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Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice

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Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice For The Urban County of Erie County The Town of Amherst The Town of Cheektowaga The Town of Tonawanda The Town of Hamburg 2015 Table of Contents I. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the AI ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Development of the AI .............................................................................................................................. 2 Fair Housing Choice ................................................................................................................................... 2 Legal Trends in Fair Housing Enforcement ............................................................................................... 3 The Federal Fair Housing Act .................................................................................................................... 4 The New York Human Rights Law ............................................................................................................. 6 Town of Hamburg Fair Housing Ordinance ............................................................................................... 7 Proposed County of Erie Fair Housing Law ............................................................................................... 8 Comparison of Accessibility Standards ................................................................................................... 10 The Relationship between Fair Housing and Affordable Housing .......................................................... 11 II. Demographic and Housing Market Conditions ................................................................................... 12 Population Trends ................................................................................................................................... 12 Racially Concentrated Areas of Poverty.................................................................................................. 23 Quantifying Integration ........................................................................................................................... 35 Race/Ethnicity and Income ..................................................................................................................... 38 Disability and Income .............................................................................................................................. 41 Familial Status and Income ..................................................................................................................... 42 Ancestry and Income .............................................................................................................................. 43 Patterns of Poverty ................................................................................................................................. 44 Employment and Protected Class Status ................................................................................................ 46 Housing Inventory ................................................................................................................................... 47 Home Ownership and Protected Class Status ........................................................................................ 52 Household Size and Protected Class Status ............................................................................................ 55 Housing Costs .......................................................................................................................................... 56 III. Evaluation of Public and Private Sector Policies ............................................................................. 61 Municipal Zoning Ordinances ................................................................................................................. 61 Benchmarking ..................................................................................................................................... 62 Results ................................................................................................................................................. 63 ii Town of Hamburg ............................................................................................................................... 64 Town of Amherst................................................................................................................................. 64 Town of Cheektowaga ........................................................................................................................ 65 Town of Tonawanda ........................................................................................................................... 65 Town of Lancaster ............................................................................................................................... 66 Town of Clarence ................................................................................................................................ 66 Town of Orchard Park ......................................................................................................................... 67 Town of West Seneca .......................................................................................................................... 67 Town of Colden ................................................................................................................................... 67 Town of East Aurora............................................................................................................................ 68 City of Lackawanna ............................................................................................................................. 68 NIMBYism ............................................................................................................................................ 68 Policies Governing Investment of Funds for Housing and Community Development ........................... 69 Urban County CDBG Program ............................................................................................................. 70 Urban County HOME Consortium Program ........................................................................................ 71 Town of Hamburg CDBG Program ...................................................................................................... 74 Town of Amherst CDBG Program........................................................................................................ 75 ACT HOME Consortium Program ........................................................................................................ 77 Town of Cheektowaga CDBG Program ............................................................................................... 79 Town of Tonawanda CDBG Program .................................................................................................. 81 Language Access Plans ............................................................................................................................ 82 Public and Assisted Housing & Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Programs ....................................... 87 Public Housing Inventory .................................................................................................................... 88 Current PHA Tenants Served............................................................................................................... 88 PHA Wait Lists ..................................................................................................................................... 90 Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program ...................................................................................... 90 Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Administrative Plans ................................................................... 91 Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Tenants Served ........................................................................... 96 Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Wait Lists ..................................................................................... 97 Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Location Analysis ......................................................................... 98 Locations of CDBG and HOME Projects: Town of Amherst .............................................................. 107 iii Transportation, Housing, and Employment Linkages ........................................................................... 109 Home Mortgage Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. 114 General Mortgage Lending Patterns ................................................................................................. 114 Applicant Income and High-Cost Lending ......................................................................................... 120 Geographic Distribution of Mortgage Denial .................................................................................... 121 Top Lending Institutions ..................................................................................................................
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