OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

Note Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: Asparagales: Orchidaceae: Oberonia) of Sri Lanka: revision in regional distribution and documentation on vegetative propagation

Menaka Ariyarathne & Deepthi Yakandawala

26 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11683–11685 10.11609/jot.3854.10.5.11683-11685

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11683–11685 Note

Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: (1859), O. truncata Lindley (1859), Asparagales: Orchidaceae: Oberonia) O. walliesilvae Jayaweera (1963), of Sri Lanka: revision in regional and O. weragamaensis Jayaweera distribution and documentation on (1963). In 2012 the natonal red ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) list of Sri Lanka had recognized ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) vegetative propagation nine endemic species including O. forcipata Lindley (1859) in OPEN ACCESS Menaka Ariyarathne 1 & Deepthi Yakandawala 2 additon to the eight species listed 1,2 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, by Fernando & Ormerod (2008). Galaha Road, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka Though Jayaweera (1981) reported 1,2 Post Graduate Insttute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Galaha Road, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka O. forcipata as a species endemic to Sri Lanka, Johnsingh 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), (2001) reported the occurrence of O. forcipata from 2 [email protected] Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India. Similarly, Oberonia longibracteata is another species that has been recorded as endemic to Sri Lanka by the The genus Oberonia Lindley was frst described by Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (Trimen 1893), the Lindley in 1830 [Lindley 1963 (1830)], afer ‘Oberon’ the Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (Jayaweera mythological king of fairies. At the beginning Lindley 1981), an annotated check list of Orchids of Sri Lanka described 13 Oberonia species and subsequently many (Fernando & Ormerod 2008), and the natonal red list species were recognized and are stll being described. of threatened fora and fauna of Sri Lanka (MOE 2012). According to Pridgeon et al. (2006) the genus consists Contradictory to these reports, O. longibracteata has of 150–200 species but based on the latest updates, been recorded from India (Kerala), Thailand, Cambodia, this genus consists of 343 accepted species (eMonocot China and Vietnam (Ansari & Balakrishnan 1990; 2015). Pridgeon et al. 2006; eFloras 2008; Averyanov 2013). It Sri Lanka harbors 16 Oberonia species is recorded as a well-known folk medicine for scorpion including the newly recognized Oberonia bites in Cambodia (Lewis & Elvin-Lewis 2003; Pridgeon meegaskumbura Priyadarshana, Wijewardana & Kumar et al. 2006). (Fernando & Ormerod 2008; MOE 2012; Priyadarshana This record once again reduces the number of et al. 2017). According to Fernando & Ormerod (2008) endemic Oberonia species in Sri Lanka to eight (including there are eight endemic Oberonia species in Sri Lanka, Oberonia meegaskumbura) and the total number of viz.: O. claviloba Jayaweera (1963), O. dolabrata endemics in the family Orchidaceae remain at 50 with Jayaweera (1963), O. longibracteata Lindley, (1830), the additon of the recently recognized endemics, O. quadrilatera Jayaweera (1963), O. scyllae Lindley O. meegaskumbura and Podochilus warnagalensis

DOI: htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3854.10.5.11683-11685

Editor: Pankaj Kumar, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden (KFBG) Corporaton, Tai Po, Hong Kong S.A.R., China. Date of publicaton: 26 April 2018 (online & print)

Manuscript details: Ms # 3854 | Received 23 October 2017 | Final received 23 February 2018 | Finally accepted 29 March 2018

Citaton: Ariyarathne, M. & D. Yakandawala (2018). Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: Asparagales: Orchidaceae: Oberonia) of Sri Lanka: revision in regional distributon and documentaton on vegetatve propagaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(5): 11683–11685; htp://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3854.10.5.11683-11685

Copyright: © Ariyarathne & Yakandawala 2018. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this artcle in any medium, reproducton and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

Funding: Natonal Research Council, Sri Lanka (Grant Number- NRC 12-121). NRC National Research Council Sri Lanka Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: Authors wish to thank Dr. Malaka Wijesinghe for his valuable support during the feld work. Department of Wildlife conservaton and Forest department of Sri Lanka for providing necessary permissions. This research was LOGOsfnancially supported by Natonal research council of Sri Lanka (NRC 12-121).

11683 Notes on fairy orchids of Sri Lanka Ariyarathne & Yakandawala

A B © W.A.M.P. Ariyarathne

Image 1. Oberonia longibracteata Lindl. A - a small populaton of plants growing as lithophytes cling to the surface of rocks; B - a mother plant with vegetatvely propagated plantlets bearing fowers/ dried seeds/ fresh seeds circled in yellow.

Wijewardana, Priyadarshana, Arangala, Atanagoda, 2013 by Averyanov on vegetatve propagaton by means Samarakoon & Kumar (Wijewardana et al. 2016). The of producing new plantlets from the axils of foral bracts accurate status of a species is important for the validity of old inforescence in Oberonia longibracteata. In the of the other documentaton such as taxonomic revisions present communicaton we record a recent observaton, and evaluaton of the conservaton categories during on vegetatve propagaton of the same species, O. the red listng and the richness of the biodiversity of the longibracteata, and this will be the frst record of island. vegetatve propagaton of an Oberonia species in Sri Sexual reproducton is commonly observed in the Lanka. This observaton was made at Hantane Forest family Orchidaceae. However, vegetatve propagaton Reserve at an elevaton of 1,203m during the dry season by the means of producing adventtous buds with roots in Kandy District, Sri Lanka (Image 1). towards the ends of stems/leaves is also recorded in few These propagules were observed, emerging at a genera such as Podochilus Blume (1825), Vanda Jones ex distance of about ½ to ⅔ from the base of the feshy R. Br. (1820), and Phalaenopsis Blume (1825). According matured leaves where the drying inforescence is to the available literature, the reproducton of species atached. These newly emerged keikis have the ability belonging to the genus Oberonia was exclusively sexual, to grow into a mature plant while being atached to via seeds (Jones et al. 2010 who referred to (Clements the mother plant and also produce fowers and fruits. 1989; Dockrill 1969, 1992; Schlechter 1911, 1982; Once this leaf bearing the keiki dries of, the keiki starts Seidenfaden 1978)), untl an observaton was made in growing as an independent plant by gradually ataching

11684 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11683–11685 Notes on fairy orchids of Sri Lanka Ariyarathne & Yakandawala to the nearby surface. Johnsingh, A.J.T. (2001). The Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: A As this observaton was made during the dry season global heritage of biological diversity. Current Science 80(3): 378– 388. in November, this could be an adaptaton to survive and Jones, D.L., T. Hopley & S.M. Dufy (2010). Lucid Key Server: Australian reproduce. This mechanism ensures the reproductve tropical rain forest Orchids (version 1.1) - Oberonia, Center for Australian Natonal Biodiversity Research, Commonwealth success and survival of the species during exhaustng Science and Industrial Research Organisaton, Lusidcentral.org and environmental conditons by producing fully grown Australian Biological Resources Study; htp://keys.trin.org.au/key- propagules. server/data/08090a09-0d0e-410b-860c-020705070e0e/media/ Html/genera/Oberonia.htm. Accessed 28 May 2017. Lewis, W.H. & M.P. Elvin-Lewis (2003). Medical Botany: Plants References Afectng Human Health. John Wiley & Sons, 556pp. Lindley, J. (1859). Folia orchidacea, An Enumeraton of the Known Ansari, R. & N.P. Balakrishnan (1990). A revision of the Indian species Species of Orchids. At 5, Charles Street, Covent Garden, London, of Oberonia (Orchidaceae). Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, 39pp. 8pp. Averyanov, L.V. (2013). The orchids of Vietnam illustrated survey. Part Lindley, J. (1963). The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. 4. Subfamily Epidendroideae (tribes Arethuseae and Malaxideae). Ridgways, London, 15pp. Turczaninowia 16(1): 5–163. MOE (2012). The Natonal Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservaton Blume, C.L. (1825). Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie - Vol. Status of the Fauna and Flora. Ministry of Environment, Colombo, 7. Batavia: Ter Lands Drukkerij, 286–354pp. Sri Lanka, 293–300pp. Brown, R. (1820). Vanda roxburghii, chequer-fowered Vanda. Pridgeon A.M., P. Cribb, M.W. Chase & F.N. Rasmussen (2006). Genera Botanical Register 6: 506. Orchidacearum Vol. 4: Epidendroideae (part 1), 475-478pp. Oxford Clements, M.A. (1989). Catalogue of Australian Orchidaceae. University Press. Australian Orchid Research 1: 1–160. Priyadarshana, T.S., I.H. Wijewardhane, A.G. Athanagoda, Dockrill, A.W. (1969). Australian Indigenous Orchids - Volume 1. The N.S. Arangala, A. Jayasooriya & P. Kumar (2017). Oberonia Society for Growing Australian Plants, Halstead Press, Sydney. meegaskumburae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae), a Dockrill, A.W. (1992). Australian Indigenous Orchids - Volume 1 & 2. new species from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 302(3): 59–265. Surrey Beaty & Sons in associaton with The Society for Growing Schlechter, R. (1911). Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Orchideen-Flora von Australian Plants, Chipping Norton, NSW. Sumatra. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematk 104: 13. eFloras (2008). eFloras.org, htp://www.eforas.org Electronic version Schlechter, R. (1982). The Orchidaceae of German New Guinea accessed 28th May 2017. (incorporatng the fgure atlas to the above). Essendon: Victoria, The eMonocot (2015). eMonocot version 1.0.5., htp://e-monocot.org/ Australian Orchid Foundaton, 1,180pp.-illus., maps, keys. En Many Electronic version accessed 28 May 2017. new taxa. Translaton by RS Rogers and others of” Die Orchidaceen Fernando, S.S. & P. Ormerod (2008). An annotated checklist of the von Deutsch-New-Guinea”. Icones, Maps. Geog, 6. Orchids of Sri Lanka. Rheedea 18(1): 1–28; htp://doi.org/10.11646/ Seidenfaden, G. (1978). Orchid genera in Thailand. VII. Oberonia Lindl. phytotaxa.266.2.10 & Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 34(1): 1–94. Jayaweera, D.M. (1963). New orchids from Ceylon. Botanical Museum Trimen, H. (1893). A Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon (Vol. 4). Dulau, Leafets, Harvard University 20(4): 93–116. London, 138pp. Jayaweera, D.M.A. (1981). Orchidaceae. In: Dassanayake, M.D. & F.R. Wijewardana, I.H., T.S. Priyadarshana, N.S. Arangala, A.G. Fosberg (eds.). A Revised Hand Book to the Flora of Ceylon (Vol. 2). Athanagoda, R.T. Samarakoon & P. Kumar (2016). Podochilus Amerind Publicaton Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 387pp. warnagalensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 266(2): 151–156.

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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 April 2018 | 10(5): 11683–11685 11685 OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton.

ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)

April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 5 | Pages: 11551–11702 Date of Publicaton: 26 April 2018 (Online & Print) www.threatenedtaxa.org DOI: 10.11609/jot.2018.10.5.11551-11702

Artcle Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat Buterfy diversity in human-modifed ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the -- Abhishek Chaterjee, Sudeshna Ghoshal, Soumyajit Chowdhury & eastern Himalaya, India Pinakiranjan Chakrabart, Pp. 11652–11658 -- Prem Kumar Chetri, Kishor Sharma, Sailendra Dewan & Bhoj Kumar Acharya, 11551–11565 The frst report of two thread-legged assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from India -- Balasaheb V. Sarode, Swapnil S. Boyane & Hemant V. Ghate, Pp. 11659– Communicatons 11664

Contrastng human perceptons of and attudes towards two threatened Water striders, the genus Cylindrostethus Mayr (Insecta: Heteroptera: small carnivores, Lycalopex fulvipes and Leopardus guigna, in rural Gerridae) from India with a new record communites adjacent to protected areas in Chile -- E. Eyarin Jehamalar, Kailash Chandra & G. Srinivasan, Pp. 11665–11671 -- I. Sacristán, A. Cevidanes, F. Acuña, E. Aguilar, S. García, M.J. López, J. Millán & C. Napolitano, Pp. 11566–11573 The invasive aphid Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky, 1899) (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea: Lachninae) recorded on important fruit trees in Sightng trend of the Indian Skimmer (Charidiformes: Laridae: Rynchops Kashmir Valley, India albicollis Swainson, 1838) in Natonal Chambal Gharial Sanctuary (1984– -- Govindasamy Mahendiran, Shahid Ali Akbar & Mudasir Ahmad Dar, 2016) refectng on the feasibility of long-term ecological monitoring Pp. 11672–11678 -- L.A.K. Singh & R.K. Sharma, Pp. 11574–11582

Comparatve cross-sectonal survey on gastrointestnal parasites of captve, Notes semi-captve, and wild Elephants of Sri Lanka Anemone trullifolia and Berberis angulosa as new records to the fora of -- Nirupama Abeysekara, R.P.V. Jayanthe Rajapkse & R.S. Rajakaruna, the western Himalaya, India Pp. 11583–11594 -- Ishwari Dat Rai, Gajendra Singh & Gopal Singh Rawat, Pp. 11679–11682

Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: Asparagales: Orchidaceae: Short Communicatons Oberonia) of Sri Lanka: revision in regional distributon and documentaton on vegetatve propagaton The extncton of Faure’s Broom Adenocarpus faurei Maire (Leguminosae) in -- Menaka Ariyarathne & Deepthi Yakandawala, Pp. 11683–11685 Algeria -- Mohamed Djamel Miara, Mohammed Ait Hammou & Jah Skipper, Additonal reports of solitary poter wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Pp. 11595–11598 Eumeninae) in Bhutan -- Tshering Nidup, Wim Klein, P. Girish Kumar & Phurpa Dorji, Pp. 11686– Conservaton assessment of two rare gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Dampa 11696 Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India -- Pankaj Kumar & Priya Singh, Pp. 11599–11605 On the occurrence of the rare Long-nosed Stargazer Ichthyscopus lebeck (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (Uranoscopidae) in the coastal waters of New records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Assam, northeastern Visakhapatnam, India India with a distributon list of bat fauna of the state -- Govinda Rao Velamala & Muddula Krishna Naranji, Pp. 11697–11700 -- Ananda Ram Boro, Prasanta Kumar Saikia & Utam Saikia, Pp. 11606–11612

On the birds of Marivan County, western Iran: an update Correcton -- Fatah Zarei, Seyed Naseh Hosseini, Jalal Pezeshk, Loghman Maleki & Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Pp. 11613–11617 Corrigendum - Buterfy host plant Monograph, P. 11701

Nestng patern of birds in Jahangirnagar University Campus, Bangladesh -- Israt Jahan, Sajeda Begum, Mohammad Mostafa Feeroz, Delip Kumar Das & Miscellaneous Ashis Kumar Data, Pp. 11618–11635 Member Natonal Biodiversity Authority An annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India -- Anirban Data-Roy, Vivek Ramachandran & Karthik Teegalapalli, Pp. 11636– 11651

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