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Marine Passion BIOLOGY & MEDICINE_Personal Portrait Marine Passion Instead of taking center stage as the prima ballerina she once wanted to be, Nicole Dubilier has become a star of the international science arena. The renowned scientist researches deep-sea bacteria and worms at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen. TEXT KLAUS WILHELM hat a laugh! Over and Nicole Dubilier is sitting in her modest over again, Nicole office on the first floor of her institute Dubilier erupts into in Bremen. Pinned to the notice board peals of deep, hearty, is a card with birthday greetings from contagious, spirited, the crew of the Maria S. Merian, and a W congenial and loud laughter. She sim- humorous “baptismal certificate” for ply can’t help it, it seems. Even if – or crossing the equator on the high seas more precisely, when – she is talking from the crew of the Meteor. The sparse about the things that mean the world office contains just a few desks and to her: science, family and the ocean. shelves lined with specialist books and The joyful, downright exuberant bi- publications. The window overlooks the ologist from the Max Planck Institute institute garden and pond, and Bremen’s for Marine Microbiology adopts an Bürgerpark forest is visible in the dis- equally upbeat tone when recounting tance – it is easy to see how the view tales about her excursions in the Atlan- could provide a source of inspiration. tic and Pacific Oceans with the research “Nicole von Wurm,” as the ironic, yet ships Meteor, Sonne, and Maria S. Meri- highly symbolic nameplate on her office an, when explaining symbiosis – that door reads, has been leading the now tightly knit “marriage of convenience” twelve-strong “Symbiosis” Research between various living organisms – or Group from this office since 2007. the new world of molecular biology that is gradually unveiling the secrets MENAGE À TROIS BETWEEN that lie behind the phenomenon of A WORM AND TWO BACTERIA symbiosis, or when simply talking about bacteria and worms. Yes, worms! The livewire from the coast – Nicole Spontaneity and candor come just as Dubilier has been living in Hamburg easily to this down-to-earth woman as since the 1970s – has had a formative laughter – and research. She likes sto- influence on this research field over the ries and life in general – and her own past decade. She was responsible for the life. All this is immediately obvious discovery of a new form of symbiosis: Photo: Björn Schwentker upon meeting her. a symbiotic menage à trois between a 62 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 10 Letting her hands do the talking: When Nicole Dubilier addresses students in the seminar room, she does not rely on speech and humor alone. Her animated facial expressions and vivid hand gestures also help her get her message across. 3 | 10 MaxPlanckResearch 63 BIOLOGY & MEDICINE_Personal Portrait » On three different occasions, Dubilier was tempted to throw in the towel, but each time she gritted her teeth and carried on. After a long six-year struggle, the determined and strong-willed woman finally received her doctorate. worm and two bacteria, from which, Olavius is also slim: with a diameter of Giere from the University of Hamburg, contrary to previous belief, all of the just 0.2 millimeters, it is a truly svelte observed a similar symbiotic relation- partners benefit. The discovery merited representative of the world of worms. ship in gutless worms that he found, a letter in the prestigious journal NATURE It is related to the lowly earthworm, a not in the deep sea, but on the coast of – the equivalent of a knighthood in the fact that does little justice to its highly Bermuda. These worms also thrived in world of scientific research. “I was ex- unusual features. The marine worm sulfide-rich sediment and appeared to tremely proud at the time.” She laughs. does not eat a bite of food, yet it lives host bacteria. It was a worm from the Mediterrane- very well. It has neither mouth nor Meanwhile, Nicole Dubilier was an shores of the island of Elba that “sud- stomach nor intestine nor bowels. In struggling with her doctoral thesis, denly changed my scientific life,” re- fact, it lacks a digestive tract altogether. which involved a physiological study. counts Dubilier. Nothing in her early The anatomist would also search its Although the topic concerned worms, years had suggested that this was how body in vain for kidney-like organs for she found it rather uninspiring. The things would turn out: she had not dis- the excretion of waste products, such as weather on the north German island of sected earthworms as a child to watch ammonium and urea. Sylt, where she did her fieldwork, was how they regenerated themselves, nor miserable. “I had my own personal rain did she develop any great passion for the THE HOST GUARANTEES cloud,” she laughs. She had always firm- species in the early stages of her biology PROXIMITY TO THE FOOD SOURCE ly believed that a career should involve studies. On the contrary: like all second- passion and fulfillment. And now this! semester biology students, she had to As far back as the early 1980s, American She had given up on her first dream dissect an earthworm and study its anat- scientists discovered tubeworms at the of becoming a classical ballerina at the omy, and read the notorious sentence in bottom of the deep sea – on black smok- age of 15. Prior to that, she had practiced “Kükenthal,” the seminal German text- ers at boiling hot hydrothermal vents with unwavering dedication at the bal- book on practical zoology, to the effect that spew a hellish soup from the depths let barre every afternoon after school. that: “The variety of the structures, their of the Earth. The soup is fortified with She even passed the entrance examina- organization and order, and the way the hydrogen sulfide, the gas that makes rot- tion for the prestigious training school colors of the tissues are coordinated will ten eggs smell bad and is poisonous to of the renowned Stuttgart Ballet. Then inspire all but the very dullest among almost all animals. The tubeworms defy everything changed. As a teenager, she us.” Dubilier laughs: “If that’s the case, this risk with the help of an ingenious became very interested in the politics of I must have been very dull indeed.” trick: at some point in their evolution, the time. “It was impossible to have a Sometimes an appreciation for the they assimilated bacteria that chemical- sensible conversation with those ballet fascination that lies in the unusual does ly convert the hydrogen sulfide and thus girls.” A loss for words is foreign to her not develop until later on in life. Lack- render it harmless to them. nature, and empty chatter no less so. ing as it does the impressive physicali- Through this process, these bacteri- And, “my dancing career would have ty of a whale and the entertainment al “sulfide oxidizers” obtain energy that been over by the age of 30 anyway.” This value of a dolphin, the marine oligo- they use to fix CO2 into organic car - woman is judicious in her actions. She chaete Olavius algarvensis is clearly bon. The entire spectacle is nothing approaches every aspect of life with a no poster species of the marine world. more than a classical symbiotic re- lively mind and sharp intellect. However, it is no ordinary species ei- lationship as, in return for the nour- Nonetheless, she held on to her ther: that would not suit Nicole Dubi- ishment, the host guarantees its guests dream of fulfillment. While she was lier. The exotic creature, which is just constant proximity to their source doing her doctorate, however, the one to two centimeters long, burrows of nutrition. In short: a community next dream also appeared to have through the sediment of the sandy formed by two living organisms for shattered: that of becoming a fulfilled ocean floors of Elba’s shallow coastal their mutual benefit. researcher, someone who is so en- waters. Under the microscope, its body Soon after the discovery of the hy- grossed by their subject that they even is milky-white and wound like the coils drothermal vent tubeworms, Nicole muse on it creatively while taking a of an immersion heater. Dubilier’s doctoral supervisor, Olav shower. On three different occasions, Photo: Björn Schwentker (top, 2), MPI for Marine Microbiology 64 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 10 1 2 1 The microtome is a device for cutting extremely thin sections of material embedded in a block of wax. 2 Nicole Dubilier rarely finds the time to tinker with the microtome 3 Well nourished despite the lack of a digestive tract: Olavius algarvensis, an oligochaete and relative of the earthworm, might not have a mouth or digestive system, but that does not mean it has to starve. The organism, which is only about two centimeters long, has bacterial endosymbionts to thank for this. 3 3 | 10 MaxPlanckResearch 65 1 1 Dialogue in the institute’s Lander workshop: Nicole Dubilier discusses improvements to the equipment with the sea technician, Marc Viehweger. 2 Laughter is an essential part of the process: Nicole Dubilier clearly enjoys her work. 3 Looking back at the last sea voyage: Nicole Dubilier discusses a map with a hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with some members of her team – (from left) Caroline Verna, Karina van der Heijden, Silke Wetzel and Dennis Fink. 2 3 66 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 10 BIOLOGY & MEDICINE_Personal Portrait » The eldest of four children, Nicole Dubilier comes from a distinguished background. Her father was an American businessman and her mother a descendant of the renowned Berlin physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond and Fanny Mendelssohn, sister of composer Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy.
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