GRBG Newsletter

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GRBG Newsletter June 2020 Newsletter Special Note: As the national lockdown moves into Level 3, we have again ‘pruned’ this month’s newsletter. The June 2020 issue, therefore, only contains the News, Notices (including Events), Get News To Know The Garden, and Nursery Tree of the Month sections. Lockdown Level 3: What’s Happening at the Garden? Garden Remains Closed to Visitors According to the regulations issued by the National Coronavirus Command Council, the Garden Route Botanical Garden must remain closed to the public during Level 3 of the national lockdown. This includes the Main Garden area, the Southern Cape Herbarium and The Botanist restaurant. While the Nursery and our Front Offices may reopen under the Level 3 restrictions, we are still working to put the necessary PPE in place to support visitors entering these areas. This should be finalised within the course of this week (1-6 June 2020), and Members and the public will be duly informed of the reopening via email and the Garden’s website. All eventual visitors to the Nursery and Front Office will need to wear a face mask and adhere to the relevant COVID-19 safety protocols. The Nursery is an important revenue stream for the Garden and we look forward to Members supporting it as soon as possible. GRBG Front Office Temporarily Closed, But Remote Services Are Available For the short period that the Front Office still needs to remain closed, the following services will be available via telephone communication and email: o Plant-related Enquiries, Plant Identification and other General Enquiries. o Rescheduling Events. o Renewing Membership Cards. o Arrangements regarding the Planting of Trees in the Garden. o Purchasing Botany-themed Books on Sale at the Front Office. o Purchasing The Ultimate Companion for Birding in Southern Africa. (See page 3 for a special offer!) You are also welcome to contact the office regarding any donations to the Garden. The office administrator can be contacted by emailing [email protected] or by phoning 044 874 1558. Volunteers While our hardworking and dedicated GRBG volunteers are sorely missed, we cannot yet allow them to enter the Garden due to the reasons mentioned above. As soon as the Garden is able to properly meet all the necessary health and safety measures, volunteers will be notified and joyously welcomed back! … continued Staff Hard At Work The GRBG Team is currently hard at work inside the Garden, sprucing up the current display beds, creating new display beds, and fixing up and expanding the Propagation Yard. Staff members have been given access to our Instagram page, and we encourage our members to follow us and see what beautiful specimens are flowering, re-sprouting and flourishing in the Garden! Due to our diminished revenue streams during the COVID-19 pandemic, the GRBG is not in a financial position to pay all the wages of all staff members. Claims have therefore been lodged with the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) to support certain staff members, such as the Gates Staff. Staff members who are able to work on site are only allowed on the premises from 8am to 4pm and any access to the Garden must be prearranged and approved by the Garden Manager. The GRBG considers protecting its staff and their source of income as a top priority. We are aware that the rate of COVID-19 infections may increase in the coming weeks/months and will do our best to ensure the health and safety of employees. COVID-19 Donations Appeal: THANK YOU The GRBG Board of Trustees would like to thank everyone who was able to respond to the appeal for financial support and donations issued in last month’s newsletter. We are truly grateful for all contributions – whether big or small – which will help to sustain the Garden and its employees during the COVID-19 lockdown period. We would particularly like to thank the following individuals, businesses and organisations for their donations: Nexus for their generous donation of Bounce Back, a natural chicken-manure based fertilizer which we are currently using in the Garden to feed the plants during the winter season. Kraaibosch Nursery for their generous donation of seedling trays, and young trees donated in March. The McGregor Family for their sizeable monetary donation. WESSA donated a generous R6,000.00. GRBG Members who have donated plants. Beulah de Cilliers for making beautiful PPE masks for GRBG staff members. Study House and Study House parents for food parcels. If any person, business or organisation would still like to make a contribution, this would be greatly appreciated. Details on how you can contribute are available in the Notices section of this newsletter (page 4). One of the Garden’s greatest needs at this stage is the construction of a sturdy fence along the train tracks. Sadly, during the earlier stages of the lockdown, the GRBG security staff were unable to work fulltime, and our rare and beautiful plants were left to fend for themselves. While the majority of plants are still flourishing, we did experience a loss of some of our flora due to poaching, de-barking of trees and the cutting of our prized Proteas. A secure fence along the train tracks would go a long way in protecting our precious flora, and any donations to this cause would be greatly appreciated! Special Book Offer for GRBG Members! The Ultimate Companion for Birding in Southern Africa by Peter Ginn and Geoff McIlleron Peter Ginn, a member of the GRBG Board of Trustees and a best-selling author, photographer and bird expert, has generously donated copies of the book he co-authored with Geoff McIlleron to the Garden as a way of raising much needed additional funds. The Ultimate Companion for Birding in Southern Africa is a two-volume boxed set that normally retails at R995. GRBG Members can, however, purchase the set for just R600 with all proceeds going towards funding the Garden! As explained on the book’s official website, the two volumes contain “over 1400 spectacular photographs of birds covering all 960 species recorded. Both volumes are packed with fascinating descriptions from 18 top bird authorities who reveal their personal observations and knowledge in an easy to read style.” Those who purchase the book also receive free access to the complementary app – an excellent resource when out birdwatching in nature. The app is compatible with IOS and Android devices, and incorporates the book’s information, maps, photographs and a vast collection of recorded bird calls courtesy of bird expert Doug Newman. If you’re still not sold, feel free to visit the book’s website where you can catch a glimpse of some of the stunning action photographs of birds featured in the book and read some of the positive comments both bird experts and readers have made about the book. GRBG Members can purchase The Ultimate Companion for Birding in Southern Africa box set by making an EFT payment of R600 using the bank details and reference further below. Only a limited number of box sets are available, so Members should contact the Garden Reception at [email protected] or 044 874 1558 to secure their copy before making the EFT payment. GRBG Banking Details: Name: Garden Route Botanical Garden Trust (Current Account) Bank: Standard Bank, George Account No: 281 859 183 Branch code: 050 214 Reference: ‘Birds/GRBG Member’s name’ (e.g. ‘Birds/John Smith’) Notices EV No Events During June Donations Welcome With the Garden being closed to visitors during June, The Garden Route none of the events originally scheduled for this month Botanical Garden is will be able to take place. As soon as any of the events a non- can be rescheduled, the details will be communicated governmental via this newsletter and on the GRBG website. organisation (NGO) and relies heavily Participants in the on donations from weekly parkrun, the public to fund meanwhile, can our activities. (Sadly, although we know a thing or click here or here two about trees, we haven’t quite figured out how for updates on to make money grow on them.) when the parkrun If any person, organisation or business would like to will resume. support the GRBG monetarily, this can be done online at www.botanicalgarden.org.za/make-a- donation or by making a deposit directly into our ‘Behind The Scenes’ account using the banking details provided further below. You can also phone our offices at 044 874 * Attributions: This newsletter was designed using 1558 or email [email protected]. resources from www.freepik.com, including images by brgfx, macrovector, pikisuperstar and stories. All donations properly receipted by the Garden in terms of Section 18A are tax deductible. Any * Content Contributors: Roger Bath, Corné Brink, donation – big or small – will be greatly Pauline Cloete, Peter Ginn, Nicole Jonklass, Anne appreciated. Kellner, Colin Ralston and Gabby van Huyssteen. * Design and Layout: Nicole Jonklass GRBG Banking Details: Name: Garden Route Botanical Garden Trust (Current Account) Share Your Thoughts Bank: Standard Bank, George Account No: 281 859 183 If you have any comments or suggestions Branch code: 050 214 regarding this newsletter, or ideas on what you’d like to Thank you for your continued support. see in future newsletters, please don’t hesitate to tell us in an email. Renewal of GRGB Membership Cards If you have any suggestions on how the Garden Route Renew your card by contacting the GRBG Offices at Botanical Garden, its facilities and attractions, or the [email protected] or 044 878 1558. visitor experience can be improved, we would appreciate Annual Access Cards Full Membership Card your input too.
Recommended publications
  • Plant-Frugivore Interactions in a Heterogeneous Forest Landscape of South Africa
    Plant-frugivore interactions in a heterogeneous forest landscape of South Africa Dissertation In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Doctorate Degree in Natural Sciences (Dr. rer. nat) The Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg Lackson Chama, MSc Sinazongwe (Zambia) June 2012, Marburg From the Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg als Dissertation am angenommen. Dekan: Prof. Dr. Paul Galland Erstgutachterin: Prof. Dr. N. Farwig Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. R. Brandl Tag der Disputation: 25th June 2012 Dedicated to my son, Mishila, who’s first two years on earth I was hardly part of, due to my commitment towards this work. Contents CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON FOREST BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................................ 4 PLANT-FRUGIVORE INTERACTIONS IN CHANGING LANDSCAPES .................................................................................................. 5 THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN FRUGIVORE COMMUNITIES ........................................................................................... 5 EFFECTS OF SEED INGESTION BY FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS ON GERMINATION SUCCESS ........................................................................ 6 AIMS OF THE THESIS .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Natural Products from Selected Rhus Species
    ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM SELECTED RHUS SPECIES MKHUSELI KOKI MTECH CHEMISTRY, CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy JUNE 2020 Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape Supervisor: Prof. T.W Mabusela http://etd.uwc.ac.za/ ABSTRACT Searsia is the more recent name for the genus (Rhus) that contains over 250 individual species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae. Research conducted on Searsia extracts to date indicates a promising potential for this plant group to provide renewable bioproducts with the following reported desirable bioactivities; antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antithrombin, antitumorigenic, cytotoxic, hypoglycaemic, and leukopenic (Rayne and Mazza, 2007, Salimi et al., 2015). Searsia glauca, Searsia lucida and Searsia laevigata were selected for this study. The aim of this study was to isolate, elucidate and evaluate the biological activity of natural products occurring in the plants selected. From the three Searsia species seven known terpenes were isolated and characterized using chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic techniques: Moronic acid (C1 & C5), 21β- hydroxylolean-12-en-3-one (C2), Lupeol (C11a), β-Amyrin (C11b & C10), α-amyrin (C11c) and a mixture β-Amyrin (C12a) and α-amyrin (C12b) of fatty acid ester. Six known flavonoids were isolated myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (C3), Rutin (C4), quercetin (C6), Apigenin (C7), Amentoflavone (C8), quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (C9). The in vitro anti-diabetic activity of the extracts was investigated on selected carbohydrate digestive enzymes. The enzyme inhibition effect was conducted at 2.0 mg/ml for both carbohydrate digestive enzymes.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary: Monitoring for Sustainable Indigenous Forest
    MONITORING FOR SUSTAINABLE INDIGENOUS FOREST MANAGEMENT IN THE GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK Knysna 2014 ii CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 FOREST DYNAMICS MONITORING 2 2.1 Diepwalle Research Areas 2 2.2 Tsitsikamma strip plots 3 2.3 Permanent Sample Plots (PSPs) in nature reserves 3 2.4 National system of forest plots 3 3 FOREST DISTURBANCE AND RECOVERY 4 3.1 Gap dynamics research 5 3.2 Storms River big tree 5 3.3 Photo-monitoring of burnt forest 6 3.4 Koomansbos fire gap 7 3.5 Forest establishment 7 3.6 Forest succession on a burnt forest margin 7 4 UTILISATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS 8 4.1 Timber utilization 8 Permanent sample plots (PSPs) 9 Post-harvesting audit 11 4.2 Ferns 12 4.3 Bulbine 13 4.4 Bark 13 5 PLANT SPECIES OF CONSERVATION CONCERN 14 6 BLACKWOOD 15 6.1 Incidence of spread monitoring 15 6.2 Success of control action monitoring 16 6.3 Harkerville blackwood plot 16 iii 7 FAUNA 16 7.1 Antelope population monitoring 16 7.2 Rare mammal monitoring 16 7.3 Crowned eagle monitoring 17 7.4 The Knysna elephants 18 8 CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 19 9 SOCIAL MONITORING 19 9.1 Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment 19 9.2 Employment Equity 19 9.3 People and Conservation Park Based Education and Youth Development Programmes 20 9.4 Expanded Public Works Programmes (EPWP’s) 20 10 WASTE DISPOSAL 20 10.1 Hazardous waste 20 10.2 Household waste 21 11 CHEMICAL USAGE 21 12 COSTS, PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF FOREST MANAGEMENT 21 13 CONCLUSION 22 APPENDIX 1: HARVEST TREE SELECTION CRITERIA APPLIED IN THE INDIGENOUS FORESTS OF THE GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK 23 APPENDIX 2: TREE LIST FOR THE INDIGENOUS FORESTS OF THE GARDEN ROUTE 24 1 1 INTRODUCTION The Garden Route National Park (GRNP) consists of a mosaic of diverse terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and marine ecosystems, landscapes, and cultural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Use in Indigenous Forests of the Eastern Cape, South Africa and Its Effects on Bird Communities
    Resource use in indigenous forests of the Eastern Cape, South Africa and its effects on bird communities by Jessica Leaver Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science at Stellenbosch University Promoter: Prof. M.I. Cherry March 2020 i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Indigenous forest represents South Africa’s most limited and fragmented biome, but supports disproportionality high levels of biodiversity. Furthermore, forests provide a range of resources for people, particularly the rural poor, and are thus of high socio-economic value. This is particularly true in the Eastern Cape, which harbours 46% of South Africa’s remaining indigenous forest cover, and some of the country’s most economically impoverished populace. Forest management in this region is thus required to balance the needs of resource users with the conservation of forest biodiversity through sustainable use. However, de facto open-access systems of resource use prevail, and there is concern that unregulated harvesting of forest products is driving forest degradation. Supporting this, a recent study found forest bird ranges to have declined in the region over the past 20 years, despite no loss of forest cover over the same time period.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimycobacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts of Some African
    Antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of leaf extracts of some African Anacardiaceae tree species. Short Title: Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity of Anacardiaceae tree species Prudence N. Kabongo-Kayoka1,2, Jacobus N. Eloff2, Chikwelu L. Obi3, Lyndy J. McGaw2 1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X 6, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] 2Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 3Division of Academic Affairs, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P.N. Kabongo-Kayoka) Treatment of tuberculosis is a challenge due to multi and extremely drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plant species contain antimicrobial compounds that may lead to new anti-TB drugs. Previous screening of some tree species from the Anacardiaceae family revealed the presence of antimicrobial activity, justifying further investigations. Leaf extracts of 15 Anacardiaceae tree species were screened for antimycobacterial activity using a twofold serial microdilution assay against the pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis and multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis and rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium aurum. The vaccine strain, M. bovis and an avirulent strain, H37Ra M. tuberculosis, were also used. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a colorimetric assay against Vero kidney, human hepatoma and murine macrophage cells. Four out of 15 crude acetone extracts showed significant antimycobacterial activity with MIC varying from 50 to 100µg/mL. Searsia undulata had the highest activity against most mycobacteria, followed by Protorhus longifolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ingwehumbe Management Plan Final 2018
    Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve KwaZulu-Natal South Africa Management Plan Prepared by KwaZulu-Natal Biodiversity Stewardship Programme Citation Johnson, I., Stainbank, M. and Stainbank, P. (2018). Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve Management Plan. Version 1.0. AUTHORISATION This Management Plan for Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve is approved: TITLE NAME SIGNATURE AND DATE KwaZulu-Natal MEC: Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism Recommended: TITLE NAME SIGNATURE AND DATE Chief Executive Officer: EKZNW Chairperson: EKZNW, Biodiversity Conservation Operations Management Committee Chairperson: People and Conservation Operations Committee Management Authority INGWEHUMBE NATURE RESERVE MANAGEME N T P L A N I TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHORISATION I TABLE OF CONTENTS II LIST OF TABLES III LIST OF FIGURES III ABBREVIATIONS IV 1) BACKGROUND 1 1.1 Purpose of the plan 1 1.2 Structure of the plan 2 1.3 Alignment with METT 4 1.3 Introduction 4 1.4 The values of Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 5 1.5 Adaptive management 7 2) DESCRIPTION OF INGWEHUMBE NATURE RESERVE AND ITS CONTEXT 9 2.1 The legislative basis for the management of Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 9 2.2 The regional and local planning context of Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 10 2.3 The history of Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 12 2.4 Ecological context of Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 14 2.6 Socio-economic context 20 2.7 Operational management within Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve 23 2.8 Summary of management issues, challenges and opportunities 24 3) STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK 26 3.1 Ingwehumbe Nature Reserve vision 26
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding and Phylogenetic Analysis of Searsia
    Poster ID : 828 DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of Searsia Makhado Tshililo, Michelle van der Bank and Sanele N. S. Shiba The African Centre for DNA Barcoding (ACDB), Department of Botany & Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa ABSTRACT Background. The family Anacardiaceae includes approximately 800 species in 82 genera. Rhus L. is the largest and most widely distributed genus in Anacardiaceae. However, controversy has surrounded the delimitation of the genus. Searsia F.A. Barkley was originally included into the Rhus complex but recent molecular studies have separated it along with six other genera from the Rhus complex and recognised them as separate genera. The genus Searsia, which is the focus of the current study, is represented by approximately 120 species and is widely distributed in Africa with only three species currently known from Asia. Here we include an extensive sampling and molecular analyses of Searsia species across its distribution range in Africa to access the relationships within the genus. Results. In total 205 taxa, representing 35 species of Searsia, were sequenced for the core barcoding regions (matK and rbcLa) along with additional markers, i.e. ITS, ETS, trnL-F and ndhF. Significance. This study contributes a first large sampling of Searsia. An infrageneric classification for the genus will be presented. Anacardium occidentale AY594459 Anacardium occidentale OM3645 Anacardium occidentale GH0152 Trichoscypha acuminata MPADN0277 Trichoscypha arborea MPADN0003Anacardium excelsum GQ9
    [Show full text]
  • Zimbabwe-Mozambique)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020) Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains 93 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe-Mozambique) Jonathan Timberlake1, Petra Ballings2,3, João de Deus Vidal Jr4, Bart Wursten2, Mark Hyde2, Anthony Mapaura4,5, Susan Childes6, Meg Coates Palgrave2, Vincent Ralph Clark4 1 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UK 2 Flora of Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe 3 Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium 4 Afromontane Research Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa 5 National Her- barium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe 6 Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe Corresponding author: Vincent Ralph Clark ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. Riina | Received 10 December 2019 | Accepted 18 February 2020 | Published 10 April 2020 Citation: Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR (2020) Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (Zimbabwe- Mozambique). PhytoKeys 145: 93–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257 Abstract The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with 1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions).
    [Show full text]
  • Durham Research Online
    Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 22 April 2020 Version of attached le: Accepted Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Stringer, S.D. and Hill, R.A. and Swanepoel, L. and Dalrymple, S.E. and Linden, B. and Koyama, N.F. (2020) 'Assessing the role of a mammalian frugivorous species on seed germination potential depends on study design : a case study using wild samango monkeys.', Actao oecologica., 106 . p. 103584. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2020.103584 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2020 This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk Assessing the role of a mammalian frugivorous species on seed germination potential depends on study design: A case study using wild samango monkeys Simon D.
    [Show full text]
  • Tshisikhawe Phd Submission
    CHAPTER 9 REFERENCES ABENSPERG-TRAUN, M. 2009.CITES, sustainable use of wild species and incentive-driven conservation in developing countries, with an emphasis on southern Africa. Biological Conservation 142: 948-963. ACOCKS, J.P.H. 1953. Veld Types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 28: 1-192. ACOCKS, J.P.H. 1988. Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd edition. Memoirs of the Botanical survey of South Africa. No. 57. ANGASSA, A. AND OBA, G. 2010. Effects of grazing pressure, age of enclosures and seasonality on bush cover dynamics and vegetation composition in southern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments 74: 111-120. ANTOCI, A., BORGHESI, S. AND RUSSU, P. 2005.Biodiversity and economic growth: Trade-offs between stabilization of the ecological system and preservation of natural dynamics. Ecological Modelling 189: 333-346. ARONSON, J., MILTON, S.J., BLIGNAUT, J.N. AND CLEWELL, A.F. 2006. Nature Conservation as if people mattered. Journal for Nature Conservation 14: 260-263. BEISINGER, S.R. AND MCCULLOUGH, D.R. 2002. Population viability analysis. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. BERGER, K., CRAFFORD, J.E., GAIGHER, I., GAIGHER, M.J., HAHN, N. AND MACDONALD, I. 2003. A first synthesis of the environmental, biological and 236 cultural assets of the Soutpansberg. Leach printers, Louis Trichardt, South Africa. BERLINER, D. 2005. Systematic conservation planning for the forest biome of South Africa. Approach, methods and results of the selection of priority forests for conservation action, Water and Forestry Support Programme, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Pretoria. BESSONG, P.O., OBI, C.L., ANDREOLA, M.L., ROJAS, L.B., POUSEGU, L., IGUMBOR, E., MEYER, J.J.M., QUIDEAU, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Dyes, Colors & Pigements
    Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org DYES , COLORS & PIGMENTS Writing By TAREK ISMAIL KAKHIA 0 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Natural dye Skeins of wool colored with natural plant dyes. Contents : 1 Origins 2 Processes 3 Common dyestuffs o 3.1 Reds and pinks o 3.2 Oranges o 3.3 Yellows o 3.4 Greens o 3.5 Blues o 3.6 Purples o 3.7 Browns o 3.8 Greys and blacks o 3.9 Lichen o 3.10 Fungi 4 Luxury dyestuffs o 4.1 Royal purple o 4.2 Crimson and scarlet o 4.3 The rise of formal black 5 Decline and rediscovery 6 Notes 7 References 1 Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org - Introduction : Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources – roots, berries, bark, leaves, and wood — and other organic sources such as fungi and lichens. Archaeologists have found evidence of textile dyeing dating back to the Neolithic period. In China, dyeing with plants, barks and insects has been traced back more than 5,000 years. The essential process of dyeing changed little over time. Typically, the dye material is put in a pot of water and then the textiles to be dyed are added to the pot, which is heated and stirred until the color is transferred. Textile fiber may be dyed before spinning (dyed in the wool), but most textiles are yarn- dyed or piece-dyed after weaving.
    [Show full text]