H322 (Revised) Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota (Photo by Esther McGinnis, NDSU) nnuals and perennials are an excellent source of color and Abeauty for North Dakota landscapes. Revised by Annuals are used for their continuous flower color throughout Barb Laschkewitsch most of the growing season. Perennials are used for their Agricultural Research Specialist permanence in the landscape setting, offering specific periods of bloom, relatively low maintenance and wide adaptability. Esther McGinnis Extension Horticulturist While annuals are started anew each growing season, perennials usually can be divided in the spring or fall. These new divisions can be replanted or given to a friend or neighbor. Because North Dakota summers are so unpredictable, putting out transplants after killing frost threats have passed usually is a good idea. This publication provides suggestions for flowers for specific locations in and around the landscape. These include low- growing and tall plants, and plants for shade and full-sun/dry locations, massing, attracting pollinators and fragrance. This does not mean a plant selected for a particular location absolutely cannot grow in another type of location. This is merely a guide indicating where the selected plants grow best under those conditions. Some plants may be listed in more North Dakota State University than one category. Fargo, North Dakota May 2016 Annuals l Low-growing (6 to 8 inches) Ageratum Figure 1. Spreading Alyssum petunias are used Dahlberg daisy effectively in the front of Dianthus this landscape bed. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Dusty Miller Lobelia Marigolds (French or dwarf) Moss rose Nemophilia Nierembergia Pansy Petunias (spreading) (Figure 1) Snapdragons (dwarf) Figure 2. Angelonias are a Vinca (spreading) great medium-height plant. Zinnia (dwarf) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) l Intermediate (10 to 20 inches) Angelonia (Figure 2) Begonia (wax) Gaillardia Gomphrena Geranium Impatiens Marigold Petunia Salvia (S. splendens) Verbena Vinca Zinnia (Z. angustifolia) Figure 3. Celosia adds color and height to the garden. l Tall (24 to 48-plus inches) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Cannas Celosia (Figure 3) Cleome Cosmos Fountain grass Gaura Marigold (American or African) Nicotiana Snapdragon Statice Zinnia (Z. elegans) Figure 4. Coleus leaves brighten the shade. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) 22 | | Annual Annual and and Perennial Perennial Flowers Flowers for for North North Dakota Dakota Annuals Figure 5. Annual forms of Rudbeckia are very striking. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) l Plants for Shade Begonia (wax and tuberous) Coleus (Figure 4) Dahlberg daisy (light shade) Impatiens (Standard and New Guinea) Lobelia (light shade) Figure 6. Lantana Myosotis (forget-me-not) attracts butterflies. Nemesia (light shade) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Nemophila (light shade) Nicotiana (light shade) Nigella Pansy Poppy (light shade or east side) Torenia (light shade) l Full Sun/Dry Locations l Annual Plants for l Annuals for Drying Calendula Attracting Pollinators Amaranthus (A. caudatus) California poppy Alyssum Celosia Cleome Cleome Fountain grass (Pennisetum sp.) Dusty Miller (Senecio) Cosmos Gomphrena Gaillardia Lantana (Figure 6) Salvia (S. farinacea) Lisianthus (Eustoma) Marigold Statice Moss rose (Portulaca) Pentas Strawflower Rudbeckia (Figure 5) Sunflower Statice (Limonium) Verbena l Vining Annuals Sanvitalia Zinnia Black-eyed Susan vine (Thunbergia) Tithonia (Mexican sunflower) Cup and saucer vine (Cobeae) Verbena l Annuals Planted for Morning glory (Ipomoea) Vinca Fragrance Purple hyacinth bean (Lablab) Sweet pea l Agastache Striking Flower Show – Alyssum Massed Plantings Four-o’clock l Good for Cut Flowers Alyssum Heliotrope Dahlias Cannas Lavender Dianthus Dianthus Mignonette Fountain grass (Pennisetum) Dahlberg daisy Moonflower (vine) Gladiolus Geranium Nasturtium Gomphrena Marigold Nicotiana Lisianthus Moss rose (Portulaca) Pincushion flower Snapdragons (Tall) Petunia Snapdragon Statice Salvia Stock Sunflower Snapdragon Sweet pea Zinnia (Z.elegans) Verbena Zinnia Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota | 3 Perennials erennials often are used to Figure 7. Campanula glomerata Psolve troublesome spots ‘Joan Elliot’ has lovely purple in the landscape. Some of petals. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) these areas might be wet, dry or shady, or possess infertile soil. Perennials are effective as background plantings, for naturalizing or simply as a border to define a planting bed. Wet areas could be planted with Iris sibirica, Monarda didyma Figure 8. The pink spires of and Viola odorata. For dry areas, astilbe light up the shade. consider using yarrow (Achillea) (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) or daylilies (Hemerocallis). Where the soil is poor, blue false indigo (Baptisia australis) could be used. For tall background plantings, consider Phlox paniculata or Boltonia asteroides ‘Snowbank.’ Naturalized plantings may use prairie gayfeather (Liatris Figure 9. Coreopsis adds pycnostachya) or purple cheer to the garden coneflower Echinacea( with its yellow flowers. purpurea), while rocky areas (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) will accommodate plantings of columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) and basket-of-gold (Aurinia saxatilis ‘Citrina’). Borders can be accented effectively with snow-in-summer Figure 10. Echinacea (Cerastium tomentosum) or ‘White Swan’ brightens a garden. moss pink (Phlox subulata). (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Perennial selection can be made on the basis of flower color and the season of bloom. The following selections will highlight these qualities. Figure 11. Delphinium brings height and a vivid blue to the landscape. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) 4 | Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota Perennials Figure 12. Aquilegia l Season of Bloom comes in different colors. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) May to June Ajuga Cerastium Dicentra Dictamnus Erigeron Geranium Iris l Color Guide Lychnis chalcedonica Paeonia Blue to Purple Viola Ajuga Aquilegia June to July Campanula (Figure 7) Gray to Blue, White Aruncus and Variegated Achillea ‘Angels Breath’ Delphinium Campanula Foliage Arabis albida Echinacea Delphinium (Figure 11) Aruncus Hosta Achillea Heuchera Ajuga Astilbe Iris Salvia ‘Rose Queen’ Liatris Artemisia Boltonia Nepeta Cerastium Cerastium July to August Phlox Dianthus Dendranthemum Achillea ‘Angels Breath’ Platycodon Echinops Dianthus Ligularia Salvia Heuchera Dicentra Lobelia cardinalis Scabiosa Hosta Dictamnus Monarda Symphyotrichum (aster) Lamium Echinacea (Figure 10) Physostegia Veronica Nepeta Hosta Ratibida Viola Sedum Iris Thymus Paeonia Pink to Red Phlox August to September Boltonia Achillea millefolium Yellow to Symphyotrichum (aster) Sedum spectabile Astilbe (Figure 8) Orange Veronica Symphyotrichum (aster) Boltonia Achillea Yucca Dianthus ‘Coronation Gold’ Dicentra Alchemilla Extended Season of Echinacea Aurinia saxatilis Bloom Erigeron Coreopsis (Figure 9) Achillea millefolium Geranium Gaillardia Aquilegia (Figure 12) Hemerocallis Hemerocallis Coreopsis Heuchera Heliopsis Echinacea Linum flavum Iris Iris Dianthus Oenothera Lobelia cardinalis Ligularia Gaillardia Phlox Lychnis calcedonica Linum flavum Heliopsis Rudbeckia Paeonia Oenothera Hemerocallis Sedum Phlox Papaver orientale Hosta Solidago Physostegia Ratibida Liatris Veronica Salvia ‘Rose Queen’ Rudbeckia Sedum spectabile Sedum Symphyotrichum (aster) Solidago Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota | 5 Perennials l Foliar Impacts Figure 13. Oenothera is a low-growing perennial. Gray, Blue and (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) Variegated – Season long Achillea Ajuga l Artemisia Heights Cerastium Less than 12 inches More than 24 inches Dianthus Ajuga Achillea filipendulina Iris Echinops Asarum Aquilegia canadensis Liatris spicata Gypsophila Aurinia Aster Lychnis chalcedonica Heuchera Cerastium Astilbe Monarda didyma Hosta Dianthus deltoides Boltonia asteroides ‘Snowbank’ Papaver orientale Lamium Coreopsis ‘Golden Shower’ Campanula glomerata Phlox paniculata Perovskia Iris cristata Coreopsis ‘Golden Shower’ Physostegia virginiana Sedum Iris pumila Delphinium elatum Rudbeckia Thymus Oenothera missourensis Dictamnus albus ‘Purpureus’ Salvia (Figure 13) Echinacea purpurea Solidago ‘Gold Dwarf’ l Shade-tolerant Phlox subulata Echinops vitro Veronica virginica Perennials Sedum Eryngium X zabelii ‘Amethyst’ Yucca (Figure 14) Viola Hosta sieboldiana Ajuga spp. Aquilegia canadensis 12 to 24 inches Asarum canadense Achillea ‘Baby’s Breath’ Astilbe spp Achillea ‘Moonshine’ Bergenia cordifolia Achillea ‘Fire King’ Campanula spp. Arum Centaurea macrocephala Asarum Cimicifuga racemosa Campanula rotundifolia Coreopsis spp. Coreposis auriculata ‘Nana’ Dicentra spectabilis Dendranthemum Digitalis spp. Dianthus barbatus Hosta spp. Dictamnus albus Lamium spp. Erigeron ‘Walther’ Mertensia virginica Geranium Myosotis spp. Heuchera sanguinea Phlox divaricata Hosta lancifolia Ranunculus repens Iris, Bearded Sedum kamtschaticum Linum perenne Lychnis X arkwrightii Paeonia tenuifolia Phlox divaricata Sedum aizoon Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’ Sedum spectabile Veronica ‘Crater Lake Blue’ Veronica spicata Figure 14. Yucca thrives in dry soils. (Esther McGinnis, NDSU) 6 | Annual and Perennial Flowers for North Dakota All-America Selection (AAS) Winners All-America Selections is an independent, nonprofit organization that tests new varieties of annuals and vegetables across the U.S. Each year, All-America Selections winners are announced. Interested gardeners should consider using these varieties in their plant selections, whether these are current winners or winners from previous years. These are