阿片受体激动剂研究进展advances in Research on Opioid Receptor
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INVESTIGATION of NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS for the DEVELOPMENT of OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS by Katherine M
INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS By Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith Submitted to the graduate degree program in Medicinal Chemistry and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano _________________________________ Dr. Brian S. J. Blagg _________________________________ Dr. Michael F. Rafferty _________________________________ Dr. Paul R. Hanson _________________________________ Dr. Susan M. Lunte Date Defended: July 18, 2012 The Dissertation Committee for Katherine M. Prevatt-Smith certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL PRODUCT SCAFFOLDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPIOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS _________________________________ Chairperson: Dr. Thomas E. Prisinzano Date approved: July 18, 2012 ii ABSTRACT Kappa opioid (KOP) receptors have been suggested as an alternative target to the mu opioid (MOP) receptor for the treatment of pain because KOP activation is associated with fewer negative side-effects (respiratory depression, constipation, tolerance, and dependence). The KOP receptor has also been implicated in several abuse-related effects in the central nervous system (CNS). KOP ligands have been investigated as pharmacotherapies for drug abuse; KOP agonists have been shown to modulate dopamine concentrations in the CNS as well as attenuate the self-administration of cocaine in a variety of species, and KOP antagonists have potential in the treatment of relapse. One drawback of current opioid ligand investigation is that many compounds are based on the morphine scaffold and thus have similar properties, both positive and negative, to the parent molecule. Thus there is increasing need to discover new chemical scaffolds with opioid receptor activity. -
Ong Edmund W 201703 Phd.Pdf (5.844Mb)
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF PROLONGED MU OPIOID RECEPTOR ACTIVATION UPON OPIOID RECEPTOR HETEROMERIZATION by Edmund Wing Ong A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology in the Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada March, 2017 Copyright © Edmund Wing Ong, 2017 Abstract Opioid receptors are the sites of action for morphine and most other clinically-used opioid drugs. Abundant evidence now demonstrates that different opioid receptor types can physically associate to form heteromers. Owing to their constituent monomers’ involvement in analgesia, mu/delta opioid receptor (M/DOR) heteromers have been a particular focus of attention. Understandings of the physiological relevance of M/DOR formation remain limited in large part due to the reliance of existing M/DOR findings upon contrived heterologous systems. This thesis investigated the physiological relevance of M/DOR generation following prolonged MOR activation. To address M/DOR in endogenous tissues, suitable model systems and experimental tools were established. This included a viable dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron primary culture model, antisera specifically directed against M/DOR, a quantitative immunofluorescence colocalizational analysis method, and a floxed-Stop, FLAG-tagged DOR conditional knock-in mouse model. The development and implementation of such techniques make it possible to conduct experiments addressing the nature of M/DOR heteromers in systems with compelling physiological relevance. Seeking to both reinforce and extend existing findings from heterologous systems, it was first necessary to demonstrate the existence of M/DOR heteromers. Using antibodies directed against M/DOR itself as well as constituent monomers, M/DOR heteromers were identified in endogenous tissues and demonstrated to increase in abundance following prolonged mu opioid receptor (MOR) activation by morphine. -
Eluxadoline: a Treatment for IBS with Diarrhoea in Adults
■ NEW PRODUCT Eluxadoline: a treatment for IBS with diarrhoea in adults STEVE CHAPLIN Eluxadoline (Truberzi) KEY POINTS is an oral mixed opioid- receptor agonist/ ■ Eluxadoline is an opioid-receptor agonist/antagonist with low systemic absorption antagonist licensed for ■ It is licensed for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea in the treatment of irritable adults and is recommended by NICE as a second-line agent bowel syndrome with ■ The recommended dosage is 75–100mg orally twice daily diarrhoea in adults. ■ In clinical trials, response rates were 27%–31% with eluxadoline and 19.5% with placebo after 26 weeks’ treatment This article examines its ■ Common adverse effects include constipation, nausea and abdominal pain properties, efficacy in ■ Pancreatitis and sphincter of Oddi spasm were uncommon adverse events clinical trials and side- ■ Treatment with eluxadoline costs £88.20 per month. effects. he initial management of irritable locally within the gastrointestinal tract, Tbowel syndrome (IBS) entails dietary slowing gastrointestinal transit, reducing and lifestyle change and treatment with urgency and improving stool consistency; antispasmodic agents.1 For people with its abuse potential is low. IBS and diarrhoea, loperamide is the anti- Eluxadoline is licensed for the treat- motility agent of first choice, adjusting the ment of IBS with diarrhoea in adults. The dose to achieve optimum stool consist- recommended dosage is 100mg twice ency. If this is unsatisfactory, treatment daily (reduced to 75mg twice daily if with a low-dose tricyclic antidepressant poorly tolerated). Treatment should be should be considered, with an SSRI a initiated at the lower dose in older people further option if this is unsuccessful. -
Example of a Scientific Poster
Janet Robishaw, PhD Senior Associate Dean for Research Chair and Professor, Biomedical Science Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine Disclosures and Conflicts • I have no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this program/presentation. • Research support: Robishaw, MPI Robishaw, MPI R01 DA044015 R01 HL134015 Genetic Predictors of Opioid Addiction Genetic Heterogeneity of Sleep Apnea 2017-2022 2016-2021 Robishaw, PI Robishaw, MPI R01 GM114665 R01 GM111913 Novel Aspects of Golf Signaling GPCR Variants in Complex Diseases 2015-2019 2015-2019 Learning Objectives 1. Review the scope and root cause of opioid use disorder 2. Discuss the effects of opioid medications on the brain and body 3. Stress the importance of clinical judgement and discovery to address the opioid crisis 4. Highlight the clinical implications between opioid use disorder and heroin abuse Two Endemic Problems Chronic Pain Opioid Use Disorder Debilitating disorder Chronic, relapsing disorder 100 million Americans 2 million Americans Costs $630 billion dollars per year Costs $80 billion per year #1 presenting complaint to doctors # 1 cause of accidental death #1 reason for lost productivity #1 driver of heroin epidemic #1 treatment –opioid medications ? treatment Pain Relief and “Addiction” Share A Common Mechanism of Action m-Opioid Receptor Brain Regions Involved in Pleasure and Reward Increase dopamine release Brain Regions Involved in Pain Perception Brainstem Involved in Respiratory Control Spinal Cord Involved in Pain Transmission Prevent ascending transmission Turn on descending inhibitory systems These receptors are dispersed Inhibit peripheral nocioceptors throughout the body, thereby accounting for their differential Body effects on pain and reward paths. -
Biased Versus Partial Agonism in the Search for Safer Opioid Analgesics
molecules Review Biased versus Partial Agonism in the Search for Safer Opioid Analgesics Joaquim Azevedo Neto 1 , Anna Costanzini 2 , Roberto De Giorgio 2 , David G. Lambert 3 , Chiara Ruzza 1,4,* and Girolamo Calò 1 1 Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] (J.A.N.); [email protected] (G.C.) 2 Department of Morphology, Surgery, Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (R.D.G.) 3 Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected] 4 Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, 44122 Ferrara, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Helmut Schmidhammer Received: 23 July 2020; Accepted: 23 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: Opioids such as morphine—acting at the mu opioid receptor—are the mainstay for treatment of moderate to severe pain and have good efficacy in these indications. However, these drugs produce a plethora of unwanted adverse effects including respiratory depression, constipation, immune suppression and with prolonged treatment, tolerance, dependence and abuse liability. Studies in β-arrestin 2 gene knockout (βarr2( / )) animals indicate that morphine analgesia is potentiated − − while side effects are reduced, suggesting that drugs biased away from arrestin may manifest with a reduced-side-effect profile. However, there is controversy in this area with improvement of morphine-induced constipation and reduced respiratory effects in βarr2( / ) mice. Moreover, − − studies performed with mice genetically engineered with G-protein-biased mu receptors suggested increased sensitivity of these animals to both analgesic actions and side effects of opioid drugs. -
FDA Warns About an Increased Risk of Serious Pancreatitis with Irritable Bowel Drug Viberzi (Eluxadoline) in Patients Without a Gallbladder
FDA warns about an increased risk of serious pancreatitis with irritable bowel drug Viberzi (eluxadoline) in patients without a gallbladder Safety Announcement [03-15-2017] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that Viberzi (eluxadoline), a medicine used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), should not be used in patients who do not have a gallbladder. An FDA review found these patients have an increased risk of developing serious pancreatitis that could result in hospitalization or death. Pancreatitis may be caused by spasm of a certain digestive system muscle in the small intestine. As a result, we are working with the Viberzi manufacturer, Allergan, to address these safety concerns. Patients should talk to your health care professional about how to control your symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), particularly if you do not have a gallbladder. The gallbladder is an organ that stores bile, one of the body’s digestive juices that helps in the digestion of fat. Stop taking Viberzi right away and get emergency medical care if you develop new or worsening stomach-area or abdomen pain, or pain in the upper right side of your stomach-area or abdomen that may move to your back or shoulder. This pain may occur with nausea and vomiting. These may be symptoms of pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, an organ important in digestion; or spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve in the small intestine that controls the flow of digestive juices to the gut. Health care professionals should not prescribe Viberzi in patients who do not have a gallbladder and should consider alternative treatment options in these patients. -
Peripheral Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Drives Cold Hypersensitivity in Mice
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.04.325118; this version posted October 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Peripheral kappa opioid receptor activation drives cold hypersensitivity in mice Manish K. Madasu1,2,3, Loc V. Thang1,2,3, Priyanka Chilukuri1,3, Sree Palanisamy1,2, Joel S. Arackal1,2, Tayler D. Sheahan3,4, Audra M. Foshage3, Richard A. Houghten6, Jay P. McLaughlin5.6, Jordan G. McCall1,2,3, Ream Al-Hasani1,2,3 1Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. 2Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA 3Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Washington University. St. Louis, MO, USA. 4 Division of Biology and Biomedical Science, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA 5Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 6Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA Corresponding Author: Dr. Ream Al-Hasani Center for Clinical Pharmacology St. Louis College of Pharmacy Washington University School of Medicine 660 South Euclid Campus Box 8054 St. Louis MO, 63110 [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.04.325118; this version posted October 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets, USP) 5 Mg, 10 Mg Rx Only
ROXANE LABORATORIES, INC. Columbus, OH 43216 DOLOPHINE® HYDROCHLORIDE CII (Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets, USP) 5 mg, 10 mg Rx Only Deaths, cardiac and respiratory, have been reported during initiation and conversion of pain patients to methadone treatment from treatment with other opioid agonists. It is critical to understand the pharmacokinetics of methadone when converting patients from other opioids (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Particular vigilance is necessary during treatment initiation, during conversion from one opioid to another, and during dose titration. Respiratory depression is the chief hazard associated with methadone hydrochloride administration. Methadone's peak respiratory depressant effects typically occur later, and persist longer than its peak analgesic effects, particularly in the early dosing period. These characteristics can contribute to cases of iatrogenic overdose, particularly during treatment initiation and dose titration. In addition, cases of QT interval prolongation and serious arrhythmia (torsades de pointes) have been observed during treatment with methadone. Most cases involve patients being treated for pain with large, multiple daily doses of methadone, although cases have been reported in patients receiving doses commonly used for maintenance treatment of opioid addiction. Methadone treatment for analgesic therapy in patients with acute or chronic pain should only be initiated if the potential analgesic or palliative care benefit of treatment with methadone is considered and outweighs the risks. Conditions For Distribution And Use Of Methadone Products For The Treatment Of Opioid Addiction Code of Federal Regulations, Title 42, Sec 8 Methadone products when used for the treatment of opioid addiction in detoxification or maintenance programs, shall be dispensed only by opioid treatment programs (and agencies, practitioners or institutions by formal agreement with the program sponsor) certified by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and approved by the designated state authority. -
Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Research Report
Research Report Revised Junio 2018 Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Research Report Table of Contents Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Research Report Overview How do medications to treat opioid use disorder work? How effective are medications to treat opioid use disorder? What are misconceptions about maintenance treatment? What is the treatment need versus the diversion risk for opioid use disorder treatment? What is the impact of medication for opioid use disorder treatment on HIV/HCV outcomes? How is opioid use disorder treated in the criminal justice system? Is medication to treat opioid use disorder available in the military? What treatment is available for pregnant mothers and their babies? How much does opioid treatment cost? Is naloxone accessible? References Page 1 Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder Research Report Discusses effective medications used to treat opioid use disorders: methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Overview An estimated 1.4 million people in the United States had a substance use disorder related to prescription opioids in 2019.1 However, only a fraction of people with prescription opioid use disorders receive tailored treatment (22 percent in 2019).1 Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids more than quadrupled from 1999 through 2016 followed by significant declines reported in both 2018 and 2019.2,3 Besides overdose, consequences of the opioid crisis include a rising incidence of infants born dependent on opioids because their mothers used these substances during pregnancy4,5 and increased spread of infectious diseases, including HIV and hepatitis C (HCV), as was seen in 2015 in southern Indiana.6 Effective prevention and treatment strategies exist for opioid misuse and use disorder but are highly underutilized across the United States. -
Summary Analgesics Dec2019
Status as of December 31, 2019 UPDATE STATUS: N = New, A = Advanced, C = Changed, S = Same (No Change), D = Discontinued Update Emerging treatments for acute and chronic pain Development Status, Route, Contact information Status Agent Description / Mechanism of Opioid Function / Target Indication / Other Comments Sponsor / Originator Status Route URL Action (Y/No) 2019 UPDATES / CONTINUING PRODUCTS FROM 2018 Small molecule, inhibition of 1% diacerein TWi Biotechnology / caspase-1, block activation of 1 (AC-203 / caspase-1 inhibitor Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa Castle Creek Phase 2 No Topical www.twibiotech.com NLRP3 inflamasomes; reduced CCP-020) Pharmaceuticals IL-1beta and IL-18 Small molecule; topical NSAID Frontier 2 AB001 NSAID formulation (nondisclosed active Chronic low back pain Phase 2 No Topical www.frontierbiotech.com/en/products/1.html Biotechnologies ingredient) Small molecule; oral uricosuric / anti-inflammatory agent + febuxostat (xanthine oxidase Gout in patients taking urate- Uricosuric + 3 AC-201 CR inhibitor); inhibition of NLRP3 lowering therapy; Gout; TWi Biotechnology Phase 2 No Oral www.twibiotech.com/rAndD_11 xanthine oxidase inflammasome assembly, reduced Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS) production of caspase-1 and cytokine IL-1Beta www.arraybiopharma.com/our-science/our-pipeline AK-1830 Small molecule; tropomyosin Array BioPharma / 4 TrkA Pain, inflammation Phase 1 No Oral www.asahi- A (ARRY-954) receptor kinase A (TrkA) inhibitor Asahi Kasei Pharma kasei.co.jp/asahi/en/news/2016/e160401_2.html www.neurosmedical.com/clinical-research; -
The Opioid Epidemic: What Labs Have to Do with It?
The Opioid Epidemic: What labs have to do with it? Ewa King, Ph.D. Associate Director of Health RIDOH State Health Laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Overview • Overdose trends • Opioids and their effects • Analytical testing approaches • Toxicology laboratories Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Opioid overdose crisis 1 Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Opioid overdose crisis 2 Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Opiates and Opioids • Opiates vs. Opioids • Opiates: Naturally occurring, derived from the poppy plant • Opioids: “Opiate-like” drugs in effects, not chemical structure Includes opiates • Narcotic analgesics • CNS depressants • DEA Schedule I or II controlled substances • Additive effect with other CNS depressant drugs Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Efficacy of Opioids • How do opioids work? • Bind with opioid receptors • Brain, spinal cord, GI tract, and throughout the body • Pain, emotion, breathing, movement, and digestion Opioid Receptor Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Effects of Opioids Physiological Psychological • Pain relief • Drowsiness/ sedation • Cough suppression • Mental confusion • GI motility • Loss of memory • Respiratory depression • Lethargy/ apathy • Pupillary constriction • Euphoria/ tranquility • Itching • Mood swings • Constipation • Depression • Dependence • Withdrawal • Dependence Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Opiates 1 Opiates • Naturally occurring alkaloids Opium • Latex from the opium poppy plant Codeine: • Mild to moderate pain • Antitussive Morphine: • Severe pain • Metabolite of codeine and heroin Analysis. Answers. Action. www.aphl.org Opiates 2 Semi-synthetic Opiates: • Synthesized from a natural opiate Heroin: • Schedule I narcotic Hydrocodone (Vicodin): • Mild to moderate pain • Metabolizes to hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Oxycodone (Oxycontin/Percocet): • Moderate to severe pain • Metabolizes to oxymorphone (Opana) Analysis. Answers. Action. -
Dezocine Exhibits Antihypersensitivity Activities in Neuropathy Through
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Dezocine exhibits antihypersensitivity activities in neuropathy through spinal Received: 09 November 2016 Accepted: 19 January 2017 μ-opioid receptor activation and Published: 23 February 2017 norepinephrine reuptake inhibition Yong-Xiang Wang1, Xiao-Fang Mao1, Teng-Fei Li1, Nian Gong1 & Ma-Zhong Zhang2 Dezocine is the number one opioid painkiller prescribed and sold in China, occupying 44% of the nation’s opioid analgesics market today and far ahead of the gold-standard morphine. We discovered the mechanisms underlying dezocine antihypersensitivity activity and assessed their implications to antihypersensitivity tolerance. Dezocine, given subcutaneously in spinal nerve-ligated neuropathic rats, time- and dose-dependently produced mechanical antiallodynia and thermal antihyperalgesia, significantly increased ipsilateral spinal norepinephrine and serotonin levels, and induced less antiallodynic tolerance than morphine. Its mechanical antiallodynia was partially (40% or 60%) and completely (100%) attenuated by spinal μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonism or norepinephrine depletion/α2-adrenoceptor antagonism and combined antagonism of MORs and α2-adenoceptors, respectively. In contrast, antagonism of spinal κ-opioid receptors (KORs) and δ-opioid receptors (DORs) or depletion of spinal serotonin did not significantly alter dezocine antiallodynia. In addition, dezocine- delayed antiallodynic tolerance was accelerated by spinal norepinephrine depletion/α2-adenoceptor antagonism. Thus dezocine produces antihypersensitivity activity through spinal MOR activation and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (NRI), but apparently not through spinal KOR and DOR activation, serotonin reuptake inhibition or other mechanisms. Our findings reclassify dezocine as the first analgesic of the recently proposed MOR-NRI, and reveal its potential as an alternative to as well as concurrent use with morphine in treating pain.