common Max. Max. Wave height Daily Max. Wave Date Discharge Max Discharge significant wave wave Wave Wave at Max. Precipitation direction wave height period direction Height Period Period m3 s‐1 m3 s‐1 mm m s m s degrees m 2005‐07‐10 46.6 0 0.65 3.7 W 0.85 4.1 270 0.57 2005‐07‐11 45.52 0 0.65 3.6 W 1.01 3.8 157 0.84 2005‐07‐12 44.89 0 0.66 3.6 W 1.02 4.1 270 0.56 2005‐07‐13 44.69 0 0.65 3.6 W 0.89 4 247 0.73 2005‐07‐14 44.59 0 0.35 3.8 W 0.46 4.1 258 0.29 2005‐07‐15 43.69 0 0.35 3.8 NW 0.46 3.8 337 0.29 2005‐07‐16 43.13 0 0.52 3.9 N 1.05 3.7 22 0.26 2005‐07‐17 44.64 16 0.92 4 N 2.32 8.7 11 0.93 2005‐07‐18 183.2 142.5 2.42 6 N 3.47 10.4 213 1.72 2005‐07‐19 218.37 200.5 1.49 5.7 SW 2.06 8 270 1.76 2005‐07‐20 178.9 21 0.88 4.5 SW 1.14 6.1 270 0.88 2005‐07‐21 132.3 7.5 0.64 4.8 W 0.97 3.2 247 0.58 2005‐07‐22 149.4 15.5 0.46 5.5 W 0.65 4.7 236 0.41 2005‐07‐23 163.48 0 0.33 5 W 0.48 3.2 11 0.3 2005‐07‐24 147.52 0 0.33 4.2 N 0.61 4.7 22 0.26 2005‐07‐25 131.05 0 0.29 4.1 N 0.44 3.2 11 0.25 2005‐07‐26 123.18 0 0.26 5 W 0.34 6.5 303 0.23 2005‐07‐27 119.54 0 0.28 4.2 W 0.37 2.8 303 0.29 2005‐07‐28 104.99 0 0.22 5 N 0.23 15.1 270 0.23 ** Wave directions are the direction waves approach from. Hsinchu Buoy Longest Period All Waves Max. Max. Period Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Date Wave Wave Waves <0.6 Waves 0.6 ‐ Waves 1.5 ‐ Waves >2.5 Period direction m [2.5 Period direction m [

Part E: Summary of precipitation, river discharge, and wave data during (2009)

Typhoon Morakot (2009) Summary Data Station No. Latitude Longitude Basin Tributary Station Comments 1400H015 24.38458˚ N 120.96609 ˚E Da'an River Da'an River Hsiang‐Pi 437.58 km2 drainage area C1E500 24.3071˚ N 120.8112 ˚E Da'an River Da'an River Jhuolan 46757B 24.76˚ N 120.8436 ˚E Taiwan Strait Hsinchu Buoy 6 km offshore, 25 m water depth

** Wave directions are the direction waves approach from. Hsiang ‐Pi Station Jhuolan Hsinchu Buoy Station All Waves Biggest wave Mean Man Mean Most common Max. Max. Max Daily Max. Wave Date Discharge significant wave Maximum wave Wave Wave Discharge Precipitation direction wave height period wave period direction Height Period m3 s‐1 m3 s‐1 mm m s s m s degrees 2009‐07‐29 1.58 0 0.29 4.1 6 W 0.34 3.9 281 2009‐07‐30 1.55 0 0.27 4.3 6.8 NW 0.34 3.6 22 2009‐07‐31 0 0.35 4.1 6.2 NW 0.55 4.4 0 2009‐08‐01 1.54 0 0.54 4.2 5.2 N 1.45 4.7 348 2009‐08‐02 1.55 0 0.45 4.4 6 NW 0.7 4.7 337 2009‐08‐03 1.56 13 0.37 4.3 5.9 NW 0.45 4.6 337 2009‐08‐04 1.57 73.5 0.32 5.2 8.9 SW 0.45 6.1 315 2009‐08‐05 1.59 39.5 0.52 6.2 10.3 SW 0.64 7.2 292 2009‐08‐06 11.09 140.5 0.79 5.1 7.8 NW 1.66 4.9 348 2009‐08‐07 363.21 86.5 2.46 5.5 9.5 N 2.98 5.8 348 2009‐08‐08 219.06 29.5 1.39 6.1 10.1 N 2.26 5.7 0 2009‐08‐09 807.42 402 2.34 5.7 10 SW 4.02 7 247 2009‐08‐10 1253.37 1727 @ 01:00 47 1.29 4.5 7.4 W 1.75 5.1 247 2009‐08‐11 248.56 5 0.96 4.1 6 SW 1.25 4 247 2009‐08‐12 116.43 13.5 0.67 4.2 6.7 W 0.96 3.9 258 2009‐08‐13 82.85 3.5 0.43 4.3 6.3 W 0.59 3.5 270 2009‐08‐14 58.61 0 0.33 4.3 7.3 W 0.42 4.3 247 2009‐08‐15 47.8 0 0.26 3.9 6.4 W 0.33 4 270 2009‐08‐16 37.35 1.5 0.26 4.2 5.5 NW 0.33 4.4 303 ** Wave directions are the direction waves approach from. Hsinchu Buoy Longest Period Longest Period All Waves Wave height Max. Max. Period Percent of Percent of Percent of Percent of Date at Max. Wave Wave Waves <0.6 Waves 0.6 ‐ Waves 1.5 ‐ Waves >2.5 Period Period direction m [2.5 Period Period direction m [