rnt

m GEORGE Q.CANNON, ^ EDITOR. \\ SALTLAKE CITY, UTM. ' 'flli'li!'!^^_,^ii!,l!!l!l!l!l"'ilf"" XHB JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR,

Vol. XXVII MAY 15, 1892. No. 10.

CONTE.VTS:

AMONG THE MOQUIS (Illustrated) "2^1 RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PROPHET JOSEPH SMITH 302

TOPICS OF THE TIMES—Marriage Should be Encouraged Among the Young. , . The. Editor 304 EMINENT PEOPLE OP THE WORLD'S HISTORY.—IV.- Christopher Columbus Julia A. McDonald 306 A CRUS'i OP BREAD—A Story ol Memorial Day Flora Hainea Louyhead 308 REFLECTIONS ON LIFE J. C. .312 DID JACOB LIE? 313 EDITORIAL THOUGHTS—A Defect in Educational Methods 314 THE JAREDITES—III.—The Rulers of the Jeradites—Orihah—Kib—Shule—Cohor—Nimrod George Reynolds 316 STEP BY STEP 318 ROUGH 318 BURNS' SENSIBILITY 318 ALL IS WELL THAT ENDS WELL Hophy Valentine 320 DESBRET SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION LEAFLETS.—Christ Before Pilate 322 LIFE 323 FOR OUR LITTLE FOL^S—The Wise Beaver 324 FABLES—The Lion and the Mouse 325 The Hares and the Progs 325 The Husbandman and the Stork 326 The Collier and the Fuller 326 The Dove and the Ant 327 THE VIOLET Music by D. D. E. Jones 327 A FISH ARMY 327

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AMONG THE MOQUIS. advice of a friend, had hastened to take it up. The quarter- section was in a high valley among IT'E three young women—Clare Burley, the mountains, and diversified by the strange- YV Nell Newson, and I, all of whom had looking mesas of that region, —great, square, been earning good salaries in Boston, had barren hillocks.

OLD CUL'RCU OF SAN MIUUIX IX SANTA FE.

tired of our work, caught the " Western fev- To tell the truth, the country looked deso- er," thrown up our situations, pooled issues, late and discouraging enough to our Eastern and come to New Mexico. In Albuquerque eyes and terrible to our homesick hearts. we had been told of this strip of land which Pre-empting government lands in actual reality

had not been pre-empted, and, acting on the did not seem so delightfully romantic as it had 2©S THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

in our pleasant "apartment" at the West fifteen feet from the ' doby.' If I were you End. three girls, I should take up this section,

"This quarter-section is perfectly enchant- build a hut on the corner that'll do for a ing!" exclaimed Nell. "Not exactly teem- kitchen that you can eat in, and live in the ing with fertility just at present, but abso- 'doby.' You know you have got to comply lutely rich in promises." with the law, and in order to pre-empt the Just here Chubb, the man who had driven land you'll have to build and make a pre- us over from the railway station, came up tense of living on it." with a younger man whom he had picked up " Clare and I fell in with this idea at once, somewhere in the vicinity. and gladly accepted Mr. Warwick's offer to "Warwick, here, says there's a better place contract for the adobe mansion on better beyant," he remarked, by way of introduc- terms than we possibly could.

A :MonrT m^AVER. tion. "The next quarter had the advantage Betore we left we entered and examined it. of edging close to an old 'doby' house, —hut The hut was a long, low affair, with two you would call it. It's just as good land, and rooms, one somewhat larger than the other. you could buy the 'doby' for a song." Both had fire places built into the chimney Chubb had already turned his horses' heads, on the wall. The material of which a 'doby' and we got aboard the nondescript vehicle, is made, and from which it takes its name, is, the stranger seating himself behind, with his as I suppose everybody knows, a kind of clay legs hanging. The road was scarcely a track, prepared by the Mexicans, and dried in the and the wagon jolted fearfully. sun into a hard, whity-gray substance that "Here we are," shouted the teamster, lasts for years. The walls are about one foot when we arrived at our destination. The thick, and are tight, warm, and dry. quarter-section comes up to that stake, just A week after we were domiciled in our THE JUVENILH INtSTKUCTOK 2G0

"doby," the necessary steps had been taken The Navajo Indians are more intelligent towards pre-empting the land, and timbers than some of the other tribes, and are very and boards were being hauled to erect our good citizens. They have large flocks of kitchen. We had brought as much house- sheep, and raise something like a million furnishing goods as we could pack in trunks pounds of wool every year. Some of this and boxes, but of furniture we had what they sell, but the larger part they make into

Clare called "a plentiful scarcity." It could blankets. The making of these blankets is be bought in Albuquerque. That growing a secret with the Navajos. No other tribe town has plenty of shops of all kinds, but makes anything like so fine blankets, although prices are, as in all new western towns, some- the California and Mexican blankets are thing fabulous. So we improvised what we good. Here the Navajo blankets bring could not afford to buy. from nine to fifteen dollars apiece, which is a

We had a garden which I cultivated my- low price, considering that it takes several

A Ml Kir I iM i: self, and in the hot sun, and by irrigating :t months to make one. through the dry season we had "all the luxu- The wool is cleaned, carded, and dyed, ries of the market." It was two years, how- after a process known to all these Indians ever, before we made farming "pay," —or and kept by them a religious secret. The even got back the money our unpretentious looms are built by the squaws and are very buildings cost us. We made a living, by primitive affairs. The weavers are very im- closest economy,—nothing more. portant individuals, and are never allowed to A few Navajos lived near us, but more of perform any other labor. Sometimes the the Acomas and descendants of the Moquis. looms are built under a tree, out of doors, We had already come in possession of two but usually they are under a hut called a Navajo blankets, which we valued very highly; hogau. The hogau is made by driving into but now we were to see them in process of the ground six or eight roughly hewn poles at manufacture. regular intervals, to form a small square, and 300 THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

across the top green boughs are laid to shelter as to get a bowl of Zuni make and unknown the weaver from the hot sun. To the middle age. It was one of the finest in the country, poles are fastened cross-poles, about a foot on account of its age, and priceless; but as from the top and bottom, with holes bored Clare and I had nursed an old squaw through in them for the warp. The latter is made a terrible illness, when her own family from the yucca-tree, and treated by the pro- deserted her, she gave it to us with many ex- cess known only to the Navajos, which rend- pressions of gratitude. She was in Acoma ers it well-nigh indestructable. It is this who lived below our farm, in a poor old hut. strong, endurable warp that makes the Navajo She also gave us a smaller vase which she

blanket so much superior to the more common had made herself, when she was a young girl. California blanket. Formerly the Navajos As she must be now somewhere near a hundred,

only made blankets for their own use ; but this piece, too, has acquired quite a respect- they have been reduced to making them for able age.

support now, and depend largely on them for I shall never forget the day we first saw her. their subsistence. It was a warm spring day, and we were all at work in the garden-patch. Looking up, we saw this old woman — resembling more an Egyptian mummy than an American citizen — stolidly regarding us through the paling. I spoke to her, but she only grunted in reply. The next day she came again.

I gave her a pelargonium, which she threw away in disgust. I went into the house and got a knitted ball and a large safety-pin. Coming out I presented the ball to the great-grand- "LA CACHINA," OR SACRED DANCE child who was hanging, The weaver whose picture we obtained had open-eyed, to her skirts, and gave her the his loom fastened to the walls of his "doby." safety-pin for her own personal adornment. He was, to us, a great curiosity, being a pure She smiled as radiently as an Indian mummy Albino. We were told, however, that there can smile, put on her safety pin for a broach, are many Albinos among the Indians in New and was our friend forever after. Mexico, and afterwards saw more of them Later we visited a Moqui pueblo, or Indian ourselves. This Moqui was regarded as al- house. How ancient this one was we could most a sacred personage, on account of his not learn, neither would the inmates listen to skill. He was certainly hideous enough for a any desire on our part to see the interior ; but heathen idol. the way those Indians came swarming out of The San Domingo family, whose picture the holes which served as doors and windows, we also obtained, were much above the aver- when we paused to look up at their establish- age in intelligence and industry. They had ment ! We were glad to have Dave drive on, an abundance of pottery, some of which was remembering stories of Indian cruelty we very rare. Afterwards we were so fortunate had read in youth, although we looked THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR. 3 01

in vain now for tomahawks and bloody becoming scarcer every decade, it being rarely

axes. that one is found inhabited. Those which These old Indian pueblos are groups of remain are deserted, and give but little clue

constructions in stone laid in mortar and to the life of the inmates. Whole villages of plastering of clay, and cover greater spaces Indians dwelt in a ^vagXe. pueblo, but whether of ground than any building in the United they ever used them as forts, or whether in States, with the exception of the Capital at time of battle they deserted their hiding-places

Washington. One of them is four hundred and took to the plains, is still a mooted ques- and forty feet long, and two hundred and tion left for ethnologists and antiquarians to

fifty feet wide, and is four stories high. An- decide. "La Cachina" the sacred dance of other has a circumference of thirteen hundred the Zunis, is danced by the men,— the women feet and contains six hundred and forty-one never being allowed to take part, but being rooms, which are the dwelling-places of three represented by boys, —and only when ordered thousand Indians, according to an enumerated by that functionary corresponding to the estimate. That these buildings must have chief priest of the tribe. The costumes for existed before Columbus' discovery of America this dance are very elegant, consisting of a

OLD I'LAZA AT ALI!UQUKK(,1UE. is almost certain ; for when the Spanish blue robe and fine white mantle heavily orna- monks and conquistadores passed through mented with eagles' feathers, fox'-tails, etc.

New Mexico in the year 1540, they found The dance is grave and slow, accompanied these places occupied by the natives, by a rhythmic chant and the so-called music and called them " Casas Grandes" (great of gourds and primitive tambourines. "La houses), and the Indians said that they were Cachina" had its origin in an ancient custom more than seven hundred years old. But the among these Indians of propitiating the occupants could give no account of the divinities who preside over the clouds. builders. Several of these pueblos were des- The next summer we took a trip to Albu- troyed at that epoch, the conquerers finding querque and Santa Fe. The old parts of about sixty, and now there only remain thirty- these towns are very interesting. The old one. They are very peculiarly arranged, plaza with its queer streets and buildings at having no doors except a trap door in the Albuquerque seemed like a bit of Spanish square, terraced roof which is reached from history. We were in Santa Fe in time to without by long ladders. These pueblos are witness the Acoma harvest-feast in the old :

302 THtD juvbkile; instructor. church of San Miguel, built many, many on regular time on account of the river being years ago, by the Spaniards. low, and as they were compelled to wait for a

It was a long, low building with sqaure steamer, they came to my father's house windows away up in the sides, and a rude near the landing and stayed there thirteen altar at one end. High mass was being cele- days. Father was the only Mormon in that brated, and although the service was ostensibly part of the country. for the Acomas, the congregation was mostly "At that time Joseph was studying Greek Mexican. Hellen M. Winslow. and Latin, and when he got tired studying he

HIGH MASS IX THE CHIRCH OF SAN MIGUEL.

RECOLLECTIONS OF THE PROPHET would go and play with the children in their JOSEPH SMITH. games about the house, to give himself exer-

cise. Then he would go back to his studies as JOHN W. HESS, one of the ELDER before. I was a boy then about fourteen Presidency of the Davis Stake of Zion, years old. He used to take me up on his and who resides at Farmington, Davis Co., knee and caress me as he would a little Utah, was born on the 24th of August, 1824, child. and was baptized into the Church in March, "I relate this to show the kindness and 1834. The following is a statement he makes simplicity of his nature. I never saw another of some incidents he recollects of the Prophet man like Joseph. There was something hea- Joseph venly and angelic in his looks that I nev?r wit- "In the autumn of 1S3S my father lived in nessed in the countenance of any other per-

Ray County, Missouri, near the Richmond son. During his short stay I became very Landing. Joseph the Prophet, in company much attached to him, and learned to love with his brothers Hyrum and William and him more dearly than any other person I ever eleven others whose names I do not remem- met, my father and mother not excepted. ber, had been up to Caldwell County to lay "The next time I saw the Prophet was at out the city of Far West. When they got to the Richmond court house, in chains, after the Missouri River on their return to Kirt- the surrender of the city of Far West. I land, they found that the boats did not run used to walk six miles every day to see him :

THE JUVENILE: INSTRUCTOR 303

during his stay in Richmond jail. Although hands, but Joseph forbade it. Harvey looked a boy of about fourteen years, I became con- to me like a man in a fit. He groaned and vinced beyond doubt that he was a Prophet frothed at the mouth. Finally he got upon of God, and that testimony has ne"er left his knees and came out of it. me." " Next thing I saw a man came flying through the In addition to what was published in these window from outside. He was straight columns a short time since, as a man's arm as he sailed into the room over two rows of seats filled with men, ELDER PHILO DIBBLE and fell on the floor between the seats and relates the following concerning the Prophet was pulled out by the brethren. He trembled Joseph Smith all over like a leaf in the wind. He was "I saw Joseph Smith the Prophet when he soon apparently calm and natural. His name first came to Kirtland, and was with him in was Lemon Copley. He weighed over two the first conference held in that place, which hundred pounds. This I saw with my own was in a small school house. When he arose eyes and know it is all true, and bear testi-

in our midst he said that before the confer- mony to it. ence closed there were those present who "I was with Joseph the next morning after should see the heavens open and bear record he was tarred and feathered by a mob in the of the coming of the Son of Man, and that town of Hyrum. After he had washed and the man of sin should be revealed. dressed in clean clothes, 1 heard him say to "While he talked he laid his hand upon Sidney Rigdon, who was also tarred and

the head of Lyman Wight. He then laid his feathered, ' Now, Sidney, we are ready to go left hand upon the head of Harvey Whitlock. on that mission,' having reference to a com- Lyman Wight stepped into the middle of the mand of God to go to Jackson County, Mis- room and bore record of the coming of the souri, and which they had deferred to comply Son of Man. Then Harvey Whitlock stepped with until they should have accomplished some into the middle of the room with his arras work which they had planned, but never did crossed, bound by the power of Satan, and accomplish.

his mouth twisted unshapely. "The vision which is recorded in the Book "Hyrum Smith arose and declared that of Doctrine and Covenants was given at the there was an evil spirit in the room. house of 'Father Johnson,' in Hyrum, Ohio, "Joseph said, 'Don't be too hasty,' and and during the time that Joseph and Sidney Hyrum sat down. were in the spirit and saw the heavens open, "Shortly Hyrum rose the second time, there were other men in the room, perhaps

saying, 'I know my duty and will do it,' and twelve, among whom I was one during a part stepping to Harvey, commanded the evil of the time—probably two-thirds of the spirits to leave him, but the spirits did not time, — I saw the glory and felt the power, obey. but did not see the vision. "Joseph then approached Harvey and The events and conversation, while they

asked him if he believed in God. Then we were seeing what is written (and many things saw a change in Harvey. He also bore record were seen and related that are not written,)

of the opening of the heavens and of the com- I will relate as minutely as is necessary.

ing of the Son of Man, precisely as Lyman "Joseph would, at intervals, say : 'What

Wight had done. do I see?' as one might say while looking

"Next a man by the name of Harvey out the window and beholding what all in the Green was thrown upon his back on the floor room could not see. Then he would relate

by an unseen power. Some of the brethren what he had seen or what he was looking at. wanted to administer to him by laying on of Then Sidney replied, 'I see the same.' 304 THE) JUVEiMIIvE INSTRUCTOR.

' Presently Sidney would say 'what do I see? this is the case. Even in England, where the and would repeat what he had seen or was people are more conservative, there is a grow- seeing, and Joseph would reply, ' I see the ing disposition of this kind. same.' An English lady of rank, writing for one " This manner of conversation was repeated of the popular magazines concerning London at short intervals to the end of the vision, society, dwells upon the difficulties girls find and during the whole time not a word was in England, in entering the society lists, in spoken by any other person. Not a sound the matter of marrying. She says men who nor motion made by anyone but Joseph and are poor are afraid to marry. They know the

Sidney, and it seemed to me that they never life of ease and comfort which is the lot of moved a joint or limb during the time I was most girls, and that if they marry the change there, which I think was over an hour, and will entail an amount of denial and self-sacri- to the end of the vision. fice which many men are not willing to ask

"Joseph sat firmly and calmly all the time for. She says it is very evident that girls do in the midst of a magnificent glory, but Sid- not marry as easily or as well as formerly, ney sat limp and pale, apparently as limber and the universal cry among mothers is that as a rag, observing which, Joseph remarked, "men won't marry. " This changed condi- smilingly, ' Sidney is not used to it as I tion she attributes to the increase of luxury and the great desire to live surrounded by those conveniences which wealth purchases.

Money, she says, is the idol of today. Without TOPICS OF THE TIMES. it life is ugly, hard and wearisome. Money is the keystone of success in leading Marriage Should be Encouraged Among English society. She deplores the change the Young. that has taken place, and dwells with pleasure upon the times when, possessed of love one for ENTERTAINING the views which the the other, husband and wife went hand in Latter-day Saints do concerning the sexes, hand and faced the struggle of life together. and the objects which our Heavenly Father That which is described by this writer as had in view in giving His children a probation true of English society is entirely correct con- on the earth, the greatest care should be taken cerning marriage in the United States. among us to encourage marriage. Every Young men are afraid to marry, because young man of proper age should be taught they cannot give to girls whom they would that it is his duty to take to himself one of choose as wives those comforts, conveniences the other sex as a wife. It should be enforced and luxuries to which as daughters they are upon young men as a duty which they owe to accustomed. In a recent conversation, on themselves, to their parents, and to society at the cars, with a young man of good education large. It should not be left as a matter of and of an old American family, who from his personal convenience or inconvenience alone, position had access to the best society, he de- but should be made to appear in their minds scribed his own feelings concerning marriage. as something of far greater and higher impor- "My friends," he said "are wealthy. I tance. Under the changed conditions which am welcome at their houses. I see the luxury have arisen, this appears more necessary now with which they are surrounded, and to which than ever. The tendency of the age is against their daughters are accustomed; and however marriage. In American society complaints strongly I might be inclined to marry, my are general concerning the indifference of the respect for these young ladies is such that I growing generation of young men to mar- have not dared to ask one of them to share riage. But it is not only in America that my lot and be my wife. My circumstances THIi. JUVENILE INSTKUOTOR. 305

are such that I could not furnish them with tions in the land. Our girls should be taught that style of living. I do not want to ask a that if they obtain a suitable companion, girl to step down and occupy an inferior however poor he may be, if he be a man of

position. Besides, by marrying I would de- good habits, full of faith in the Lord, he can prive myself of advantages which as a single by industry, with his wife's help, lay the man I now enjoy. As a single man I am foundation for future reasonable comfort, and welcome to the houses of my wealthy and perhaps wealth. Young men should be en-

fashionable friends; whereas, if I were mar- couraged also to not look upon the possession

ried and were not their equal in fortune, I of money as an absolute prerequisite to mar-

could not expect to be admitted into their riage. There is scarcely a healthy-minded, society and associate with them on terms of properly-brought-up girl in our community equality. These considerations restrain me that would not gladly share in the struggles of from marrying, and they restrain many more a man whom she loves and would accept him of my acquaintance." He spoke of a club to joyfully as her husband. Where love reigns which he belonged, and out of some thirty or there need be no difficulty upon this point. forty members he said there were not half a And young men should not refrain from dozen married men. Conversation on this marriage because of their humble circumstan- point led to statements concerning the de- ces. The idea should not be permitted to crease of the old American families, and gave prevail among our young people that they

opportunity to dwell on the serious results must have money to start out in life in the which follow the non-marriage of young men marriage state. Too much importance is being of old American descent. These families are attached to money in this connection, and

gradually dying out, and new families, of the feeling seems to be growing. If it be not foreign descent—many of them inferior races checked, the effect will be most injurious upon —are supplanting the families whose ancestors our society. Any large element of unmarried have laid the foundation of the American men among us would undoubtedly be an injury nation and have contributed to make the to our community. The sexes are so nearly nation what it is. equally divided that if marriage should be- In Utah we are beginning to experience the come general among the young men, there same influences that have operated to bring would be very few young women who would marriage into disfavor elsewhere. Wealth is not be able to obtain partners. increasing among us. In Salt Lake City Already some mothers are indulging in the many girls are brought up in ease and com- fear, and almost seem ready to justify themselves

fort. They possess many advantages, and the in the thought, that if their girls marry they inclination of young men is to hesitate about must go outside of the Church to find husbands. asking such girls to share their humble lot and The indulgence in such a thought prepares to live with them in a condition inferior to the way for such a result to be brought about. that in which they have been brought up. The experience of our life in the mountains In view of these things, parents cannot be has abundantly proved that such alliances, in too careful in training their daughters, so that the greater number of cases, result unhappily, they will have correct feelings upon this sub- if not disastrously. When a girl marries out- ject. Tney should be made to understand side of the Church the great danger to which that happiness does not consist in fine cloth- she is exposed is that she will lose her faith. ing, nor in fine furniture, nor in elegant sur- This is of itself, in the minds of those who

at its roundings ; but that where true love exists be- hold their religion true value, a disaster. tween husband and wife a humble cottage may And the consequences do not always end be made the abode of a purer happiness than can there. Too often other evils follow which are be found many times in the richest habita- exceedingly painful, not only to those who 306 THE> JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

thus marry, but to their relatives. I do not bordering on the Gulf of Paria must be a share in the apprehension that it is nescessary continent; of course a hitherto unknown for our girls to go out of the Church to obtain extension of southern Asia. The earth, he husbands. And young men should be taught decided, instead of being, as he had hitherto that it is their duty, when they reach the pro- believed, in the form of a sphere, must be per age, all other things being equal, to seek pear-shaped, with the smaller and higher part for partners among the daughters of Zion. approaching the skies, and immediately under The Editor. the equator. At the highest point, he be- lieved the Garden of Eden to be situated, still in existence, but unaccessible to mortals. EMINENT PEOPLE OF THE WORLD'S This highest point he thought would be about HISTORY. in the center of the continent. Knowing, as we do by modern revelation, the true site of IV. —Christopher Columbus. the Garden of Eden, it is interesting to know that at least one man in those dark and COLUMBUS decided to change his course benighted times, was blest with even so slight somewhat compared with former voyages, a glimmer of the light of revelation. and steered more toward the southwest, in About this time, Columbus was stricken hopes to find something new. The result was with a malady of the eyes, which so increased the discovery of an island off the coast of in severity that he was unable to attend to

what is now Venezuela in South America, his duties, and was obliged to depend upon which he named Trinidad, in honor of the others even to take observations as to their Trinity. The main-land to his left he sup- position and progress. They therefore made posed to be another island. The narrow all haste to reach Isabella, where they arrived strait between the two he named the Serpent's without further events occurring of any

Mouth, because of its dangerous appearance. special interest. He was surprised and at a loss to account for Affairs in the colony had not progressed as the freshness of the water in the vicinity, not smoothly as might be during the long absence knowing of the proximity of the Orinoco of Columbus, nor had his brother, Don

River which was pouring its great tide into Bartholomew, who was in command, been

the ocean, thus rendering it sweet. Enter- blessed with an easy, luxurious life during that ing, he named and explored the Gulf of period. Soon after the departure of his

Paria, and named its northern strait the brother, Don Bartholomew made a journey Dragon's Mouth. The natives he thought into the country of Xaragua, where the new superior in appearance and intelligence to mines of Hayna were situated, for the purpose any he had seen before. On the necks of of exploring them. This, and the building many of the women he beheld strings of of a fortress which he named San Christoval pearls, which they told him by signs were were done in accordance with arrangements found farther north. He succeeded in ex- made by Columbus before his return to Spain. changing some glittering baubles for a number He also built a seaport town in the vicinity of these treasures, and during his northward which was at first called Isabella, afterward journey towards Hispaniola, discovered the San Duringo, which name it still retains. He place of their production which he named the visited the resident cacique, Behechio, who Bay of Pearls. received and entertained him and his fol- The thoughts engendered in the mind of lowers in the most sumptuous manner com- Columbus by these recent discoveries resulted patible with their surroundings. In this he in the formation of a theory at once unique was assisted by his sister, Anacaona, the and strange. It was to the effect that the land favorite wife of Caonabo. This woman, one THE JUVENILE INSXRUCTOR. 307 of the most beautiful and intelligent of her The Indians exasperated at such unheard of tribe, was most favorably impressed with the cruelty, had risen en masse, and were now Spaniards, seeming to foster no revenge for laying waste the country and possessions of the fate of her husband, whom she seems to the Spaniards. Don Bartholomew lost no have considered brought trouble upon his time in repairing to the scene of action, the head by his own rashness. result being, as usual, victory for the

By sagacious management, Don Bartholo- Spaniards. In connection with this event, it mew, with little trouble, prevailed upon may be interesting to the reader to know of a Behechio to become tributary to the Spanish tradition said to have existed among the monarchs, in return for which they were to be Indians as to the advent of the Spaniards. taught the true religion, and protected from The reigning cacique, Guariouex, "was of an their old enemies, the Caribs, who were said ancient line of hereditary caciques. His to be cannibals. The tribute was to be paid father, in times long preceding the discovery, in the productions of the country, such as having fasted for five days, according to their cotton, hemp and cassava bread. superstitious observances, applied to his zuni, Upon his return to Isabella, Don Bartholo- or household deity, for information of things mew found that many of the colony had died, to come. He received for answer, that with- many were still sick, and provisions were about in a few years there should come to the island exhausted. It is a strange thing to think that a nation covered with clothing, which should in so naturally fertile a country these people destroy all their customs and ceremonies, and should settle down in perfect apathy and de- slay their children or reduce them to painful pend upon the mother country for the very servitude." food with which to sustain themselves, when, Having, as he supposed, completely subju- by little exertion, the earth could have been gated the insurrectionary tribes for the time made to yield them all of the necessaries, and being, Don Bartholomew made another trip many of the luxuries of life. But such was to Xaragus, to collect tribute. Returning to the melancholy condition. The answer can Isabella, he found new troubles awaiting him. be found in the people themselves, who were Francisco Roldan, another whom Columbus either of the nobility, who did not know had raised from obscurity to a position of how to work, or of the criminal class, trans- trust, on account of natural ability and sup- ported here to give them one more chance and posed integrity, seceded from authority, even get them out of the way, and who were, of going so far as to form a plan for the assassi- course, too lazy to work. nation of Don Bartholomew. With him out Notwithstanding these discouraging con- of the way, and Columbus unheard from, he ditions, Don Bartholomew continued the hoped to step into the place of highest authority labors assigned him, which were to establish himself. His plans having miscarried, he, with a chain of military posts throughout the his adherents, retired into the interior, and island. While engaged in this work, word finally into the peaceful country of Behechio at reached him that Guariouex, a cacique of the Xaragua. Don Bartholomew denounced him interior, was, with his tribe, in a state of in- as a traitor, and it was fear of vengeance surrection. There had been a grand effort to which caused him to take the last named convert the Indians to the Catholic faith, step. which had signally failed. One of the A second insurrection of Guariouex and chapels had been attacked by the natives and his tribe next called for the attention of left in ruins. The Spaniards, considering the Adelantado. Hearing that he was pur- this sacrilege, had caught some of the of- sued, Guariouex left the fertile valleys and fenders, and burned them, accordmg to the retired to the mountains of Ciguay, and took custom of treating heretics in those times. refuge with a friendly cacique named " —

SOS THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

Mayobauex. Thither Don Bartholomew A CRUST OF BREAD. followed. The journey was a peculiarly peril- ous one, being rough, mountainous and un- A Story of Memorial Day. known to them. They were, too, constantly [Copyright, 1892,] harassed by Indian ambuscades, from which U they did not escape unscathed. A message SO it is a question of money?" said the sent to Mayobauex for the immediate sur- youngyoun man, with a smile that was not render of the refugee on pain of laying waste at all insolent, but which was certainly not

his dominion if he refused, elicited the fol- complimentary to the elderly gentleman who

lowing reply, which is of interest as showing had just finished speaking.

the light in which the Spaniards were begin- "No, it is not a question of money

ning to be viewed by the natives, as well as money in hand. It is a qnestion of the abil- the high sense of the duties of hospitality ity to accumulate money," returned the older entertained by them: man, calmly. "According to your own rep- "Tell the Spaniards that they are bad men, resentations—you have reached the age of cruel and tyrannical; usurpers of the ter- thirty years ritories of others, and shedders of innocent "Thirty-two," corrected the other.

blood. I desire not the friendship of such "So much the worse. Thirty-two years;

men; Guariouex is a good man, he is my without owning so much as a foot of ground,

friend, he is my guest, he has fled to me for a share of stock, or having any bank account. refuge, I have promised to protect him, and I Now, to my mind the ability to accumulate

will keep my word." money is worth more than a big inheritance. After such a reply, there was nothing Don Fortunes may tumble down any day; but the

Bartholomew could do but keep his word. man who knows how to pile them up is safe, When the Indians saw their villages in flames, and so are those who are dependent upon and their crops laid waste, they fled to the him. For of course no man with any real mountain fastnesses, where the leaders were manliness would want to depend on his wife's finally caught and carried in triumph to father—"

Isabella. They were not put to death, as "If it had not seemed to me a sufficient they anticipated, but kept in captivity as salary I should not have asked you for your hostages for the insurance of the good con-" daughter. I should not have spoken to her duct of their subjects. When Columbus had I not felt able to support her in comfort," arrived, he brought with him the official said the young man, with the first touch of sanction of the sovereign of the office of spirit that he had shown throughout the inter-

Adelantado which he had conferred upon his view. "Of course I do not pretend that I brother previous to his departure, and which can give her these things," looking around had been a prolific cause of complaint among the luxurious apartment as he spoke, "but I the discontented during his absence. He believe she would be content to do without also sanctioned, and caused a proclamation them. She would never know want while I to that effect, the cause and conduct of Don lived, and my life would be insured for her Bartholomew in regard to Roldan and his benefit in case of my death." conspirators, and the Indian insurrectionists. "Oh, Horace?" exclaimed a young woman The new troops put a wholesome fear into standing with her slender figure half con- the minds of those disposed to dissent; the cealed from view by the heavy folds [of the ^ new provisions and tidings from the mother curtains at a window looking out upon the country infused new hope into the breasts lawn. She turned her face toward him as she of the discouraged. spoke, and there were tears in her bright, dark Julia A. Macdonald. eyes. :

THE) JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR. 309

"I know she does not care for these things, little home, belonging to the long ago, and sir. It is natural that you should. And it is the thought of the wife who had been buried only right that I should satisfy you of my there, that softened the older man, but he still ability to care for her." maintained his brisk, every-day air, and when "The whole thing is out of the question; he spoke there was noticeable the veneer of wholly out of the question," said the older superficial courtesy and even geniality with man with decision. "The very circum- which modern tyrants disguise an inexorable stances upon which you seem to rely most purpose. the fact that you have such a salary—an un- "I presume that both of you young people commonly good salary for a young man— is are mentally writing me down as a stern and im- most against you." placable monster, but you will see the matter

"I do not understand, Mr. Duncan." differently in years to come. I believe I can

"A man of your age, in the possession of trust to your honor, sir, not to press your suit such a salary — for how many years? six in the face of my disapproval, nor to bring years? ought to have laid by a very pretty unhappiness and discord into what has here- sum, if he had the right ideas of thrift and tofore been a happy home." economy. Why, man, you could have saved Adroitly as Mr. Duncan had framed this and invested, and saved and invested, and appeal, he would have had more respect for doubled the money twice over in that time, in the young man if he had met it with at least good, legitimate enterprises, too. And you a show of resistance. There was something haven't a dollar, to say nothing of the mean- almost contemptible to him in the submission est kind of a home to offer a wife. Well, with which his words were met. Would his well, of course I know it's easy enough for a daughter be as docile, as easily controlled ? man to run through double that amount in He turned to her with some anxiety. these days, without any criminal waste or ex- "Eleanor, come here." travagance, but it isn't such habits that main- She did not stir from her place by the win- tain a wife and family. dow, but rested her face on her hands, which

"Now, sir, if there is one hobby I have, it were clasped upon the sash, and sobbed is that no man has any business to marry who aloud. Her father crossed the room and laid hasn't a home to give his wife. My wife and his hand caressingly upon her shoulder.

I went to housekeeping in our own house on "You will see it differently some day, our wedding day. And how do you think I Eleanor," he repeated. "You know that I bought it ? Out of a beggarly salary of four oppose you in this only because I care so dollars and a half a week, selling flour and much for your welfare, my girl. I will thank molasses over the counter of the village store. you not to prolong this distressing scene, sir,"

But I date the beginning of all my prosperity as the young man halted in painful indecision. to the possession of that little home. Yet "Eleanor is a sensible, healthy girl. She is you young fellows, who have your thousands not going to die of grief or to break down a year where we had our hundreds in those under this disappointment. Neither shall I days, don't get ahead in the world as we did forbid you my house, I simply depend upon then." your honor as a gentleman not to press your His daughter's suitor was silent. How suit." could he tell this man, so arrogant in his own success, of the manner in which his earnings had melted away, dollar after dollar; a story "Jump in, sir. Plenty of room. You're that would perhaps provoke the latter' s con- scarcely fit to walk," said James Duncan, tempt for his weakness? stopping his carriage on the way back from There was something in the memory of that the cemetery on Memorial Day to hail a fee- —

310 THE JUVEKILE INSTRUCTOR.

ble-looking, elderly man lagging behind a of a business man, I'm afraid, and my health party of veterans who traveled on foot. isn't the best. I've never been quite the

" I did it once, sir, and I guess I can do it same man since I came out of Anderson- again. This isn't a circumstance to the ville." marches we took then," objected the man, At the mention of this southern prison obstinately, although Mr. Duncan had swung James Duncan settled back in his seat with a open the carriage door, and the line of vehi- look of something very like triumphant satis- cles was brought to a halt. faction. "But we picked you up then when you "I suppose it has been something of a were hurt or maimed. Old age is an uglier struggle,— with your children to take care foe than the Johnnies—takes surer aim and of " he began. hits every time—eh? Be good enough to "I'm afraid it's been rather the other way consider this dusty road a battlefield and this —the shoe was on the other foot," returned rig an ambulance." Private Brown. "In fact, I don't know what

This pleasantry delighted the old man, and I should have done if it hadn't been for my he climbed into the carriage. Mr. Duncan eldest son, Horace." wore the epaulettes he had won through gal- Heaven had disappointed James Duncan in lant conduct on the field more than a score of denying him the son he had yearned for. As

years before, and the old patriotic fire, re-kin- a general rule he did not care to hear the vir- dled in the breast of every veteran on this day, tues of other men's sons extolled. In this warmed his heart to every comrade. instance he lent the speaker grave attention. "New Yorker?" he asked. Possibly his wide worldly experience had "Bless you, no. I'm from away up in the taught him to recognize the law of coinci- Granite State." dence, and some instinct may have taught " One of the rank and file?" him what was coming. "Yes, sir," replied the old man with dig- " My son Horace has stood by us through nity. "I don't know but it's getting to be thick and thin," said Private Brown. "He quite an honor to claim a place in the ranks went to work when he was only a boy. these days, when the country is bristling with Picked up his education —and he's what I call military titles. I'm Brown: Private Brown, a fairly well educated man—in night schools of the th New Hampshire." and by hard study and reading at home. And " Private Brown of New Hampshire?" all the while he's been like a bond slave to James Duncan's voice had a strange sound. our needs. We've leaned on him right He was bending eagerly forward, searching along. I always thought that by and by some the aged face with something more than com- affairs of my own would be straightened out, " mon interest. How do you come in New and Horace would have a rest ; but it's been York ? " he asked harshly. a steady drag on him, and I can't see the end The old man's eyes were dim, and his yet. Last year there was mother's illness senses dulled by long years of hardship and and we lost her. This year he's keeping his discouragement, but there was an honorable sister Ellen —a bright girl, they say she'll pride in his bearing as he answered the rich make a name sometime—at the Art League. man's question. Next year Harry finishes the high school, "We came down soon after the war was and Horace has promised him two years in over. You see, times were bad, the children college. Ellen thinks she'll be able to help a

growing larger, and the old farm wouldn't little by that time; but there's no telling, as

support us any longer. We drifted about a likely as not it will all come on Horace. Do little—out to Chicago at first, then to a little you know, sir, that now and then you come town in Indiana, then here. I'm not much across people who never have any lives of :

THEJ JUVENILE! INSTRUCTOR 311

their own. who are thwarted at every step ? " It may not seem much of a story," pro-

That's the way with my son Horace. I don't ceeded Mr. Duncan, "and it is about a little believe he expects anything else. He has crust of bread." always given up everything to others." Again the lovers exchanged anxious Mr. Duncan recalled the face of the young glances. But as though some woful picture man whom he had sent from his door but a had been called up by his own words, the

week or two before, and the look of meek speaker paced up and down the room in si-

submission that had so irritated him. Was it lence. He stopped before his daughter. the great patience of one who bore many "Eleanor, you have heard the story of my burdens? Then his mind traveled back to army life. You have followed me to the tent other days and distant scenes. and to the battlefield. One experience alone

"Perhaps it is in the blood, Private has been kept from you. Of Andersonville

Brown." and all its horrors I have never spoken before There was something so significant jin his you." words and manner that the old veteran looked The girl gave a sharp exclamation, the cry at him curiously. Then he gave a quick ex- of one who stumbles unexpectedly into a

clamation : charnel house. Into her father's face had "There! I've missed my car. But if come a look she had never seen before. The

you'll be kind enough to put me down here, real man stood before her, bared of all the sir, I'll catch another one in four minutes. I pomp of circumstance, scanning an eventful couldn't think of troubling you to set me past, looking into a dark abyss of memory. down at my own door. It's a long way out." "Yes," he said, " I was one of the poor

But the carriage did not stop, nor did it wretches who went there. I am not going to

turn in the direction of Private Brown's tell you what I saw or underwent. The story

house. is not fit for your young ears. One incident I wish to relate. You know enough of the "I do not know why you have sent for me history of the time to have some faint knowl-

today, sir," began Horace Brown, a little re- edge of what that prison life was. Hunger, sentment mingled with his surprise. His host hunger, hunger! That was the everlasting cut him short cry."

" I have sent for you because I want to pre- The old man who formed one of the trio of sent you to another friend of mine, and to listeners was wide awake now, intent, alert,

tell you both a little story." watching his every gesture, assenting to his "Why, father! " cried the young man, as statements as one who journeys again over a the feeble old veteran, himself dazed by his familiar road, recognizing old landmarks. strange surroundings, rose at his approach. "Starvation works differently with different "Private Brown of New Hampshire," said men," continued James Duncan. "Of some

Mr. Duncan grimly. "Eleanor, I want you it made scoundrels; of others, weaklings; of here, please. When a man has a story to tell others it made heroes." which reflects great glory and credit upon He was looking directly at the old man

himself, it is only fitting that his child should now, and the young people followed his eyes. hear it." Unseeing and unconscious, the aged veteran The lovers stole looks of puzzled inquiry at bore their gaze. Out of the darkness of the each other. Was the cool, level-headed man past a series of blessed memories, like rays of of business taking leave of his senses, that he light, illumined his faded eyes, while the should commit this eccentric act and conduct wrinkled face beneath the snow-white hair

himself in this strange fashion ? The old shone like the chastened features of a saint,

man listened with the dull apathy of age. within its nimbus of glory. ' !

312 THE JUVEiMILE INSTRUCTOR.

"I was one of the weaklings," said James get away I would share my last cent with the-

Duncan. "Whether it was bodily weakness man who had given me his last crust. But I or the cravings of youth, or a want of spirit- never saw him again, and I never succeeded ual stamina it would be profitless to discuss. I in discovering his whereabouts until today. took thought of no one beside myself. I held The Lord knows I had slender clues to goon: on to every morsel of my own rations. So only his name—unfortunately a common long as my money held out I bribed the one, the state in which he enlisted, and the guards for more, and bought from the men. fact that he was a private. Private Brown of

It helped me little. All the while I grew New Hampshire, I've been hunting for you weaker. Day by day my strength failed. A for twenty-five years." time came when I could scarcely crawl, but After the lapse of a quarter of a century lay like a dog in the sun, waiting to die. My the two men joined hands and gazed at each stomach turned against the raw meal of our other with eyes that were not ashamed of the

rations. I was perishing, like any number of moisture gathered in them. . other poor fellows, for want of proper food. " It wasn't much," said old Private Brown.

I remember wishing that it was all over, and "I had the rest of the loaf. I'd been saving making a feeble effort to crawl towards the that crust for days, for some poor fellow like

' dead line, in the hope that a shot from the you. guard would put an end to my misery. A "No, it wasn't much, but it meant a good man pulled me back. He dragged me to the deal to me. Do you know how hard I've shade of a tree and brought me water from a tried to find you?—confound your name! pool the boys had scooped with their hands. I've had the war records searched. I've put Then he took from his pocket a crust of detectives on your track. I've even had per- bread—home-made bread, dried up and dirty. sonals in the daily papers. And when Fate

He handled it as a miser might his gold. I tried to help me by marrying your son to my had no money left. My blankets had been daughter, I turned the lady with the distaff bartered away long before. I was nothing out of doors. Never mind," he said, lower- but a poor, miserable, penniless wretch, ing his voice, "she's found her way in again, clothed in rags, but I felt that I would barter and her web will be perfect yet." my soul to get possession of that crust. I For across the room Eleanor was folded in looked at him. He was older than I; a living the arms of Private Brown's son, who was skeleton, with a skin like parchment, and boldly kissing away her tears. death—death by starvation—in his face. But Flora Haines Louzhead.

I begged it from him. He gave it to me, and

I ate it, to the last crumb." In the hour of his humiliation, Eleanor REFLECTIONS ON LIFE. Duncan came to her father, and wept softly on his shoulder. How fit a type of human life below, "That crust of bread saved my life. Three The seasons are that swiftly come and go days later I was exchanged. How well are pictured on their changing page "Now, friends," concluded James Duncan The varied scenes we pass from youth to age in a voice more like his own, "I need Youth is our springtime, in its verdant bowers scarcely tell you that I am not a man of sen- We gather pleasure mong the buds flowers and ; timent. But I have a strong grip on a pur- Our hearts are free from sorrow, sin and care, pose, if once it takes possession of me. Lying Hope weaves sweet chaplets for the brow to wear, But sin steals in to dim our hope and love in that sweltering swamp, gnawing that dried And riper years our dreams of joy reprove ; piece of bread —the sweetest morsel I ever We reach, alas, too soon the shades of woe tasted— I promised myself that if I lived to And tread the paths where thorns and thistles grow. ;; ; ; —

THE; JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR. 313

Manhood, our summer, comes, spring's charms have fled, have the policy signed all ready for delivery The fruit now clusters where the blossoms spread ; at 3 o'clock on the afternoon of to-morrow, I The tender twigs of youth, however bent Into our being now their shoots have sent will send and get it, and send thee the money Now is the time to watch and weed the crop in full. " Isaac did not seem to be anxious On which depends the harvest of our hope ; to insure the ship; but, being told that no Now is the season, 'neath the scorching sun unfavorable intelligence had been heard from When weeding in the garden must be done Now is the time the sap and strength must flow her, he said he would have the policy made To ev'ry plant that decks the garden row, out to take effect on and after 3 o'clock of That each may grow and prosper in its place the following day, but to cover the ship and Fed from the fount of heavenly truth and grace. cargo from leaving India. Early on the Age is our autumn, when the pensive mind following morning Jacob received a message Looks back across the it tracks left behind ; by the hand of captain just arrived, to the With pleasure or remorse we now survey a The good or bad accepted on our way. effect that his ship was stranded and her cargo Our sins as spectres from the distant past lost. This was very unfortunate. Should Loom up and o'er our peace a gloom hath cast. friend Isaac happen to hear the news before We fondly wish the loss we could restore the policy was out, would not make But sorrow marks the spot forevermore made he

The season now is late, the leaf grows sere it out at all ; or, if it was made out and not

The fruit drops mellow with the waning year. signed, he would not sign it. What was to

Death is our winter, now we pass away be done? Jacob wanted to act honestly. It Like scattered autumn leaves forgotten lay would not be right to let Isaac go on and To sleep in silence in some lone retreat, make out the policy in such circumstances. The earth our bed, the snow our winding sheet. To wait the resurrection trumpet's sound, Finally he hit upon a plan. He summoned When great and small shall leave their narrow mound his confidential clerk and said: "Tell friend •And rise renewed, with joyous birds to sing Isaac that I have heard from my ship, and if Midst flowers supernal in immortal spring, the policy is not signed he need not sign it." Recounting o'er with those we learned to love. Probation's wondrous plan, conceived above The clock was close upon the hour of 3 when Which leads us back to God, redeemed and blest. the clerk arrived at Isaac's office. Friend

And fills the purpose of His grand behest. Jacob's message was delivered ; the ship had J. C. been heard from, and if the policy was not

signed he need not sign it. "I think I am

DID JACOB LIE ? in season to save it," the clerk said. "No, sir," answered Isaac promptly and em-

GOOD story is told of a shipowner of phatically. In truth the policy of insurance A Liverpool, a Quaker named Jacob, who had not been signed, for the insurer had been prided himself on his honesty. He would in doubt. When Isaac heard the message he not have told a downright falsehood to save judged at once that the ship was safe, and the value of his best craft. Jacob suffered that Jacob sought to save the heavy item of one of his best ships to set sail from Calcutta premium he had agreed to pay. "No, sir," for home without any insurance upon either he said, "you are not in time. It is past 3 vessel or cargo. At length he became uneasy. o'clock, the policy is signed; I will go and He was confident his ship had encountered get it." He slipped out and hastily finished bad weather, and he feared for her safety. In and signed the policy, and, having dried the this strait he went to his friend Isaac. He ink, he brought the document to the clerk, called him " friend" though Isaac was one of demanding in return the sum which had been the children of Israel. " Friend Isaac, " he agreed upon. The money was paid and the said, " I would like for thee to insure my ship, policy was taken home to friend Jacob, who which is at sea. I should have done it before, received it very gladly. The end can be but have carelessly neglected it. If thee canst readily imagined. EiX. 314 THE) J UVENULE? INSTRUCTOR.

Under the old system that has prevailed, it has been necessary for those who desired to learn a trade to quit school when they were fourteen or fifteen years of age, as an appren-

SALT LAKE CITY, MAY 15, 1892. ticeship of at least five or six years has been required for them to learn any skilled branch

EDITORIAL THOUGHTS. of industry. The first two years of appren- ticeship have generally been consumed by the A Defect in Educational Methods. boys running errands and doing such jobs as might be required of them by their employers NE of the objections to the higher or others.

|,i%TvJs, education given in the free public There is no reason why a boy should not

^iff^Sv' schools has been that it unfits young continue at school till he is eighteen years of men for manual labor. It is a cause of com- age, and then in the remaining three years of plaint throughout the land that there is not his minority learn a trade. But the rules that disposition on the part of boys and that have been established by trades unions young men thus educated to engage in would prevent this. These unions say that mechanical pursuits. They are seeking for an apprenticeship must be at least four years clerkships, or employment in positions where long. Their policy has not been so much to they can keep their clothes and their persons make good workmen as to keep young men free from marks of toil. Fears have been from learning, and to confine the number of indulged in that evil results would follow such skilled workmen to as few as possible. methods of education, and that the nation In this territory the effect of this narrow would suffer in consequence. policy has been felt. It has been a most diffi- No community or nation can prosper where cult thing for a father to find an opportunity hard labor is looked upon as degrading, or for his sons to learn mechanical labor, and it where the laborer is held to be an inferior threatens to become a somewhat serious evil person. Thinking men have endeavored to if a change is not made. devise some plan to correct this evil, which is The effort which has been made to intro- of so threatening a character, and trade duce a new system of trade instruction in the schools have been established, where young schools in the east has met the opposition men could learn, under proper tuition, skilled of the trades unions. These unions are fre- labor in various branches. It was not a quently controlled by men who have come pleasant thought that a system of education from Europe, and who have brought with carried on at public expense should be the them all the narrow prejudices and hatreds means of swelling the ranks of the non-pro- that have been fostered in those countries for ducers of the country and rendering young generations. Their influence is injurious, men unfit to earn a living by the labor of not only to the public, but to the workmen their hands. No system of education of this themselves, who are compelled to join them. character could be expected to permanently But many master mechanics have given stand. Yet the best remedy for this condi- trade schools their support. In New York, tion was somewhat difficult to find. The schools of this character have been established public school system could not very well be and young men have the opportunity to learn changed, and the effort has been to maintain certain trades, and young men already in that and at the same time furnish opportuni- these trades have the opportunity to improve ties by which young men thus educated themselves. These schools were started about could, if they wished, acquire a knowledge of eleven years ago, and they have received mechanical labor. much encouragement through the results of THE JUVENILE INSXRUOTOR. sie

technical education in schools in Europe. We are likely to be overstocked with lawyers,

The attendance at these schools in New York doctors, dentists, etc. But it is not probable, has steadily increased. For the accommoda- in a growing country like ours, that we can tion of those who could not attend in the have too many skilled workmen in the various daytime, evening instruction has been given. mechanical branches. And the better their Many young men who' were too old for a long school education, the better mechanics they

apprenticeship, saw if they could obtain skill are likely to be. There is no community in they could earn higher pay than could be had the world who ought to place a higher value in other callings, have taken advantage of the upon manual labor than the Latter-day Saints.

opportunity furnished by the trade schools Our God whom we worship is a Creator. He

and attended them. made the world ; and everything connected The results of these attempts to give tech- with our religion, if properly understood, nical education have been most gratifying to ought to teach us the value of labor, and the promoters of the schools. Many well inspire us with a reverence for all those who educated young men avail themselves of the labor. opportunities which these schools furnish, and we are informed that each year young Questions are asked concerning the ad-

men go to these schools from all parts of the ministering of the sacrament in the Sunday Union and from Canada. From Maine and Schools, as to when those who bless the bread

California, from Nova Scotia and Florida, and those who distribute it to the people

young men meet in the trade school work- should partake of it—whether before serving shops. anyone else or after they have served all.

It is expected that the results of these There is no general rule concerning the efforts to give instruction in this direction manner in which these brethren shall partake will make American mechanics the best in the of the bread and the contents of the cup. We world. Young men of good education, who should avoid being technical and stiff on these are denied the opportunity of becoming points. Those who bless and those who ad- skilled workmen in many of the trades by minister can partake at any time while the

the unions, will receive the benefit of the ordinance is being administered; though we thoroughness of the trade school instruction, understand that a rule has been established in and their previous education will be of ben- at least one of the Stakes, to the effect that

efit to them. It will have the eflfect, too, to none of those who bless and administer the

elevate labor, because better educated men sacrament shall partake of it until after it has will. become mechanics, as there will not be so been passed around the congregation, and

many years consumed and wasted in learning then one of their number shall serve it to the trades—time which might be spent to them. The important thing, however, is that

great profit in school. There is no good rea- when they do partake of it, whether first or

son why a well-educated mechanic should not last, they shall partake of it in the spirit be admitted into the best of society, or why which the Lord requires. a man who works with his hands at coarse

toil, if he be intelligent and skillful, is not the equal, in every respect, of the lawyer, the Careful observation and comparisons dentist, or the doctor, who perhaps has spent made by scientific Americans prove that the

no more time in learning his profession than hottest [region on earth is the southwestern the mechanic has in learning his trade. coast of Persia, where that country borders We notice a disposition among many young the gulf of the same name. The thermometer men in this country, to adopt some one of never falls below ioo° at night, and frequently the professions as a means of making a living. runs up to 128° in the afternoon. )

316 THE; JUVENILE) INSTRUCTOR.

III.—THE JAREDITES. Moroni tells us that by its power he " said

unto the mountain Zerin, * remove, and it was The Rulers of the Jaredites— Orihah—Kib- removed," (Ether, 12: 30;) but of the cir- Shule—Cohor— Nimrod. cumstances that attended this manifestation of divine power, we have not the slightest

details. The brother of Jared is also said to the course of time Jared and his brother IN have been "mighty in writing: " the uncor- grew old, and perceiving that their mortal rupted language which he used being unques- lives were nearly finished, the latter proposed tionably most favorable for expressing niceties that they gather the people, number them, of thought in written characters. He was a give them necessary teachings, and learn their " large and mighty man" in personal appear- wishes. This was done; but to the grief of ance, and undoubtedly as strong in his integ- the brother of Jared, the people desired that rity to God, and in his moral courage, as he a king be anointed to rule over them. He was in physical characteristics. Altogether, saw, by the spirit of prophecy, that this action we deem him one of the greatest prophets and would lead to many evils, and he was inclined leaders of God's people that ever graced this to refuse their request, but Jared pled that earth. He left behind him twenty -two sons the wishes of the people be granted, and his and daughters. brother finally consented. It was the first About this time died also, and was step in the wrong direction, and led to much Jared buried in the land Moron. Of Jared's private sin, misery, contention and captivity. The character are told little, he appears people having the privilege granted them, we but but to have been conservative, pliable chose Pagag.^f^ the eldest son of their prophet. more more and less energetic than his brother. But he resolutely refused the honor, sensing, The race was named after him, we presume, be- perhaps, the evils which would follow the cause one of his sons became its first king, adoption of this form of government. The and Jared's thus became the royal family. people desired that his father should compel

Jared had four sons and eight daughters : the him, but he would not do so, and commanded names of his sons were Gilgah, Mahah that they should constrain no man to be their Jacom, and Orihah. The names of his daughters are king. The result was that all of Pagag's brothers not given. and three of the four sons of Jared followed Orihah, t the first king of the Jaredites, his example, and when chosen refused to reigned in righteousness, executing judgment accept the proffered dignity; at last, Orihah, in justice, walking humbly before heaven and the fourth son of Jared, accepted. instructing his subjects in the ways of the Soon after this assembling of the people the Lord. He lived to a very great age, was the brother of Jared died, full of years and father thirty-one children, twenty-three of honor. Like Enoch, he had been privileged of whom were sons, and when he died he was to enter the presence of the Lord, and to succeeded on the throne by his son Kib. The have revealed to him the history of the world in all its generations. He was also a seer, having received the priceless gift of a Urim * No information is given in the sacred record of the locality or country in which Mount Zerin was situated. and Thummim. His faith was never exceeded by the sons of men ; he laid hold of the f The fact that Orihah was the youngest son of his promises of the Almighty with unshaken con- father appears to have been taken as a precedent, for fidence. By that faith he performed miracles; among the Jaredites there seems to have prevailed a cus- tom entirely opposite to that of most other nations— that ol having one of the younger, generally the very young-

* Nothing more is said of Pagag in the Boolt of Mor- est son instead of the eldest, succeed his father on the mon, but from his action in this matter we judge him to throne. We do not read of any queens reigning over have been a wise and God-fearing man. (Ether, 6 : 25. this race. ;

XHE> JUVEIMIi^B INSTRUCTOR. 317

Jaredites prospered and multiplied greatly Shule, broke into his house and killed the under his wise and beneficent reign. usurper. They then went to the prison, Kib was born in his father's old age, and where their father was held, released him therefore would, in all probablity, be quite from his confinement and replaced him on the young when he became king. The early throne of that part of the country now re- years of his reign appear to have been peace- tained by Cohor, the son of Noah. ful and prosperous. But he had an ambitious There were now two kingdoms, both of son, named Corihor, who became the first to which were growing, while that one under the fulfill the gloomy forebodings of the brother government of Shule "did prosper exceed- of Jared that the establishment of a monarchy ingly and waxed great." After a time Cohor would lead to trouble, bloodshed and cap- commenced war with Shule, in which he was tivity. When Corihor was thirty-two years deservedly unsuccessful, and in the conflict old he rebelled against his father, and went which ensued, he was slain. Cohor was suc- from Moron and established himself in the ceeded by his son Nimrod, who, apparently land of Nehor. There he drew many to him; deeming Shule the rightful monarch of the when strong enough he invaded the land of whole country, gave up his kingdom to him Moron, took the king, his father, captive and thus once again uniting the entire Jaredite reigned in his stead. Kib remained in people in one nation, under one king. For captivity many years, but during that time he this act and for his faithful allegiance, Nim- had born to him a son, whom he named rod found favor in the eyes of Shule, and he Shule. When Shule grew to manhood he had authority given him to do "according to became mighty in judgment and bodily his desires" in the latter's kingdom. strength, and being angry with his brother, Though the Jaredites were highly prospered Corihor, for rebelling against their father, he at this time, they gave way to idolatry and raisecf an army, armed them with swords grew hard in their hearts. This condition made by himself, gave battle to his brother at was no doubt intensified by the bad example a city named Nehor, defeated the latter's of the reigning family and the miseries and forces and restored their father to the throne. cruelties of the wars which their quarrels Kib, being very aged, placed the sovereign brought about. During Shule's days the power in the hands of Shule who reigned in Lord sent many prophets to this people, who righteousness and extended the borders of his warned them of His impending judgments. growing people in all directions. Corihor, For a time these prophets were rejected and repentant of his former treason, received reviled. But the king made a law that the many favors from Shule and was placed in prophets should have free access wherever high power in the nation, the trusts whereof they wished to go, and further decreed a pun- he faithfully performed. But as he had re- ishment for all those who persecuted and re- belled against his father in his early days, so viled them. The preaching of these holy in like manner one of his sons, named Noah, men eventually brought the Jaredites to re- rebelled against him and against the king, pentance, and because of their penitence the and in this rebellion drew away all his Lord spared them and turned away His judg- brothers. At first, Noah was successful. He ments, and the people prospered again. In obtained possession of the land of Moron, his old age Shule begat Omer, who succeeded and reigned king in that region of Central him on the throne. Shule's days were full of America. Again he attacked Shule, and this trouble and sorrow, but he reigned in right- time took him prisoner, carrying him captive eousness, was faithful to the Lord, and exe- to Moron, with the intention of putting him cuted judgment in justice towards his sub- to death. But before he had carried out his jects. bloodthirsty design, his cousins, the sons of George Reviu'hh. — — :

318 THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR.

STEP BY STEP. On one occasion, Mr. Francis Baring, a partner in the great London house of the matter whether the steps be " one hun- NO Barings, being on a visit to this country, or less, or more, the dred and eighty," called at Mr. Girard's counting-room. He attain eminence in the safe rule for a boy to was told that he must seek the merchant at same. Said a father to world is always the his farm, near the city. that he his young son, who was complaining Thither Mr. Baring drove, and found a to begin with, and shrinking had nothing small low-set man, coatless, vestless, and with position of errand-boy in a from the "low" his shirt-sleeves rolled up, loading hay on a store, wagon. "Were you with me last summer, when we "Have I the pleasure of speaking to Mr. visited Baltimore and went up to the top of Girard?" said the visitor. "I am Mr. Washington's monument?" Francis Baring." " father; you recollect we all went up, Yes, "So, so! Then you are the son of the little Fred was so tired he could hardly and man that got married here?" remarked Gir- gain the top." rard, referring to the fact that the elder Bar- you recollect how we ascended? "Do ing had married a Philadelphia lady. Were we lifted up from the street by an eleva- "Well, I am glad to see you, but I've no tor?" time to talk with you. It's harvest-time, and "No, father. Don't you remember that a I am very busy. Won't you walk around man let us in by the door, and we went up by and look at my cows? Get some of my the winding steps? We had no light only folks to give you a glass of milk, for you that of a smoky lantern, and it was a long can't get such milk in Philadelphia." time before reached the top." we Mr. Baring complied with the blunt invi- "And we got up at last," said his father, tation. He was amused rather than ofTefided, "after patiently stepping one hundred and at the eccentric reception extended by the eighty times, one after the other; and were richest merchant in Philadelphia to one of not repaid at the top with the magnifi- we the heads of the largest banking houses of cent view which we enjoyed?" London. "It was perfectly grand!" said Thomas. "Now, Thomas, as you ascended that BURNS" SENSIBILITY. monument, so you must rise in business. You are now standing on the lower steps, AN anecdote of the poet who made Scot- you are on the steps, —and there is nothing land famous in song suggests how largely to hinder you, if your health is good, from the poetic temperament is made up of im- standing on the top." agination and sensibilty. Robert Burns, being on a visit to Edinburgh, was invited to ROUGH. the house of Dr. Ferguson, where he met the most brilliant literary society of the city. At STEPHEN GIR.\RD, the rich merchant of first. Burns seemed little inclined to mingle Philadelphia, who founded Girard College, with the other guests. He walked about the I began life as a common sailor. Notwith- room, looking at the pictures on the walls. standing his ability in money-making, he was Suddenly, his attention was arrested by a so illiterate as to be scarcely able to write his print, representing a soldier lying dead on own name. Even when his success had the snow, his dog sitting in misery on one ranked him as one of the richest merchants side—on the other his mourning widow with in the country, his manners savored more of a child in her arms. Underneath were these the forecastle than of the counting-room. lines — —

XHE5 JUVENILvB INSTRUCTOR. 31©

"Cold on Canadian hills, or Minden's plain, rest. "Do look, mother. Isn't she funny? Perhaps that parent wept her soldier slain, Did you ever see such a sight?" Bent o'er her babe, her eyes dissolved in dew The mother glanced delicately and turned The big drops mingling with the milk he draw; Gave the sad presage of his future years, her eyes. "Poor lady," she said. The child of misery baptized in tears." He was silent, considering.

"If I hadn't you," she went on, "and The poet began reading aloud the lines, had lost all my money, and grieved over all 1 but, before getting to the end, his voice had lost, in money and friends, till my mind faltered, and his big black eyes filled with was touched, and I lived alone among queer tears. His imagination made the scene so people, I might look just like that woman. real to him that his quick sympathy was ex- She must have been very good looking when cited. Turning to the company, and point- she was young." ing to the picture, he asked, The boy's mouth twitched, as he turned "Can any one tell me who wrote those his gaze from the poverty piece, as some of lines?" the girls called her, to his pleasant mother, For a minute or two no one answered; then and, as the old lady went prowling about, a pale, lame boy, the friend of the son of the looking for something, a light step was at her host, said, in a negligent manner, "They'er side, a cap raised, and a kindly, boyish voice written by one Langhornd." asked: "Can I do anything for you, madam?" To another question, the boy replied that " I was looking for some place to buy some they would be found in a poem entitled "The checkermints," said the old soul, nodding Country Justice." "Thank you, "said Burns, carelessly and blinking with weak eyes. "I looking at the boy earnestly. "You'll be a like checkermints if they're Boston bought, man yet, sir." but I don't seem to see any, and there used The boy was young Walter Scott, then to be a boy with a basket come round in the unknown to fame. Fitchburg depot, and I thought maybe I could find him here." A MOTHER AND HER BOY. "Shall I get you some at the fruit stall?" said the boy, politely, to her, but with flashing THE mother and boy were waiting for the glance at the giggling girls, which somehow train in the Albany station, when the did not make them feel proud of themselves. dullness was broken by a funny figure of an Then the mother watched her boy lead the old woman, in rusty gown, a catskin muff old woman to the candy stall and stand by and tippet, and a black bonnet made of as her courteously, pointing out this and sug- many odds and ends as a magpie's nest and gesting the other, till she made her fumbling her false front askew. She kept chewing on purchases, and escort her across the hurrying nothing, working her umbrella, and opening passage to her seat in the train, out of his and shutting the other hand in its black glove own compassionate young heart. in the aimless way of old people- "My dear boy!" was all she said as he

The high-school girls began to titter and came back to her, but it was breathed in a make jokes to each other, watching the old voice of music, and she looked most happy. lady far too openly for good manners, or any The boy stood close to his mother, thought-

manners at all. fully, one hand just striving to caress her. The young lady in the smart tailor suit who Their train called, he picked up her parcels gives readings at Sunday school concerts and marched protectingly by her. smiled back at them and studied the old crea- "You have a boy, mother, who will take ture with a satiric eye. care of you," he said, lifting his eyes to hers The boy began to laugh quietly with the at the gate. 320 THE JUVENILE; I^PSTRUCXOR.

ALL IS WELL THAT ENDS WELL. reaching from ceiling to floor, with its im- mense pendulum, ticking away the time WHERE the North Sea dashes its foaming loudly. But the main feature of the room billows against the coast of Jydland, was the bed, which filled almost half of the lies, not far inland, a small town called Borb- room. It was a huge, clumsy affair, around jerg, and on its northern outskirt stood some which some striped, heavy gingham curtains twenty years ago a low straw thatched cottage of a dark hue were drawn, only displaying its belonging to Elsie Risdal, an elderly woman, mountain of feather beds when Mother Elsie a widow with an only child, a son. She had proudly parted the curtains and fondly stroked all her life lived at Borbjerg, and had never the fat pillows or tugged at the linen that you been many miles beyond it, had, as she her- might see the big, bold initials, one on each self said, never been farther from home than side of the center seam. that she could always see the smoke of her On the brick floor, strewn with clean sand, own chimney. And as her sphere was nar- sat the cat, near its mistress, purring content- now, so were her views and ideas generally. edly, while a big, fat hen stalked about, There was but one inscance in which they closely inspecting and picking at everything were broad, almost unlimited, in her faith in within its reach. Mother Elsie's wheel kept the goodness and superior qualities of her son running and the clock kept ticking and the Tristan. "Tristan's way up above the com- old lady began to cast distrustful glances in mon run of boys," she would say to her cro- the direction of the hearth, wondering if the nies, the old village women, who were gener- coffee pot would get to a boil with that fire, ally treated to a statement of Tristan's per- when there was a tug at the lower half of the fections when they came for a chat and to sift door and several successive sniffs and sundry the latest news, which were generally pretty impatient grunts, which made her rise and stale when they reached their village. go to the door.

On one particular day many years ago. "It's you, is it, old grunter?" she said Mother Elsie, as she was called, sat treading kindly as she opened the door and let in a her wheel at great speed, off and on viewing tolerably good-sized pig, which immediately with much satisfaction the accumulating balls took possession of the floor to the exclusion of yarn in the basket at her side. Mother of the hen and the cat, who both betook Elsie was upwards of sixty years, with a face themselves to the long bench, while the pig, in which one could trace remains of former after having sniffed at everything near the comeliness in spite of the seams and scars floor, at last rolled itself contentedly in a time and trouble had left. heap before the fire. The general aspect of the room in which Then there was another knock at the door, she sat, which served as parlor, eating room and in came an old lady dressed like Mother and bed room, was cleanliness, although it Elsie, in homespun dress that reached to the might not have bore a very thorough inspec- ankles, a shawl tied three corner ways over tion. The furniture was clumsy and old, but her shoulders and another tied tightly around not without a certain picturesqueness about it; her head, almost entirely hiding her gray the long, bare table in front of the two win- hair. dows, as well as the heavy bench that ran "Good afternoon, Elsie," said the guest as nearly the length of the wall under the win- she shook off her clogs on the door mat and dows, were as white as sand and straw could came to the fire. make them. On the worm-eaten dresser stood "Good afternoon," said Mother Elsie, with- the cups and saucers arranged in straight out looking up. rows. In the corner between the window and "How goes it? " began the stranger again. dresser stood the large "grandfather's clock" "How goes it!" repeated Mother Elsie " ;

THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR. 321

testily. "How has it always gone, Birgithe greatness and learning next to the pastor him- Niel? With work and worry from morning self, and the pastor was a very great man in till night, scant food and little sleep; such those parts. Mother Elsie therefore said has been my lot always. You can throw in a nothing, but was nearly boiling over with twig or two," as the other tried to rake to- rage at the talkative Birgithe, who at other gether the embers on the hearth. times was her bosom friend.

"You are put out, Elsie; what's gone And Birgithe perceiving her conquest, con- wrong? Anything in the way with Tristan?" tinued :

"With Tristan? No. What should be "It's a brand new sect, with apostles and " wrong with him? disciples and prophets. Johan Swergel, the "I didn't know. I thought maybe—may cobbler, is one o' the apostles, and I shouldn't wonder if be—you have let this go down too low, Elsie Tristan would be chosen prophet —I can't make—anything—there!" She one o' these days." got up from her kneeling position, where she "Now, look ye here, Birgithe," interrupted had been trying to blow the dying embers Mother Elsie, who couldn't sit quietly by and into flame without succeeding, and reached have her Tristan ridiculed in this manner for a match. "you've always had plenty o' gab and you

"If you can't make that coffee pot boil can't say but I've humored you in listenin' without wastin' o' matches,] you needn't do all my life, but when it comes to makin' sport anything with it." o' my own chile, I shan't sit by and shut my mouth. Now, you can't take yourself away the mention of coffee and seeing a pos- At " none too quick to suit me ! sibility of getting a drop herself, the old lady " renewed her energy and blew from the full Now, now, Elsie Risdal, a good word force of her lungs again and soon had the sat- again, a good word again. I didn't mean isfaction of seeing the dry twigs take fire. anything out the way!" hastily exclaimed Birgithe with a frightened look in the direc- "What was it you was trying to insinervate, " tion of the coffee pot, which was now boiling Birgithe, about Tristan ? lustily. "You know I think almost as much "Oh, nothing partickler. I 'spose you o' Tristan as you do, an' I reckon I've proven know Tristan went to holy meetin' (a sort of that. Yes, I reckon when he lay low with scornful appellation among the peasants in the fever an' ague — Denmark for all religious gatherings except those in strict accordance with state church "So you have, so you have: I'll ne'er for- doctrines) last night?" get you that, Birgithe," and Mother Elsie,

"No, I didn't know that. What sort o' her anger greatly mollified at the recollection meetin' was that?" of Birgithe's kindness during her son's illness "You better ask Tristan; he knows more got up from her work and handed down two cups, a pitcher of thin a dish 'bout it than I; but I guess he'll keep pretty cream and with rock candy, which she placed at one end of tight 'bout that, and I guess he better ; there also ain't much good in it, I've hearn." the long table, where the coffee pot made

; Birgithe was " It ain't very bad I'll be bound, or Tristan its appearance very soon and wouldn't a been there," said Mother Elsie invited to come and partake of this their with a decisive pull at her yarn. nectar. " Well, Master Jonas (the village school And while the two cronies, once more on master) says it's the devil's own children, and the best of terms, sat sipping their weak cof-

I guess he knows." fee, indulging only in monosyllables about Now, the poor peasants generally stood in the extra goodness of the beverage and the no little awe of the school master, he was in outlook of the weather, the object of their -

322 THE JUVBNII.EJ INSTRUCTOR.

washed his hands^ before the multitude, saying, I am in- little spat made his appearance quite unex-

nocent of the blood of this just person : see ye to it. pectedly and stood looking at the two from 25. Then answered all the people, and said, his blood the door. Sophy Valentine. be onus, and on our children.^ [TO BE CONTINUED.] 26. Then released he Barabbas unto them: and when he had scourged Jesus,'" he delivered him to be crucified.

'Matt, 20: 19. I. Nephi 11: 32. -Matt. 26: 63. DESERET SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 'Mark 15: 6. Luke 23: i7. John 18: 39. -iProv. 27:

I. Peter 2: 22: LEAFLETS. 4. Eccles. 4 : 4. "Isaiah 53: 11. 1. John 2: I. ''Acts 3: 14. '11. Nephi 10: 3,4.

Matt, 21: 38. *Deut. 21: 6. 9jVI,j^tt. 21: 44. Deut. Lesson XXVIL— Christ Before Pilate. 19: 10. Acts 5: 28. I. Nephi 19: 13. II. Nephi 10.

6, 7. '"Isaiah 53: 5. Luke 18: 33. Mosiah 3: 9.

I Nephi 19: 9. Place—Jerusalem. Age of Christ—33 years.

Text—Matthew 27 : 1-26. LESSON STATEMENT.

On the morning following the trial of I. When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to Christ before the high priest and the council, put him to death : He was bound and taken before Pontius Pi- 2 And when they had bound him, they led him away late, the Roman governor. Pilate questioned and delivered him to Pontius Pilate the governor.^ * * « * » * Christ, and found nothing to justify the ac-

II. And Jesus stood before the governor: and the tions of the people against Him ; and he governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the knew that the people had brought Jesus to Jews? And Jesus said unto him. Thou sayest. him through envy. When the governor had 12. And when he was accused of the chief prieots and taken his place on the judgment seat, his wife elders, he answered nothing.

13. Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how sent unto him, saying that she had had a many things they witness against thee ? dream about Jesus, and knew He was a just And he answered him to never a word; insomuch 14. man, and warning Pilate against treating that the governor marveled greatly. Him in a harsh manner. Luke tells us {Luke 15. Now at that feast the governor was wont to re- lease unto the people a prisoner, whom they would.' 2j: 7.) that Pilate, learning that Jesus came 16. And they had then a notable prisoner, called from Galilee, sent Him to Herod, the chief Barabbas, officer of that province, who was at that time 17. Therefore when they were gathered together, in Jerusalem; but Herod and his officers, after Pilate said unto them. Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas or Jesus which is called Christ? ridiculing and insulting Jesus, sent Him again 18. For he knew that for envy they had delivered to Pilate. But even now Pilate was unwilling him.* to grant the impious wishes of the people, so 19. When he was set down on the judgment seat, his he reminded them that it was then about the wife sent unto him, saying. Have thou nothing to do with that justman:* for I have suffered many things this day in time of the feast of the Passover, and it was a dream because of him. the custom to release unto them a prisoner on 20. But the chief priests and elders persuaded the such occasions. There was at that time a multitude that they should ask Barabbas, and destroy noted prisoner in custody, one Barabbas, Jesus.' 21. The governor answered and said unto them, charged with robbery, sedition, and murder; Whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you? and in their wicked rage, the people clam- They said, Barabbas. ored that Barabbas should be released unto 22. Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with them and Jesus be crucified. Pilate asked Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him. Let him be crucified. them what Jesus had done that He should be 23. And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he killed, but the people only cried the louder, done? But they cried out the more, saying, Let him be " "Crucify Him ! Then the governor took a crucified.' vessel of water and washed his hands before 24. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and them all, as a sign that he would not be re- — —

THE JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR. 323

sponsible for Christ's death; but the multi- Him worthy of death? 3. What office did tude shouted, "His blood be upon us and on Pilate hold? 4. What did he say to Jesus? our children." Pilate then yielded to their 5. What did Jesus answer? 6. To whom did

sinful demands, and after scourging Jesus, Pilate send Jesus? 7. What did Herod do delivered Him up to be crucified. concerning Him? 8. What message was NOTES. brought while Pilate sat on the judgment seat? 9. What did he say to the multitude Governor.—The title given to the chief officer of the about releasing a prisoner unto them? 10. Roman government resident in the provinces of the

Jews ; sometimes officially known as the Procurator- Whom did they ask to have released? 11. Pontius Pilate was the holder of this office during the What do you know about this Barabbas? 12. time of Christ's ministry. When Pilate asked the people what they would Scourging.—A mode of punishment common in an- have him do with Jesus, what did they answer cient times. It consisted in the infliction of blows with a him? 13. What did Pilate then do before stick, a cord, or a whip. Persons condemned to death were often severely scourged before the execution of the them? 14. What did he mean by washing fatal sentence. his hands? 15. What did the people cry out

Washing of Hands.—When done formally in pub- about the blood of Christ? 16. What then lic capacity, was a sign of relusal to assume any respon- did Pilate do? sibility in the proceedings then present. (See Dcut. ii: 6); the elders of the cities in the early times were to wash ILLUSTRATIVE PASSAGES. their hands when a murder had been committed, provid- Christ a Just Man.—For even hereunto were ye ing they had no knowledge as to the perpetrators. called: because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an WHAT WE MAY LEARN FROM THIS LESSON. example, that ye should follow his steps: Who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth; I. Tlmt Christ's own people, the Jews, Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again; when he suffered, he threatened not; but committed himself to were eager for His death. 2. That Pilate, him whojudgeth righteously. — /. Peter 2: 21—23. the Roman governor, was unwilling to grant My littles children, these things write I unto you, that their wicked demands. Pilate en- 3. That ye sin not. And if any man sin, we have an advocate deavored to dissuade the people from demand- with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous. — /. Johti

2: I. ing the death of Christ. 4. That the chief But ye denied the Holy One and the Just, and desired priests and elders, who should have been a murderer be granted unto you. Acts j: 14. righteous teachers unto the people, used their And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, influence to cause the multitude to demand that thou shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest hear the voice of his mouth.— ^c/i 22: 14. that Jesus be put to death. 5. That Pilate formally declared Christ to be innocent of the crime charged against Him. 6. That the LIFE. governor refused to be responsible for the ter- rible deed of killing Christ. 7. That he or- Life is a folded flower, and what it holds dered Jesus to be crucified in opposition to We know not, till unwinding leaf by leaf. It shows God's secrets hidden in it folds. his better judgment, to prevent a tumult And bares its fragrant heart to vision brief among the people and to preserve his popu- For when its beauty and significance larity and position; thus showing the weak- Upon our earth-dulled senses break at last,

to its dust the flower turns perchance ness of his character in condemning the in- Back ; Ere we have learned its meaning, life is past. nocent for personal gain.

QUESTIONS ON THE LESSON. A WHALE which was captured in the Artie

I. After Christ had been tried by the Jew- Ocean recently was found to have a harpoon ish council, before whom was He taken ? 2. in his body which belonged to a whaling ves- Why did the chief priests and elders take Him sel which had been out of service for more to Pilate when they had already declared than fifty years. 324 the; juvenile instructor.

the carrots and apples which had been thrown in for his food. Besides this, he plastered the whole with THE WISE BEAVER. snow, which froze during the night;

and next morning it was found that You have often heard of the he had built a wall of considerable wonderful way in which beavers in height, which perfectly answered his America construct their habitations purpose. and dams. They seem, however, in Make the best of the means at these operations, to be influenced by your disposal, as well as ofyour talents. instinct rather than reason.

I will tell you of a beaver which lived in captivity in France. To supply him with nourishment, all sorts of things—fruits, vegetables, and small branches of trees — were thrown to him. His keepers, know- ing that he came from a cold climate, bestowed lit- tle care, however, in keep- ing him warm. Winter coming on, one night large flakes of snow were driven by the wind into a corner of his cage. The poor beaver, who, in his own country, forms a remark- ably warm house for him- self, almost perished with cold. If man would not BEAVERS AT WORK. help him, he must try and help him- Young men talk of trusting to the self to build a cell which would shelter spur of the occasion. That trust is him from the icy blast. The materials vain. Occasions cannot make spurs. at his disposal were the branches of If you expect to make spurs you trees given him to gnaw. These he must win them. If you wish to use interwove between the bars of his them you must buckle them to your cage, filling up the interstices with own heels before you go into the fight. THE JUVBlMli^E INSTRUCTOR. 325

FjRi.IBLE.S. Moral.—No person in the world THE LION AND THE MOUSE. is so little but even the greatest may some time or other stand in need of A LION, faint with heat and weary his assistance, and consequently it is with hunting, lay down to take his good to use mercy where there repose under the spreading boughs is room for it towards those who fall of a thick shady oak. It happened within our power. that while he slept a company of scrambling mice ran over his back

and waked him ; upon which, start- THE HARES AND THE FROGS. ing up, he clapped his paw upon one of them, and was just going to put During a great storm of wind that it to death, when the little suppliant blew among the trees and bushes. implored his mercy in a very moving manner, begging him not to stain his noble character with the blood of so despic- able and small a beast. The lion considering the matter, thought proper to do as he was desired, and immediately releas- ed his little trembling prisoner. Not long after, traversing the for- est in pursuit of his prey, the lion chanced to run into the toils of the hunters, from whence, not being and made a rustling with the leaves, able to disengage himself he set up the hares in a certain park, where a most hideous and loud roar. The there happened to be plenty of them, mouse, hearing the voice and know- were so terribly frightened that they it to be the lion's, immediately ran ran all over the place, resolving to to the place and bade him fear noth- seek out some retreat of greater se- ing, for that he was his friend. Then curity, or to end their unhappy days straightway he fell to work, and with by doing violence to themselves. his little sharp teeth, gnawing asun- With this resolution, they found an der the knots and fastenings of the outlet where a pale had been broken toils, set the royal brute at liberty. down : and bolting forth upon an 326 THE JUVEXILE INSTRUCTOR.

adjoining common, had not run far intents and purposes, feeding them before their course was stopped by when they were old, and, as occasion that of a gentle brook, which glided required, carrying them from place across the way they intended to take. to place on his back. "All this may This was so grievous a disappoint- be true," replied the husbandman;

ment that they were not able to bear "but as I have taken you in bad

it, and they determined to throw company and in the same crime, you themselves headlong into the water, must expect to suffer the same pun- come what would, rather than lead a ishment." life so full of dangers and crosses. Moral.—If bad company had noth-

But upon their coming to the brink ing else to make us avoid it, this

of the river, a number of frogs which might be sufficient, that it infects were sitting there, frightened at their and taints a man's reputation to as

approach, leaped into the stream in great a degree as if he were thor- great confusion, and dived to the very oughly versed in the wickedness of bottom for fear; which a cunning old the whole gang." puss observing, called to the rest, and said, "Hold! have a care what you

do. Here are other creatures, I per- THE COLLIER AND THE FULLER. ceive, which have their fears as well as we; don't, then, let us fancy our- The collier and the fuller being selves the most miserable of any up- old acquaintances, happened once on earth, but rather, by their exam- upon a time to meet together ; and ple, learn to bear patiently those the latter being ill provided with a inconveniences which nature has dwelling, was invited by the former thrown upon us." to come and live in the same house with him. "I thank you, my dear THE HUSBANDMAN AND THE STORK. friend," replies the fuller, "for your

kind offer, but it cannot be ; for if I

The husbandman pitched a net in were to dwell with you, whatever I his fields to take the cranes and the should take pains to scour and make geese which came to feed upon the clean in the morning, the dust ot new sown corn. Accordingly, he you and your coals would blacken took several, both cranes and geese, and defile as badly as ever before and among them a stork, who plead- night." ed hard for his life, and among other Moral.—It is of no small im- apologies which he made, alleged portance in life to be cautious what that he was neither goose nor crane, company we keep, and with whom but a poor, harmless stork, who per- we enter into friendship ; for though

ormed his duty to his parents to all we are ever so well-disposed our- ; *

XHE5 JUVENILE) INSTRUCTOR. 327

selves, and happen to be ever so free let it fall into the water. By this

from vice, yet, if those with whom means the ant saved herself and got we frequently converse are engaged ashore. Not long after, a fowler

in a wicked course, it will be almost having a design upon the dove plant- impossible for us to escape being ed his net in due order, without the drawn in with them. bird's observing what he was about. The ant noticed this. Just as he THE DOVE AND THE ANT. was going to carry out his plan she bit him by the heel, and made him The ant, compelled by thirst, went give so sudden a start that the dove to drink in a clear purling rivulet took the alarm and flew away. but the current with its circling eddy Moi^al. —One good turn deserves snatched her away, and carried her another ; and gratitude is excited by down the stream. The dove, pitying so noble and natural a spirit, that he her distressed condition, cropped a ought to be looked upon as the vilest branch from a neighboring tree and of creatures who has no sense of it.

THE VIOLET. Key D Duet. Music by D. D. E. Jones.

i 3!i^li^l

d Im s s 1 Is -M S d' 1 IS : I It 1 If

d Id m f tn -.d Im m s f Ir f |tn : d j I 1. Down in the green and sha - dy bed, A mod - est vio let grew, Its 2. But there it was con - tent to grow. In mod - est tint ar - rayed, And

-j^z i ^— — m : s s : 1 IS : -.m S d' S 1 fe : I s - d : PI m : f :-.d t, : I U n d 1, ti : t,d I stalk was bent, it hung its head. As if to hide from view, And there dif - fuse a sweet per-fume, With-in its si - lent shade. Then

~Iz eS

s Id' f s

m m d r tn \\ } yet a love - ly flower, Its col - ors bright and fair, It let us to this val - ley go. This pret - ty flower to see. That

z=i—t- i — s d' : 1 f : r d : -n I — -.d m m : f r : t| d : I might have grac'd a ro - sy bow'r, In - stead of hid - ing there, we may al - ways learn to grow, In sweet hu - mil - i - ty.

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