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Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. in mMi2020 Mai im Wien, ro fCnetfrteEtariayVolitan Extraordinary the for Concept of Proof A ntttfrFrcugbrihMshnnaifrai n itel Produktentwicklung Virtuelle und Maschinenbauinformatik Forschungsbereich für Institut igrih ndrT in auttfrMshnnee n Betriebswissenschaften und Maschinenwesen für Fakultät Wien, TU der an eingereicht ugfhtzmZek e ragn e kdmshnGrades akademischen des Erlangung der Zwecke zum ausgeführt oa n idPwrdBas- Boats Powered Wind and Solar ..Ui.Po.Dp.Ig r eh.MnrdGrafinger Manfred techn. Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Univ.-Prof. a.O. arklumr 00929204 Matrikelnummer: Diplomarbeit ie Diplom-Ingenieurs eines ne e etn von Leitung der unter ecyASLAN Gencay itrti 8/7 Mittersteig Yacht 00Wien 1050 von Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ecntdrc h id u ecnajs h sails. the adjust can we but wind, the direct can’t We ipiiyi h liaesophistication. ultimate the is Simplicity enrod Vinci da Leonardo ARISTOTLE Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. n ybohrMlhAlnfrtercniuu upr nmn set.M ieis life My aspects. many you. in Thank support them. continuous Aslan, with their Gonul beautiful mother for my more Aslan to Melih gratitude brother profound very my my and express to of like University would I Vienna Finally, Metin, the more. Oguzhan many at few, and a colleagues Yilmaz name Birkan university to Galic, my Just Ivo study. Besic, all my Mahir color thank during to assistance to me their want helped for Technology friends I many Vienna, life. in degree my master’s to and bachelor’s thesis my this During allowed he also but direction needed right work. I the own When in my me. be me for steered open always he of was University guidance, Grafinger Vienna some Prof. Institute at of Development the door of Product office Grafinger The and Technology. Manfred Design Engineering Prof.Dr. of supervisor Institute thesis my for thank to like would I Acknowledgements ii Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. CAE-CFD-Modelling 2 Introduction 1 Abstract Kurzfassung Contents . rttp hpulig...... 46 ...... 40 ...... 37 ...... Shipbuilding . Prototype . . . . 2.3 ...... dynamics) . fluid (Computational . CFD . . 2.2 . . . . . engineering) (Computer-aided CAE 2.1 . betv 33 ...... 30 ...... 12 ...... Concept-Volitan . Objective 3 Boat . Powered Wind . 1.4 and . Solar . . . 1.3 ...... Boats Powered . Wind . of Overview . An . . 1.2 ...... Boats Powered Solar of Overview An 1.1 .. oe-hpEtaoain...... 47 . . . . . 44 ...... 38 ...... 42 . . . . . 38 Extrapolation . . Model-Ship ...... 2.3.1 ...... Simulation) . . Eddy . (Large . . LES . . . equations . Navier-Stokes) . 2.2.2 (Reynolds-Averaged . RANS . . . . . 2.2.1 . . . . Optimization Workbench-Topology . ANSYS . 2.1.2 Analysis CATIA 2.1.1 .. tutr fteSldWns...... 19 24 12 ...... 4 . . . . . 6 ...... 8 ...... Boats . . Powered . . . . Wind . . . of . . . Examples . . . Wings . Solid . . . the . . 1.2.3 . of . . Structure . . . Loads . . . Wind . 1.2.2 . of . Mechanics ...... 1.2.1 . . . Boats . Powered . Solar . . of . Examples . . . . . 1.1.3 Technology Battery . . 1.1.2 Power Solar 1.1.1 iii vii 36 v 1 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ito Tables of List Figures of List Bibliography Symbols of List Conclusions 4 50 Design Yacht Volitan the of Analysis 3 . AI 5Aayi fteDsg 63 ...... 58 ...... Design . the of . Analysis . V5 CATIA . . 3.3 . . . . . Optimization Topology ANSYS 51 3.2 . . . . Disadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 3.1 .. asMmn fIetao h oia 80 . 78 . . . 75 . 70 ...... 72 ...... 67 ...... Volitan . . . the . . . . of . . . Inertia . . . of . . Moment . . . Wing . Mass . . Lower . . the . . . of 61 . 3.3.6 . Structure . . Wing Internal . . Upper . the . . of 60 . Shoulder 3.3.5 . Structure . the . Internal . . to . Wing . . Lower . . 3.3.4 the . . 56 . . Joining Should . . . to . Disc . . Disc 3.3.3 the the 54 . . . Joining to . . . Wing Upper . . . 3.3.2 the . . . . Joining ...... 3.3.1 . . . . Wings . . . Upper 52 of . . . Optimization . . . Topology Wings . . Lower . of . . 3.2.2 Optimization . . . Topology ...... 3.2.1 . . Wings . . Upper . on . Aspects . Mechanical Wings . Lower . on Inertia 3.1.3 Aspects of Mechanical Moment Area, of 3.1.2 Momentum Second 3.1.1 .. inaMdlBsnLD...... 48 ...... LTD Basin Model Vienna 2.3.2 iv ContentsContents 87 82 92 85 95 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. oi atsh ot n rnpr oi e re o wr 08i e Kategorie der in 2008 Award Dot Green den sowie Kate- Transport der und hat in Boote Verlängerungsarmen, 2007 Nautische Award zwei gorie Design International und den Wingsails darunter gewonnen, zwei Segelboot Preise x-förmige Wings, zahlreiche Das futuristischen halten. vier zu den Bootes mit des die Seite darin, jeder besteht auch auf Hauptaufgabe hat Ihre 200-HP-Elektromotoren Volitan-Design Son- Segeln. Das können soliden den und umwandeln. unter Winkel Elektrizität Verlängerungsarme zwei besten in den Solarpanel sie dem drehen, erhalten mit und Dadurch nenlicht neigen Seiten sich einzufangen. beiden können Wind auf Segel den soliden Oberflächen um Die deren sind. Wingsails, 32 bedeckt angewen- zwei luxuriöse Sonnenkollektoren hat habe, eine mit ist Sie behandelt Es Segelyacht. Arbeit analysieren. lange dieser zu Volitan-Yacht-Designs Meter in des ich Teile einige die um Aspekte, det, alle ich habe Schließlich Engineer- Aided diese Computer untersuchte und ANSYS-Software. Absicht und Design dieser CATIA- Aided Mit wie Computer ing für führen. Software richtige die zu die auch Start in Studie Investoren effektiven die einen um für aufgezeigt, Bereich Richtung diesem En- zur in Möglichkeiten Designs die werden eines Aspekte twicklung ver- der Nach von Erläuterung prägnanten erklären. anhand und zu Konzepts klaren Batterietechnologie Zeichnungen einer des verschiedenen und und Strukturen Konzepte Solar- und der der Mechanik Beispielen der auch ständlichen Aspekt Design, den Yacht Volitan es, ist von Arbeit dieser Ziel Das Kohlenstoffemissionen. der Problems und des Boot- Lösung Logistik windbetriebene der für und bei Öko-Innovationen solar- einfallsreich Das ist von skonzept zu. Bedeutung Erwärmung globalen die der nimmt aufgrund Transport Jahrhundert 21. Im Kurzfassung v Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ndrMseabi ne i ie nwr e amnuddroee n unteren und oberen der und Rahmen der Entwurf einen verbinden,Wings. Sie zu finden Yacht Masterarbeit der der mit In Wings die wie untersucht. Teile werden durchgeführt. zusätzlichen ANSYS und die CATIA Möglichkeiten, in Die werden Yacht-Designs Volitan des die Analysen Die Verbindungen für der werden Darstellung Lagerkonstruktionen die vier erstellt. für und 2D-Zeichnungen entworfen und CATIA heruntergeladen in Analysen sind erläutert. Teile kurz wird 55 Modellversuchsmessungen Die den bei vorgestellt Extrapolation wird die LTD Basin und Model Vienna Soft- im Schiffbau einige den und für Prototyp-Testverfahren erwähnt Das werden sind, nützlich eines empfohlen. Bootsdesign wareprogramme Analysieren und und Schiffs- Entwerfen im zum die Produkts Engineering, im Berechnungsmethoden erklärt. Die und definiert wird Flügel Yacht-Design soliden Volitan der Das Struktur die und geteilt. Windlasten werden von Mechanik die über Informationen definiert Beispiele vorhandener anhand erläutert. wird und Bootes windbetriebenen des geteilt. Konzept werden Das Batterietechnologie und Solarenergie und über Informationen definiert Beispiele anschaulicher anhand erläutert. wird folgenden Die Bootskonzept erläutert. solarbetriebene wurden. genauer Das gewonnen Studie Masterarbeit dieser der in Forschungsergebnisse werden Zuge vorhandenen Aspekte im die bereits Ergebnisse, wichtigsten die die sowie enthält Liste folgende verbinden. Die zu Yacht-Hauptrumpf dem vier mit die Wings untersucht für die Rahmenstrukturen Studie Möglichkeiten, möglichen Diese die die und sowie Wings produziert. Designs nicht des Nachteile noch und Design Vor- die das wurde Leider Transport. vi ContentsContents Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h osbefaesrcue o h xesosadtepsil ast onthem join to ways possible the and extensions 4 analyzing the as well for as structures design frame the possible of This the disadvantages and yet. advantages produced the been investigates 2008 not Awards has study Dot design wings, the Green futuristic motors Design Unfortunately, Category, International Category. four Transportation electric Transportation as these and in such HP Boats with awards 200 Nautical of boat in lots the sailing won 2007 holding Awards X-shape arms, extension This is two task and boat. wingsails main the two Their of convert side extension to The two each sails. angle has on best solid also sides. the design the Volitan get both The under and on panel. wind arms panels solar design. the the catch yacht solar with to sailing electricity by rotate into concept covered and sunlight long shift surfaces meters tilt, their can 32 sails and luxury solid a wingsails is two It has design, yacht It thesis. sailing Volitan this the in of parts covered specific are some analyze to aspects, the all Finally, intention, this software. given With ANSYS Computer-aided are and and start. CATIA field Design effective as Computer-aided this such an for aspects software Engineering in for the the direction design also right explaining examined a the study After develop this in to investors the ways understand. the of lead along to possible structures to concepts the easy and the succinctly, are mechanics of and which of examples clearly drawings, aspect good of the with lots explain battery-technology with and to solar- is also thesis wings, this is of concept goal boat The emissions. wind-powered carbon and of problem solar the The solve transportation to and efforts warming. in logistics ingenuity global for eco-innovation of of because importance increases the century, 21st the In Abstract vii Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h rm fteupradlwrwnsaedesigned. ex- are are wings yacht lower the and to upper wings the the of frame as The such parts additional ANSYS. and the CATIA amined. the join in to for made ways downloaded are joints. possible design the are yacht The of Volitan designs presentation the bearing the of for 4 analyses created The and are CATIA drawings in 2D and designed analyses are parts explained. extrap- briefly the 55 is and The measurements introduced test is LTD model Basin of Model olation Vienna in are shipbuilding recommendations prototype software The a some analysis and mentioned, and are design design made. to boat useful & are ship which in product engineering, in methods explained. computational is and The wings defined is solid Design the Yacht of Volitan structure The the and loads wind exist. shared. of that mechanics examples good the with about explained Information and defined shared. is is concept boat technology wind-powered battery exist. The that and examples power good solar master with about explained the and Information in defined presented is concept are boat that solar-powered The results and researches main thesis: the is list following The hull. main yacht the to viii ContentsContents Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h uoenCuclst h Uo oret ii lblwrigt 1.5 a to warming If global (EU). limit Union to course European on of EU agenda the the sets on Council topic European important the very the a of is Warming scared short- Global be the should see we We but issue. irritation this skin by as affected such effects. long-term also animals heart marine is stroke, on life fatal in effects Marina increased result term by pollution etc. caused cancer air year, lung of each disease, deaths effects premature the million Organization[2], 7 Health roughly World the which to fuel, According 50 polluting as highly gases use [1]. oxide ships sulfur sulfur cargo percent of because 3 amount around is has same It the For cars. emits and diesel-burning emissions. ship carbon logistics million cargo in for reduction large Eco-innovation achieve one to for function. role comparison, alternative to important good very oil the a a on For has as depended transportation industries. promising are all more which almost become systems, in has the the emissions stop energy to carbon renewable obligation of reason, main reduction same The the of concerns. is focuses change change central climate the climate the of of one because becoming century are 21st options travel sustainable of production The Introduction 1 Chapter teffrtebgMmsina twl eavr motn iso [3]. mission important very a be will commit it and as 2050 by mission neutrality big-M greenhouse-gas the to for us lead itself can that vision a present must 1 ◦ h EU the , Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. n nxesv e eils hs set aeteslradwn oee concept powered overall. wind options and best solar clean the the of performance, make one high aspects boats design These in to vehicles. development sailing us sea The dependent allows inexpensive emissions. and fuel material-science zero the fossil almost and of solar with technologies instead The boats the used eco-friendly fuel. be are fossil can These to Use alternatives boats vessels. of as globally. concept use developed powered importance being change, wind more are climate and gaining energies of wind is awareness and prob- energy growing solar the renewable solve of the and to of clean efforts Because in of ingenuity application dependency. an is oil concept of boat lem powered wind and solar The 2 Introduction Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h edo uptpwradteproeo h ot fw aeaP oee boat powered PV a have we If boat. the of purpose determine to the is and boat specific power a output for system of solar need suitable a the of selection the for In step first battery. The starter boat. the the of instead on battery devices motor electric the an for is starter there block-power the boats, a battery powered protects is PV supply the it there and yacht, so engine normal current the are a charging for On controllers battery the over-discharging. 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PV for modeled a in power ingoing 4 nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. uigasnydy fasalsetcmltl oesee nyoeo h el nthe 90%. in output cells power the panel’s of solar one example, entire only For the even reduce covers cell. panel. can completely solar it sheet solar electricity. illuminated panel, small across weakest to solar a series the if light day, in as sun sunny powerful other a the as each during convert is with which output. module connected cells, power entire boxes the solar The square losing of for black lot significant are a be They has can panels module solar solar the One on are shade which of [6]. surfaces, effect [5], the The sprayhood on The or also bimini and location. as hardtop, installation such the the boat or and the deck to panels The the added the additionally on fluctuation. of fixed type for rainy be module a compensate can the to to modules select day required to sunny always is a is step from battery last day used every large be solar change can a that can a therefore value weather day, average energy the an the However, gives calculation calculate practice. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ytmjs o ot,ta ol eoeo h etcocst u o lcrcbasin boats electric for buy to choices best the of battery one a be future. develop Tesla could they the with that If boats, boats [9]. for grow electric just to the potential system technology unlimited about has already their it is start-up thereby, which However, technology, and a Tesla’s engineered use is to conditions. planned There They boat technology. drive-train for fast. motors’ growing fit is perfect batteries the Tesla Perhaps, in yet Tesla batteries. subsection, of not future work this are the in would be But batteries could rating they [8]. hour because mentioned motor. amp be electric will 110 small-sized batteries a a with for fully problem battery any is 12-volt without it deep-cycle until standard battery life. good battery the A the using decrease know would all again charging we without should As we it Nevertheless, leaving charging. and recharged. of proper discharged then range of and good lack state its with discharged the market high-quality a avoid the The to in down choices batteries. best run the gel the to if the of ability problems for one cause is especially can battery valid, waves marine is cycle big This deep like sea suitable. the not of boat is conditions expect battery rough houses constantly The is for boat water. used a the since are cover, on which leak-proof and batteries, resistance supply vibration have as should batteries same as are batteries Boat Technology Battery 1.1.2 power the on impact big a intensity have the panels, in solar changes the The on energy. shining [7]. solar of the output is loss of which the most sunlight, reduce Therefore, the to module. of surface solar flat the of a out have performance modules best the get to cells, h ol oaodtedne fhaymtl n oi hmcl nthe earth. in the chemicals with toxic contact and in metals heavy get of battery danger is the It avoid around to all batteries. world programs recycling the dead battery of the disposal managing that proper important the very important [10]. how Europe know throughout all program We recycling battery the launch also They 6 nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An Li-ion 1.3: Recycling Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. el ilb etri h future. lithium-ion the the in and better batteries batteries lithium-ion be Tesla are will the They cells online [11]. find as can such we boats in which examples, some are There ml el el o etrrslsta te opne ihbge el [12]. many cells using bigger By with companies cell. other big other than one many results of are better instead There got Tesla cells cell. cells small individual small cylinder each many from between using canals directly effective, cooling of heat the advantages so the putting is allows transfer feature system to This in cells cooling technology cells. the The of cooling size small the temperature. the Also, the of because manages performance. pack better battery a Tesla have the and during to temperature heat parallel optimum components of the up lot other maintains a lined system the produce management are batteries battery series Many These A these battery. module. operation. and Tesla lithium the the series AA build in regular to connected other a each are than with cells bigger they Tesla bit that small stan- little point, A these a a of before. is to than cell longer further battery much concept Tesla life, the dard battery longer developed with They performance better foundation. achieved old an is cept iue14 el Battery Tesla 1.4: Figure 7 nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An lcrn.Ti con- This electrons. his lose to metal a of tendency the is tial poten- elec- trochemical The tential. po- electrochemical con- called is which a cept, on works battery lithium-ion The of components. see layers can different we battery cell, Tesla open the break we If Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. iha2 eeshl n t o pe s1 p.Ti oti o nyasustainable a only not is [13]. boat plant This power solar kph. boat a 15 long as is a act speed is also top For It can its boats passengers. it panels. and ship, 120 solar These hull to for meters up surfaces 27 passengers. carry large a 120 can their with Shuttle to with Solar power 40 Hamburg solar between the as capacity instance, act the to between with potential have the long usually have and lots meters lakes were and 30 there rivers to then for mostly And 15 were Boats power. 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[13]. motors in electric globe 60-kW the two first circumnavigated the which being boat, for cruis- solar-powered famous as is kph It 9 speed. and ing speed top as 26-kph iue18 nryOsre Ship Observer Energy 1.8: Figure 2 fslrpnl.I has It panels. solar of 9 iue17 STrnrPaeSlr[13] PlanetSolar Turanor MS 1.7: Figure nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An r ul h produc- the full, are batteries the panels. Once solar batteries with the ing charg- with begins process The water. sea- from hydrogen its produce can sel ves- the that means It autonomy. ergy en- for aimed vessel, hydrogen first The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 9 ilo 1] ihti xml,w e htaueu dagt h teto and attention the gets idea useful a that almost is see understanding company we for the needs. example, by data it this raised critical support amount With provide total The [15]. to million real-time. USV in $90 of round planet fleet funding the B of its Series state increase a the closed to has million it The these that $60 via 2018 of May collected have. 17 data they on ocean announced high-resolution cameras USV, of data four saildrones company time-series provider the with a including interface as Inc., user sensor Saildrone, on-line every an for provided capability also downloading and satellite via shore to iue19 alrn ySaildrone by Saildrone 1.9: Figure e iso o 7dy.Te rnmte data transmitted They days. 97 Bering 7800-km for the mission in Sea were the They with keel. force 2-m-deep balance wind sideways the achieve to vertical angle they optimal with and the along set itself to order turn in to aches able be solar-powered to a rotor to linked is which a (wing), from sail 4-m-high power solid movement the their on provide and They body wing. main the so- on USV, and panels Saildrones outriggers lar Two twin with 5.8-m-long 1.9). are which (fig. it Saildrone. named and the (USV) vehicle developed surface program unmanned an This loss mea- change. ice ecosystem sea to warming, ,and use the Arctic boat understand of PV and one sure research see we of [14] examples Sea” best Bering the Con- Spring in Examine ditions to Saildrones of Use “The In 10 nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h oti 5mnwt atcags(0V.Teefaue aeteBblsnext Bubbles the make features These (400V). charges [16]. fast taxis with water charge min possible can promise 35 they They and big in top. transportation the and boat boat’s for where water the enough the thinking of long the of instead is surface way of which panel different navigation power solar autonomy a a the 2h30 is has from it roof dock’s energy So a energy. creates of solar surface even to It addition in Dock. wind, the the at are they when by Bubble The Seabubbles 1.10: Figure ok hr r oa aest hreteBubbles, the the on charge but to panels it solar on are small there panel this Dock, solar no examples, has other tar- boat the the 5-meters to Unlike ride and Dock dock. the get of out secured get and will closed it be will and doors the 1.10), Bub- the (fig. into ble seats their When take Dock. and enter the passengers at stationed while rides charging, its and during autonomous emis- named is startup which zero the SeaBubbles, French in by innovation electric 100% new sions, another is There 11 nOeve fSlrPwrdBoats Powered Solar of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. aefret eptearln ntear rgpse h ali h aedirection same the in the sideways). sail is board the and the pushes forward pushes Drag board generally air. drag the drag. (so the pushing and wind in force lift the airplane the as forces, the is main keep It two to creates sail. force surf that the same the the and On to pushes sail rectangular up. wind the acts plane therefore over Lift the board, goes push the wind to on The vertical wind the forward. sits allow airplane sail to the windsurfing in plane is hand, the difference other to main horizontal The placed wing. are aircraft wings an the to similarly understand very To works sail. Sail windsurfing used. a are with are start wings concepts we solid These (force) that lift of subsection. concepts mechanics this the simple in are blades they turbines because mechanics wind chosen simple the and about sails learn will windsurfing we thrust, of of mechanics the understand to order In Loads Wind of Mechanics 1.2.1 wind-powered of meaning the understand At to able wings. solid be sturdy should and we boats. light section, of build the design to of the how end explain understand the to to sails the structure solid discussed and wings’ boats’ be solid condition Cup will the starting America’s importance sailing and by shape the blades loads sail turbines of the wind wind then basics of with And mechanics the surfing/sailing. the understand during learning forces to be sail sails will windsurfing wind. we and the first, wings that with solid between do relationship to the understand order to In is time, section In pushing. this of simple wind. goal than wind the The wind of the from direction of more the force get in less was to sail the how method to way go, The have the you you found blows. faster second, sailors wind the And the First, direction boat. your the the reasons. allowing two pushes in and of boat mast because the a useful push on not to sail as wind sheet the a of hoisting force with started experience sailing The Boats Powered Wind of Overview An 1.2 12 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. osbet e aia alfre tmastehairtesre s h atrh can condition. he sailing faster any the under is, limited surfer is as the force far heavier this as the weight that means his means It shifting It is force. sailor’s surf. sailor sail wing, The the maximal weight. of get length to body depends the his possible speed with and max calculated board The be the can from board. which distance the force, to sail All maximal sailor weight. universal the the body a on his by through with board transferred moment the heeling are the to forces balance joined to acting is has surfer board the windsurfing why a is of that joint, sail the hand, point other pitch the and On heeling with problem the between load, therefore connection of strong boat, amount this the up. big While on comes a vertically carries boat. about boat the windsurfing just and to a erected sails transferred and is is other sailboat sailboat moment any a a heeling between or of the difference windsurfing mast main a the The is of board sailboat. performance a the as calculate system such the to canting system of by equations state (steady force the moment side and gives force high of [17]) equilibrium the The counterbalance windward. to to have rigs their surfers above mentioned we surfer As the force). see (heeling can component you force speed, side high high At the speed. counterbalance the to on has depending wind true than stronger iue11:Fre nsis3 sails on Forces 1.11: Figure 13 aetwn.Aprn idcnb much ap- be the can wind feel Apparent you you wind. vehicle parent when moving time a Every on are 1.11). apparent called (fig. flow cre- wind air speed combined travel a the ate and wind true wind, the the across board the the of of acceleration Because turbines. in wind discussed of topic be the will angle range limited working to The order flow. turbulent in the degrees minimize 18 around direction) be wind should apparent the (attack- of angle range ing working says too. increase theory will One forces drag and an- lift attack gle) the (increasing sail closing By nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. oc uhsi onfrascn hc naacsi.Ta assi ob unstable. external be small to a it causes after That position first it. unbalances its which from second down a falls we for block As down buoyancy. thin it the pushes tall to force a equal 1.13 is body fig. immersed in the [18] by see displaced subsection. fluid coming the the examples of weight in good The them are see There the will catapult. touches We a board problems. in difficult. these the up avoid very if end to is would that how you hydrofoil knowing of speed scary, a high controlling is at knots unstable, surface has 50 is water foiling with it Nevertheless, foiling all, about of broad. Thinking which First of begins speed too. moving/foiling hy- the when downsides The water, contract affecting its the speed. the conditions of higher reduce water out get They the board to prevents the foiling force. lift called drag the to is the into designed which reduce arm drofoils water, to extended and way Therefore a board new between like way. a surface traditional boats as why a the created is in from are That gain extending water, performance is. surface great force) lifting a the force(drag faster hydrofoils, and establish resistance go the (resistance) to fluid to way drag the sail order no greater reducing is in by the there short, faster is In go sailor can power. the we wind heavier but with heavy moving physical be This vessels should speed. all sailor constant for a at valid blows is wind the effect when speed sailing increasing an with iue11:Srn eln force heeling Surfing 1.12: Figure 14 h owr rvn oc trs)reduces (thrust) speed. force driving board forward The of force increase side attack. the the by of increases while angle reduces the sail- thrust via via The also change forces speed sail ing wind The to speed speed. relative board of calculates ratio wind the apparent the And ically. dramat- force) ap- driving changes (forward the sail thrust the the of to angle direction the wind depend- parent other, are each they on Because ing apparent the angle. of wind function be a can as force side described and fig. Thrust in easily. forces 1.12 the see between can the We connection with the forces. confusing sail bit the of little component a be can It nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. tsgetrrato oetR gis eln oetH.[20] HM. moment heeling against RM moment reaction greater ates position. vertical a in in momentum it create keep that to and the block force block, the load thicker up the mo- the pull of a with to side creates case direction right it second the opposite and the on the side in is right area But the the to down. of falling fall centroid is to it it while pushing side to left mentum the on is underwater is which area, of centroid thinner the the block, with case first the In area. the of centroid the is results different two these water. for reason The the block in keeps vertically floating and up back the block right to acts time momentum this the but side one heel- to is over which ing 1.13 fig. in left on the block thicker the also is There iue11:Fre nasiigyacht sailing a in Forces 1.14: Figure 15 h ot egtadboac oc)cre- force) buoyancy and weight of boats center the the dis- between b distance greater (the The is tance boat. simply the of reason width the the And regular by boat. hy- than sailings the catamarans see we on common drofoils more is it That why is boats. the sailing with sail regular to on hard hydrofoils is high it at And sailboat [19]. regular speed the on speed sailing max of the achieve to be limiting can and angle big heel The equilibrium (fig.1.14). the forces have of to hull and keel from the force hydrodynamic the long receive the We moment. heeling need the balance we to keel Therefore, heavy the on sails. acting force big heeling the dif- is The ference block. thicker the same with the situation to similarly reach sailboats The nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An iue11:Buoyancy 1.13: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ilsol oksd osd,n atrwa o oadi snta da operating ideal an not is it and do ship 1.16). your you (fig. GM, what that negative avoid matter a have to no by you want side, If you acceleration to condition, higher water. the side words, on other rock side in slowly other period will the to roll side shorter a a to implies swinging GM larger A fort. metacentric and height Metacentre 1.15: Figure r idtriebae.Teamo h idtriei ocnettekntcenergy mechanical kinetic into the energy convert wind to kinetic the is converting turbine by wind wings energy solid electrical the into with of wind loads aim the wind The of of mechanics blades. the turbine understand wind to are at look can we fields Other iue11:Ngtv GM Negative 1.16: Figure 16 aealreG eas ftae com- travel to of good because always GM not large a is have it But stability initial the becomes. greater the is, metacentric the height ro- larger ship The the point, around. tates imaginary an metacenter is is It circle M. the of middle cir- up and a turns cle follows angles it small And for ship 1.15. the that fig. in to here over B1 origi- shifting the the is buoyancy over, of bit center the little nal When a pitted buoyancy. is of ship and center metacenter the its is and B vessel the of grav- ity of center the between GM distance the the shown is 9 1.15 body fig. metacentric In (GM). floating height called a ini- overturning of the against stability of static measurement tial the is There nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ldsflosesnilytepol ftearrf osrcin otebae fthe wings. of aircraft blades to the way similar So a construction. in aircraft shaped rotor the are today’s turbine of of wind profile layout constructive the The blows.) essentially is which it follows sailing/surfing). principle, as direction blades force well the aerodynamic (as the in airplanes is blade by principle the the using second at the pushes mentioned and and as efficiency blows principle poor first (wind has The section ways. the different of two in beginning done be can This energy. n idi hsitra flnt.Teohrtoscin r etn oeadmore and more getting appar- are slow sections blade. the two the of other of because The end the wind is length. until blade the of aerodynamical the interval catch of this to profile in aerodynamic the wind The be ent of section. to shape tip important the and Here that section, not strength. through three the are structural cut there provides along section, And section rotates root angle. root structure blade; right the blade the at along the the wind the sections apparent why blade, the of main is the catch tip to That along the order changes in So too. length speed changes blade blade. turning attack the the of along Because 1.17). angle increasing wind speed. is (fig. That highest blade sail forward. the the the moving has of on than blade speed rather acting turning rotating forces the are the why acting blades as are is turbine behind which wind forces, logic is, The same difference in. the The living have re- are blade, every we Nevertheless, world, the the [21]. on understand turbines after to wind big us the that for helps not wind search blades were actual used new differences the they the efficiency develop using first The to and at turbines. funding developing field wind the for the found just in they blades we after Actually turbine then Limit, energy. and Betz’s wind wings to input airplane’s According the the principle. of pushing principle 59.3% first This converse the energy. can than mechanical efficiency creates higher difference a pressure has This wing. the over than iue11:Ardnmcfre nablade a on forces Aerodynamic 1.17: Figure 17 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An ne h wing the under pressure higher a creates it and bottom the on than wing of the top the faster on is flow air- the simply, goes principle The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. as hyaejs w ieetwy floiga h aething. both same explained the be at can looking it flow of a wing, ways of the different behavior by two This down just created. reflected are is They and lift slowed ways. the under is so Air up wind wing wings. the the asymmetric Since pushes using this by down. and or downwards reflected air attack wing the of reflect the angle must increasing wing by the which achieved is explanation, This be key another can The is wing. rules. there the Newton’s But on Bernoulli’s under lift. based to air force is According slower upper the than creates explained. pressure difference briefly less pressure be exerts will air difference pressure wing faster-flowing a this the principle, by for created under wings, is solid and force the over lift of the between how structure gases force, the two lift with But mixing of start understanding example turbine. we better for wind Before turbulent, the flow. have of turbulent to efficiency via want few the together engineers a affect we just to situations of dirty a some time enough causes in operation get blades The to rotor turbulent. enough the via is on energy work months converting dirtiness tender of a the loss is even It of realized amount flow. big They turbulent of amount flow. the the laminar of short, reduce shape achieve to In best order to the in find section. blade its to a the working of losses are in profile engineers wind the The further the vortexes. discussed Because the is causes difference principle wind. speed tran- This the this of avoid vortexes. from energy to into want goes kinetic energy we flow the saying the converting Briefly When during starts. The sition, transition. The transition the the flow. transition. for instability turbulent laminar-turbulent parameter to the and stability main as laminar the calls is as flow number groups turbulent Reynolds main to two laminar into of flow transition of condition the put iue11:Baecosscin-Vortex - section cross Blade 1.18: Figure 18 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An ig ecan We the wing. over and wing the under between appears difference sure pres- the why 1.18 basically see we fig. In Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. fsel ti elylgtegt u nraiy ls swdl sdmtra o the for material used widely is glass E reality, in But instead stiffness. and lightweight. high structures really steel and of is density stiffness it low the steel, to its comparable believe, of via is they fiberglass fiber why carbon than is of stronger that stiffness via is The and break to fiber information easy this carbon not know is If the not it is that so do breaks. that tougher people and it is Many it fact before elasticity. mean, next stretches can its the it material elongation, to the more brings But far has It material how is. the basically strong. stiffness are is a the materials Elongation far greater stiff how the elongation. that of stretches, mean resistance material not a the does is less only it Stiffness it The If So breaks. can. break. material force. stretch will the to material material stress resistance the much material, to the how material of under a strength says of the stiffness than ability greater and the is strength is force carbon before, Strength the that mentioned things. said, as different be However, two can mechanical are it fiberglass. better Overall than carbon’s cost. stronger glass, high is with its it fiber with compare balanced we be if Car- should but one conditions. performance their known with most shown the are is fiber natural bon and materials two these fiber 1.1, Table dominant In The material. fiber. is carbon factor and first fiber The reinforcement, glass fiber consider. are large the to materials very selecting factors For By four resin. combined. bring polyester. epoxy can be the to we can alternative replaced no which largely is fibers, has there and material blades resins rotor matrix of as variety resin a formation epoxy is the The there and Basically, fibers the the shape. resin of absorb embedding the essentially of the of fibers on consist takes The composites resin the preform. The while a composites tensions, in material ratio. arranged fiber-reinforced weight are to the which stiffness fibers, from and encapsulated mostly strength fiber made large using and their manufactured are longer via are They getting blades energy rotor are the technology. turbine to blades wind composite cost the maintenance modern the The decades, reduce two ratio. to last and generation performance the the better found blades In achieve rotor to they modern longer here. The testing, long mentioned technology. and composite a be fiber development has will the intensive qualities using by of material blades years and rotor modern designs many blade after rotor but different history the of discussion The Wings Solid the of Structure 1.2.2 19 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. lds o xrml ag oo ldswt vr10-oo imtr,teueof heavy. use too the be diameters, would rotor blade 120m-rotor the rotor over of the points with Otherwise, stressed blades necessary. high is rotor the carbon large at material extremely used composite For only fiber therefore carbon blades. is from carbon blades expensive, extraordinarily rotor too are of is manufacture properties the strength Because, Their good. economical. most and market consumer opeso strength Compression nryconsumption Energy al .:Isrciecmaio ewe ieetfie aeil.Fo [22] From materials. fiber different between comparison Instructive 1.1: Table aiu resistance Fatigue esl strength Tensile Renew-ability Recyclability Accessibility Distribution rprisNtrlfie ie ls abnfiber Carbon glass Fiber fiber Natural Properties Disposal Stiffness Density Cost oeaehg oeaehg High Moderate/high Moderate/high erdbeNon Degradable oeaeWieModerate ide W Moderate ihHg Moderate High High o oeaeHigh High Moderate Moderate High Low/moderate High High Moderate Low Low Moderate Moderate High Low Low Low Low sN No No No No es Y es Y 20 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An − erdbeNon degradable − degradable Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. antb elce stebnigeatct ftesldwns h lsi bodies elastic The wings. solid the that factor of Another elasticity easily. bending moved And be the can is important resonance. they mechanical very neglected material, of a light be risk of is cannot made the wings are decrease solid wings to the the design if yacht of Volitan because weight the bend the to in intended Likewise, aspect are high-speed movements. aerodynamic at the rotors bending the affect the of example, for can For factor blades a rotor. the also the is of of blades the design mass the for of the important mass Furthermore, very The is costs. turbine. blades manufacturing wind rotor a the of of weight weight head tower the total and topic, products. second the the of is Weight aspects other any composites. than the important of more performance mechanical even the aspects sometimes as engineering are important different are Costs many many costs involves the are So also There it 1.19). interests. balance, and (fig. different in process have be cheap to they should and together which though easy work factors, even should an fabric, stakeholders not new Many is a investment. manufacture it and But research many material. needs each still from properties best the of use effective make they because performance good their with play into coming are materials brid Hy- ratio. cost to performance a of result for better used is glass and carbon both of nation combi- the why is That terials. ma- of bination com- a by erties prop- better material get possible to is It iue11:Aspects 1.19: Figure 21 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ls stebs hie eas fi’ hae rc.[23] structure, lighter price. a cheaper have it’s to of critical only because that choice, of not of best is consist density the it greater is which If glass the bodies, E of fiber. the because carbon the heavier to Because relatively is compare are fiberglass fiber price. material, carbon expensive composite material, lightweight fiber its a glass although need we go If to way better. loads fatigue the absorb Weave 1.21: Figure ofr otesaeo h odbte yalwn osaecmon uvsmuch curves compound shape to to ability allowing by the by order has fabric. better laid unidirectional also mold than it’s fabric the better in of multi-directional fiber shape the the strength the of equal to fix condition provides conform it to This direction, used every directions. in is go all Resin fibers in the If fibers. together. as fibers strong because the as bonding transmitted, not be is cannot resin fiber direc- the of the in strand moments the The of direction. tion fiber of perpendicular strand the the the in to simple; transmitted very be are can materials moments structure external fiber of of mechanics The direction composition the the matters. and for fiber In strands of of strand fiber. angle the of the of strand shown the is of 1.20) direction (fig. the is factor third The ans ai ev sese ocnomo uv ufcsta plain than strands. surfaces 5- 2 curve on under fabric. conform of and to flexibility easier strands weave. the go- is 5-harness affects weave 2 are by weave satin they over while harness because weave going strand, important, plain one is are by over This 1.21) they then weave and 5-harness (fig. strand satin and in one weave see under we plain ing As between differences weave. the satin is factor Fourth 22 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An iue12:Ageof Angle strand 1.20: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ei spme noteml ihtehl fapm n ukdi ytevacuum. the by in sucked and The pump evacuated. a then of and help the foils with plastic mold with inserting the sealed after into is starts pumped shape process is blade The resin men- rotor accepted. The be widely will mats. become process the has four infusion it mainly vacuum because are the here There the only tioned contour. is but blade technique rotor processes manufacture laminating outer manufacturing to the the different way of for shape cheap condition negative prior a a necessary of is prob- availability The possible laminating the of blades. increase technique rotor would The outer which why wings is strength above. the in That advantage to mentioned significant weight wings. lems a increased the have the not to adds would strength some it I-beam great with and an covered give of be instead will be can spar which solid box can they skin, using wings and the fiber The ribs because transverse carbon blades. necessary the of turbine with are sheets wind I-beam ribs than main wider transverse two be The of should made yacht use. sailing structure a to ribs for wing choice /metal wings good ribs and transverse a weight with their and be I-beam with a the wings would material in solid wind, used saves the the often of of method are support stress patterns the This expected For static basic 1.22). two shells. (fig. the construction the practice mixed in of why is shape that the weight, reduces stabilize and forces verse iue12:Baecossection cross Blade 1.22: Figure 23 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An hc a bobtetrans- the webs, absorb spar can more which or of one consists only spar the case, in this and The I-beam calls one spar. second the then to can attached shell be up the that so manufacture the during into shell lower glued and spar inserted The is spar. box calls it it and that loads all way practically absorb a can such in dimen- sional is which box-shaped cross-section, a with beam dinal of longitu- One continuous the is them patterns. into static divided two be can blades ro- tor of layout constructive The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. atrteba os h rae h itfrebcms hsarpe nrae along increases airspeed Thus The becomes. lift. provides force and lift aerofoil the force an greater has lift is the beam a end main goes, creating outboard the by boat the Also, catapult the on gain the outboard. faster extension avoid to the wing to medium of the design end the the 1.23 the as of at fig. air fundamentals in solid key the it the the using see of And but we one one, drag. As like reduce thrust. act to points and and order and lifting hydrofoil in fuselage a wind aircraft’s like apparent an shape like the down wing looks of reaches hull direction it Its like opposite the water. is the with the boat in knots touches The and 60 (Wikipedia). air above 2012 sailboat. the record November a from sailing 24 of first-speed on view knots the eye child’s 65.45 them the speed brought change effort to used of ready be is years can design 12 forces itself. the problematic board And the the advantage. size, on her her moment for and heeling design no the complex out is Sailrocket’s balance there of to equilibrium, Because weight the his reaches shifting it the is Once to windsurfer of similar the forces. One principle that simple learned the 1.23). we their has As It and (fig. windsurfing. force. design sails funding heeling sailboat classic the the eliminating unique the is found a from feature Sailrocket’s they is boats Sailrocket wind-powered catapult, the a sailing. changed was into in boat success vision up first new ended their a after which created and crash, and catapult, a of afraid of not because were destroyed who team, one was there But Boats Powered Wind of Examples 1.2.3 joining new as challenges new longer, pose becoming continue alone engineers. further blades will the the the for problems on If techniques assembly influence and future. decisive the transport a in the have turbines to wind continue of will point development technology glue blade a rotor without The process one processes in new the shells Also, both [22] spar one. produce lower box Blade”). to the “Integral the possible to (Siemens or glued it webs is spar make shell the also gluing of upper can After shell the addition, upper shell, mold. In lower and the lower the in the into prevented. separately Normally, largely made reduced. is are are blades strength resin the the reduce of can emissions that harmful bubble the air way, this In 24 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ilfl nfoto h otisedo aln eidb yn.Adti einbrought hull [24] design the power. this control And wind only loses flying. with by it behind transport and when falling high-speed stability sure of of achieve instead make idea boat to to the the is sits just of reason front is passenger in There the the fall and where other. will each force behind balance side is conjunct force sail it to side boat centerboard the also foil or the balance and keel as to force regular and hydrofoil side a speed one sail as high The works at main it wing. boat well The the As the boat. with raises the boat. that the supports lowers and it it forces speed, high slows, side low At at and speed. and lift high fly at creates to drag foil can reduce starts which to float design moment, leeward special the the a of have speed, equilibrium floats The the achieve catapult. sections a cause aerofoil two These it. with iue12:Si Rocket Sail 1.23: Figure 25 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h yrfisadsis nfi.12,w a e h anfre,wihaeatn on acting are which forces, main the see between can we possible 1.24, is [25] moment fig. boat. the In the of the equilibrium sails. of The and mechanics has hydrofoils The Sailrocket. the team record. to transpacific the similar the Tris. very team, is offshore goal is the modern the boat for to raised, relationship be funding can a find a money reveal to enough designs is If order The of pollution In instead 2. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ot hl h ubnstrig(g 1.8). (fig. turning turbines the while boat, the energy on vibration of are lots and losses there process, In this energy. electrical wind into the energy converting wind, of from instead force drive gets directly it Because types three in these favorite my is 1.26) with (fig. one wings This turbines. wind of instead wings(sails) the has and type last turbines, wind big and two panels so- solar with with panels, only lar its boat; type and three earlier mentioned Observer was Energy company The system sail 1.9). wing (fig. The wing speed. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 0kos h rtdffrnei o htiprat eas oto h ieteboats the time the than of more most to because up important, that speed not can is and difference catamarans first are The than Monohulls air knots. hull. 50 the the of in difficult. shape acceleration aerodynamic an the the is more like makes designs simply more it two the and these looks On between hull that difference the AC50. second monohull, from and away The AC75 a are between has foils differences main the It two boats, are monohull design. 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Euros A other million innovation. to and 100 technology, competition, than sailing This management, a more of 2021. just terms costs of longer no in summer is the competition section. It in a incomplete sailing. Zealand but in an New else be in anything would unlike place is it take organization section, will this Cup America’s in 36th mentioned The not is Cup America’s If 28 nOeve fWn oee Boats Powered Wind of Overview An Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. e one n one vr ert ufiltene ffse ecin rmtecrew the from reactions faster Cup of America’s need in teams the race. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. aescvrn nbt ie ftefitdtosldsiswt 0 ee-qaesurface meter-square 300 with sails solid two PV fitted flexible solar the two of has sides It both yacht. sailing on concept covering long panels meters 32 luxury a is Volitan The aldfimDsgnbs h rae pasl-ucetcatfrteeco-conscious the for craft self-sufficient a electric up HP Mediterranean-region, 200 dreamed class. the two yachting from who with team boat Designnobis, design the Turkish firm a propel is called can team it design the cooperating, the the to not Also, momentum reflects give is motors. to name wind sails The the solid his if sea. in or wind Mediterranean the boat the catch “Volitan” can in which name yacht, lives The the which of vessel. concept fish, sailing flying eco-conscious a an from is comes 1.28) (fig. design Yacht Volitan Concept-Volitan Boat Powered Wind and Solar 1.3 iue12:VltnSse at Components & Parts System Volitan 1.28: Figure oa n idPwrdBa Concept-Volitan Boat Powered Wind and Solar 30 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. otatatdtepol’ teto o.I 07teVltnwsaftrsi symbol futuristic a the was Volitan of the look 2007 sexy In the too. such course, attention awards Of people’s of the Category. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. r sn hs ubadmtr eiebrhn fe.Ti ein“oia”i the not does is that “Volitan” fuel. boat Design of engine-assisted drop envisioning This by a their yachts again burn often. sailing need clean the berthing boating they of make captains beside because to the motors And solution true outboard harbor. not these the of is using with out are think it and go in may to but get you way to propel Now pollution-free motors kW. good to outboard already 8-10 sea one of are the is output which on sailboats estimated power batteries an that solar its creates and It in wind energy resources. the the sustainable of storing use while solar to yacht The allow the important. sails more solid becoming carbon fitted is produce panel resources not sustainable does Using which boats, emissions. friendly dioxide environmentally of awareness raising of ulse n20.I ssiljs ocp.[13] been concept. has a design just the still though is even It yet, 2007. built in been published not has yacht Volitan Unfortunately, iue13:VltnScinViews Section Volitan 1.30: Figure oa n idPwrdBa Concept-Volitan Boat Powered Wind and Solar 32 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. orwnswl eaaye.Teotmminrsrcueo t ig ilb concluded be will wings its of structure inner optimum the The holding joints analyzed. the be sounds, Yacht Volitan will of wings design four the aspects. nice how engineering on in focusing of also Instead and people the design, of useful heart about a talk the into will in thesis we sense this chapter, make in last would learned talk the which we can in information we thesis the reason implement before the to The viewpoint of possibilities engineering End design. Yacht an design. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ot r xlie ihsalttrasadra xmlst nesadtefacts. the understand concept to the examples of real and knowledge of tutorials basic concept small the the with of and explained developments presented, in are the are basically boats chapter, first was boats the research wind-powered theme In my the and only. why to so- solar concept narrowed is the this is That of of it one circle Boats”. thesis, and the Concept this change Powered In climate Wind is emissions. and problem carbon “Solar global of Our reduction 1.31) the is (fig. lution steps which of process, series design engineering a the is follow engineers we products, functional create To wings, four the designer. of yacht. the mobility by the the production promised of achieve disadvantages is to of the given and which frequency be advantages of natural will the idea ways the perceive possible an and to some Additionally, inertia have calculated of be to The moment will data The parts software. valuable its fighter. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. trqet emadcptlgost edtruhalteprocesses. the design. all functional through a lead develop to to are goods process design capital long boat and very a a team develop is a to it requests we methods because It before thesis, possible defined this the briefly in process All done be The analysis. not will the design. shipbuilding yacht of in Volitan results analyze the the and boat have analyze test a to to of is design models first thesis creating the this of on of work to purpose us The for foundation model. a be should knowledge given This 35 Objective Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. motnei nusinbe facmaywnst epu ihti optto,it competition, software. this software of with the power up keep the this, to use of wants to view company has In a If days. unquestionable. these is quality the success design importance upgrading market product is the The aspect determine software. This expression in and faster. especially is getting companies computers, technology are the The The life between process. daily market. competition manufacturing our world the even up the and speed in cellphones, to in- place our order stable the processing in a faster the in have be why And to to is developed impact That company. big away. the a right into has ready know-how speed be interdis- the must an everything bring market, request to ternational fundamentals experts These qual- of distinctive. high team being a ciplinary and having price offering follows: variability, competitive customer-specific as the up are setting technology, products innovative establishing successful ity, having of fundamentals The CAE-CFD-Modelling 2 Chapter 36 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. eueteue aeilbtsilmeigteepcain.Avneoptimization Advance stiffness. the expectations. increasing to the and designed stresses meeting be minimizing still can be but can structure targets material the how used process, engineers the development the the technologies.reduce in lightweight shows early in software Very CAE. method optimization of useful the method really a a is found optimization topology they The FEM, of analysis. help strain flow, and the fluid stress With transfer, the heat is ones analysis, common structural most in the nonlinear used of has One software is FEM etc. FEM the model, of analysis. realistic all a element not get and finite To necessary knowledge elements. be basic different can have the nonlinearity of should geometric properties engineers the The and capabilities limitations. the of has achieved meshing are sub-areas and The describe meshing can a algorithms. by sub-areas using is by The sub-areas easily It sub-areas. of model mechanical these number continuum of finite Analysis). the behavior the cal- Element the into analyze FEM (Finite divided to is FEA The elements) structure (finite of the Method). method which in Element the method is (Finite numerical calculation FEM FE is or CAE culation within discipline specific design, A to computers of use processes. the and with products CAE, manufacture term is the and CAE with analyze short, fulfill can In requirements lot These a Engineering. save company. Computer-Aided and the quality for and time product electronics and increasing for money by of those errors avoid with can mechanics simulations example, The for For software. done models be success. combining can to by industry key automotive only the the getting professionally for development is are product systems numbers of complex simulations parts work system these their the to of and required interaction complex The are more getting systems higher. are different systems process, The development together. product modern the In engineering) (Computer-aided CAE 2.1 37 A Cmue-ie engineering) (Computer-aided CAE Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. fhr oko nier,woaeepr ntefield. the in expert are years who many engineers, through of developed work man- were hard the to of methods defined design results Optimization and the the These design adapt interpret requirements. of automatically to these goals algorithms able optimization the be have the determined to restrictions, they to FEM ufacturing Once need the way. still in meaningful designers less processes a The with the in tasks of methods. optimization understanding Mathematical deep the using a define by can product before They the than of optimization process. effort in development expert the be to in mentioned need design as not do challenges engineers new the with Nowadays engineers before. the helping are Methods Computer-Aided Optimization Workbench-Topology ANSYS 2.1.2 explained be will has software which ANSYS ANYSY, be subsection. of as can next feature such the meshes This software in finer FEA feature. The other optimization value. some topology is real the finer there the with but to solutions CATIA, closer in better results created create give can can which analysis inputs, the Mesh (FEA), Analysis Element Finite In easily. very quickly design variants right the brings the assessing which choosing This development, allows of efficiently process. and phase design engineering early the the to in advantages tool great simulation integrated an is Catia Analysis CATIA 2.1.1 eprtr ed,eetoantc,aosis t.Teeaetovrin sANSYS as versions two mechanics, are There fluid etc. mechanics, acoustics, structural electromagnetics, in solve fields, to problems Temperature ability linear its is besides features problems biggest non-linear the of one Its CAE. simulationin man- numerical independent for largest technology the simulation is of sold It ufacturer was it Inc. after ANSYS, for and 1994 1980 in in developed ver- was first ANSYS The of sion applications. offers CAE which every software, almost element for solutions finite a is software ANSYS 38 A Cmue-ie engineering) (Computer-aided CAE iue21 ANSYS 2.1: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hr r oedvlpet osleti rbe n hyaegtigral good really getting are they before. and then problem optimization this topology solve that the possibility to results. robust after developments high a structure a some have is complex are will it more There you structure, a structure, complex have simple a will a optimize you optimize you there you the If optimized, gives If is optimization. it design failure. design the process, of After design probability results. the a the in on is stage concentrate early to the very time If a more stress. engineers at mechanical done under is parts for optimization can (topology) topology which design method, basic calculation favorable computer-based a the determine of one is optimization topology with The easier also is problems calculation the Entering Workbench. problem, ANSYS systems. contacts CAD meshing, in creating interfaces for and algorithms improved has Workbench ANSYS Workbench. ANSYS and Classic id fcmlxsrcue ilb auatrdmr fe nteftr,rltdto related future, [34] the 3D-printers. in of often costs more the These manufactured of 3D-printers. reduction be for the will problem structures longer complex no of is kinds products complex these of Manufacturing reconstruction. CAD manual reconstruc- than semi-automatic time be the less can guess much This can takes we model. tion As CAD clean semi-automatically. a or have manually to done necessary is optimization topology structural in- the result, reconstructing and this terpreting After lit- block problem. a simple a is for complex result bit tle The the side. from other force external an down with pushed and wall im- an movable on side one from is clamped that here block a have We of tion. result the optimiza- topology see of example we an 2.2, fig. In iue22 neapeo oooyoptimization topology a of example An 2.2: Figure 39 A Cmue-ie engineering) (Computer-aided CAE Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. n xeiet21 ecnudrtn h oiainfrCDmc etr The CFD better. much between CFD table for comparison motivation the the in understand experiment, can virtual water-resistance. of we a the calculation 2.1, as of the experiment CFD calculation for and the the experiments call as tunnel we such wind If problems the alternative mechanics or inexpensive fluid channel an important water having is the equations of complex instead these solve to motivation The fyuko h rpriso h udsc sdniy icst,ec [35] etc. viscosity, density, as such fluid model, the mathematical of the properties up the set know can you You the if and involved. turbulence are the layers if equations boundary High-performance differential hydrodynamic partial particles). the moving solve the of to describe accumulation needed or are methods computers gas mathematical (liquid, par- These fluid non-linear a order. are of 2nd They behavior the equation. of balance balance equations Energy pulse differential equation, or tial balance direction, x,y,z material as the called the in also of equations consist is which equations Navier-Stokes equation The balance com- Mass equations. most those the in are nu- comprehensive equations uses Navier-Stokes and The plex It Euler equations. equations, equations. potential Navier-Stokes the calculating with and problems via equations, In mechanics fluids fluid mechanics. solve of to fluid behavior methods of the merical method predicts confirmed it a words, is simple (CFD) Dynamics Fluid Computational dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD 2.2 nomto Content Information Sail Scale (Spatial) elhSafety Health eddTime Needed Accuracy set F Experiment CFD Aspects Costs al .:Cmaio al ewe F n Experiment. and CFD between Table Comparison 2.1: Table eedn nCmlxt eedn nDevices on Depending Complexity on Depending ihMdrt High/Moderate High/Moderate lyAalbeDpnso Conditions on Depends Available ully F High niie xlsvl aoao Scale Laboratoy exclusively unlimited tf tf,Dvcs Comsumables Devices, Staff, Staff ( entirely 40 ) F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD Low ( limited ) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. n otae nteohrhn,tecs fapyia xeieti uhhge in higher much is experiment physical CFD a of a cost of the hardware cost hand, cases. the The most other for investment the the decision. On after engineers the software. of and for costs personnel factor the determinative just is the simulation usually is aspect cost ae ttesm pe,hligyu adi hspsto ilb omc adr We LES-Large harder. much and the so Navier-Stokes in RANS-Reynolds-Averaged be thing the will same topics, position the the the this in try with because hand you start your forces, If will holding stress fluid. speed, internal same the the the the of at in viscosity is water palm on hand’s feel your depending my hold you just you hold pressure is If hand you the component your force. street, when the out of the feel pull component to you you first They direction the if pressure is car, wind forces([36]). wind, moving the the the a against and palm of In window components car’s example. 3 Navier-Stokes simple the the are a through of with these side explained and right velocity be the force in can On the change the motion. have are of we these direction equations, So there the means time. and time That to time to over respect direction. respect change (speed) and vector can length the which has of aspects, vector change two A of are vector. If rate acceleration the the components. and giving two vector is has in velocity acceleration the term, Newton’s describe The between we connection Equations. the to see Navier-Stokes we together and fig.2.3, (2.2) F=ma In equation problems. continuity mechanics’ the fluid with the solve used are (2.1) Equations Navier-Stokes iue23 airSoe qain ecieteflwo nopesbefluids incompressible of flow the Describe - Equations Navier-Stokes 2.3: Figure airSoe Equations: Navier-Stokes otniyequation: Continuity ∂~u ∂t 41 ( + ~u ∇ ~ ∇ ~ F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD ) ~u ~u 0 = = − ρ 1 ∇ ~ p + ν ∆ ~u (2.1) (2.2) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hi ope tutrsmk tvr adt ul nesadterbehavior. their least understand at fully Eddies. but to of hard mechanics theory very the complex it of overview make and there an structures big course, us complex this give Of Their can in velocity. standing explanation factors exemplary relative are simple and we own this which its parameters surface, with more surface. the us many when still than are over, independently a roll moving fall we on particles is like flows the on, just surface, fluid water over still the The and roll flow of and water particulars together between them. difference if between velocity Eddies, the difference of create Because velocity fluids big in forces a inertial obtain the words, the simple coefficient.[37] at In also diffusion but the level, increases molecular also the it at flow So just in Not level. changes momentum fluid. continuous and the These energy in mixing shape. of ratio and vortexes the size random increase triggers their The vary flow. that flow and the the aspects in change When created continuously main fluid. are the (Eddies) the Vortexes of the of almost particulars turbulent, between is One becomes difference It velocity the mechanics. disordered. is fluid and flow turbulent irregular in apparently phenomenon is On universal flow continuous. along turbulent a layers in the moves side, fluid the other and can Flows the ordered We flow. well turbulent are and equations. phase flow laminar Laminar calculating the via aspects. in two fluids in fluids of of behavior behavior the the summarize predicts CFD mentioned As equations Navier-Stokes) (Reynolds-Averaged RANS 2.2.1 detail. much into go we before Simulation Eddy ρ u ¯ j ∂x ∂ u ¯ j i = ρ f ¯ u i ( + x ,t ∂x ∂ ¯ = ) j  u − ( pδ x ¯ + ) ij 42 + u µ ′ ( x  F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD ,t ∂x ∂ ) u ¯ where , j i + ∂ ∂x u ¯ j i x  ( = − ρ u x,y,z u ′ i ′ 0 = u j ′  ) (2.4) (2.3) (2.5) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. qain ihtehl ftomi ublnemdl.[38] models. turbulence basic main into two Navier- them of inserting Reynolds-averaged help by The the obtained with are equations 2.5). (eq:2.3) equations) (RANS (fig. averaged into equations (eq:2.4) divided Stokes are velocity variables analyze fluctuating velocity to the and Therefore, enough velocity flow. is total the it on effect cases, their many sim- flow In numerical the using ulation. via flow quan- the of in changes tities the and of vortexes details individual the each consider to necessary not usually is It 2.4). for (fig. criterion flows assessment an as serves number the number. So Reynolds critical of value greater critical is the number) than (Reynolds Re the when distur- bances small to unstable becomes flow laminar The ehdbtms ftecsste r good are they cases the enough. of LES the most of but results the method re- as the good that of not quality is The sults simplicity. its of be- cause problems, most industrial the for is method equations exclusive RANS the of basis The equations. the equation simplifies the this average terms, we is aver- When component time (eq:2.5). velocity zero the fluctuating the accept of we age terms, simple In 43 tn velocity fluctu- ating and velocity Average 2.5: Figure F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD iue24 hne flow channel A 2.4: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. E LreEd Simulation) Eddy (Large LES 2.2.2 ehd(E)advr ml iesest eal osmlt h culflow. actual the simulate to able be to steps time Element Finite small in very meshing Because and fine very (FEM) (fig.2.6). requires Method enough method small DNS the is change, number continuous Reynolds this of the until eddies smaller into selves iue27 N sLSv AS-Modeled - RANS vs LES vs DNS 2.7: Figure iue26 ag disit ml eddies small into eddies Large 2.6: Figure 44 F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD method. DNS the to close and RANS higher than much is results the of but quality high, com- very the effort puting makes simulation a eddy in large with the Involving ones model. small the large scribes de- and the structures (vortex) only Eddy LES The solves method RANS methods. the DNS of and mixture a or is Simulation LES Eddy Large The h h ag disdvd them- divide is eddies large That the why pieces. small separating into by them releasing en- is the con- tain, eddies and large the all which ergy, at stable are eddies not The CFD. in method (DNS) simulation Di- numerical the rect is flow turbulence solutions the exact for most the of One Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. acltsteflwu oacranpitadte s h salse oes hc is which software models, established The the use method. then subsection. RANS why and last is the point the certain That is in a mentioned methods analysis. to proximate those up useful flow of the the one calculates after used are We commonly most result. the real the after not are iue28 N sLSv AS-Visual - RANS vs LES vs DNS 2.8: Figure 45 F Cmuainlfli dynamics) fluid (Computational CFD N ehd u eengineers we But the method. with DNS real-world the to close very character flow the can simulate engineers The differ- methods. three ent these of results (outputs) visual differ- the between the ence understand fig.2.8 can of we help the With RANS. LES, between DNS, methods, difference three fig.2.7 those the In see en- we for use analysis. to gineering It practical not geometries. is used simple be very only for extremely can and are complex methods DNS Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. smd oaayeteflwfil eidtesi oko h o eoiya hc the which at velocity flow the know to ship the work. behind will field measurement propeller flow after-flow define the Also, to analyze and speed. to resistance required made water the is basin. on achieve design model to hull power ship the motor the of necessary effect in the the tests examine performed to used most are the These are tests propulsion and are Resistance Stability Damaged the analyzed. being and damages also Buoyancy occurrence are Stability, This which Intact components, pressure. other propeller. some of the changes of rapid surface the and steel formed of (fig.2.9)are because balls) (steam popping cavities are steam-filled the how fact, interesting very Model [40] Vienna Basin Cavitation in tunnel 2.9: Figure world.[39] the in the size of its one of is It basins testing boards. wave wave flat scientific controlled (from advanced electronically D.C. conditions most 216 Washington, ocean its eight of with recreate typhoonlike) suburbs can to which Maryland calm pool, the size football-field in a Center have Warfare they currents Surface of Naval level the different At a with tested basically resistance. are are water models their basins targeted measure ship a The to the in waves waves and/or pools, water). and/or in these (often currents performed In generate liquid are can a manner. model which with mechanisms, ship filled with a pools with is large experiments which and (pool), tests basin the a basin, model ship a In Shipbuilding Prototype 2.3 ofidabte a oaodcvtto.Cvtto sa is Cavitation cavitation. avoid to way better quantities a the find measure to to performed is (fig.2.9), analysis tunnel cavitation propulsion the pro- In Also, necessary. is ship. testing sta- peller the the of about maneuvering dimensions. information and get seakeeping, actual bility, to form with used and are design form methods boat hull These the the simili- is estimate for on basin to parameters based order model model in a scale theory in reduced tude a testing with model data ship getting of purpose The 46 rttp Shipbuilding Prototype Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. xrpltdfo oe iet elsz ftesi ogttecretresults. correct the get to or ship scaled the be of to size to have real models results to much the test size using resistance are model the are basin, from of engineers model quantities extrapolated the the a Because power, in ship. ship used the the of are predict size which actual test, the resistance than the smaller for models ship’s The Extrapolation Model-Ship (cargo 2.3.1 ship merchant large very a as model such ship project the projects.[41] big navy Nevertheless, or a project costs. for ship) low required them their makes still it with are and engineers day basins every the programs problems for These dynamics attractive computers. fluid our the more in that for basins say results can model better we ship getting why virtual are is the That are methods programs. software CFD become CFD the responses the and conditions in conditions these simulations These to and ship programs. functions the software speed, of CFD wind response the the state, and programming (sea operating, conditions for is the ship analyze the to which used under also etc.), are basins model ship These ruenme 26 n enlsnme 27 ucaatrsi o eoiy g- velocity, flow (u-characteristic length, (2.7) L-characteristic number field, Reynolds external characteristic and (2.6) number Froude eetaoae rmmdlsz otera ieo h ship. the of size real should the results to simultane- test the size satisfy why to model is from impossible That is extrapolated numbers. Froude it be and the But Reynolds up conditions. of scale equality real the to to ously used test are the equations of These result obtained testing. model in quantities water-resistance icst,and viscosity, ν knmtcvsoiy r h w otkonnmest aclt the calculate to numbers known most two the are viscosity) -kinematic e= Re ρuL r= Fr µ 47 = √ uD u gL ν ρ dniyo h fluid, the of -density rttp Shipbuilding Prototype µ -dynamic (2.6) (2.7) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. inaMdlBsnLTD Basin Model Vienna 2.3.2 [43] [42] from ship. coefficient the resistance of number size. the Reynolds real extrapolate the the to can for model we coefficient the run of resistance number been the Reynolds have calculate tests to several diagram clear After a have we until uttemi ula etn bet h pe oto ftesi sntnecessary not is can weight ship portion the upper of of effect portion The upper resistance. The water of object. is quantities testing the There measuring a for as test. hull the main for connected the ready is just which and model, bridge the the see with we 2.12 fig. In basin pool. bridge, the the a along is see move there we can it, which 2.11 on and pool) fig. long roof In (180-meter the under university. teaching our still Ger- of is Prof. He to belongs Strasser. it hard and Europa in oldest best the and non-university of one a is which is institute, research Ltd Austrian Basin Model Vienna and (SVA) Institute research Shipbuilding Vienna The iue21:Etaoain-GoercSmlr(Geosim) Similar Geometric - Extrapolation 2.10: Figure 48 iue21:Tepo nVienna in [40] pool Basin Model The 2.11: Figure n tcng iethis like go can it and C Model with and one next B the done Model is the with test and next long the m 4 is which A, Model the is with done test first the the seen fig.2.10 as example, For form. geometric hull main same the a of sized models for different of run range be should tests resistance Several rttp Shipbuilding Prototype Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. raeadnmcsmlto nodrt nlz h uldsg ffiiny h most The efficiency. to efficiency. determine it design to with hull consumption model fuel the the and analyze pushes speed to it are order and factors in important speed simulation certain the dynamic a on a with weights to moves create additional us bridge the allows The of method position hull. This the main hull. changing main by the conditions on different weights simulate additional putting by achieved be ieetknso ae swell.[40] as waves generate of can kinds New they different so it. other in- move do each can from to parts dependently way the old and parts an several wave is have ones the It simulate models. to on order effect in body waves one just generate is to there Ltd, Basin Model Vienna In 49 iue21:Tsigi Vienna in [40] Basin Testing Model 2.12: Figure rttp Shipbuilding Prototype Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. nlsso h oia ah Design Yacht Volitan the of Analysis 3 Chapter iue31 oia ah Design Yacht Volitan 3.1: Figure 50 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ok ieahr.Ta swyi scle onple.As,teds sanm,which name, a is disc the Also, horn-pulley. called the which is study. pulley, And this it rope why in a rope. given is is is That by horn-pulley This Horn-Pulley The horn. a the disc. pulley. like the with rope to looks and screws the wind mast with towards the fastened the sail to is with the according horn-pulley connected tilt pulling is and by pulley shift done to rope the is wing These movement in same upper This turn the bearings. the in roller to condition. to DOF cylindrical disc DOF first 6 the the another with getting allows give together is This bearings fastened wing are upper axis. they which the because vertical disc, disc, direction, the the plain the of spherical on is Because thrust DOF there via axis. shoulder one shoulder, vertical the the has with of It fastened is side Disc upper bearings. The the wing. On upper the axis. holds the around turn to De- Yacht Volitan of sign parts The 3.2: Figure and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 3.1 Disadvantages h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 51 O stelwrwn.I lostefin the allows It same wing. the lower the the has as around It DOF and capsule. wing motor the electric of end located the is at which fin, stabilizer the wing, is lower the there to On it down. allows close and which up DOF, lift one cylin- has It hydraulic two ders. and two bearings with plain shoulder the lower on The fastened is (DOF). wing freedom of degree has no and hull main the is to which directly ledge, attached a is shoulder The sections/sub- sections. following the be in parts will which mentioned the names, see their we and of fig.3.2 Volitan of side the the In on boat. sails the solid two the parts as such futuristic extraordinary are long These features. meters many with 32 yacht luxury sailing concept a is Volitan The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. atnn einfrteuprwns nteohrhn,teXpol a nadvantage an inertia.[44] the has of profile of moment effect disadvantage X the mass the damping hand, of us other shows good category the the aspect On very over This wings. a upper sail. structure, structure the the for of the the design whole fastening than gives the bending This this for length against in its bigger learned, has. along much we design As is Volitan of inertia the example. structure of which simple similar moment a a area fig.3.3 with the In shown is case, length. their condition all sail along traditional mast the the to fastened and nected 2 Example inertia - of moment Area 3.3: Figure Inertia of Moment Area, of Momentum Second yacht3.1.1 the because design a just is It features, exist. manufactured. in the yet not achieve not analyzed does to is way Yacht also design possible Volitan are best The parts the out promises. futuristic find it The to CATIA CATIA. 2D and in in ANSYS designs via constructed the FEM with are detail which further 3D, in discussed and be will mechanisms these Afterward, h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The h etrln fteba n h al r con- are sails the and boat at the sails of the center-line have the yachts sailing mono- catamaran Normally or hull struc- constructed. the improperly if is vibration ture excessive to due of destruction bodies the dis- the or a boat the cause on may vibration It the turbing has resonance. endpoints mechanical its of at risk object thin fix- and is long whichever a condition, ing this In axes. to other related the one smallest the in is is direction, which bending axis, the the of about moment wing upper area the The of inertia pulleys. their rope at with rope points by horn-pulley tip connected the are to and they mast And the to bottom. the with shoulder at the bearings to fastened are wings upper The 52 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. og e,mnhl sabte hieta aaaa,bcuectmrnhstwo has catamaran of because case catamaran, in a but than monohull choice that a know better with would a than Sailors is better monohull much figures. sea, is and three rough catamaran lines these can a colored between we with of axis fig.3.4 comfort axial help sailing the In the about with yacht. inertia obvious boat. sailing of is catamaran a moment designs a mass roll and the yacht to in sailing necessary difference monohull The a is to waves, a design sea which Volitan provide moment, the and would external compare wind more inertia the from greater in is, obtained inertia This wing greater lower is the the inertia. because and comfort, of shoulder, sailing moment the better mass wing, the upper the increase are Volitan, which bodies, additional the fgaiyi ihntertto xs(g34.Tedsacsx distances center The the that (fig.3.4). accept goes we axis It If rotation the rotation. acceleration. within of angular aches is by from gravity inertia, body distance of of moment rotating increasing mass the a the with of with up confused inertia be the not characterizes should which inertia of moment area The iue34 ooulv oia sCatamaran vs Volitan vs Monohull 3.4: Figure h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 53 1 ,y 1 x ; 2 ,y 2 x ; 3 ,y 3 of Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ulcnb elysrn gis oetm,i hr sn ereo reo nthe in freedom of degree no and is foil there the between if connection momentums, The against axis. strong foils. rotation movement, the really translational lower of be or degree can lift one hull screw to only with possible of possible hull it mobility main a makes the the which is have to this they such directly or that approach connected mounts show this are plate which for hydrofoils examples (fig.1.23), the good Ordinarily, Rocket surface of Sail feature. less lots and the are (fig.1.24) when There Hydrotere resistance water. as water water the the the touches of reduce hull out can hull the the It of lift buoyancy. to (fig.3.5) dynamic hydrofoils using as by designed be can nest fins the wing. stabilizer lower is The which the wings, by on lower flow acting the turbulent resistance on creates water hole that square and increase a fin, would leave the fins fins of the opened also of when and - surface boat resistance The the water the additional well. opened, create work are would can extra they these fins an that forward, the as is sailing works fins boat It stabilizer the the fin. If of stabilizer downside more. the boat is the which stabilize part, to additional keel an be has will wing aspect lower This The Especially, purpose. challenge. detail. this a in for section is design analysis best motor FEM the electric not the ton is in But one wing discussed an lower boat. the Holding the the of of of cost. shape maneuvering location the high and the a handling down, at closed better comes achieve and it to up turn minimal adjusted lifted is a be be with which can can around motors, turn motors wings electric to lower boat HP the the 200 allows Because motors the radius. the holding of is location The wings lower ton. one the of function main The Wings Lower on Aspects Mechanical 3.1.2 buoyancy the why yacht.[45] is the swing That to hull. strong a that as not much is worse because as wings boat lower design, volumes Volitan the the have with on swings not a problem motion do at the have This wings hull not lower one hull. would these with We other reacting monohull. the the are with with waves are than The they them. than between time distance different wide a with hulls h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 54 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. osntma hti sipsil u oetm snee ohv h ehooyto technology It the have hydrofoils. to with needed yacht is sailing time some long this. but meters like impossible 32 something is build a it for that example mean not no does is There long. ters iue35 Volitan-Hydrofoil 3.5: Figure h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 55 ullnt.TeVltndsg s3 me- 32 is design Volitan The length. the hull is approach this for problem other The surface. lifting foil only yacht the whole with the lift to want we when carefully very designed be turn- must These points ing hull. main the with point connect- ing the around wings ability lower same the the have Also, the point. around connecting motion rotational have and wings they lower the the to connected design are Volitan foils in hand, other the On Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h al/ig otems hnteei led h atoto,wihi eyeasy very is which their option, boat. all mast the along the of center fasten already mast to the is the logical at there very to build when is to boat It mast power. the the wind this to of against In sails/wings stability center-line the great hull. the them main gives at the it fixed to And consequently be length. mast, can the sails to the connected way, are sails the general, In Wings Upper on Aspects Mechanical 3.1.3 aeso hmt e h etaget ovr ulgtit electricity. into sunlight convert to solar angle the best allows the wings get upper these to of them mobility on The panels output. power the affects panel solar iue36 onso sailing of Points 3.6: Figure h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 56 usc111 h nl ficdneo the on incidence the of in angle learned the we subsec.1.1.1, As system. serves solar feature the for this design, Volitan the In extension. of an side with left yacht and the right the on fixed are they and other each from sails separated are the (wings) when complicated more structure much The is designs. regular the than manufacturing boat of cost effi- the the and of ratio ciency smaller in their common is not world are the boats of kind the why reason 145 The small hydrofoils. the with of rig catamaran side kg windsurfing left and size right big the on double a has TriFoiler[46]. of It Hobie examples called is the concept of this One in rare pretty design. is yachts’ design wing double The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. o odrsls ycoc ol etehg itwnsi ifi rtesymmetrical the or and airfoil used wingsail be lift to better high started have design. the airfoil Volitan to be of the order would type for in choice This airfoil modified My airfoil. easily results. symmetrical be good a can got be it of can but pictures it airfoil introduction and useful the lifting in a shown not is is which design, airfoil, Volitan the The air- best sailing. for the types of foil one the still But is sail. airfoil soft the sailboat than of easier control much is the sail And loads. experiencing excessive without sail taller a to achieve wingsails In the used structure. they Cup, soft America’s its to airfoil due sailboat adjustable typical is as the well one, As third sail. the of ad- points is any It for results. justable good really has and Cup America’s lift in used high is the which airfoil, is wingsail one in second The -reach, tack. or is port close-hauled sail the of on point the always unless suit- sailing not for are able modern They the airfoil. most called asymmetrical the is is which one one, first famous The di- sail. the of and direction rection wind accord- true them the of to ing position the pro- well airfoil as some files see we on- fig.3.7, efficiency In good board. a have impor- to another aspect is tant wings the of shape The h omo h oia ein datgsadDisadvantages and Advantages Design; Volitan the of Form The 57 iue37 ifi designs Airfoil 3.7: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. xhneteifrainfo h ttcsrcua nlssjs opee,ot the onto completed, just analysis structural automatically will static Claim the Space from cell. information solution the the topol- exchange over the solution, on the tracked running was After optimization added. ogy was solution stress equivalent the set, were . NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS 3.2 piiain ete a e h etwyt euethe reduce to product. way our best redesign the and see weight topology can first then the After we calcula- optimization, design. first calculating overall the when the of performing for parts higher block simpler to is wise a software is the as as it such tion software, body this simple using compo- a In the have of product. weight the the of reduce nents to engineers able the are optimization designers and topology of function the Using iue39 ANSYS-Sections 3.9: Figure h onaycniin n h ocsfrtepart the for Once forces the and function. conditions size boundary the the "proximity in the option using curvature" via and applied finer is condition get bound- the ary to where area changed the size around be especially The mesh, can elements meshing. specific for of elements more adjusted smaller be better, have can a to function have size To the result, detailed, generated. was there, From mesh the a Claim (fig.3.10). transferred Space was to geometry model the exchanging After used. and was use, CATIA to purpose, system this for which is on It choice ANSYS. designers to soft- the them Claim imported Space directly the and could in ware parts designed Volitan been also The have ANSYS. from STP to model in product V5 data the CATIA exchange design to 3D order CATIA the in files in stored created then were and parts V5 the design, this In 58 NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS iue38 ANSYS- 3.8: Geomerty Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. eetetre o xmnto nti td.Suyn h rs-etospoie an provides designed. cross-sections be the which should cross-sections, Studying the parts study. see how this to about in cut idea examination be two for can the target object Now, the the structural Claim. and were static Space together to new seen back a them be brings can to it systems result sections, transferred the the are updating transfers they After which results, space system. receiving System storage After Validation of Design ideal. lot not a the is also to solution, which and better computer main optimization, a a the topology create on for to than needed order long is load in too less detail, take much fine will remove very carry process in will which the meshed or mass were parts load for the any optimization If carry The section. not displacement, do force. volume, which reaction sections optimize: and all to stress, selected local been have stress, could global followings optimized, was the mass of the any aspect, design but this For (fig.3.9) analysis. optimization topology iue31:ANSYS-Launchs 3.10: Figure 59 NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. tmasta hsscinsol emr togyspotdta ntenx,less next, the in than supported strongly wing. more second, lower be the the of should In midpoint section the shafts. this is hollow which that structure, be means dense hydraulic can very It for bearing a handles the see the plain we In and the picture bearings designed. middle, for plain be journals the should for These wing opti- shaft lower the the cylinders. the see after how we structure of picture, inner idea left, the some first, us us show show which These cross-sections, mization. the see we fig.3.12 In usually metal, a from also and fiber 3D-Printers. carbon aluminum. of or need fiberglass from the manufactured without be manufactured the can be to They sandwich- can structure which The nearest optimization, the the harder. be of process would result manufacturing structures the honeycomb makes with composite it structured and long meters 9 around optimization-Lower wing ANSYS-Topology 3.11: Figure Wings Lower of Optimization Topology 3.2.1 60 ag - rne.Tepr is part The printer. 3-D large very a without shape this in actly ex- to products impossible some is manufacture it and web, spi- a der like looks It the optimization. of result the see we fig.3.11 In joints. the the allows in rotate then to It shafts free. dition con- boundary this of tangential component in- the makes is and support serted fixed the The for parts. condition to the added simulate are motor electric of the load the and forces water- resistance The wing. upper the fix cylinders to hydraulic two bearings the plain and two the for tered en- are conditions boundary The NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h ne tutr fti ato h oe igwl edsusdi h etsection next the in discussed be endpoint. denser will the two wing lower until these the wing for of lower detail. need part the in this the of of fill beginning structure can the inner bottom columns The from the structure main along Two the time showing this wing. lines, density, lower of the on the lines the shown continued of section, down two last moving section the those density In again of surface. are the lines there of short right, end two the towards also structure, are the of there middle interest, Of section. dense, tutr iia otewn ubn ld saporaefrti xlrtr einas a design designing 1.2.2. exploratory condition this subsec. this for the appropriate In in is best learned blade wing. the we turbine stiffness of wind high some the are to and similar fiberglass, weight structure and low fiber all a carbon achieve in of to equal hybrid point, choices almost a concentration high-stress is or is particularly fiberglass, pressure a structure fiber, has the the which carbon Because area means no areas. is optimization structure there all This the meaning on areas, of as pressure 3.13. disbursement information equal the figures almost much see these under as we of There give cross-sections not the wing. did lower in wing the for upper optimization the the for optimization topology The Wings Upper of Optimization Topology 3.2.2 iue31:ASSTplg piiainLwrwn’ cross-sections wing’s optimization-Lower ANSYS-Topology 3.12: Figure 61 NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hudb aeo itebtsrne aeilta abnfie,i re ohl the detail. hold in to section next order the in in fiber, discussed carbon be than will aspects material structure These stronger frame straight. bit The structure little idea. entire a good to of a therefore made be seat, would be the seats should around these bush around bearing structure plain strong the a for design density material high a is There iue31:ASSTplg piiainUprwn’ cross-sections wing’s optimization-Upper ANSYS-Topology 3.13: Figure 62 NY oooyOptimization Topology ANSYS Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA 3.3 ig oee,asml uldsg scetdt opeetefl itr fteboat the of picture lower full the and complete shoulder, to disc, created wing, is upper design design. are hull examined, simple a be However, will wing. that parts, the since sign iue31:VltnYctDesign Yacht Volitan 3.14: Figure 63 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA h culVltnde- Volitan actual the from design hull look the like not does the of product design hull The shoulders. with the hull main the and parts, rope four products, bearing plain shoulder two products, cylinder wing hydraulic four lower products, two prod- wing ucts, two prod- discs ucts, two lows; fol- is as sub-assemblies 17 It with design assembly an design. Volitan yacht the V5 analyze CATIA to in de- is signed the which see product, we fig.3.14 In Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. etadrgtmvmn fteuprwn,wihas od h pe igadconnects and wing and upper swiveling left the the holds swivel achieve also to can which part wing, which upper disc wing, the the of also upper movement right is the and There left is backward. there and forward connec- shoulder, tilt the the and right of at side extension upper an the is On arm shoulder. lever the This to wing arm. lower the lever of the point of tion help the with down e ihtopanbaig.W a e h osn ftepanbaigi h picture the in bearing plain the of housing shoul- the the right. see on the can fastened We in is wing bearings. lower plain The two extensions. with futuristic der these of load extra the all shoulder carry to strength the enough yacht. gives the It connec- with it strong tion hull, a main has the directly to attached Because is it and wing. wing hold lower to upper ledge the which the design, is the of part see shoulder right we the fig.3.15 the In iue31:VltnYctDsg etshoulder Left - Design Yacht Volitan 3.16: Figure iue31:VltnYctDsg ih shoulder Right - Design Yacht Volitan 3.15: Figure 64 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA h oe igu and up wing move lower can the They lower the wing. of arm lever the to them of side the other and shoulder the attachedto hydraulic are the cylinders of The base wing. lower the of movement fig.3.16) the in provide gold ored (col- cylinders hydraulic double-acting two The Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. yidia olrbaig,wihfse h icaduprwn oehrwt two with backward. together The and wing forward axis. upper tilting vertical and the the of disc in movement disc the turn the the fasten to allow fasten which wing housings, which upper bearings, the bearings, roller and plain cylindrical disc spherical 6 the thrust allow The shoulder, the part. with shoulder the with it owih,auiu stewne.I a esl tegho 0t 5N/mm 95 to 60 of strength strength of tensile ratio a the has at It look we winner. the If is properties. aluminum mechanical weight, The lower lighter to density, times has three methods. low also is Aluminum process but their steel metals. various lower of light than for of and because group suitable the wing material to are upper belongs framing aluminum they the material as and of use properties, structure to mechanical inner chosen good the is discuss Aluminum also will wing. the we about section, values this lowest In the of one has resonance. inertia mechanical of of (Subsec.3.1.1) moment risk the area axis. has bending the pulleys, time, rope same the the with point At tip its at wing upper iue31:VltnYctDsg oepulley Rope - Design Yacht Volitan 3.17: Figure 65 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA h o ftems.A men- As the mast. connecting previously, the tioned at of is top which the pulley, rope fourth the with wing one upper the other connects with The wing horn-pulley. upper the the of tip connects the them of one lo- wing (fig.3.17), upper the are of tip the ones at cated third and The second shape. its disc of horn- the because pulley called of is tip which the (fig.3.15), at one fixed first The is for wing. pulleys upper each rope four are position. There desired up- the the in wing holding per also wing. are upper They the for backward and the forward tilting provides of movement pulley Rope The 2 (MPa) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. u lmnmaly ohv uhbte esl teghadyedsrnt.They N/mm strength. 700 yield to and up strength of strength tensile tensile better a much achieve have can to alloys aluminum But stems omnyue aeili icat eopc,adwn nryindustries. to energy shape wind and give aerospace, to aircraft, in easy fiber material very carbon used aspects, is commonly these most it the of that is Because cover means, (Subsec.1.2.2) can It covering/skinning. you by very fiber. fiber and carbon their carbon layer strength, of thin high because a constructions), material with lightweight covering/skinning anything for the as (perfect use density to low chosen is fiber Carbon 00 N/mm 70000 n .%pofsrs fa es 0N/mm 20 least at of stress proof 0.2% a and 2 hc slwrta h ouu featct fsel(100N/mm (210000 steel of elasticity of modulus the than lower is which , 66 2 h ouu featct fauiu is aluminum of elasticity of modulus The . 2 . AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA 2 ). Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. onn h pe igt h Disc the to Wing Upper the Joining 3.3.1 1 hutbearing thrust PW SP n cover, one mrneta muto oc,tnest aevr togbaig tteconnection the to at able bearings be strong to very wind have upper to the needs for force,it order of In amount kN). that (14.7 embrance Newton 14700 be would force wind housing ti rud25P e:.) n ftewn istewn ietya h 90 the at directly wing the hits wind kph), the 100 if is And wind (eq:3.5). the Pa of 245 (velocity around conditions is weather it bad in pressure wind the calculate h pe ig1 s1, ogadhs6 m 60 has and long m 14,4 is wing(1) upper The B pe wing, upper . B 11 Front view 33) of oneupperwing two symmetricalbearing-housings Section viewA-A foroneofthe ) , , A A 8 12 10 Screw . ehnclwtrsatsa ring, seal shaft water mechanical . Screw . 2 (29260) shaft, . 130 10 75 9 5 iue31:Uprwn oln Bearings Rolling - wing Upper 3.18: Figure , M M 3 7 pe housing, upper . w K oberwclnrclrle bearing roller cylindrical row double SKF two . 6(8 36 0( 20 w icsfroecover one for pieces two icsfroehousing one for pieces 2 1 8 4 12 oe housing, lower . 67 8 3 4 6 Section viewB-B 11 13 pcrsleeve spacer . 2 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA ufc rao ahsd.I we If side. each on area surface ) ) , , 9 11 7 Screw . screw . 5 Cover, . 75 13 300 (5 M icsfroehousing one for pieces 6 M peia roller Spherical . 0( 20 6(6 36 ( w icsfor pieces two Isometric view NNU ◦ icsfrone for pieces nl,the angle, 4960 B/ ) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. rao h oln lmns tmastepanbaighsahge rcinls by loss friction higher a has bearing plain bearings. the rolling small means bearing the a It rolling than on off the the elements. rest start hand, of they rolling other since ring the the elements, inner of On moving area and rollers). between ring or resistance lower outer balls significantly of the has form between in elements velocity are rolling relative which (these the option elements bearing, bearing create rolling stronger no to a have used be they to are because considered bearing, be rolling can the bearing than plain the general, In points. in h aclto ftebaigrtn iegaate h ucinlsft fthe of safety functional condi- the our tool guaranteed for the life best in rating the joints bearing suits the machine. the which of for tool, calculation conditions calculation The work via tion. online the weblink bearing of (see life the information rating choose the bearing and enter the manufacturers calculate can to bearings We tool rolling calculation [47]). the a have that SKF is the bearings as such plain the over advantage rope Another with wing upper the the of make top our would the it. it In at move because force to more easily easily. pulley moves put more we wing move if upper complicated can the more that parts situation important improves the very off is therefore start the it movement, of by case, friction the angle low Having of best speeds, joints. smoothness wing low the bearing upper the rolling at get the The work for to friction. choice will little best or bearings with the loads the is wind high condition, at the and this frequently catch change In speeds to where panels. moved solar often the on be incidence will wing upper The C e 0 = . 80 xouefco,cmie eh n utfco 0612 (3.1) (0.6-1.2) factor gust and heiht combined factor, exposure ρ 1 = . 225 kg/m C d 3 0 = est fair of density . 65 68 rgfco sae 00-.5 (3.2) (0.09-1.15) (shape) factor drag P = C v e AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA ∗ 100 = C d Q ∗ kph Q s 1 = s 245 = idsed(3.3) speed wind / 2 ∗ . ρ 75 ∗ a P v 2 (3.4) (3.5) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. iwi g31 eseoeuprwn ihtobaighuig hsfiigo both on fixing This housing. wings. bearing upper two The the wing with of upper stability wing isometric axis. the the the upper In to increases axial one side wing. same see the upper the we the on into fig.3.18 at shaft in and shaft the view screws(9) locks the connection 2 This blocks with screws(10). the cover(5) shaft 2 blocks with the the housing to the and bearing fastened of axes is The separation cover(5) radial The possible. lower the other. montage the on each and the 8 to housing makes shaft with screws(6) upper parts fastened 6 the two with as into is parts fastened housing housing two are the has they housing and and The housing housing(3,4) disc. bearing the the to screws(8) in are of movement bearings the These high block achieve to (fig.3.18) to bearing direction. thrust bearing axial roller roller the spherical in cylindrical wing 2 shaft row and upper the double joints each radial the words, in simple 4 strength In total with selected. are fastened three spherical SKF(6)) is in one (29260 and bearing bearing SKF(7)) Two B/SPW33 the thrust 4960 separate roller bearings. (NNU can linear-motion bearings roller and we cylindrical bearings, row aspect, aspect double axial(thrust) relevant this which bearings, a In in radial and is rotate as blocked. DOF or categories move the be to able bearings, should be the it should of shaft direction the construction direction which the in at on depending look to selected want are we bearings If roller the why the is also That are bearings, bearings the diameters. application. roller the shaft of The for large ring anymore. for lower significant choice there not and better if is upper a And bearings the ball bearings. between the ball of movement than advantage loads relative greater slow to a subjected is be can bearings roller The 69 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 7 ring, o rbe hstm.Ulk h pe ig h icae oeto nri is inertia of moment area disc is the torque wing, starting vertical upper the the the because in Unlike disc application the time. this with freedom this for of turn problem selected degree to a are one wing not has upper bearings disc the Plain The allows upper This the housing. axis. joining bearing axis. the vertical roller about connected the the subsection is on with and the disc wing finished the upper just to the have carries wing We which plate, shoulder(2). a the like look to part the is disc(1) The .. onn h ict Should to Disc the Joining 3.3.2 ( 1 GE oe hutpanbearing, plain thrust Lower . Disc, . 240 10 Screw . 2 ESL Shoulder, . 2 1 2 310 SSKF LS M 3 0(4 20 pe T upper . ) , 6 iue31:Ds li Bearings Plain - Disc 3.19: Figure icsfroedisc one for pieces pe hutplainbearing thrust Upper . 8 − etrn pin centering . shaft, 6 5 7 11 8 4 oe T lower . 4 3 70 ) 10 , (2 11 pieces − Screw . shaft, AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA 9 ) ( , GB/T 9 130 5 ehnclwtrsatseal shaft water mechanical . ailshrclpanbearing plain spherical radial . M 122001 9162 6(4 36 icsfroedisc one for pieces GX 200 S ) , ) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ern hr.TelwrTsati atndwt cest h pe T-shaft. upper the to plain screws thrust 4 lower with the fastened fix is the to T-shaft of lower designed movement The is the could T-shaft(4)) there. blocks bearing cover(lower bearing bearings the a two so then disc these And the between of upward ledge bearings. bottom the The the block in there. drilled should attached is blocks bearing be hole and a plain disc why the thrust is on That lower resting movements. is blocks The position bearing bearing plain disc movements. thrust second second downward upper the This The the was the one. problem why disc. first another is the the But that to hold related disc. direction, the to both of used in movements upward secured is any be bearing(7) to plain has It thrust movement disc. second axial the the to case, screws this 4 In with fastened is it (fig.3.19) and T-shaft easier. disc upper montage the the the to why made is part allows That extra an harder. much as be manufacturing designed would the is disc, disc the the of of extension transporting an also as radial and designed be a would and T-shaft(3) upper bearing the If axial condition. an loads of radial combination higher A be the not for loads. should possible which axial is can loads, the bearing radial bearings of tolerate plain 50% also thrust can than The they greater (link[48]). but loads, bearing of axial plain combination plain absorb spherical suggested mainly thrust thrust a two a is and and It radial selected. ESL-2LS-SKF)(5) a are 240 GX200S)(6,7) (GE 9162-2001 (GB/T bearing bearing plain spherical radial but properties. One corrosion-resistant operation their low-speed of in because are problem they big case, a our connection not In and is installation shafts. it the and of also housing They costs as lows are acceptable. such their They structure with is costumers effort the properties. sealing for little attractive damping are therefore good contamination, com- and the they towards resistance, design, tolerant compact break their resilience, to due high lightweight are bine bearings plain the and though interlocking Even designed are teeth and disc, the and because shoulder torque the slip-free. speed, starting between therefore operating built high to be generate be can standstill can can gear-system from torque it The disc starting small. the the very And accelerate is to which axis. gear-system vertical a rotation/the by of generated axis the on greatest the 71 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. onn h oe igt h Shoulder the to Wing Lower the Joining 3.3.3 1 ahhousing each 9 n housing one aet oeta fe steuprwn,ta swyee hyaei low-speed in are they application. even this why for is suitable still that not is wing, does bearings wing upper plain more lower of the much the use are as Also, The bearings often operation, radius. rolling that large The move this to mm. for have 330 bearings is plain the shaft than wing’s expensive lower the of radius The ring seal shaft water pe li ern lc housing, block bearing plain Upper . oe anbaigshell, bearing main Lower . A ) ) Section viewA-A , , 5 6 4 osn cover, Housing . Screw . Top view B B iue32:Lwrwn li bearing Plain - wing Lower 3.20: Figure 260 1 M 2 10 2(4 52 3 yidia pin, Cylindrical . 7 trsa O seal ater W . 4 icsec housing each pieces A 2 oe housing, Lower . 6 72 7 Section viewB-B 10 − 8 11 9 11 13 ring, i upyhole, supply Oil . AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA ) 3 , 8 Screw . 5 pe anbaigshell, bearing main Upper . Screw . 12 670 130 12 M M Mechanical . 2(4 52 Isometric view 6(4 36 icsfor pieces icsfor pieces Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. etha ispto 12.Teeoeteemtrascnb sdfrti ae 3.20 case. this for and used often strength be high very can have materials are which these housings Therefore iron, bearing cast (1,2). plain dissipation nodular heat or The best iron impor- cast housing. an grey is bearing dissipation from plain heat manufactured the why follows which is for axis, that topic rotation heat, tant the produces in friction motion because The continuous range velocity. the friction have angular mixed not the does in wing lubrication lower in the work bearings plain wing’s the lower is The which POM the of pores the the in and lubricant . layer, the with layer, bronze means retain top build to sintered which stored backing, are is steel time, them grease coating, of The of copper POM. Most period are which long layers, conditions. four a operating the for difficult lubrication in maintenance minimal minimal with because operate condition operating can this they for suitable are bearings plain POM/maintenance-free properties. brinelling/corrugation vibration, false fretting. with no by and caused situations damage rust, in bearing no bearings is in, Corrugation rolling digging The no than surface. their choice running of and better rolling because elements a by rolling the are surfaces on to contact bearings vibration damage the to plain a lead in create are can micro-movements forces that forces induce These and shaft bearings vibrations line. propeller The shaft the the joint. therefore via the wing, wing lower lower the the into on transmitted the mounted and is designed propeller are The they(8,9) Therefore bearings plain pieces. radial Two-piece diameters. two to in large used. well addition be for as in should housing(1,2) used forces also often axial bushings more absorb collar the are also why should is wing that lower forces, the for bearing The 73 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 6 cigo h ee r,tmslnt ftelvrami h oc cst h ee arm lever the to acts force the if arm is lever which the force, of 90 the length motion. the by times with rotary calculated arm, the is lever into cylinder, the motion the on linear from acting is generated the that convert is movements, which to lever linear moment, designed the The generate is to cylinders arm(7) side hydraulic lever other The the the why and wing(5). shoulder lower lower active the the the to two of for attached have range arm is motion cylinders base(2) necessary cylinder hydraulic the The gives double-acting wings. feature lower These this the and movement of axis. of motion directions rotation rotary its the on provide wing cylinders(2,3,4) hydraulic double-acting The n edsai seal static head and Shoulder, . anhull, Main . ◦ 2 nl.I h nl ewe h yrui yidradtelvrami less is arm lever the and cylinder hydraulic the between angle the If angle. 7 yidrbs ihtpadclne head cylinder and top with base Cylinder . ee arm Lever . ) , 3 iue32:Lwrwn yrlccylinder Hydrolic - wing Lower 3.21: Figure so o ihpso seal, piston with rod iston P . 5 7 74 4 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA yrui oil, Hydraulic . 1 3 ( yidrha ihbfe seal buffer with head Cylinder 6 4 5 oe wing, Lower . 2 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hn90 than h ig hudb bet ar hi w egtadtelas hc r occurring are which loads, the and weight own their carry to able frame be wing’s should upper wings the The for needed skin. really fiber not carbon are light spars main- its to box of paneling The fuselage. because metal smooth and loads. with wings high that conjunction resistance, very in the air spars tain of high box in skin the invented strength outer they necessary construction, why the the is maintain aircraft for not the iron could In design corrugated new the spars. These use wing to powerful more started using they via lift more generated .. nenlSrcueo h pe Wing Upper the of Structure Internal 3.3.4 iue32:Itra tutr fteUprWing Upper the of Structure Internal 3.22: Figure ◦ rmr hn90 than more or ◦ h oetdecreases. moment the , 75 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA rm tutr.They structure. its frame for spars) (I-profile beam H-profile an uses which wings, thicker by the replaced were wings developed thin technol- is wing ogy the As strength. necessary the and shape required the tain main- to wires stiff- with ened and shaped frames were These be- section. cross- round its speed, of cause high for resistance the air for reducing suitable actly ex- not was bamboo the but material, bamboo of made were frames fuselage and wings the ago Years Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. n o h oeple ttetpo h igaeaddt xtebody. the fix to added are wing wing the the of of top bottom the the at at pulley bearings rope the rolling the of the for size the for and deciding conditions After boundary selected. the linear are the elements elements, than parabolic are calculation analysis elements stress this for parabolic In especially the elements. accurate very options, more is parabolic are size they or element reduce because linear optimal selected, can the the from mesh selecting CATIA why finer In is A That important. much. meshing. very for speed and elements processing smaller and have for the to better etc.) mesh function a elements quadratic, a have and (linear, generate to nodes the the higher-order subsection, to adjust of previous up can the we material opened result, in the detailed learned be more we as should As selected manager analysis. is analysis element aluminum the finite CATIA, then in And designed frame. is frame the After same the had We keep balance. should in loads. structure wing This supporting sec.3.2.2 upper should the the the hold body in optimization the to the topology fastened, able ANSYS of are be from strength shafts outcome to the bearing enough increase the strong to where designed spars rips end, two be wing other These 6 the located. these On are with wing. arms also upper handle other rope pulley each connection the The rope to where the connected wing. where the wings, are the of is the tip where spars of the these section, at tip of other the the each point from to connecting are wing, extend and upper They located are the pulleys frame. with the fastened direction to is longitudinal attached shaft the are bearing in run and which wing using stiffeners, the via are reinforced support of stringers further and skin skin be forces fiber can The construction the carbon stringers. This of absorb skin pressure. sheets spars the the spread I-profile and and covered These spars ribs is the transverse which skin. the two ribs, and fiber of moments, wing carbon made bending ribs/metal of frame transverse a sheets 6 of some and consists within spars (fig.3.22) I-profile Wing support Upper the main of issues. Structure critical Internal some our The has In point. this location wing. sections their previous the of joint the of because the in critic top is are learned the have pulleys one at we rope last pulleys the As the of rope and forces the load supporting and wind the group the case, bearings first is the The one of groups. second forces main the supporting 3 weight, into own categorized its be be can would loads These sailing. the during 76 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. o oy hc s1 eeslong. meters dangerous 14 identify very is to be which can design body, resonance wing mechanical a of upper for risk the the The for because quantities. necessary frequencies real resonant very to its also near car- is result dynamic analysis the as have frequency such to natural place calculations the can take detailed Therefore calculation should More this analysis situation. capacity stronger. but rying the structure much of wing wings overview upper the an the give make for just will critical some not it occurs with is covered and that pressure be factors, skin will maximum the wing fiber upper with carbon the kN) of of kN). (14.7 frame sheets (14.7 The N N condition. 14,700 14700 weather be be bad would to a it during calculated force, was the force to spars wind main The two the on pressure the convert h ufc ftetomi upr -rfiesaswt h ufc rao . m 6.2 of area surface the with spars I-profile support main two the of surface the u rsue 28Ma(28N/mm (12.8 Mpa 12.8 pressure, mum iue32:CTA-vnMsssrs pe wing Upper - stress Mises von - CATIA 3.23: Figure 2 ,wihocr ne ,7 N/m 2,370 under occurs which ), 77 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA ro teso tleast N/mm at 20 of stress proof N/mm 95 to 60 of a strength has tensile It methods. cess pro- various for is suitable it and properties, cal mechani- low good the density, of mate- because framing rial as cho- sen is aluminum fore, be- mentioned As 2.5 tons. weights and aluminum frame 14m-long is a structure The CA- TIA. in analyzed and then CATIA in de- is signed up- which the wing, per of see frame we the fig.3.23 the In cl,w e h maxi- the see we scale, 2 2 ntestress the In . 2 n 0.2% a and rsueon pressure 2 fwe If . Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. rsue 1.3448* pressure, .%pofsrs fa es 0N/mm 20 least at of stress proof 0.2% a ihismtr,tedietrs fteeeti oo a ob ae noaccount. into going taken is be yacht to has the motor If electric the resistance. of water thrust given drive a the and motors, motor its electric with one-ton the of load os sw eebrteauiu a esl tegho 0t 5N/mm 95 to 60 of strength tensile a has then 10 aluminum and weights CATIA the and in remember frame designed aluminum we is 9m-long As which around is wings, tons. structure lower The the ANSYS. of in frame analyzed the see we fig.3.25 In because deformation wing lower resistance.(fig.3.24) the on water aviod added experience to are will area rips also the part More stiffen which this point. to added, weak well are the as strengthen I-beams section to lower more frame the 2 the section, of upper point twist the the at cover structure stronger a get to of Wing Lower Structure the Internal 3.24: Figure Wing Lower the of Structure Internal 3.3.5 Isometric View 10 7 a(348N/mm (13,448 Pa otelwrpr a aecr fteise And issue. the of care towards take on can go part and lower frame the the to fixed of are I- which beginning main frame, the two the at of The middle the structure. at down the beams to of up middle from the moving at density of lines was observation two third the the And next/lower wing. the the of section than have structure should stronger/denser wing the a of observa- section second upper The the was same. tion the stays frame strength the the of while mass the be reduce can to cylinders shafts hydraulic hollow the for handles bearings the plain and the for shafts opti- the topology that was the mization, of result designed. the are cross-sections’ be which the pictures, from should set frame we awareness the first The how on use- ideas some us ful given has optimization topology subsec.3.2.1. The the in discussed was design frame The 2 o aln odtos hc cusudrthe under occurs which conditions, sailing for ) 2 78 ntesrs cl,w e h maximum the see we scale, stress the In . AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA 2 and Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. xeso r ohl h 0 Peeti oo ntesd fteboat. the looking of good side a the is on It motor but electric wing. lighter HP lower 200 designed the the used be of hold be to look to can frame elegant arm color) the extension the blue enables spoil light would stiffener the modification This be in this fig.3.27 can point. the wing that in lower strengthen shown the is to of (which problem stiffener A This the on solved. weight boat. extra the ton of one side holding adds of which purpose motor, the electric for tons) an (10 heavy too is frame This the red). (fig.3.25) in circle twist the the into taken at is I-beams part right main pressure, two max the these represents under which also color, can red We the needed. see are computa- calculations detailed dynamics More just fluid situation. can tional the calculation of this overview but an critical structure give wing not upper is the pressure much some for maximum wings with the the make covered Therefore will it be stronger. and will skin fiber wing carbon pa- upper of the sheets the of wing. of lower one the frame is on going The forces external is the yacht calculate the to fast rameters how case, this In iue32:ASS-vnMsssrs oe Wing Lower - stress Mises von - ANSYS 3.25: Figure 79 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA iue32:Lwrwing stiffener Lower 3.26: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. nesadhwbgtecag ftemmn fietabtentedsg ihwings with design to the conditions between not two inertia not are of wings. these moment are yacht without of the and design ratio Volitan of the the change the the calculate from big of can get how we parts understand we nevertheless quantities the but the values All therefore exact CATIA, the inertia this wings. in of In the detail moment the in without level. between designed and difference theoretical wings the the of the at ratio with 3.1.2 the calculate subsection will in we subject subsection, comfort. this sailing better mentioned a have gives We This greater motion. the of has, it state inertia its yacht more in The usual changes the wings. resist lower than to and greater tendency wings is upper design its yacht Volitan of the because designs of inertia of moment mass VolitanThe the of Inertia of Moment Mass 3.3.6 xoue h pe igsfaei lo4tmslgtrta h oe igsframe. wing’s lower solar-panels however, the significant, of than is lighter efficiency above mentioned times solar best as 4 maneuvering having the in also advantages get about wings’ is lower to also frame The move wing’s is can upper it which The inertia, times wings, exposure. greater 4 upper achieving a the have about resistance. on to just water panels worth increase not 50% would is weight around increased it by The Although mass inertia. total of the moment mass increasing greater Is beneficial? it Is of center the mass. to dis- bodies/wings the additional to of due difference tances biggest the see the on we subsection x-axis previous the in mentioned we As 27.47%. by wings the just with increases z-axis the on inertia of moment The 90.4%. wings the by with increases y-axis the on inertia of moment The wings. than without times design 4 increases the wings design the Volitan with x-axis the the of on inertia of moment mass 55.77% The by increases mass total The 80 iue32:Vltn-Coordinate - system Volitan 3.27: Figure AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. t ai fpromnet t ot ae h oe igls trcieta h upper the than attractive less wing lower the makes costs wing. its to performance of ratio its 81 AI 5Aayi fteDesign the of Analysis V5 CATIA Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. oa oe savr sflwyt eeaeual nryfo h u o estimating for sun the from energy usable generate to way useful a very as a such is projects power Solar big for model projects. use the navy in in or still done projects the are be ship because basins to merchant anymore large used model very necessary were ship which that the tests, not Nevertheless, same is basins. the basin simulate model can ship software a CAE in testing find model can Ship For engineers the level. that certain so a concept, to this projects. get of their to aware for research funding be has more and should needs new investors it is reason, Therefore, boats that for examples. concept This few Volitan a examined. the are only concept wind-powered chapter wind-powered of and introduction solar and example the the solar to extraordinary in related the boats the are which of analyzing factors, main aspects by The analyze detail design. yacht to more was in thesis boats master concept this of aim The solutions in the reduction further. of develop a one can are achieve we boats to which concept emissions, role wind-powered carbon important and for solar very The a emissions. has carbon transportation and logistics for h mato abneisoso u niomn n nu sa motn issue. important an is us on and 1,5 environment a to our warming on global Limiting emissions carbon of impact The Conclusions 4 Chapter ◦ sesnilfrorwrdsftr.Adeco-innovation And future. world’s our for essential is 82 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hudb oet nac h ufc ult fruhtplg aa hs hpscan shapes These data. topology rough of quality surface corrections or the design some enhance spider-webs to Therefore, like done surfaces. were be smooth should optimization have not the did suitable They after not rocks. shapes usually shattered were parts’ redesign optimization and The weight topology the manufacturing. by reduce optimized for to parts, option The best product. the the give can result optimization topology following The the gave thesis, this parts: in design’s yacht done Volitan are the which about analyses, and researches its The product of optimization. for because topology FE-analysis programs as for best such study methods the this analysis of material in one excellent recommended are product was ANSYS improves ANSYS and that CATIA development. times, engineering development lifespan. aided and and CAE-Computer costs quality development and product design lower aided are CAD-Computer of benefits the The speed. of maximum more speed the used max for are resistance fuselage, the wind aircraft’s on an the impact like reduce big look to which a often hulls, has the design Therefore, hull yacht. the sailing that shows competitions. researches with Cup The America’s wingsails at The sails favorite assorted. sail new are the to profiles are higher cross-section flap easy wing These upwind and taller the speed sail built wingsail. higher for can the be allows of they can profiles cross-section control They therefore engineered of and years. purity structure Their ten faster. strong last the their in of attention because more getting are Wingsails but stability. problem better stabilization for the heeling topic some with this still The or on have hull investigations hydrofoils catamaran many speeds. with a are like boats higher there design The achieve hull hydrofoils. wide to a of obstacles with use the out balanced of be one can moment is moment technology. effective heeling and simple The its of batteries be because lithium-ion can application Tesla batteries this e-motor. for the the choice case, operate best this to the In later are electricity. for electricity of the source store electricity only to enough the used generate as not motor can electric panels an Solar for boat. the for consumption power small 83 Conclusions Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hmcno n udn obidteata einbcuetecsso manufacturing of costs high. the very because are of design designs most actual However, these the of awards. build of to tons funding win find and cannot competitions them design designs green eco-friendly in that famous shows very it are interviews, experts and own. examples book, their the conducting a of After design them a giving develop by The to easier yacht. aspects work important their sail concept the making eco-friendly all wind-powered and functioning explains and people a which the solar build informing the to on of want is handbook who focus a investors, an as the used be for be not boats can would thesis fiber master carbon My of design choice yacht the Volitan why the mechanical is But that its yacht, though fiber. meters exaggeration. even glass 32 than fiber, luxury better glass a much strong than is and that expensive light not have more to is is upper skin performance the fiber fiber of carbon frames Carbon of These sheets rips. some parts. wing with 6 covered aluminum, and of be spars made should I-profile also wings is main which two wing, with upper rope enough resonance the the stiff mechanical of of is Also, frame risk The the wing. bring location. each their point, for of tip wing’s needed because the angle are at DOFs, best bearings located 2 the are expensive requests which get mobility 9 pulleys, DOFs, the to side, these them other get on the to panels on and but solar electricity the into allow sunlight wings convert to upper the of mobility 6 for The and enough spars, strong I-profile is additional aluminum, more of two made spars, is ribs. I-profile transverse which main two wing, with lower cylinders, condition hydraulic the bearings, its ma- of plain boat frame big and the The inertia as of such etc.. moment parts mass expensive the has it in advantages but neuvering some giving is wing lower The developed. be to 3D-printer ready The aspects quality. surface of the lots enhancing has after technology 3D-printers the with out printed be 84 Conclusions Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ito Symbols of List weight W area A pressure P force F hrceitclength characteristic L µ ν distance b height h o speed flow u position x velocity v ρ hrceitcetra field external characteristic g distance a ihigarm righting r time t ieai viscosity kinematic viscosity density m [ [ [ s N ] [ [ m kg 2 kg [ ] m [ [ [ [ N [ ] kg [ m m m ] ] m [ / ] / ] ] / m ] s / m [ (m m / 2 2 ] s ] ] ] ∗ )] s) m [ [ m 2 / ] ] s m [ / s 2 ] 85 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Abbreviations ASReylnolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes RANS TPSadr o h xhneo rdc oe data model Product of Exchange the for Standard STEP A outrAddManufacturing Comupter-Aided CAM E iieEeetMethod Element Finite FEM A optrAddDesign Computer-Aided CAD M rdc ieyl Management Lifecycle Product PML O ereo Freedom of Degree DOF A optrAddEngineering Computer-Aided CAE F opttoa li Dynamics Fluid Computational CFD N ietNmrclSimulation Numerical Direct DNS S nandSraeVehicle Surface Unmanned USV T tnadTinl/eslainLanguage Triangle/Tessellation Standard STL E Large-Ebby-Simulation LES MMtcnrcHeight Metacentric GM MHeigMoment Heeling HM LWaterline WL Moment Reaction RM CNmrclControl Numerical NC PHorsepower Union European HP EU VPhotovoltaic PV ZRgtn Arm Righting GZ DTredmninlForm Three-dimensional Form Two-dimensional 3D 2D etro Gravity of Center G Keel K eteo Buoyancy of Centre B 86 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. 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Springer, . o Studien- no. , 2011. , Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ito Figures of List .4Hdoee...... 26 25 ...... 22 . . . . 23 ...... 21 . 22 ...... 16 . 18 ...... 17 ...... 15 ...... 15 ...... Hydrotere ...... 1.24 . . . . 16 ...... Rocket . . . 14 . . . Sail . . . . 13 . . . . . 1.23 . . . . section ...... cross ...... Blade ...... 1.22 ...... Weave ...... 1.21 . . . . strand ...... of ...... Angle 11 . 10 ...... 1.20 ...... 9 ...... Aspects . . Vortex ...... 1.19 - . . . . . section ...... cross ...... Blade . . . blade ...... 1.18 a ...... on ...... forces . 9 . . . . . Aerodynamic ...... 7 1.17 ...... 8 . . . GM . . . . . Negative ...... 1.16 . height . . . . . metacentric ...... and . . . 6 . Metacentre ...... yacht . . 1.15 . . . sailing . . . . . a . 8 ...... in . . Forces ...... 1.14 ...... Buoyancy ...... 1.13 ...... force ...... heeling . . . Surfing ...... 1.12 . . . . 3 . . . sails ...... on . Forces . . . . 5 . . . . . 1.11 . Seabubbles . . . . . by . . . . . Bubble . . The ...... Saildrone . 1.10 . . . 3 . by . . . Saildrone ...... Ship . 1.9 . . . Observer . . . Energy ...... [13] . . PlanetSolar . 1.8 . . . Turanor . [13] MS . . . . Sailor . . . Solar . . . by . 1.7 . . Sailor . [13] Solar . . . SolarLab . . by . . . Boats 1.6 . . . Shuttle . Solar ...... 1.5 . . Battery . Tesla . . . . Panel . 1.4 Solar . Li-ion on Recycling . Angle Tilt . of 1.3 boats Impact for The system propulsion PV 1.2 in Losses 1.1 92 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .4VltnYctDsg 63 ...... 59 . 58 ...... 57 58 ...... 56 ...... 60 ...... 62 ...... 55 ...... 61 ...... Design . . Yacht . . . Volitan ...... 3.14 . cross-sections . . . wing’s ...... optimization-Upper . . . 53 . ANSYS-Topology ...... 3.13 . . cross-sections . . . . wing’s . . . . optimization-Lower . 52 . . 50 ANSYS-Topology ...... 3.12 ...... wing . . . . 51 optimization-Lower . . . . . ANSYS-Topology ...... 3.11 ...... ANSYS-Launchs ...... 3.10 ...... ANSYS-Sections ...... 3.9 ...... ANSYS-Geomerty 49 ...... 3.8 designs ...... Airfoil 48 ...... sailing . . 3.7 . of . . . . . Points ...... 45 . . 3.6 . . . . . Volitan-Hydrofoil . . . Catamaran . . . . vs . . Volitan . . 3.5 2 . . vs 48 . Example . . Monohull 44 . . - . . . 46 inertia . . 43 . of . . 3.4 . . moment . . 44 . . Area . Design . . . Yacht . . . Volitan . . . . . of . . 3.3 . . . . parts . . . . . The ...... 38 . . 3.2 . Design . . . . Yacht . . . Volitan ...... 3.1 . . . . [40] . . . . 43 . Basin ...... Model . . . . Vienna . [40] . . . . in . Basin . . Testing . . . Model . . . . . Vienna 2.12 ...... in . . . . . pool . . . . The . . . (Geosim) . . . Similar 2.11 . [40] . . . 39 . Geometric Basin . . . . - . Model . . Extrapolation . . Vienna . . in . 2.10 . Visual . . tunnel . . - . Cavitation . . 34 . RANS . . . 32 vs . . . . LES . 2.9 29 . Modeled . . vs . - . DNS . . . . RANS . . . vs . . . . . LES . . 2.8 . . . . . vs . . . DNS . . . . eddies . . . . . small . . . 41 into . . 2.7 . . . . eddies . . . Large . . . . velocity . . . . 27 . fluctuating . . . 31 . 2.6 and . . . . velocity . . . Average . . . . 27 fluids ...... incompressible 30 flow . . 2.5 . . of . . channel . flow . . A . . . . the ...... Describe . . . . . - . . 2.4 . . . . Equations optimization . . . . Navier-Stokes . . . . topology . . . . a . . . . of . . . . 2.3 . . . . example . . . . An ...... 2.2 ...... ANSYS ...... 2.1 ...... process . . . . design . . Engineering ...... 1.31 ...... Views . . . . Section . Volitan . . . . . 1.30 . . Capabilities . . Movement . . Wings . . Solar . . . Components 1.29 . & . . Parts . . System . Volitan . . . 1.28 ...... AC75 . 1.27 2 . Ship Observer . Energy . 1.26 . Greenbird 1.25 93 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .6Lwrwn tffnr...... 79 80 ...... 79 . . . . 78 ...... 77 ...... 75 . . . 74 . 72 . . . 70 ...... system 67 . . . . Coordinate . . . . - ...... Volitan ...... 3.27 . Wing . stiffener . . . . . Lower . wing . - . . . . . Lower . stress 65 ...... 3.26 Mises . von ...... - . . . . . Wing . ANSYS . Lower ...... 3.25 the 64 . wing of . . . . . Upper Structure . . . . . - . Internal . stress . . . . . 3.24 Mises . . . . . von . . 64 . . - Wing . . . . CATIA . . Upper . . . . 3.23 the . . of ...... Structure . . . . . Internal . . . cylinder . . . 3.22 Hydrolic . . . . - . . . . . wing . . . Lower . . . bearing . . 3.21 Plain . . . - . . . . . wing . . Lower . . . . 3.20 Bearings . . . Plain . . - . . . Disc . Bearings . . Rolling 3.19 . . - . . wing . Upper pulley . . Rope 3.18 . . - Design . Yacht Volitan shoulder . Left 3.17 . - Design Yacht Volitan shoulder Right 3.16 - Design Yacht Volitan 3.15 94 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ito Tables of List . oprsnTbebtenCDadEprmn...... 40 ...... 20 . . Experiment. . and . CFD between Table Comparison [22] From materials. 2.1 fiber different between comparison Instructive 1.1 95 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 96