sign in sign up
<<
Home , Coreopsis, Dianthus deltoides, Hardiness zone, Liatris, Perennial plant, Yucca

H322 (Revised)

Annual and Perennial for

(Photo by Esther McGinnis, NDSU)

nnuals and perennials are an excellent source of color and Abeauty for North Dakota landscapes. Revised by Annuals are used for their continuous color throughout Barb Laschkewitsch most of the growing season. Perennials are used for their Agricultural Research Specialist permanence in the landscape setting, offering specific periods of bloom, relatively low maintenance and wide adaptability. Esther McGinnis Extension Horticulturist While annuals are started anew each growing season, perennials usually can be divided in the spring or fall. These new divisions can be replanted or given to a friend or neighbor. Because North Dakota summers are so unpredictable, putting out transplants after killing threats have passed usually is a good idea. This publication provides suggestions for flowers for specific locations in and around the landscape. These include low- growing and tall , and plants for shade and full-sun/dry locations, massing, attracting and fragrance. This does not mean a selected for a particular location absolutely cannot grow in another type of location. This is merely a guide indicating where the selected plants grow best under those conditions. Some plants may be listed in more North Dakota State University than one category. Fargo, North Dakota May 2016 Annuals l Low-growing (6 to 8 inches) Ageratum Figure 1. Spreading Alyssum petunias are used Dahlberg daisy effectively in the front of this landscape bed. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Dusty Miller Lobelia Marigolds (French or dwarf) Moss Nemophilia Nierembergia Pansy Petunias (spreading) (Figure 1) Snapdragons (dwarf) Figure 2. Angelonias are a (spreading) great medium-height plant. Zinnia (dwarf) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) l Intermediate (10 to 20 inches) Angelonia (Figure 2) (wax) Gaillardia Gomphrena Marigold Petunia (S. splendens) Vinca Zinnia (Z. angustifolia) Figure 3. Celosia adds color and height to the garden. l Tall (24 to 48-plus inches) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Cannas Celosia (Figure 3) Cosmos Fountain grass Marigold (American or African) Nicotiana Snapdragon Statice Zinnia (Z. elegans)

Figure 4. Coleus brighten the shade. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU)

22 | | Annual Annual and and Perennial Perennial Flowers Flowers for for North North Dakota Dakota Annuals

Figure 5. Annual forms of are very striking. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU)

l Plants for Shade Begonia (wax and tuberous) Coleus (Figure 4) Dahlberg daisy (light shade) Impatiens (Standard and New Guinea) Lobelia (light shade) Figure 6. (forget-me-not) attracts butterflies. Nemesia (light shade) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Nemophila (light shade) Nicotiana (light shade) Nigella Pansy (light shade or east side) Torenia (light shade) l Full Sun/Dry Locations l Annual Plants for l Annuals for Drying Attracting Pollinators Amaranthus (A. caudatus) poppy Alyssum Celosia Cleome Cleome Fountain grass (Pennisetum sp.) Dusty Miller (Senecio) Cosmos Gomphrena Gaillardia Lantana (Figure 6) Salvia (S. farinacea) Lisianthus (Eustoma) Marigold Statice Moss rose (Portulaca) Pentas Strawflower Rudbeckia (Figure 5) Sunflower Statice () Verbena l Vining Annuals Sanvitalia Zinnia Black-eyed Susan (Thunbergia) Tithonia (Mexican sunflower) Cup and saucer vine (Cobeae) Verbena l Annuals Planted for Morning glory () Vinca Fragrance Purple hyacinth bean (Lablab) Sweet pea l Striking Flower Show – Alyssum Massed Plantings Four-o’clock l Good for Cut Flowers Alyssum Heliotrope Cannas Lavender Dianthus Dianthus Mignonette Fountain grass (Pennisetum) Dahlberg daisy Moonflower (vine) Gladiolus Geranium Nasturtium Gomphrena Marigold Nicotiana Lisianthus Moss rose (Portulaca) Pincushion flower Snapdragons (Tall) Petunia Snapdragon Statice Salvia Stock Sunflower Snapdragon Sweet pea Zinnia (Z.elegans) Verbena Zinnia Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota | 3 Perennials

erennials often are used to Figure 7. glomerata Psolve troublesome spots ‘Joan Elliot’ has lovely purple in the landscape. Some of petals. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) these areas might be wet, dry or shady, or possess infertile soil. Perennials are effective as background plantings, for naturalizing or simply as a border to define a planting bed. Wet areas could be planted with sibirica, didyma Figure 8. The pink spires of and odorata. For dry areas, astilbe light up the shade. consider using yarrow (Achillea) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) or daylilies (Hemerocallis). Where the soil is poor, blue false indigo (Baptisia australis) could be used. For tall background plantings, consider or Boltonia asteroides ‘Snowbank.’ Naturalized plantings may use gayfeather ( Figure 9. adds pycnostachya) or purple cheer to the garden coneflower ( with its yellow flowers. purpurea), while rocky areas (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) will accommodate plantings of columbine ( canadensis) and basket-of-gold (Aurinia saxatilis ‘Citrina’). Borders can be accented effectively with snow-in-summer Figure 10. Echinacea (Cerastium tomentosum) or ‘White Swan’ brightens a garden. moss pink (Phlox subulata). (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Perennial selection can be made on the basis of flower color and the season of bloom. The following selections will highlight these qualities.

Figure 11. Delphinium brings height and a vivid blue to the landscape. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU)

4 | Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota Perennials

Figure 12. Aquilegia l Season of Bloom comes in different colors. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) May to June Ajuga Cerastium Dicentra Dictamnus Geranium Iris l Color Guide Lychnis chalcedonica Paeonia Blue to Purple Viola Ajuga Aquilegia June to July Campanula (Figure 7) Gray to Blue, White Aruncus and Variegated Achillea ‘Angels Breath’ Delphinium Campanula Foliage albida Echinacea Delphinium (Figure 11) Aruncus Hosta Achillea Heuchera Ajuga Astilbe Iris Salvia ‘Rose Queen’ Liatris Artemisia Boltonia Cerastium Cerastium July to August Phlox Dianthus Dendranthemum Achillea ‘Angels Breath’ Platycodon Echinops Dianthus Ligularia Salvia Heuchera Dicentra Lobelia cardinalis Hosta Dictamnus Monarda Symphyotrichum (aster) Echinacea (Figure 10) Physostegia Nepeta Hosta Ratibida Viola Iris Paeonia Pink to Red Phlox August to September Boltonia Yellow to Symphyotrichum (aster) Sedum spectabile Astilbe (Figure 8) Veronica Symphyotrichum (aster) Boltonia Achillea Dianthus ‘Coronation Gold’ Dicentra Extended Season of Echinacea Aurinia saxatilis Bloom Erigeron Coreopsis (Figure 9) Achillea millefolium Geranium Gaillardia Aquilegia (Figure 12) Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Coreopsis Heuchera Heliopsis Echinacea Linum flavum Iris Iris Dianthus Oenothera Lobelia cardinalis Ligularia Gaillardia Phlox Lychnis calcedonica Linum flavum Heliopsis Rudbeckia Paeonia Oenothera Hemerocallis Sedum Phlox orientale Hosta Physostegia Ratibida Liatris Veronica Salvia ‘Rose Queen’ Rudbeckia Sedum spectabile Sedum Symphyotrichum (aster) Solidago

Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota | 5 Perennials l Foliar Impacts Figure 13. Oenothera is a low-growing perennial. Gray, Blue and (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Variegated – Season long Achillea Ajuga l Artemisia Heights Cerastium Less than 12 inches More than 24 inches Dianthus Ajuga Achillea filipendulina Iris Echinops Asarum Aquilegia canadensis Aurinia Aster Lychnis chalcedonica Heuchera Cerastium Astilbe Monarda didyma Hosta Dianthus deltoides Boltonia asteroides ‘Snowbank’ Papaver orientale Lamium Coreopsis ‘Golden Shower’ Campanula glomerata Phlox paniculata Perovskia Iris cristata Coreopsis ‘Golden Shower’ Physostegia virginiana Sedum Iris pumila Delphinium elatum Rudbeckia Thymus Oenothera missourensis Dictamnus albus ‘Purpureus’ Salvia (Figure 13) Solidago ‘Gold Dwarf’ l Shade-tolerant Phlox subulata Echinops vitro Veronica virginica Perennials Sedum X zabelii ‘Amethyst’ Yucca (Figure 14) Viola Hosta sieboldiana Ajuga spp. Aquilegia canadensis 12 to 24 inches Achillea ‘Baby’s Breath’ Astilbe spp Achillea ‘Moonshine’ Bergenia cordifolia Achillea ‘Fire King’ Campanula spp. Arum Centaurea macrocephala Asarum Cimicifuga racemosa Campanula rotundifolia Coreopsis spp. Coreposis auriculata ‘Nana’ Dicentra spectabilis Dendranthemum spp. Hosta spp. Dictamnus albus Lamium spp. Erigeron ‘Walther’ virginica Geranium Myosotis spp. Heuchera sanguinea Phlox divaricata Hosta lancifolia repens Iris, Bearded Sedum kamtschaticum Linum perenne Lychnis X arkwrightii Phlox divaricata Sedum aizoon Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum spectabile Veronica ‘Crater Lake Blue’ Veronica spicata

Figure 14. Yucca thrives in dry soils. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) 6 | Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota All-America Selection (AAS) Winners All-America Selections is an independent, nonprofit organization that tests new varieties of annuals and across the U.S. Each year, All-America Selections winners are announced. Interested gardeners should consider using these varieties in their plant selections, whether these are current winners or winners from previous years. These are the most extensively tested herbaceous plants in . NDSU has two AAS demonstration gardens: one on the campus in Fargo and the 2014 AAS winner Florific™ Sweet other at the Williston Research Extension Center. There, you can observe just Orange New Guinea Impatiens. how well these selections are doing under “normal” care. (Courtesy All-America Selections) For more information on All-America Selection winners, go to www.all-americaselections.org. The of the Year The Perennial Plant of the Year (POY) program began in 1990 to showcase a perennial that is a standout among its competitors. Perennials chosen are suitable for a wide range of growing , require low maintenance, have multiple-season interest and are relatively pest/disease-free. If you are looking for an excellent perennial for your next landscape project or something reliable for your gardens, make sure to check out the Perennial Plant of the Year archive list at www.perennialplant.org/education/plant-of-the-year. More information Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ (Variegated Solomon’s about other perennials can be found in the Plant Database. Seal) was the 2013 Perennial Plant of the Year. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU)

USDA Plant Map The U.S. Department of ’s Plant Hardiness Zone Map (Figure 15) provides guidance for planting peren- nials. The southern two-thirds of the state is in zone 4. Gardeners in zone 4 should look for perennials that are hardy to zone 4 or a lower number. The northern one-third of the state is in zone 3. Gardeners there should purchase perennials that are hardy to zone 3 or lower. Hardiness zones are indicated on the plant label. Gardeners who live near the boundary of zone 4 and 3 should be more con- servative and purchase zone 3 plants.

Figure 15. The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map is based on the average lowest winter temperature for the years 1976-2005. Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota | 7 Common Name Reference

Annuals Perennials Ageratum — Floss flower Achillea — Yarrow Ligularia — Bigleaf goldenray Amaranthus — Love-lies-bleeding Ajuga — Bugleweed Linum — Antirrhinum — Snapdragon Alchemilla — Lady’s mantle Lobelia — Cardinal flower Begonia — Begonia Anaphalis — Pearly everlasting Lychnis — Arkwright campion, Briza — Quaking grass, rattlesnake grass Aquilegia — Columbine rose campion Calendula — Calendula Arabis — Rock cress Monarda — Bee balm Campanula — Bellflower Artemisia — Wormwood Myosotis — Forget-me-not Catharanthus — Annual vinca Aruncus — Goatsbeard Nepeta — Catmint Celosia — Cockscomb, plumed and crested Astilbe — Astilbe, false spirea Oenothera — Sundrops, Centaurea — Basket flower Aurinia — Basket-of-gold primrose — Chrysanthemum Boltonia — Boltonia Paeonia — Cleome — Spider flower Campanula — Bellflower Papaver — Poppy Coleus — Coleus, flame nettle Cerastium — Snow-in-summer Perovskia — Azure sage, Consolida — Larkspur Coreopsis — Tickseed Russian sage Coreopsis — Calliopsis Delphinium — Delphinium, Phlox — Prairie phlox Cosmos — Cosmos larkspur Physotegia — Obedience, Cynoglossum — Chinese forget-me-not Dendranthemum — Garden mum false dragonhead Dianthus — Pink, sweet William Dianthus — Pink Ratibida — Prairie coneflower Dyssodia — Dahlberg daisy Dicentra — Bleeding heart Rudbeckia — Coneflower, Eschscholzia — California poppy Dictamnus — Gas plant black-eyed Susan Eustoma — Lisianthus, prairie gentian Echinacea — Purple coneflower Salvia — Sage Gaillardia — Blanket flower Erigeron — Fleabane Scabiosa — Pincushion flower Gerbera — Transvaal daisy Gaillardia — Blanket flower Sedum — Stonecrop Gomphrena — Globe Geranium — Cranesbill Solidago — Goldenrod Helichrysum — Strawflower Gypsophila — Baby’s breath Symphyotrichum — Aster — Rocket candytuft Heliopsis — False sunflower, oxeye Thymus — Impatiens — Garden balsam Hemerocallis — Daylily Veronica — Speedwell Ipomoea — Moonflower, morning glory Heuchera — Alumroot Viola — Violet — Sweet pea Hosta — Plantain lily Yucca — Adam’s needle Limonium — Statice, sea lavender Iris — Iris Lobelia — Lobelia Lamium — Dead nettle Lobularia — Sweet alyssum Liatris — Blazing star, gayfeather Moluccella — Bells-of-Ireland Myosotis — Forget-me-not Nemesia — Pouch nemesia Nicotiana — Flowering tobacco Nigella — Nigella, flower This publication was authored by Barb Laschkewitsch, NDSU agricultural research specialist, Papaver — Poppy, Iceland poppy and Ron Smith, retired NDSU Extension horticulturist. — Geranium Petunia — Petunia The NDSU Extension Service does not endorse commercial products or companies even Phlox — Annual phlox though reference may be made to tradenames, trademarks or service names. NDSU Portulaca — Portulaca, moss rose encourages you to use and share this content, but please do so under the conditions of our Rudbeckia — Coneflower Creative Commons license. You may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt this work as long as you give full attribution, don’t use the work for commercial purposes and share your resulting Salvia — Salvia, sage work similarly. For more information, visit www.ag.ndsu.edu/agcomm/creative-commons. Senecio — Dusty Miller — Marigold For more information on this and other topics, Tithonia — Mexican sunflower — Nasturtium see www.ag.ndsu.edu County commissions, North Dakota State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. North Dakota Viola — Violet, viola, pansy State University does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, gender expression/identity, genetic information, Zinnia — Zinnia marital status, national origin, physical and mental disability, pregnancy, public assistance status, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or status as a U.S. veteran. Direct inquiries to: Vice Provost for Faculty and Equity and Title IX/ ADA Coordinator, Old Main 201, 701-231-7708. This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people with disabilities upon request, 701-231-7881. 500-5-16 8 | Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota