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THE BULLETIN Number 66 March 1976

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THE BULLETIN Number 66 March 1976 THE BULLETIN Number 66 March 1976 CONTENTS Two Petroglyphs Sites - The Indian Rock Petroglyphs: Fact or Forgery Edward J. Lenik 1 The Jericho, N.Y. Petroglyph Edward J. Lenik 3 The Divers Lake Quarry Site - Genesee County, New York Betty Coit Prisch 8 The Massapequa Lake Blade Cache Daniel H. Kaplan and Herbert C. Mills 18 Marian, An Appreciation 31 The Hamburg Site (Ct129) 33 No. 66, March 1976 1 TWO PETROGLYPH SITES 1. THE INDIAN ROCK PETROGLYPHS: Fact or Forgery Edward J. Lenik New Jersey The location of the Indian Rock Petroglyph Site of Bloomingburg, New York, has been generally known for well over 40 years. During this period of time, many groups of visitors have hiked to the site to gaze in wonder at the so-called aboriginal rock carvings. Every visitor to this Orange County landmark has undoubtedly heard the story that the carvings of "braves", horses, tepees, and other symbols are the work of Indians who attempted to record an important tribal event. According to a 1928 newspaper article which appeared in the Times Herald of Middletown, New York, the petroglyph site was originally discovered in 1925 by a Charles Clapham of Bloomingburg and then was lost. (Weisshaar 1928) It was "refound" in 1927 by Edmund and Joseph Lloyd, also of Bloomingburg, New York. The article goes on to say that the site was investigated in 1928 by the Lloyd brothers, Dr. E. A. Bates of Cornell University and Chief Goa-Hia-tha of the Onandaga tribe. The Times Herald article reports that both Dr. Bates and Chief Goa-Hia-tha believed that the carvings were genuine and were the work of the Delaware tribe which probably carved them in the 1660's or 1670's. The article further notes that the "Pictographs . aroused consider able controversy among historians and students of aboriginal America". Several authorities apparently stated that the Indians in this area did not use spears or live in tepees, but these objections were discarded by Dr. Bates. Bates reportedly believed that the Indians had spears and bows, and used tepees on hunting and fishing trips. Several interpretations of the symbols by Dr. Bates and Chief Goa-Hia-tha are also reported in the article. The Indian Rock Petroglyph site was first brought to my attention in 1973 by Dr. Elizabeth Dumont of Monroe, New York. The exciting story of the symbols and legends prompted me to make two visits to the Indian Rock site for the purpose of studying and recording the petroglyphs. The Indian Rock Petroglyph Site is located near the village of Bloomingburg, in Orange County, New York. Specifically, the site lies a short distance east of Stone Schoolhouse Road, exactly 3 miles north of Route 17K in the town of Crawford, New York. The symbols are carved into a flat outcropping of granitic bedrock measuring 12 ft. long north to south by 9 ft. wide from east to west. The land surrounding the petroglyph is heavily wooded and slopes gently from east to west. The remains of several "Yankee" stone walls are also visible nearby, the remnants of farming activity and property lines of an earlier day. A short distance below the site, the ground is wet and swampy, and may have contained a fresh water spring at some time in the past. The Shawangunk Kill lies some 800 ft. northwest of the site. A total of 28 symbols or designs were found and recorded on this 12 x 9 ft. granite ledge. The designs have been car efully cut or incised into the rock and are easily recognizable. (See Cover) The symbols represent the sun, moon, tepees, horses, a thunderbird, bear and other animals. Human figures are also represented on the stone in the form of braves wearing headdresses and carrying bows, a hunter with a spear, a running figure, a woman with a papoose on her back, and others. The designs have been well formed and executed. A short distance to the east of the petroglyph rock is a similar outcropping of flat granitic bedrock. This ledge measures 14 ft. long from east to west and 10 ft. wide north to south. There are two designs cut into the ledge: the date "1928" and beneath it an arrow pointing in the direction of the "Indian" rock. (Fig. 1) The workmanship on these figures appears to be similar to that on the adjacent petroglyph rock. It is interesting to note that the 1928 newspaper account of the investigation of Indian Rock fails to mention the existence of this date and arrow. COVER ILLUSTRATION: Field Sketch of Indian Rock Petroglyphs. 2 THE BULLETIN Figure 1: Field Sketch of Date and Arrow on Ledge Adjacent to Petroglyphs. (Not to scale) On the basis of the evidence at hand, I do not believe that this site is the work of Indians. This conc lusion is based on the following points: 1. The sharpness of the carving technique and the well-formed and easily recognized designs make me believe they are of modern origin. It is totally unlike other petroglyph sites I have investigated thus far. 2. Taken as a group, the designs clearly characterize the western or Plains Indians and not those of the eastern woodlands. The symbols of tepees, full headdresses on human figures, horses, (especially the one pulling a travois), lend weight to this conclusion. 3. Finally, the carved date of "1928" on the nearby bedrock would seem to indicate that the carvings are of modern day origin. In summary, it is my opinion that the Indian Rock Petroglyph is not of aboriginal origin but is instead someone's recent fanciful representation of the Indian. It is likely that many others will continue to visit the site in the years to come. The passage of time and the forces of nature will serve to obscure the newness of the carvings and, together with the legends, they will be presented as authentic, which they are not. Hopefully this report will serve as a permanent record of the site and that these carvings are modern. Acknowledgement I am extremely grateful to Dr. Elizabeth Dumont of Monroe, New York, for telling me about the site. Special thanks also goes to Ralph Robinson of Middletown for guiding me to the site. Reference Weisshaar, Paul 1928 Article in Times-Herald, Middletown, New York. April 20. No. 66, March 1976 3 2. THE JERICO, N.Y. PETROGLYPH Introduction Standing virtually in the shadow of the Long Island Expressway is the Jericho Petroglyph, an ancient engraving on stone. This stone, bearing five carved and pecked symbols, stands alone and mute, but gives permanent testimony to some ancient message or motive. Our minds race with many questions when viewing the stone: Who carved the symbols? How long ago? What is their meaning? The Jericho Petroglyph was reported to me by Marjorie Kling of New Hyde Park, New York, who indicated that the property on which the petroglyph stands is owned by Joseph Markowski of Oyster Bay, New York. Accordingly, I contacted Mr. Markowski and made arrangements to visit the site. On January 4, 1975, Mr. Markowski led me to the site to inspect and record the petroglyph. I photographed the rock both chalked and unchalked, measured and sketched it. In addition, a reconnaissance survey was conducted in the immediate area surrounding the stone in hopes of finding evidence of aboriginal occupation. Unfortunately, none was found as the area is heavily overgrown with trees and brush. Site Location and Description The rock on which the designs are found is located at N40°47'10" - W73°33'0", interpolated from the U.S. Geological Survey, Hicksville, New York Quadrangle of 1967, at an elevation of 180 ft. above sea level. The site is within the borders of the town of Jericho, Long Island, New York. (Figure 2) The Jericho Petroglyph is carved and pecked on a granite boulder which measures 193 cm from north to south and 152 cm from east to west. It is located on a slightly elevated and nearly circular plateau which is about 45 m in diameter. The granite boulder is heavily patinated and has been split into two segments, probably by natural means. At the foot of the boulder there was evidence of some recent excavation, but the nature of this work is unknown. The boulder containing the petroglyph is the only one in the entire area. No other rocks or boulders were visible around the site. The plateau, on which the petroglyph sits, as well as the surrounding area, is heavily wooded. Most of the trees are of fairly recent growth with oak and grey birch trees predominating. According to Mr. Markowski the small plateau was never farmed, but the adjacent land was cultivated as a cornfield. The Jericho Petroglyph site was part of a large farm complex that has been almost entirely destroyed by road building and commercial development. The small plateau would have made an excellent campsite in an earlier day, providing a flat and dry area on which shelters could be built. Description of the Petroglyph The Jericho Petroglyphs are carved on the top face of the boulder which slopes downward from south to north. Two of the designs are on the upper segment of the boulder and three are on the lower portion. (Figure 3). Design number l, at the top of the stone, is that of a left hand. (Figure 4). It measures 23 cm long at its maximum length. This design has clearly been pecked into the stone with the fingers and thumb rubbed and smoothed in. The palm and thumb of this design are nicely proportioned.
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