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.%% -S ! %"; C& 1 C $ () % & %6 Q C& YE& 4 %\ C& - C ! Z[4 & .! /! 1F d` e/ 5 _& %;N %\ C .. /%# ]^ $ % Longidorus C& 4 ! ! E . FC CM C& ! +& , - :% /! ! UC C ! . . /%# Longidorus & / S CO$ 8 4 (J) ; & C7 & 4_( Longidorus africanus Merny, 1966 &' - ! % 5b$C 8 8 _W # ` CP a7 T J ! %;N 2'( .N_M & )&C C ?; ; & - .%!N 0 1 4 1M -1C 8-C$ .. /% /! ! -# 2'( -&1 4 % % Q 1 (J) $9 5?(# C& 4 ! . %! ! UC (n="J)( !)! $ P & 8% /% S cN #$ 2'( )* $ L = 3.13 (2.6 – 3.55) mm; a = 86.7 (76 – 111); b = 10.1 ! 8 '6 UC & _ * 4Nd /% /! ! UC (8.5 – 11.5); c = 84.4 (76.5 – 89.0); c´ = 1.58 (1.4- 1.8); V = 48.9 (47.9 – 50.9); odontostyle = 74.9 (69 – 79) .!!C C$f 81 /% /% ! `e7 µm; odotophore = 40.4 (35 – 45) µm; oral aperture to guiding ring = 25.5 (24 – 26) µm; pre-rectum = 180.9 (167 – 202) tm .R (! # ` CP a7 N HX C& 4 ]^ C& ( D \L .% ScN #$ 2'( )* ! +& , - .bO; %"& . !7 ZP ]N; ! Rb C*; -%& IX ; CA6 2'( gN, F!?; P & !C& N . '6 > ! ! Z ;$ .% S ! C & -% &P h i C ! N ..FC 56 C .#W [ ! C C /H ; -%& i ! -S .(d jC$ #$ /% # ! %;N /# S & ; C[ & 4W !C hE [ C .% & C C I ; T ]! /!A & (k) C! 0 & %;N .% * Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 JX ; -S vC, 1 N -%& q1 !C#F Q %T 4ECF & /% j C( 8DA C 2'( QE /% ! S 9A _$ %AS . . C C [ Z '@ /!A & n .%% !C .bO; m ! *'[ 8 p7 Re $ F ! ! .! N N, & C oS S 4 C_' E 2'( %6! .' ' ] Q ! !%, Q ! ! $9 %;N . %% * pE7 4 C_' & %S C C H ; X '6F ! b?, *'[ . ! ! CM DEFC 56?7 .% ; Nq ! % e .%$ P[ C %& Q & .N_M ` CP F ! & 1^ r C /!A & %;N ;S -S %& Q & .N_M Rb C*; C ob[ -%& 2'( . N_M . .FC CM C& ! C; EE JK (JIwX) -S vC, k (IwkK) -S ZP 8. 1 N & % !C b@ P&C p 7 % C / % S C @ C; !%+ _ 4FC CM @ 8C C C& n .% C; S Z 8 /% /%# ; & ; _ 8 p7 C C^ & S ^ 01 @ & $ % ; 56?7 '$ UC N Q C _ .! ! CM C ! _ C;' C #W /%+ . ! % !C _ * 2'( '6 UC
TX !+/! ( Longidorus , - . &' ! (!)* +
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Longidorus iranicus Sturhan & Barooti, 1983 &' Longidorus - C ."N 8%AS -%& & .b_ -# T ! %;N -%& 2'( <(& Z .% /! ! p(#;(JH J) 8africanus Merny, 1966 .. /% /! ! L. laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 & 4 8L. aetnaeus Roca, Lamberti, Agostinelli & Vinciguerra, 1986 L. longicaudatus Siddiqi, 1962 L. psidii Khan & Khan, 1972 (n="J) ( !)! L = 5.7 (5.0 – 6.5) mm; a = 104.6 (100 – 112); b = 12.6 8C;%'& .' 8-%& C -!& 1 N E ! ! .b (10 – 15.2); c = 162.5 (150 – 182); c´ = 0.92 (0.81 – 1.2); P C( ]! C;Q & -%& 8.' ! *'[ -!& C; h*, V = 50.7 (49 – 53); odontostyle = 104.5 (100 – 110) µm; odontophore = 65.0 (58 – 72) µm; oral aperture to -S 8(a - %& P C( !C &* !) guiding ring = 35.3 (30- 40) µm; rectum = 28.2 (24 – 33) -%& ZP8C -!& 1 N .(JJ)%$ % L. laevicapitatus µm; pre-rectum = 475 (400 – 600) µm. L. aetnaeus -S 8-%& ' -!& P C( C#& C -!& 1 N 8 ! ZP -!& CN$ .! 1 N ( D \L 56?7 ]! -!& C; /%#$ -%& -!& C; Q & 8-%& .%& <$ ' .N & -S vC, Q & P -%& L. & _ * ! % & L. psidii & 4 /%$ 1 N Rb C*; ; & C 56 & -% .bO; %"& %;N '$ ! ! C; /; $ ]! ! - C ."N longicaudatus ! Z ;$ 4 C @y > .% S ! CF P C( -%& ' .N_M C; h*, .' ! *'[ /H -%& %& ! Z ;$ .(d z2 C} dC, .% & `CP ! C C /H ; /H -%& i ! 8C C T/H ; ."N CFC DEFC 56?7 _ * 8p(# Z ;$ > .. C C JH ; JX ]! #W ! &#; C# Longidorus africanus '6 UC & - C ! C; (d N$ $ -%& %& ! 1 & '7 ! > O q1 5Fe7 % & $9 & - C ."N C ! > & .b_ 8. .(d 4 C#& ! $ -%& &* ! HwTH) C ."N ! F ! -!& C; /;$ C %N $ ]! ! 1 & > .% & C; a 8! ! .b_ - ! ; & - ; (C C TwHT C .%_ p(#; &M C % Ud & 8%$ cyM
Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 ! /% S cN ."N ! 4& ! 5Fe7 4 \ %S C& h'+ E . -%& & C; Q & !C i; Re b M 4 %\ C . % /% ! 1 82'( [ 8 7 /C ! /%! #; _[ ] % @ ! \$ 56?7 E 8/% 0 1 - C (J) ; & C7 Rb C*; C C JJ/T (JXwJ) C vC, .! /% ! 4**@ UC & _ * .. /%# /! ! UC $ P & S .' ! *'[ @ ! -%& vC, 2? %\ C . ."N ! !1 $[ 1 $9 _$ %AS /CA[ 8C ! -%& vC, ]\ Q ."N ! ZP Re O ! /% ! 1 5 A; ; -%& %& '6F ] ! ; $ /%#$ 8(C C KJwKH &* ! Iwk) CN$ "Ey ! ! ! ! ! ! ! .' ! *'[ 8(C C TIwT &* ! HwTH) C;/;$ N$ F ! 8Q & %'& ! .. -* 1 S & .. (IIwKk &* ! kI/HwJJJ) C#& N$ a .b_ .%! #; .' $ ZP %K F ! UC ! CFC / % ! -!& c & ; %& -S '6F p(# .' ! *'[ 4 & ."N ! C q1 5Fe7 + ', 8 '6 *'[ .. ! ZP ] Q ! %[ C .% ! |'";
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TT !+/! ( Longidorus , - . &' ! (!)* +
.( l1 (C) Q+ l1 (B) ) - l1 (A) (SJJ×/ j E) :Longidorus iranicus .S63 .( l1 (C) Q+ l1 (B) ) - l1 (D) (SJJ× / j E) :Longidorus africanus
Rb C*; &* ! P C() -%& ' 8(-%& .% ! 5 A; S & 8 ! ZP -%& ZP O CFC -S ( P C( &* ! C$ ) ]! ( / -7! # ` CP a7 4 : = - 6` JJX ; JXX) C; /;$ .' .%$ % L. dunensis - ! /C+ ES! 8ES &e 8h % ! _ ! ! *'[ -!& C;h*, 8(- C JX <& &* ! C C .% !C ScN &C+ -^ &fS -^ 84 1M 8- C; -S (• W &* ! !C) C .' ! d` & -S `e7 .! 1 N L. iuglandis
Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 ;6?7 & ; & () C& B S %'$ /!A & L. caespiticola -* 1 S ! & %AS) %AS ! .b_ C ."d 8(C ' K ; H 4&) -%& ZP O H/k) -%& ZP -!& C;/;$ (1 S - %& %AS &* ! ; JHX) c .b_ 8( -%& & CP !C P C() -%& & CN$ -%& ZP .. (C ' I <& &* ! C ' ZP ( (E ! & %AS /CA[) %AS 8(JK L. goodeyi -S C;Q & -%& -S C;/;$ ! (C C JJX ; JXX) ! L. crassus L. taniwha 1 & 4 .%$ 1 N p(#; Longidorus iranicus Sturhan & Barooti, 1983 1 C C;‚ C, $9 ! -%& ' E ! ! .b L. dunensis Brinkman, & 4 .% /! ! ]! 8C; P ! -%& .% & •W <& $ L. iuglandis, Roca, Lamberti & 8Loof & Barbez, 1987 [ & -S 8-%& & C -!& C; C$ 8L. caespiticola Hooper, 1961 8Agostinelli, 1984 L africanus ! . "N _ * .! p(#; &M . L. taniwha Clark, 1963 L. goodeyi Hooper, 1961 Longidorus iranicus C& 1 (J) '6 UC & "Ey :. p(#; &M S C 5?(# & E ! ! .b /% ! q1 5Fe7 . $9 & ."N 4 &#; 1 N N$ &* ! -%& & C;) -%& & .b_ C .E[
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-D ZP 8-%& i ! dC, ` 56 & jCF 8xy_ - ! ; CFC 56?7 ~"& ! /% O %E; /! .. jCF [ ! -%& vC, 2? ! %[ EN 81$C |P ! R C} 4 .% & _ EE 8 #C& - %N(; _ EE ! & ! %"; ! ; C ! ! C#& 0C_ - C &C+ ZN CF -%& ZP %6 ! I/ H/T h;C; & b*, ' 0 1 % .F |P 4 ! /% S cN N Q\$ C A Q ' & P [ .%C ! $ E[ ! .% & /% ! |P 1 '6 UC C& C& J ; J 8 P ]$ <W .! % (; C^ /% ! 4 #$ & |P /% Sc N N Z & E C ]_ ! 8jC( [ ! -%& vC, .% /% ! L. africanus C#& $9 N ! %# [ ! -%& vC, CN$ N$ ]$ ZP .% & 2'( Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 &' #W `CP $ 8!C & /% #$ 8 P C( ]! zjC( /! ! -# H ! %;N 2'( .N_M C ?; /% ! ]! `CP C ! ! .A Q .. o%@ N$ .. % .! (n=I)( !)! L = 3.6 (3.5 – 3.7) mm; a = 127 (116 – 133); b = 12.9 (10.5 – d` 17.5); c = 93.3 (92 – 94.5); c´ = 1.96 (1.9 – 2.1); V = 49.9 (48.5 – 51); odontostyle = 67.3 (64.5 – 69) µm; odontophore ;6?7 & ; & () C& B S %'$ /!A & = 44.3 (39 – 48) µm; tail length = 38 (37 – 40) µm; oral L = 3-5 mm aperture to guiding ring = 37.7 (37 – 40) µm; rectum = 15 (14 .b_ C ."d 8( ) -%& ZP -„N – 16) µm; pre-rectum = 318.5 (256 – 381) µm <&) ! ZP 8(/% • CF -%& 1 N) -%& & ( D \L CN$) -! 9A .' ! *'[ '6F 8(C C IH CF ; & C 56 & <& $ -% .bO; %"& %;N (!C & P C() ]! (C C HX `CP & ƒ %; & 8 Q & -%& .% S ! p(#; Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 %MF 8`6 Z ;$ . ! Q & -%& ! (K) - N ! ! i; & 4_( 4 .% /! ! C;a 7 > 8p(# > ! & Z ;$ 8 dC, JK Z ! .% /! ! UC - % !( # -%& ZP C#& ! Z ;$ .(d 8. '7 ! > Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 ] & C ! (J) - N ;Cb> #W `CP ! E 8% & C C ; J/H 8.7 Q $ %! ! UC -:'& CA 1 L. latocephalus b !n .% C C H ; T & ]! C; h*, ! *'[ 8C#& ! ZP 8C; P -%& & % & @ -S ! -%& vC, %X ! %[ ‚ C, Rb_ E…\ E .% 1 N L. pisi C; • CF C % /C C .%_ p(# E C -N7 ! /! ! UC '6 N !%^ C& & (T) - N 1 N -%& F CF Q & -%& C; ‚ C, ~& < "Ey 4\ 8- N ;Cb> i; /% /! %AS _$ 8C C /k (wJX/H) -S vC, 8. 0 1 5,eP & S _ * 8-:'& C ! ."N ! *'[ F ! 8 ! 8(Lobe)1 S - %& ! " - ! ; () - N - C& i; /% *'[ '6F 8Q & '7 F ! 8 p7 Re $ ! ."N %_ $ P & %!C$ /%# 4 .. ! ZP 2? -! 9A .' ! 4 B C& L. latocephalus L. pisi " 8/ C C C IT/(IwIK) C ob[ ZP 8dorylaimoid C - 1 .' ! *'[ ."M F ! -%& ZP 4W ; C$ 8Q\$ !$ 8C $ ZP %X
TI !+/! ( Longidorus , - . &' ! (!)* +
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- C$ /% 0 1 ."N L. latocephalus -& 5 A; S .% % C % C -!& ‚ C, K ; kH &* ! I ; IH) C; /;$ ! ! _ % C b" - N ;Cb> i; /% Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 ."N C; Q & - C ."N 4\ .! ! (C C .(JI )%!N ] ! ]$ <W ! 7 ]_ ! .% & - C$ & - C ."N CFC DEFC 56?7 -\ #$ () - N 1 ' & L. pisi & 4\ L. latocephalus L. pisi '6 UC . . /% 0 1 C^ - C$ 8q C 8 & * CFS (X) $ $ i; $ L. pisi ."N .6?7 Q - , & 7 ]_ 4 ~[ S ! !1 + ', .% !C _ * 8!& /% 0 1 - C$ 4 .%! ! CM % ‡; ! C& ! N ]N; ! .&† ~"& ! 1 $% 5 A; $9 U C & ]N; ! ! N /%# 4 C ! ! ]_ - ! ; $ % /%# 56?7 Q % ˆ $ % /% ! $9 ]_ 1 - C N ; IH) L. pisi C#& N$ ! ZP ReO .% & & 4 .. $9 C& .&† .6?7 *'[ ; -! 9A '6F 8(C C IJ ; HI &* ! I 8L. fursti Heyns, Coomans, Hutsebaut & Swart, 1987 H ; J &* ! TX ; k) C#& 1 .' ! (Jk) L. breviannulatus Norton & Hoffman, 1975 & .b_ - C ."N .. C;Q & N$ ]! (C C
Tk "#$% / ! / /
Ud & 4 C -!& • CF ‚ C, 8C;Q & -%& E % & Q !1 L. martini Merny, 1966 .! p(#; &M L africanus L. iranicus C 8L. fursti -S C;/ %#$ ]! C; /;$ ! !&S [ C E [ ! C7 ` CP a7 4 L. breviannulatus %AS -!& 1 S - %& C;‚ C, - C & 4_( C& % !C S cN -1C - -!& C;/;$ .' ! *'[ -!& C;' .! 0 1 Q & _& -%& .%$ % L. martini !
( Y5! ( .JwK :(JwT) X N& .- C ! /! 7 >& 4 Dorylaimoidea .JI .0 8 ; & . 8C7 . 2. Arias, M. and M.A. Bravo. 1996. Identification of genera and species in the subfamily longidorinae. In: S. De Almeida, (Ed.), Longidoridae Abrantes Pub., Belgium. 3. Brown, D.J.F., D.J. Hooper and V. W. Saka. 1982. A description of a male Longidorus pisi (Nemtoda: Dorylaimida) from Malawi with observations of females and the taxonomic status of the species. Nematologia mediterranea 10: 101-106. 4. Choleva, B., V. Reneva and D. J. F. Brown. 1991. Longidorus latocephalus Lamberti, Choleva & Agostinelli, 1983, a junior synonym of L. pisi Edward, Misra & Singh, 1964 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Revue de Nematologie 14: 505 – 509. 5. Coomans, A. 1985. A phylogenetic approach to the classification of the Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Agric. Ecosys. and Environ. 12: 335-354. 6. Coomans, A. 1996. Phylogeny of the Longidoridae. Russian J. Nematol. 4(1): 51-60. 7. De Grisse, A.T. 1969. Redescription ou modification de quelques techniques utilisees dans letude des nematodes phytoparasitaries. Meddelingen Rijksfaculteit Landbouwweteschappen, Bull. 34: 351-369. 8. Edward, J. C., S. L. Misra and G. R. Singh. 1964. Longidorus pisi n. sp. (Nematoda, Dorylaimoidea) associated with the rhizosphere of Pisum sativum, from Uttar Pradesh, India. Japan. J. Appl. Entomol. and Zoo. 8(4): 310 – 312. 9. Heyns, J., P. J. F. Jacobs, G .C. Loots. and L. Thied. 1984. On the occurrence of unknown objects in the prerectum of Longidorus pisi Edward, Misra and Singh, 1964 (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Phytophylactica 16: 167-169. 10. Hooper, D. J. 1961. A redescription of Longidorus elongatus (Deman, 1876) Thorne & Swanger 1936 ,(Nematoda: Dorylaimidae) and descriptions of five new species of Longidorus from Great Britian. Nematologica 6: 237-257. 11. Jacobs, P. J. F. and J. Heyns. 1982. Longidorus species from sugar cane in Natal (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Phytophylactica 14: 195-204. 12. Lamberti, F., B. Choleva and A. Agostinelli. 1983. Logidoridae from Bulgaria (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) with description of three new species of Longidorus and two new species of Xiphinema. Nematologia mediterranea 11: 49 – 72. 13. Lamberti, F., T. Iovev, B. Choleva, D. J. F. Brown, A. Agostinelli and V. Radicci. 1997. Morphometric variation Downloaded from jstnar.iut.ac.ir at 10:16 IRST on Friday September 24th 2021 and juvenile stages of some Longidorid nematodes from Bulgaria with comments on the number of juvenile stages of Longidorus africanus , L. closelongatus and Xiphinema santos. Nematologia mediterranea 25: 213-237. 14. Lamberti, f., S. Molinari, F. Deluca, A. Agostinelli and M. Divito. 1999. Longidorids (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from Syria with Description of Longidorus pauli sp. n. and Paralongidorus halpensis sp. n. with SOD Isozymes and PCR-RFLP profiles. Nematologia mediterranea. 27: 63-78. 15. Merny, G. 1966. Nematodes d aerique tropicale: un nouvau Paratylenchus (Criconematidae), Deux nouveaux Longidorus et observations sur Longidorus laevicapitatus Williams, 1959 (Dorylaimidae). Nematologica 12: 385 – 395. 16. Navas, A., J. G. Baldwin and F. Lamberti. 1993. Contributions to the taxonomy status of Longidorus latocephalus Lamberti, Choleva and Agostinelli. 1983 and L. pisi Edward, Misra and Singh, 1964 (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Nematologia meiterranea 21: 117. 17. Norton, D. C. and J. K. Hoffman. 1975. Longidorus breviannulatus sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) associated with stunted corn in Iowa. J. Nematol. 7: 168 – 171. 18. Robbins, R.T. and D. J. F. Brown. 1991. Comments on the taxonomy, occurrence and distribution of Longidoridae (Nematoda) in North America. Nematologica 37: 395-419. 19. Rubtsova, T. V., S. A., Subbotin, D. J. F. Brown and M. Moens. 2001. Description of Longidorus sturhani sp. n. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) and molecular characterisation of several longidoride species from Western Europe. Russian J. Nematol. 9(2): 127. 20. Sakwe, N. and A.Coomans. 1993. The genera Longidorus Micoletzky. 1922 and Xiphinema Cobb. 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Cameroon. Belgian J. Zoo. 123: 203 – 230. 21. Sturhan, D. and S. Barooti. 1983. Longidorus iranicus sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Sys. Parasitol. 5: 21-24.
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