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© Human Factors Guidelines U. S. Department of Transportation for the Evaluation of the Federal Railroad Administration Locomotive Cab Office of Research Jordan Mutter and Development Robert Rudich Washington, D.C. 20590 Kevin Yearwood DOY/FRA/ORP-95/ Final Report -wv September 1995 pobttc'lhrffugh the National technical Information Service, Spfingfield, VA22161 .1 -.• NOTICE • This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB NO. 07044188 Public reporting burden for this collection ..including the time.forr reviewing,instructions,reviewing.instructions, seari needed, and completinging and reviewingre' the colleetii or any other 2SS?L?fofK'LS011?*!00 this collection ofOT-fnTormation,Inf inc uding suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters :!5X4c?ffc»Dir.SSt2£aSS2202-4302. and to thftf85*InformationOffice of HanaoetnentOperatic™flixTButCet.'PBpS^yQrlrend Reports, 1215_JeffersonBcduet^on ProWDavis Highway.rHWnimn,SuiteUA«h7Aatn«1204, Arlington.KrbtaMVA 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 1995 Final Report April 1994 - July 1995 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Hunan Factors Guidelines for the Evaluation of the Locomotive Cab RR528/R5228 6. AUTHOR(S) Jordan Hulter, Robert Rudich, Kevin Yearwood 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of Transportation REPORT NUMBER Research and Special Programs Administration John A Volpe National Transportation Systems Center DOT-VNTSC-FRA-95-15 Kendall Square Cambridge, HA 02142 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAHE(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING U.S. Department of Transportation AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Federal Railroad Administration Office of Research and Development D0T/FRA/ORD-95/ 400 7th Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) This document presents human factors guidelines for the evaluation of the locomotive cab. These guidelines are part of an effort to evaluate working conditions and safety in the locomotive cab. The guidelines will serve as a decision making tool for evaluating current and proposed locomotive designs and in particular Association of American Railroads (AAR) standards for defining industry requirements in cab design. The hunan factors concerns addressed by the guidelines can be divided into two themes: working conditions and information technology. Chapters within the guidelines address the following topics: heating, ventilation, air conditioning, noise, vibration, toilet facilities, general considerations for cab layout, ingress and egress, visibility, seating and workstation design. Workstation design includes both hardware and software issues. Within each chapter, hunan factors considerations are presented within the context of relevant operational issues and specific recommendations are offered. The guidelines were developed from a variety of sources. Journal articles, handbooks, reference guides and papers applicable to hunan-machine systems in general as well as literature specific to the problems of locomotive cab design and operation were examined. To make the guidelines as relevant as possible, members of the railroad committy (major railroads, manufacturers, AAR, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers) were consulted. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 228 human factors, locomotive cab, design guidelines, locomotive design, working conditions, safety 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (RevT ribed by ANSI Std. % n r\ r? % n PREFACE In 1992, Congress passed legislation (PL 102-365), requiring the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) to complete rule making activities relating to the improvement of safety and working conditions in locomotive cabs. The FRA is charged with the task of assessing standards developed by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) on crashworthiness and working conditions that affect safety and productivity. As part of this effort, the FRA must conduct research and analysis to address these issues. The development of human factors guidelines for the evaluation of the locomotive cab is part of the FRA's research effort to evaluate working conditions and safety in the locomotive cab. The guidelines will serve as a decision-making tool for evaluating current and proposed locomotive designs and in particular, standards developed by the AAR for defining basic industry requirements in cab design. To accomplish the task of developing guidelines, we performed a review of the literature and spoke with representatives of the major railroads, manufacturers, AAR and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. Authors collected and reviewed papers, handbooks, reference guides applicable to human-machine systems in general as well as materials specific to the problems of locomotive cab design and operation. To make the guidelines as relevant as possible we spoke with members of the railroad community to better understand the current problems with current cab designs and obtain a sense of what the future needs are likely to be and how they may be accommodated. This study was funded through the Federal Railroad Administration's Office of Research and Development managed by Garold Thomas. We would like to thank Garold Thomas and Tom Raslear for their valuable comments and feedback as this report evolved. We would like to thank the many individuals who contributed to this document. We owe a special thanks to Tim Jones of AAR, who gas us a broad picture of the current issues with which the railroad industry is wrestling. We are grateful to the members of the EMD design group, John Handley, Harvey Boyd, Jay Davis, Rick Davis, Terry McCarl, John Stringer, Bill Donley, Walter Cleric and Marty Steel for sharing with us the manufacturer's design concerns and providing comments on a draft. We would like to thank, Francois Laporte of CN, Rick Schultz of GE, and George Keuhn of IITRI for their thoughtful comments. Finally, we would like to thank Anita Graffeo of EG&G/Dynatrend for her editorial expertise and putting this document together. 111 METRIC/ENGLISH CONVERSION FACTORS ENGLISH TO METRIC METRIC TO ENGLISH LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) LENGTH (APPROXIMATE) 1 inch (in) = 2.5 centimeters (cm) 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.04 inch (in) 1 loot (ft) = 30 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.4 inch (in) 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 meter (m) 1 meter (m) = 3.3 feet (ft) 1 mile (mi) = 1.6 kilometers (km) 1 meter (m) = 1.1 yards (yd) 1 kilometer (k) » 0.6 mile (mi) AREA (APPROXIMATE) AREA (APPROXIMATE) 1square inch (sq in, in') = 6.5 square centimeters (cm') 1squarecentimeter (cm2) = 0.16 squareinch(sqin,in2) 1square foot (sqft, ft3) = 0.09 square meter (m2) 1squaremeter (m2) = 1.2 squareyards(sqyd, yd2) "1'square yard (sqyd, yd') = 0.8 square meter (m2) 1square kilometer (km2) ° 0.4 square mile!(sqi(sqmi, mi2) 1square mile (sq mi, mi1) = 2.6 square kilometers (km1) 10,000 square meters (m'j = 1hectare (he) <= 2.5 acres 1 acre ° 0.4 hectare (he) ° 4.000 square meters (m2) MASS - WEIGHT (approximate) MASS - WEIGHT (approximate) 1 ounce (oz) = 28 grams (gm) 1 gram (gm) = 0.036 ounce (oz) 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg) 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds (lb) 1 short ton = 2,000 pounds (lb) = 0.9tonne ft) 1 tonne (t) = 1.000 kilograms (kg) ° 1.1 short tons VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) VOLUME (APPROXIMATE) 1 teaspoon (tsp) = S milliliters (ml) 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.03 fluid ounce (floz) 1tablespoon(tbspj 15 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (I) - 2.1 pints (pt) 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 30 milliliters (ml) 1 liter (I) = 1.06 quarts (qt) 1 cup (c) 0.24 liter (I) 1 liter (I) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 Pint <pt) 0.47 liter (I) 1 quart (qt) 0.96 liter (I) 1 gallon (gal) 3.8 liters (I) 1cubicfoot (cuft,ft2) ' 0.03 cubicmeter (m1) 1cubicmeter (mJ) « 36cubicfeet(cuft, ft2) 1 cubic yard (cu yd. yd') 10.76 cubictneter (m'i 1 cubic meter (m2) ° 1.3cubic yards (cu yd. yd') TEMPERATURE (exact) TEMPERATURE (exact) [(X-32H5/9)] °F = v °C [(9/5) v + 321 «C = X °F QUICK INCH - CENTIMETER LENGTH CONVERSION 0 1 2 3 4 5 r\ Inches Centimeters ~~i i i i I—I—i—i—i—I—i—i—r 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 QUICK FAHRENHEIT - CELSIUS TEMPERATURE CONVERSION .<! •F •400 -22° -4° 14" 32° 50' 68° 86s 104° 122" 140° 158* 176° 194* 212° "I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "C -40' -30° -20° -10° 10° 20* 30° 40' 50' 60' 70° 80° 90° 100' For more exact and or other conversion factors, see NBSMiscellaneousPublication286, Units of Weights and Measures. Price $2.50 SD Catalog No. C1310286 up**.,, ,„*,» IV Contents CONTENTS Section £agS 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Scope 1-6 1.3 Guidelines Organization 1-8 1.4 General Principles 1-9 2. KEY POINT SUMMARY 2-1 2.1 Cab Environment 2-1 2.1.1 Heating 2-1 2.1.2 Ventilation 2-1 2.1.3 Air Conditioning 2-2 2.1.4 Noise 2-3 2.1.5 Toilet Facility 2-3 2.1.6 Vibration 2-4 2.2 Cab Layout 2-5 2.2.1 General Design 2-5 2.2.2 Ingress and Egress 2-11 2.2.3 Visibility 2-11 2.2.4 Seating 2-12 2.3 Workstation Design 2-14 2.3.1 Controls 2-14 2.3.2 Electromechanical Displays 2-14 2.3.3 Auditory Devices 2-15 2.3.4 Dialog Design 2-15 2.3.5 Automation 2-20 2.3.6 Electronic (Computer Generated) Displays 2-22 2.3.7 Computer Input Devices 2-27 Contents Section 3.