An Ontology of Landscape and Seascape in Greenland: the Linguistic Encoding of Land in Kalaallisut 1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Ontology of Landscape and Seascape in Greenland: the Linguistic Encoding of Land in Kalaallisut 1 AN ONTOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE AND SEASCAPE IN GREENLAND: THE LINGUISTIC ENCODING OF LAND IN KALAALLISUT 1 LENORE A. GRENOBLE, HILARY MCMAHAN UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO AND ALLIAQ KLEIST PETRUSSEN GUX, SISIMIUT The linguistic encoding of landscape and seascape in Kalaallisut, an Unangan-Yupik- Inuit language spoken on the west coast of Greenland, exists within a complex domain of spatial language, coming together with a coastal-based orientation system and an extensive demonstrative system anchored in the geophysiography of Greenland. In this paper we describe the Kalaallisut landscape lexicon, unpacking its categorization as well as the close relationship between landscape and toponyms. As a framework for our analysis, we use the principles of ethnophysiography and the study of landscape terminology to present a culturally specific ontology for Kalaallisut. The categorization of landscape features is shaped by both the physical topography of the land and the cultural practices of engagement with the land, resulting in the primacy of shape, material, and function, particularly within the context of navigation. [KEYWORDS: Inuit, Greenland, landscape, spatial deixis] 1. Introduction. This paper describes the linguistic encoding of land- scape in Kalaallisut (ISO 639-3 kal), a Unangan-Yupik-Inuit language spoken 1 Research on this project was funded by the Visiting Committee of the Division of the Humanities, University of Chicago; NSF BCS-1056497, The Lexicon of a Polysynthetic Lan- guage; NSF IGERT-0801490, Polar Environmental Change (Ross Virginia, PI, Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College); a Dissertation Research Travel Grant from the Division of the Humanities, University of Chicago; and the American Philosophical Society’s Phillips Fund for Native American Research. We are grateful for their support. Particular thanks go to Carmen Caswell for creating the maps, and to Bryan Head for his help with the cluster analysis. We would especially like to thank Carl Chr. Olsen (puju), Knud Johansen, Pauline Johansen, Lene Kielsen Holm, Magdaline Kleist, Birthe Kleist Petrussen, Hanseeraq Petrussen, Nuka-Dorthe Kleist Petrussen, Tikaajaat Kristensen, Miilla Lennert, Ivalu Mathiassen, Avijâja Jepsen, Nivi Olsen, Morten Heilmann, Vilhelm Willumsen, Mette L. Willumsen, Dennis Ingemann, Marius Elisasen, Evi Kreutzmann, ArnánguaK Lyberth, Paarnannguaq Egede Fisker, Martha Noahsen, Aviaja Quist, Johannes Olsen, Regine Therkelsen, and all the other speakers of Kalaallisut who spent time and energy to help us with our research. A special thanks to the anonymous referees, whose thoughtful comments greatly improved the paper. Any errors are our own. [IJAL, vol. 85, no. 1, January 2019, pp. 1–43] © 2019 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0020–7071/2019/8501–0001$10.00 DOI 10.1086/700317 1 7KLVFRQWHQWGRZQORDGHGIURPRQ-DQXDU\30 $OOXVHVXEMHFWWR8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV7HUPVDQG&RQGLWLRQV KWWSZZZMRXUQDOVXFKLFDJRHGXWDQGF 2 international journal of american linguistics on the west coast of Greenland. Kalaallisut exhibits a rich grammatical and lexical system for the encoding of spatial relations, embedded with envi- ronmental knowledge. The language family stretches from the eastern part of Siberia across Alaska and the Canadian Arctic to Greenland. The Inuit branch, which includes Kalaallisut, forms a rough dialect continuum from northwest Alaska across Canada to Greenland; thus, Kalaallisut is closely related to the Inuit languages of eastern Canada. The Inuit languages of Greenland fall into three main groups: Inuktun (Avanersuarmiutut or North Greenlandic), Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic), and Tunumiisut (East Green- landic). Kalaallisut is the official (standard and standardized) language of Greenland, based on central dialects spoken in the Sisimiut/Nuuk/Maniitsoq area, along the west coast. We argue for a complex interplay between language, culture, and envi- ronment: the categorization of landscape features is shaped by the physical topography of the land on the one hand and the cultural practices of engage- ment with the land on the other. We demonstrate that culturally specific con- ceptual ontologies are encoded in Kalaallisut landscape terms. Our analysis uses the frameworks of ethno-physiography (e.g., Mark et al. 2011) and what we might call landscape linguistics, a term we coin from work on the study of the linguistic encoding of landscape terminology (land, sea, geographical formations) and how this terminology is related to spatial language and ori- entation systems (e.g., Burenhult and Levinson 2008; Turk et al. 2012). Our study of landscape linguistics informs work in sociotopography (Palmer et al. 2017:457), which similarly argues that “spatial language shows sensitivity to features of the topography, but this is mediated by the way speakers interact with the landscape.” 1.1. Why landscape? A commonality to all languages is the need for a mechanism through which to describe the physical environment in which speakers interact. Though the environments are diverse, all humans experi- ence landscape in some form, and language must be able to make reference to it, in whatever ways are necessary for human interaction and functioning. Thus, landscape provides a common domain through which cross-linguistic comparisons can be made. Landscape terminology requires the discretization of a geologically con- tinuous surface, such that the landscape categories that result from nam- ing are a product of the speakers and encode culturally shaped ontologies and conceptual templates (Burenhult and Levinson 2008; Levinson 2008). Ethno physiography studies the relationship between the continuousness of the Earth’s geological surface and inherently discretized landform terminology used to describe it. The domain of landscape is thus necessarily segmented through a linguistic/cultural system allowing for variation in the discretiza- tion of the same landscape. 7KLVFRQWHQWGRZQORDGHGIURPRQ-DQXDU\30 $OOXVHVXEMHFWWR8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV7HUPVDQG&RQGLWLRQV KWWSZZZMRXUQDOVXFKLFDJRHGXWDQGF the linguistic encoding of land in kalaallisut 3 Affordances are often identified as playing an important role in the con- struction of landscape categories, such that elements of the landscape with similar functions in human interaction are likely to be grouped together (Turk et al. 2012). Levinson (2008) suggests several possible motivations for the category formation of the landscape domain achieved linguistically: percep- tual/cognitive salience, affordances, and conceptual templates and cultural beliefs. Landforms and topography, hydrology, and vegetation are the most important natural landscape domains with respect to affordances, the char- acteristics of the physical environment relating to its potential usability or potential interaction, in particular by humans (Turk et al. 2012:2). Landform terms and place names are the two fundamental and universal linguistic manifestations of landscape (Burenhult and Levinson 2008). Many questions arise in regards to landscape and place names in a language: How is landscape divided into categories and what motivates this categorization? How is the landscape lexicon organized? What gets named? What land features are labelable? What is the relationship between landscape terms and place names? Does hierarchy play a role in naming practices? This article begins to address these questions for the case of Kalaallisut language use by speakers in Greenland, where the single largest category of toponyms is derived from landscape terminology. 1.2. Greenland and Kalaallisut. Research on the sociocultural concep- tion of space and place in the Arctic (e.g., Collignon 2006; Holton 2011) has shown a deep connection between Arctic indigenous communities and their physical environment, expressed linguistically through place names, landscape, and orientation systems. The ancestors of the Inuit who inhabit Greenland today, the Thule or proto-Inuit, migrated there from western Arc- tic regions, arriving in the Thule (Qaanaaq) area. The date of their settlement is controversial, but archaeological evidence and carbon dating point to no later than the thirteenth century (Friesen and Arnold 2008; McGhee 2000). Prior to their arrival, Greenland was inhabited by the Dorset people, who were supplanted by the Thule; modern Inuit are descendants of the Thule people, who are named for the place in northwest Greenland where their archaeological remains were first found. The arrival of the Thule people resulted in rapid expansion along both coasts, spreading what can be con- sidered proto-Greenlandic (Fortescue 1986). The result of this expansion was the settlement of regions along the coast, with subsequent migrations around the coast. The net result of these migrations and more recent resettlements is that the majority of the population lives in West Greenland today. Critically for our purposes, settlements are coastal, as seen in the map of Greenland in figure 1, with the area where we have focused our research circled. Greenland encompasses more than 2 million square kilometers, and the terrain varies considerably from north to south. The northernmost parts of 7KLVFRQWHQWGRZQORDGHGIURPRQ-DQXDU\30 $OOXVHVXEMHFWWR8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV7HUPVDQG&RQGLWLRQV KWWSZZZMRXUQDOVXFKLFDJRHGXWDQGF 4 international journal of american linguistics FIG. 1—Map of Greenland with major towns. Created by Carmen Caswell using data from the Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark (GEUS). Greenland are tundra climate with sea ice, whereas the southern
Recommended publications
  • STAND-Policy-Handbook-July 2021
    POLICY-MAKER/RESEARCHER HANDBOOK: POLICY-MAKER /RESEARCHER HANDBOOK S T A N D C A N A D A HOW TO BE INCLUSIVE OF FIRST NATION, MÉTIS, AND INUIT COMMUNITIES Author: , Policy Prepared July 2021 Version 1. Olaide Bankole Researcher Editor: Diana Anton, Co-Director of 01 Strategic Policy TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. .....................................................................Introduction 4. .............................................General Best Practices 5. ........................Best Practices for Policy-Makers 6. Examples of Positive Policy Making Practices 8. .............................Best Practices for Researchers 11. ...What To Do: A Checklist For Researchers 12. ..........................................................Helpful Resources 14. ............................................................................Conclusion 15. ...............................Appendix A: Key Terminology 02 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this handbook is to identify some basic guidelines for researchers and policy makers wishing to engage meaningfully with First Nation, Métis, and Inuit (FNMI) communities, and provide some resources to begin the process of meaningful inclusion of FNMI voices in policy and research work. In 2015, Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Committee (TRC) released Calls to Action specifying specific actions Canadians should take to begin the process of reconciliation with First Nations, Métis, and Inuit people. Researchers and policymakers have substantial opportunities to do the work of reconciliation when it comes to creating
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Maps of Locations Mentioned in Global Review of The
    Regional Maps of Locations Mentioned in Global Review of the Conservation Status of Monodontid Stocks These maps provide the locations of the geographic features mentioned in the Global Review of the Conservation Status of Monodontid Stocks. Figure 1. Locations associated with beluga stocks of the Okhotsk Sea (beluga stocks 1-5). Numbered locations are: (1) Amur River, (2) Ul- bansky Bay, (3) Tugursky Bay, (4) Udskaya Bay, (5) Nikolaya Bay, (6) Ulban River, (7) Big Shantar Island, (8) Uda River, (9) Torom River. Figure 2. Locations associated with beluga stocks of the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska (beluga stocks 6-9). Numbered locations are: (1) Anadyr River Estuary, (2) Anadyr River, (3) Anadyr City, (4) Kresta Bay, (5) Cape Navarin, (6) Yakutat Bay, (7) Knik Arm, (8) Turnagain Arm, (9) Anchorage, (10) Nushagak Bay, (11) Kvichak Bay, (12) Yukon River, (13) Kuskokwim River, (14) Saint Matthew Island, (15) Round Island, (16) St. Lawrence Island. Figure 3. Locations associated with beluga stocks of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Canadian Arctic and West Greenland (beluga stocks 10-12 and 19). Numbered locations are: (1) St. Lawrence Island, (2) Kotzebue Sound, (3) Kasegaluk Lagoon, (4) Point Lay, (5) Wain- wright, (6) Mackenzie River, (7) Somerset Island, (8) Radstock Bay, (9) Maxwell Bay, (10) Croker Bay, (11) Devon Island, (12) Cunning- ham Inlet, (13) Creswell Bay, (14) Mary River Mine, (15) Elwin Bay, (16) Coningham Bay, (17) Prince of Wales Island, (18) Qeqertarsuat- siaat, (19) Nuuk, (20) Maniitsoq, (21) Godthåb Fjord, (22) Uummannaq, (23) Upernavik. Figure 4. Locations associated with beluga stocks of subarctic eastern Canada, Hudson Bay, Ungava Bay, Cumberland Sound and St.
    [Show full text]
  • NAT ANP, Volume II March 2018
    NORTH ATLANTIC (NAT) AIR NAVIGATION PLAN VOLUME II Working Copy March 2018 Working Copy This version of the Working Copy of the 1st Edition of Volume II of the NAT Air Navigation Plan (NAT eANP) (Doc 9634), dated November 2017, includes the following approved amendment(s) which have not yet been published: P. f. Amdt. Date Date Originator Brief Description Serial No. Approved Entered Portugal & Table ATM II-1 (L576, T13, rev T16, 07 Nov 07 Nov II 17/10-ATM NAT SPG T25) 2017 2017 Part I–GEN, Table CNS II-3, Table CNS II 18/03- II-5, Table MET II-1, Table MET II-3, 19 Feb 19 Feb GEN/CNS/MET Denmark Table SAR II-1, Table AIM II-1 and 2018 2018 /SAR/AIM Table AIM II-2 21 Feb 6 March II 18/02-MET Portugal Table MET II-1 2018 2018 NAT ANP, Volume II March 2018 NAT ANP, Volume II March 2018 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 0 — Introduction ............................................................................................................................. …0-1 PART I — General Planning Aspects (GEN) ............................................................................................. …I-1 General Regional Requirements Table GEN II-1 — Homogeneous areas and major traffic flows identified in the NAT Region Specific Regional Requirements PART II — Aerodromes / Aerodrome Operations (AOP) ........................................................................ …II-1 General Regional Requirements Table AOP II-1 — Requirements and capacity assessment in international aerodromes in the NAT Region Specific Regional Requirements PART III
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Greenland Bulletin 185, 67-93
    Sedimentary basins concealed by Acknowledgements volcanic rocks The map sheet was compiled by J.C. Escher (onshore) In two areas, one off East Greenland between latitudes and T.C.R. Pulvertaft (offshore), with final compilation 72° and 75°N and the other between 68° and 73°N off and legend design by J.C. Escher (see also map sheet West Greenland, there are extensive Tertiary volcanic legend). In addition to the authors’ contributions to the rocks which are known in places to overlie thick sedi- text (see Preface), drafts for parts of various sections mentary successions. It is difficult on the basis of exist- were provided by: L. Melchior Larsen (Gardar in South ing seismic data to learn much about these underlying Greenland, Tertiary volcanism of East and West Green- sediments, but extrapolation from neighbouring onshore land); G. Dam (Cretaceous–Tertiary sediments of cen- areas suggests that oil source rocks are present. tral West Greenland); M. Larsen (Cretaceous–Tertiary Seismic data acquired west of Disko in 1995 have sediments in southern East Greenland); J.C. Escher (map revealed an extensive direct hydrocarbon indicator in of dykes); S. Funder (Quaternary geology); N. Reeh the form of a ‘bright spot’ with a strong AVO (Amplitute (glaciology); B. Thomassen (mineral deposits); F.G. Versus Offset) anomaly, which occurs in the sediments Christiansen (petroleum potential). Valuable comments above the basalts in this area. If hydrocarbons are indeed and suggestions from other colleagues at the Survey are present here, they could either have been generated gratefully acknowledged. below the basalts and have migrated through the frac- Finally, the bulletin benefitted from thorough reviews tured lavas into their present position (Skaarup & by John Korstgård and Hans P.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Dokument
    Udskriftsdato: 2. oktober 2021 BEK nr 517 af 23/05/2018 (Historisk) Bekendtgørelse om ændring af den fortegnelse over valgkredse, der indeholdes i lov om folketingsvalg i Grønland Ministerium: Social­ og Indenrigsministeriet Journalnummer: Økonomi­ og Indenrigsmin., j.nr. 2017­5132 Senere ændringer til forskriften LBK nr 916 af 28/06/2018 Bekendtgørelse om ændring af den fortegnelse over valgkredse, der indeholdes i lov om folketingsvalg i Grønland I medfør af § 8, stk. 1, i lov om folketingsvalg i Grønland, jf. lovbekendtgørelse nr. 255 af 28. april 1999, fastsættes: § 1. Fortegnelsen over valgkredse i Grønland affattes som angivet i bilag 1 til denne bekendtgørelse. § 2. Bekendtgørelsen træder i kraft den 1. juni 2018. Stk. 2. Bekendtgørelse nr. 476 af 17. maj 2011 om ændring af den fortegnelse over valgkredse, der indeholdes i lov om folketingsvalg i Grønland, ophæves. Økonomi- og Indenrigsministeriet, den 23. maj 2018 Simon Emil Ammitzbøll-Bille / Christine Boeskov BEK nr 517 af 23/05/2018 1 Bilag 1 Ilanngussaq Fortegnelse over valgkredse i hver kommune Kommuneni tamani qinersivinnut nalunaarsuut Kommune Valgkredse i Valgstedet eller Valgkredsens område hver kommune afstemningsdistrikt (Tilknyttede bosteder) (Valgdistrikt) (Afstemningssted) Kommune Nanortalik 1 Nanortalik Nanortalik Kujalleq 2 Aappilattoq (Kuj) Aappilattoq (Kuj) Ikerasassuaq 3 Narsaq Kujalleq Narsaq Kujalleq 4 Tasiusaq (Kuj) Tasiusaq (Kuj) Nuugaarsuk Saputit Saputit Tasia 5 Ammassivik Ammassivik Qallimiut Qorlortorsuaq 6 Alluitsup Paa Alluitsup Paa Alluitsoq Qaqortoq
    [Show full text]
  • [BA] COUNTRY [BA] SECTION [Ba] Greenland
    [ba] Validity date from [BA] COUNTRY [ba] Greenland 26/08/2013 00081 [BA] SECTION [ba] Date of publication 13/08/2013 [ba] List in force [ba] Approval [ba] Name [ba] City [ba] Regions [ba] Activities [ba] Remark [ba] Date of request number 153 Qaqqatisiaq (Royal Greenland Seagfood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 219 Markus (Qajaq Trawl A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 390 Polar Princess (Polar Seafood Greenland A/S) Qeqertarsuaq Vestgronland [ba] FV 401 Polar Qaasiut (Polar Seafood Greenland A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 425 Sisimiut (Royal Greenland Seafood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4406 Nataarnaq (Ice Trawl A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4432 Qeqertaq Fish ApS Ilulissat Vestgronland [ba] PP 4469 Akamalik (Royal Greenland Seafood A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4502 Regina C (Niisa Trawl ApS) Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] FV 4574 Uummannaq Seafood A/S Uummannaq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4615 Polar Raajat A/S Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] CS 4659 Greenland Properties A/S Maniitsoq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4660 Arctic Green Food A/S Aasiaat Vestgronland [ba] PP 4681 Sisimiut Fish ApS Sisimiut Vestgronland [ba] PP 4691 Ice Fjord Fish ApS Nuuk Vestgronland [ba] PP 1 / 5 [ba] List in force [ba] Approval [ba] Name [ba] City [ba] Regions [ba] Activities [ba] Remark [ba] Date of request number 4766 Upernavik Seafood A/S Upernavik Vestgronland [ba] PP 4768 Royal Greenland Seafood A/S Qeqertarsuaq Vestgronland [ba] PP 4804 ONC-Polar A/S Alluitsup Paa Vestgronland [ba] PP 481 Upernavik Seafood A/S Upernavik Vestgronland [ba] PP 4844 Polar Nanoq (Sigguk A/S) Nuuk Vestgronland
    [Show full text]
  • The Committee for Greenlandic Mineral Resources to the Benefit of Society
    to the benefit of greenland The Committee for Greenlandic Mineral Resources to the Benefit of Society Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland · P.O.Box 1061 · Manutooq 1 · DK-3905 Nuussuaq · +299 36 23 00 · [email protected] University of Copenhagen · Nørregade 10 · DK-1165 Copenhagen K · +45 35 32 26 26 · [email protected] table of contents foreword .................................................................................................................................................................4 structure .................................................................................................................................................................5 introduction .........................................................................................................................................................6 exploitation of greenlandic natural resources for the benefit of society ................8 Scenarios for Greenland’s future ............................................................................................................................ 16 Scenario 1: Status quo ........................................................................................................................................... 16 Scenario 2: Greenland becomes a natural resource exporter ................................................................................... 17 Scenario 3: Resource value is optimised through a wealth fund .............................................................................. 20 Scenario 4:
    [Show full text]
  • Greenland Explorer
    GREENLAND EXPLORER Valleys and Fjords EXPEDITION IN BRIEF The Trip Overview Meet locals along the west coast of Greenland and experience traditional Inuit settlements Visit the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO World Heritage Site The west coast of Greenland is Europe’s final frontier, and sailing along it is Explore historic places from Norse the best way to sample its captivating history, enthralling wildlife and distinct and Viking eras culture. Explore places from the Norse and Viking eras, experience the Spot arctic wildlife, such as whales, birds and seals Ilulissat Icefjord—a UNESCO World Heritage Site— and visit two Greenland Cruise in a Zodiac to get up close to communities, encountering an ancient culture surviving in a modern world. glaciers, fjords, icebergs and more For trip inquiries, speak to our Polar Travel Advisers at 1. 844.205.0837 | Visit QuarkExpeditions.com for more details or get a free quote here. and geography of Greenland, your next Itinerary stop. Join expedition staff on deck and on the bridge as they look out for whales and seabirds, get to know your fellow Ban Bay GREENLAND DAY 1 | ARRIVE IN guests or simply take in the natural REYKJAVIK, ICELAND ARCTIC beauty that surrounds you. CIRCLE Arrive in the Icelandic capital in the Eqip Sermia Ilulissat morning and make your way to your DAY 4 | EAST GREENLAND Sisimiut Kangerlussuaq Experience a true arctic ghost town Itilleq included hotel. You will have the day Scoresby Sund to explore the city on your own. In when we visit the abandoned settlement Nuuk of Skjoldungen, where inhabitants the evening, join us at your hotel for a Skjoldungen Denmark Strait welcome briefing.
    [Show full text]
  • Ilulissat Icefjord
    World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1149.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Ilulissat Icefjord DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: DENMARK CRITERIA: N (i) (iii) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): The Ilulissat Icefjord is an outstanding example of a stage in the Earth’s history: the last ice age of the Quaternary Period. The ice-stream is one of the fastest (19m per day) and most active in the world. Its annual calving of over 35 cu. km of ice accounts for 10% of the production of all Greenland calf ice, more than any other glacier outside Antarctica. The glacier has been the object of scientific attention for 250 years and, along with its relative ease of accessibility, has significantly added to the understanding of ice-cap glaciology, climate change and related geomorphic processes. Criterion (iii): The combination of a huge ice sheet and a fast moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs is a phenomenon only seen in Greenland and Antarctica. Ilulissat offers both scientists and visitors easy access for close view of the calving glacier front as it cascades down from the ice sheet and into the ice-choked fjord. The wild and highly scenic combination of rock, ice and sea, along with the dramatic sounds produced by the moving ice, combine to present a memorable natural spectacle. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Located on the west coast of Greenland, 250-km north of the Arctic Circle, Greenland’s Ilulissat Icefjord (40,240-ha) is the sea mouth of Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the few glaciers through which the Greenland ice cap reaches the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • (Laksebugt), South-West Disko, Greenland – Implications for Sea-Level Reconstructions
    Beach-ridge architecture constrained by beach topography and ground-penetrating radar, Itilleq (Laksebugt), south-west Disko, Greenland – implications for sea-level reconstructions PRISCILA E. SOUZA, AART KROON & LARS NIELSEN Souza, P.E., Kroon, A. & Nielsen, L. 2018. Beach-ridge architecture constrained by beach topography and ground-penetrating radar, Itilleq (Laksebugt), south-west Disko, Greenland – implications for sea-level reconstructions. © 2018 by Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 66, pp. 167–179. ISSN 2245-7070. (www.2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin). https://doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2018-66-08 Detailed topographic data and high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection data are presented from the present-day beach and across successive raised beach ridges at Itilleq, south-west Disko, West Greenland. In the western part of the study area, the present low-tide level is well Received 24 November 2017 defined by an abrupt change in sediment grain size between the sandy foreshore and the upper Accepted in revised form shoreface that is characterised by frequently occurring large clasts. The main parts of both fine and 19 April 2018 large clasts appear to be locally derived. Seaward-dipping reflections form downlap points, which Published online are clearly identified in all beach-ridge GPR profiles. Most of them are located at the boundary 7 September 2018 between a unit with reflection characteristics representing palaeo-foreshore deposits and a deeper and more complex radar unit characterised by diffractions; the deeper unit is not penetrated to large depths by the GPR signals. Based on observations of the active shoreface regime, large clasts are interpreted to give rise to scattering observed near the top of the deeper radar unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008
    N O R D I C M E D I A T R E N D S 10 Media and Communication Statistics Faroe Islands and Greenland 2008 Compiled by Ragnar Karlsson NORDICOM UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2008 NORDICOM’s activities are based on broad and extensive network of contacts and collaboration with members of the research community, media companies, politicians, regulators, teachers, librarians, and so forth, around the world. The activities at Nordicom are characterized by three main working areas. Media and Communication Research Findings in the Nordic Countries Nordicom publishes a Nordic journal, Nordicom Information, and an English language journal, Nordicom Review (refereed), as well as anthologies and other reports in both Nordic and English langu- ages. Different research databases concerning, among other things, scientific literature and ongoing research are updated continuously and are available on the Internet. Nordicom has the character of a hub of Nordic cooperation in media research. Making Nordic research in the field of mass communication and media studies known to colleagues and others outside the region, and weaving and supporting networks of collaboration between the Nordic research communities and colleagues abroad are two prime facets of the Nordicom work. The documentation services are based on work performed in national documentation centres at- tached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. Trends and Developments in the Media Sectors in the Nordic Countries Nordicom compiles and collates media statistics for the whole of the Nordic region. The statistics, to- gether with qualified analyses, are published in the series, Nordic Media Trends, and on the homepage.
    [Show full text]
  • Value in Each Taxon Name from 2016, the Date of Genbank Reference Database Download
    Table S1: Metadata for study taxa. ∗Dates were calculated by subtracting "years before present" value in each taxon name from 2016, the date of GenBank reference database download. Taxon ID Accession Number Subgenotype Date Location 208 PENDING D 2008.21 Sisimiut, Greenland 214 PENDING D 2008.21 Sisimiut, Greenland 218 PENDING D 2008.21 Itilleq, Greenland 248 PENDING D 2008.21 Sisimiut, Greenland 267 PENDING D 2008.21 Sisimiut, Greenland 268 PENDING D 2008.21 Sisimiut, Greenland 345 JN792905 D 2004.96 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 417 PENDING D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 422 PENDING D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 437 PENDING D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 449 JN792912 D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 473 JN792907 D 2004.96 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 1205 JN792909 D 1998.87 Itilleq, Greenland 1509 PENDING D 2009.71 Itilleq, Greenland 1776 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 2031 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 2132 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 2335 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 2903 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 2943 JN792904 D 1998.87 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 2951 JN792908 D 1998.87 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 2952 JN792911 D 1998.87 Itilleq, Greenland 2958 JN792906 D 1998.87 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 3288 PENDING D 1998.87 Sisimiut, Greenland 5180 PENDING D 2009.46 Itilleq, Greenland 5198 PENDING D 2009.46 Itilleq, Greenland 30127 JN792903 D 2004.96 Sarfannguaq, Greenland 302000479 PENDING D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 312000479 JN792910 D 2004.96 Itilleq, Greenland 101102-700441 PENDING D 2017.50 Sisimiut, Greenland 101105-706980
    [Show full text]