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Home , Cornus florida, Cornus sericea, Prunus virginiana, Rosa carolina, Sambucus, Yucca

ICCWMA to Avoid & Native Alternatives

Vines & Groundcover: Plants to Avoid Desirable Native Alternatives Characteristics Periwinkle Myrtle (Vinca Drought (Arctostaphlos uva-ursi) spp.) tolerant Wild Ginger (Asarum canadensis) Creeping Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) Groundcover One-flowered Dewberry (Rubus enslenii) Winter Creeper (Euonymus Drought Wild Ginger (Asarum canadensis) fortunei) tolerant Bearberry (Arctostaphlos uva-ursi) Evergreen Creeper (Parthenocissus Groundcover quinquefolia) One-flowered Dewberry (Rubus enslenii) English Ivy (Hedera helix) Drought Plantain-leaved sedge (Carex tolerant plantaginea) Evergreen Bearberry (Arctostaphlos uva-ursi) Groundcover Creeping Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) One-flowered Dewberry (Rubus enslenii) Lily of the valley Fragrant Red (Lonicera dioica) (Convallaria majalis) Yellow Honeysuckle (Lonicera prolifera) Purple Passionflower () Japanese Honeysuckle Fragrant Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica) (Lonicera japonica) flowers Yellow Honeysuckle (Lonicera prolifera) Purple Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) Oriental Bittersweet Red/ American Bittersweet (Celastrus (Celastrus orbiculatus) showy scandens) Running Strawberry (Euonymus obovatus) Virginia () Carolina Rose (Rosa carolina) Air Potato (Dioscorea Fast-growing Virgin’s Bower (Clematis virginiana) bulbifera) Riverbank Grape (Vitis riparia) One-flowered Dewberry (Rubus enslenii)

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Shrubs: Plants to Avoid Desirable Native Alternatives Characteristics Privet (Ligustrum spp.) Hedge/border Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium) Red Chokeberry ( arbutifolia) Fast-growing Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Can be pruned Red-osier Dogwood ( sericea) and used in Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) topiaries Burning Bush (Euonymus Fall foliage Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus alatus and E. europaeus) Red/orange atropurpureus) fruit Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)

Japanese Barberry Fall foliage Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) (Berberis thunbergii) Red fruit Eastern Wahoo (Euonymus atropurpureus) Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)

Mock Orange Fragrant Carolina Rose (Rosa carolina) (Philadelphus coronaries) flowers Virginia Rose (Rosa virginiana) Durable European High Bush Red fruit American Highbush Cranberry Cranberry (Viburnum White flowers (Viburnum trilobum) opulus) Hardy, easy to American Elderberry (Sambucus grow canadensis) American Red Elderberry () Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica) Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) European Black Fruit Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) (Alnus glutinosa) fall/winter American Hazelnut (Corylus americana) interest Red-osier Dogwood () Dry/wet soil tolerate Autumn and Russian Olive Drought Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea, A. (Elaeagnus umbellatus, E. tolerate laevis) angustifolia) Wildlife food Chokecherry ( virginiana) source Silky willow (Salix sericea) Hedge/Border Red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) plant Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica)

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Common and Glossy Hedge/Border Hazelnut (Corylus americana) Buckthorn (Rhamnus plant Red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) cathartica, R. frangula) Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium) Common Juniper (Juniperus communis) Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica)

Bush Honeysuckle Fragrant Dwarf Honeysuckle (Diervilla lonicera) (Lonicera spp.) flowers Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Wildlife food Red Honeysuckle (Lonicera dioica) source American Elderberry (Sambucus Fast growing canadensis) & replants American Red Elderberry (Sambucus after removal pubens) Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) Early Low Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)

Multiflora Rose (Rosa Wildlife food Virginia Rose (Rosa virginiana) multiflora) source Prickly Ash (Xanthoxylum americanum) Snow fence and crash barrier on highways Southern Arrowwood White flowers Downy Arrowwood (Viburnum (Viburnum recognitum) rafinesquianum) Black Haw (Viburnum prunifolium) Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) -leaved Arrowwood (Viburnum acerifolium) Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus Showy/late Shrubby St. John’s Wort (Hypericum syriacus) season flowers prolificum) Shrubby Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) Tea (Ceanothus americanus) Leadplant (Amorpha canescens) American Elderberry ()

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Trees: Plants to Avoid Desirable Native Alternatives Characteristics Bradford Pear (Pyrus Showy, white Flowering Dogwood (Cornus ) calleryana) blooms Black () American Plum (Prunus americana)

Norway Maple (Acer Fast growing American Elm (Ulmus americana) platanoides) Shade Ulmus hybrids (disease resistant Replacement ) for Elms Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (Dutch elm disease) ‘Arnot’ Bristly Locust Showy Carolina Rose (Rosa carolina) (Robinia hispida) flowers, stems, Virginia Rose (Rosa virginiana) and Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea, A. laevis) Flowering Dogwood ()

Black Locust (Robinia Durable, fast- Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) pseudoacacia) growing Red Hickory (Carya ovalis) Erosion control Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) and Red Oak (Quercus rubra) windbreaks Hawthorn Attractive fruit Downy Hawthorn ( mollis) (Crataegus phaenopyrum) and flowers Scarlet Hawthorn (Crataegus coccinea) Bright red fruit Cockspur Hawthorn (Crataegus crus- Fall foliage galli) Saw-tooth Oak (Quercus Tolerates poor Shingle Oak (Quercus imbricaria) acutissima) soil and drainage Drought tolerant White Poplar (Populus Hedge/Border Paper Birch () alba) tree Big Tooth Aspen (Populus Silver bark and grandidentata) foliage Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Easy to propagate

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Scotch Pine (Pinus Hedge/Border White Pine () sylvestris) tree Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Evergreen White Cedar (Thuja occidentalis) Erosion control Suitable for poor soils White Mulberry (Morus Shade tree Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) alba) Wildlife food Sweet Gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) source Siberian Elm (Ulmus Fast-growing American Elm (Ulmus americana) pumila) Tolerant of Ulmus hybrids (disease resistant wide ranges of cultivars) conditions Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus Fast-growing Coffee Tree (Gymnocladus altissima) Tolerant of dioicus) wide ranges of Yellowwood (Cladrastis lutea) conditions Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) Ironwood (Ostrya virginiana)

Grasses: Plants to Avoid Desirable Native Alternatives Charactertics Lyme Grass (Leymus Look-a-like to American Beach Grass (Ammophila arenarius) native dune breviligulata) grass Chinese Silver Grass Strong vertical Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) (Miscanthus spp.) structure Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium Fall/winter scoparium) interest Indian Grass (Sorghastrum nutans) Dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis)

Forbs: Plants to Avoid Desirable Native Alternatives Characteristics Purple Loosestrife Showy flowers Dense Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) (Lythrum salicaria) Prairie Ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) Swamp Milkweed ( incarnata) Cardinal (Lobelia cardinalis)

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Money Plant (Lunaria Spring flowers Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum) annua) Showy fruit Woodland Phlox (Phlox divaricata) Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis) Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica) Narrow- Cattails Stabilize pond Broad-leaf Cattail (Typha latifolia) (Typha angustifolia) edges American Bur Reed (Sparganium Accent plant americanum)

Dame’s Rocket (Hesperis Spring flowers Woodland Phlox (Phlox divaricata) matronalis) Included in Wild Lupine (Lupinus perennis) wildflower Wild Geranium (Geranium maculatum) mixes Virginia Bluebells (Mertensia virginica) () Hardy plant Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium Showy, white yuccifolium) flowers Yellow (Iris Showy flowers Virginia Iris (Iris virginica) pseudacorus) Fairly easy to Blue Flag Iris (Iris virginica var. shrevei) established Orange Daylily Showy, orange Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) (Hemerocallis fulva) flowers Lily (Lilium michiganense) Fairly easy to Prairie Lily (Lilium philadelphicum) established Hardy plant Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia Showy Blunt-leaved Spurge (Euphorbia esula) obtusata)

Japanese Knotweed Fast growing Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) (Polygonum cuspidatum) Tolerant of Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea) wide range of Early Low Blueberry (Vaccinium conditions angustifolium) Erosion control Maple Leaf Viburnum (Viburnum Plumes of acerifolium) white flowers

USDA has a plant database website to refer to on native and non-native status by state and known populations by counties. http://plants.usda.gov/java/

Know what is in wildflower and a native seed mixes prior to installation on sites. Several non-native have been included in these seed mixes either haphazardly and/or purposely. Below are several examples of non-natives found in wildflower seed mixes:

Baby’s Breath (Gypsophila paniculata) Bachelor’s Button (Centaurea cyanus) Dame’s Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)

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Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Japanese Hops (Humulus japonicus)

Here are reference to native plant nurseries to consult on for native seed and plants.

Cardno/JFNew 708 Roosevelt Rd., Walkerton, IN 46574 574.586.2412 (Native Plant Nursery) [email protected] www.cardnojfnew.com

Spence Restoration Nursery 2220 East Fuson Rd., Muncie, IN 47302 765.286.7154 [email protected] www.spencenursery.com

Native Connections (seed only) 17080 Hoshel Rd., Three Rivers, MI 49093 269.580.4765 [email protected] www.nativeconnections.net

Possibility Place Nursery 7548 W. Monee-Manhattan Rd., Monee, IL 60449 708.534.3988 www.possibilityplace.com

Pizzo Native Plant Nursery 10729 Pine Rd., Leland, IL 60531 815.826.0566 www.pizzonursery.com

The Natural Garden Natives* 38W443 Highway 64, St. Charles, IL 60175 630.584.0432 [email protected] www.thenaturalgardeninc.com *warning: they also sell ornamentals that could be considered invasive

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