Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) ISSN 1560–7259 (print edition) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.19.3.1 TURCZANINOWIA http://turczaninowia.asu.ru ISSN 1560–7267 (online edition)

UDC 582.594(597)

New and rare orchids (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Cambodia and Laos

L. V. Averyanov1, Khang Sinh Nguyen2, T. V. Maisak1, E. L. Konstantinov3, Tien Hiep Nguyen4, Somchanh Bounphanmy5

1Russian Academy of Sciences, Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popov, 2; St. Petersburg, RF-197376, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 3Kaluga State University, Kaluga, Stepan Razin str., 26, RF-0248023, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 4Center for Plant Conservation, No 25/32, lane 191, Lac Long Quan, Nghia Do, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected] 5National University of Laos, Faculty of Science, Dept of Biology, Dong Dok, PO Box 7322, Vientian, LAO PDR E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Key words: Cambodia, Laos, flora, Orchidaceae, plant diversity.

Summary. Herbarium material collected in 2013–2015 in Cambodia and Laos provides 298 new localities for 167 orchid species (from 57 genera). Almost all reported locations are new on the territory of studied countries. These data provide substantial basis for understanding of present day distribution of rare species needed protection. Among reported species, 8 species are new for the flora of CambodiaBulbophyllum ( macranthum, B. orientale, B. physocoryphum, B. retusiusculum, Dendrobium pachyphyllum, Eria tenuiflora, Pholidota recurva, Thelasis pyg- maea) and 43 species are new for the flora of Laos Bulbophyllum( ambrosia, B. andersonii, B. bicolor, B. bisetoides, B. delitescens, B. depressum, B. forrestii, B. lilacinum, B. longibrachiatum, B. psyhoon, Calanthe alismifolia, C. sylvatica, Cheirostylis pusilla, Cleisostoma melanorachis, C. subulatum, C. williamsonii, Coelogyne eberhardtii, C. leucantha, C. ovalis, Dendrobium eriiflorum, D. falconeri, D. trantuanii, D. williamsonii, Didymoplexis pallens, Epigeneium fuscescens, Eria apertiflora, E. bambusifolia, E. pachyphylla, Flickingeria fimbriata, Gastrochilus suavis, Liparis mannii, L. sootenzanensis, Luisia ramosii, Oberonia kwangsiensis, O. maxima, Pelatantheria insectifera, Phalaenop- sis braceana, Pholidota yunnanensis, Schoenorchis scolopendria, S. tixieri, Tainia cordifolia, Thrixspermum calceo- lum). Five species (Dendrobium minusculum, Oberonia simplex, Porpax capuccinorum, P. laosensis and Taeniophyl- lum filiferum) discovered in Cambodia in Laos are described as new for science. One genus (Didymoplexis) was found in Laos at first. Such rare ornamental species as Aerides falcata, A. flabellata, A. rosea, Arundina caespitosa, Asco- labium pusillum, Bulbophyllum bicolor, Calanthe cardioglossa, Coelogyne assamica, C. calcicola, C. eberhardtii, C. flaccida, C. trinervis, Dendrobium aphyllum, D. christyanum, D. chryseum, D. chrysotoxum, D. crepidatum, D. dixanthum, D. falconeri, D. fimbriatum, D. findleyanum, D. gratiosissimum, D. jenkinsii, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, D. senile, D. thyrsiflorum, D. trantuanii, D. trigonopus, D. williamsonii, Doritis pulcherrima, Gastrochilus suavis, Holcoglossum kimballianum, H. subulifolium, Hygrochilus parishii, Paphiopedilum concolor, P. dianthum, Pha- laenopsis braceana, Schoenorchis scolopendria, S. tixieri, Spathoglottis affinis, Tainia cordifolia, Vanda brunnea, V. denisoniana, V. flavobrunnea become presently very rare on the territory of studied local floras and badly need protection to prevent their extinction in nature.

Поступило в редакцию 26.06.2016 Submitted 26.06.2016 Принято к публикации 07.09.2016 Accepted 07.09.2016 6 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Новые и редкие виды орхидных во флоре Камбоджи и Лаоса

Л. В. Аверьянов1, Кхан Синь Нгуен2, Т. В. Майсак1, Е. Л. Константинов3, Тьен Хьеп Нгуен4, Сомчан Бонфанами5

1 Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, ул. Проф. Попова, 2; Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия 2 Институт экологи и биологических ресурсов, Академии наук и технологии Вьетнама, 18 Хоанг Куок Мшуе, Лай Гау, Ханой, Вьетнам 3 Калужский государственный университет, Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, 26, RF-0248023, Россия 4 Центр охраны растений, No 25/32, линия 191, Лак Лонг Куан, Ни До, Кай Гау, Ханой, Вьетнам 5 Национальный университет Лаоса, фокультет науки,отдел биологии, Донг Док, PO 7322, Вьентьян, Лаос

Ключевые слова: Камбоджа, Лаос, флора, орхидные, Orchidaceae, разнообразие растений.

Аннотация. Гербарные сборы 2013–2015 годов документируют 298 новых нахождений 167 видов ор- хидных (из 57 родов) в Камбодже и Лаосе. Почти все приведенные местонахождения являются новыми для территорий изученных стран. Эти данные существенно расширяют современные знания о распространении редких растений, нуждающихся в охране. Среди приводимых видов 8 являются новыми для флоры Камбод- жи (Bulbophyllum macranthum, B. orientale, B. physocoryphum, B. retusiusculum, Dendrobium pachyphyllum, Eria tenuiflora, Pholidota recurva, Thelasis pygmaea) и 43 – новые для флоры Лаоса (Bulbophyllum ambrosia, B. andersonii, B. bicolor, B. bisetoides, B. delitescens, B. depressum, B. forrestii, B. lilacinum, B. longibrachiatum, B. psyhoon, Calanthe alismifolia, C. sylvatica, Cheirostylis pusilla, Cleisostoma melanorachis, C. subulatum, C. williamsonii, Coelogyne eberhardtii, C. leucantha, C. ovalis, Dendrobium eriiflorum, D. falconeri, D. trantuanii, D. williamsonii, Didymoplexis pallens, Epigeneium fuscescens, Eria apertiflora, E. bambusifolia, E. pachyphylla, Flickingeria fimbriata, Gastrochilus suavis, Liparis mannii, L. sootenzanensis, Luisia ramosii, Oberonia kwangsiensis, O. maxima, Pelatantheria insectifera, Phalaenopsis braceana, Pholidota yunnanensis, Schoenorchis scolopendria, S. tixieri, Tainia cordifolia, Thrixspermum calceolum). Пять видов (Dendrobium minusculum, Oberonia simplex, Porpax capuccinorum, P. laosensis и Taeniophyllum filiferum) из Камбоджи и Лаоса описаны в качестве новых для науки. Один род (Didymoplexis) приводится для Лаоса впервые. Такие декоративные виды, как Aerides falcata, A. flabellata, A. rosea, Arundina caespitosa, Ascolabium pusillum, Bulbophyllum bicolor, Calanthe cardioglossa, Coelogyne assamica, C. calcicola, C. eberhardtii, C. flaccida, C. trinervis, Dendrobium aphyllum, D. christyanum, D. chryseum, D. chrysotoxum, D. crepidatum, D. dixanthum, D. falconeri, D. fimbriatum, D. findleyanum, D. gratiosissimum, D. jenkinsii, D. loddigesii, D. nobile, D. senile, D. thyrsiflorum, D. trantuanii, D. trigonopus, D. williamsonii, Doritis pulcherrima, Gastrochilus suavis, Holcoglossum kimballianum, H. subulifolium, Hygrochilus parishii, Paphiopedilum concolor, P. dianthum, Phalaenopsis braceana, Schoenorchis scolopendria, S. tixieri, Spathoglottis affinis, Tainia cordifolia, Vanda brunnea, V. denisoniana, V. flavobrunnea в настоящее вре- мя на территории изученных локальных флор становятся очень редкими и крайне нуждаются в охране для предотвращения их полного вымирания в природе.

Introduction square and various natural conditions all countries The orchid flora of Cambodia and Laos still of Indochina should certainly conceal similar orchid remains one of the less studied orchid floras in richness and diversity. Present paper summarizes Tropical Asia. In comparison to other countries of some consequent steps in studies of the orchid Indochina Peninsula, such as Thailand or Vietnam flora of Cambodia and Laos based on herbarium each including at least 1100 species (Seidenfaden, specimens collected by different collectors in the 1992; Averyanov, 2003; Pedersen et al., 2011), field mainly during 2013–2015. about 200 orchid species totally were recorded for The paper provides 298 new localities for 167 Cambodia (Seidenfaden, 1992; Averyanov, 2013; species (from 57 genera) among which 8 species Leti et al., 2013; Schuiteman et al., 2015, 2016; are new for the flora of Cambodia and 43 species Tagane et al., 2015) and about 530 species for Laos represent new records for Laos. One genus – Didy- (Newman et al., 2007; Schuiteman et al., 2008; moplexis is recorded for the Laotian flora at first. Averyanov, 2013). Meanwhile, according to their Mentioned new records (see table 1) represent sig- Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 7

Table 1 New records of orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos Names of new species for science and species new for the flora are marked with bold font (additionally, new species for science are marked with asterisk “*”, new species for Cambodia and Laos are marked with superscript letters “C” and “L” respectively)

Acampe rigida Cleisostoma arietinum L D. trantuanii Odontochilus tortus Aerides falcata C. birmanicum D. trigonopus Panisea tricallosa A. flabellata C. fuerstenbergianum L D. williamsonii P. uniflora A. rosea L C. melanorachis L Didymoplexis pallens Paphiopedilum concolor Appendicula hexandra C. simondii Doritis pulcherrima P. dianthum Arachnis labrosa L C. subulatum Epigeneium amplum Pelatantheria ctenoglossum Arundina caespitosa L C. williamsonii L E. fuscescens L P. insectifera Ascolabium pusillum Coelogyne assamica Eria acervata Phaius flavus Biermannia calcarata C. calcicola L E. apertiflora L Phalaenopsis braceana Bulbophyllum affine L C. eberhardtii L E. bambusifolia Pholidota articulate L B. ambrosia C. flaccida E. lasiopetala P. imbricate L B. andersonii L C. leucantha E. muscicola P. pallida B. apodum L C. ovalis L E. pachyphylla C P. recurva L B. bicolor C. trinervis E. paniculata L P. yunnanensis L B. bisetoides C. viscosa E. pannea Podochilus oxystophylloides B. clandestinum Corymborkis veratrifolia C E. tenuiflora Polystachya concreta L B. delitescens Cymbidium aloifolium E. tomentose Pomatocalpa spicatum L B. depressum Dendrobium aphyllum Flickingeria angustifolia *Porpax capuccinorum B. flabellum-veneris D. christyanum L F. fimbriate P. elwesii L B. forrestii D. chrysanthum L Gastrochilus suavis *P. laosensis B. helenae D. chryseum Goodyera procera Robiquetia spathulata L B. lilacinum D. chrysotoxum Hetaeria affinis LSchoenorchis scolopendria L B. longibrachiatum D. concinnum Holcoglossum kimballianum L S. tixieri C B. macranthum D. crepidatum H. subulifolium Smitinandia micrantha C B. orientale D. dixanthum Hygrochilus parishii Spathoglottis affinis B. parviflorum D. ellipsophyllum Liparis bootanensis Sunipia scariosa C B. physocoryphum L D. eriiflorum L. cespitosa *Taeniophyllum filiferum L B. psyhoon L D. falconeri L L. mannii L Tainia cordifolia B. repens D. fimbriatum L. pumila C Thelasis pygmaea C B. retusiusculum D. findleyanum L L. sootenzanensis L Thrixspermum calceolum B. rufilabrum D. gratiosissimum L. viridiflora T. centipeda B. spathulatum D. jenkinsii L Luisia ramosii Trias disciflora B. tenuifolium D. lagarum L. zollingeri Trichoglottis lorata B. violaceolabellum D. loddigesii Malleola dentifera T. orchidea B. xylophyllum D. nobile Nervilia aragoana Trichotosia dasyphylla L Calanthe alismifolia *D. minusculum Oberonia cavaleriei T. pulvinata C. cardioglossa C D. pachyphyllum O. ensiformis Tropidia angulosa C. lyroglossa D. parciflorum O. gammiei T. curculigoides C. odora D. porphyrochilum L O. kwangsiensis Vanda brunnea L C. sylvatica D. salaccense L O. maxima V. denisoniana Callostylis rigida D. senile O. mucronate V. flavobrunnea L Cheirostylis pusilla D. thyrsiflorum *O. simplex nificant addition to our previous knowledge (Gag- drobium minusculum Aver., Oberonia simplex Aver., nepain, Guillaumin, 1932–1934; Vidal, 1959; Sei- Porpax capuccinorum Aver., P. laosensis Aver. and denfaden, 1966, 1973, 1975; Schuiteman, Vogel, Taeniophyllum filiferum Aver. discovered in Cambo- 2000; Callaghan, 2004; Svengsuksa, Lamxay, 2005) dia and Laos are described as new for science. summarized in last accounts of Cambodian (Seiden- The annotated list of all discovered species faden, 1992) and Laotian floras (Newman et al., is presented below. Paragraphs for species are 2007; Schuiteman et al., 2008). Five species – Den- arranged in the list according to species name in 8 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos alphabetic order. The annotation for each species New and rare orchids in the flora of includes following data in separate lines: Cambodia and Laos – valid name and main synonyms, occurring in regional literature; Acampe Lindl. – maximally abbreviated and unified text of A. rigida (J. E. Smith) P. F. Hunt, herbarium labels including geographical locality, 1970, Kew Bull. 24, 1: 98; Newman et al., collection date, collectors’ names, collection number 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 251; Schuit. et and acronym of Herbarium where mentioned al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 262; Aver., 2013, specimen is housed; Turczaninowia 16, 4: 28. – living form, summarized available data on Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, ecology, habitat elevation, phenology and observed Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015. rarity; N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA- – general distribution and distribution in studied VN 1144 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, countries (by listing of the country provinces). Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong Color and line illustrations as well as taxonomic village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. notes are additionally provided for new and most Khang et al., LA-VN 1163 (HNL, FOF, LE). significant species. The names of orchid species and Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary genera reported for Cambodia and Laos at first are broad-leaved evergreen forests on limestone, often marked in the list with superscript letters “C” and on exposed cliffs near hilltops, 200–950 m. Fl. “L” respectively, and species described as a new for September – November. One of the commonest science are marked with asterisk “*”. species in observed limestone areas. Southern and east Africa, Sri Lanka, India, The following Herbarium acronyms are used in Myanmar, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, the text: Peninsular Malaysia. Laos: Attapu, Bolikhamxai, CPC – Herbarium of the Center for Plant Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Conservation, Vietnam Union of Science and Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Savannakhet, Technology Associations, Hanoi, Vietnam. Vientiane, Xaignabouri. LE – Herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Aerides Lour. Russian Federation. A. falcata Lindl. et Paxton, HNL – Conseil National des Sciences, National 1851, Fl. Gard. 2: 142; Newman et al., 2007, Herbarium of Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR. Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 252; Schuit. et al., FOF – Herbarium of National University of 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 263. Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Prefixes CPC“ ” and “LA-VN” at some collecting district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. numbers represent abbreviations of “The Center for Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1433 (HNL, Plant Conservation” (CPC) and “Laos – Vietnamese FOF, LE). expedition” (LA-VN). Both collecting series are Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved attributed to herbaria collected in expeditions evergreen open forests on any kind of soil, 170–1200 managed by the Center for Plant Conservation m. Fl. March – June. Locally common. Ornamental. (Vietnam Union of Science and Technology NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Associations) with main collectors – Leonid V. Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Averyanov and Nguyen Tien Hiep. Prefixes K “ ” Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangphrabang, and “TM” at plant collecting numbers designate Xaisomboun. herbarium collections of Eugene L. Konstantinov and Tatiana V. Maisak with their co-workers. A. flabellata Downie, Attractive species highly desirable for cultivation 1925, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1925(9): 387; are indicated in the list as “ornamental”. Almost Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao all these species fast become very rare due to PDR: 252; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: commercial collecting even on protected areas 314. and badly need conservation to prevent their full ≡ Vanda flabellata (Downie) Christenson, 1985, extinction in nature. Indian Orchid Journ. 1, 4: 156. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 9

Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem ≡ Renanthera labrosa (Lindl. et Paxton) Rchb. f., district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 1855, Xenia Orchid. 1: 88. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1419 (HNL, ≡ Armodorum labrosum (Lindl. et Paxton) Schltr., FOF, LE). 1911, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 197. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Northeastern Laos, Houphan province, Hem dis- evergreen and deciduous open dry forests on any trict, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. kind of soil, often in dipterocarp forests or forests Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1463 (HNL, on limestone, (500)1000–1200 m. Fl. April – May. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houphan province, Not common. Ornamental. Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, SW. China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bokeo, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, Louang Namtha, Louang- 1107 (HNL, FOF, LE). phrabang. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous open dry forests on any A. rosea Paxton, kind of soil, often in dipterocarp forests or on fo- 1851, Fl. Gard. 2: 109; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. rests on limestone, 150–1500 m. Fl. July – August. Journ. Bot. 26: 263; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, Locally common. 4: 28. NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, Ryukyu Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon Is., Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu, Champasak, district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, Houaphan, Saravan, Vientiane. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1235 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Arundina Blume phan province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 A. caespitosa Aver., April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et 2007, Taiwania 52: 289; Schuit. et al., 2008, al., LA-VN 1322 (HNL, FOF, LE). Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 265. Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary Fig. 1A. and secondary broad-leaved evergreen forests on Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao rocky limestone, 500–1200 m. Fl. March – May. Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km NE Locally common. Ornamental. of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, Thai- Maisak, AL 159a (LE – photo). land, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Louangphrabang, Lithophyte. Primary and secondary dry Vientiane. evergreen forests along rocky stream, commonly of wet sandstone rocks, rarely on sandy wet soil Appendicula Blume in deciduous dipterocarp forests, 300–800 m. Fl. A. hexandra (J. Koenig) J. J. Sm., August – December. Locally common. Ornamental. 1932, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3, 12: 119; Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Khammouan, Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 28. Vientiane. Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Phnom This rare species almost extinct in Vietnam Bokor National park, 1 December 2014, E. Kon- but remains still common fairly in some observed stantinov, K-365 (LE). areas in central Laos (Phou Khao Khouay National Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Cloud Protected Area). evergreen forests on mountain tops, usually along rocky streams. 900–100 m. Fl. May – July. Occa- Ascolabium S. S. Ying sional. A. pusillum (Aver.) Aver., Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra. Cambodia: Kam- 1994, Identification Guide. Viet. Orch.: 397; pot. Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 265. ≡ Ascocentropsis pusilla (Aver.) Senghas et Arachnis Blume Schildh., 2000, Orchideenfr. 7: 290; Newman et al., A. labrosa (Lindl. et Paxton) Rchb. f., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 253. 1886, Bot. Centralbl. 28: 343; Newman et al., ≡ Ascocentrum pusillum Aver., 1988, Bot. Journ. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 253; Schuit. et (Moscow & Leningrad) 73: 104. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 265; Aver., 2013, Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, Pakse Turczaninowia 16, 4: 28. district, Bolaven plateau, along road Paksong – Ban = Renanthera bilinguis Rchb. f., 1854, Xenia Or- Houay Kong, 26 November 2015, E. Konstantinov, chid. 1: 7. T. Vongsa, K-389 (LE). 10 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 1. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A – Arundina caespitosa Aver. (AL 159a). B, C – B. andersonii (Hook. f.) J. J. Sm. (LA-VN 1184a). D, E – Bulbophyllum bisetoides Seidenf. (LA-VN 514). F, G – B. delitescens Hance (LA-VN 954). H – B. depressum King et Pantl. (LA-VN 1157). I – B. forrestii Seidenf. (LA-VN 516). Photos by L. Averyanov. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 11

Epiphyte. Primary and old secondary evergreen province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 and deciduous open forests, 800–1200 m. Fl. No- April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et vember – December. Rare. Ornamental. al., LA-VN 1240 (HNL, FOF, LE). Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Cham- Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary pasak. broad-leaved evergreen dry forests, often on rocky Rare endemic of eastern Indochina standing in limestone, 800–1200 m. Fl. December – April. Lo- Vietnam on the verge of full extinction. cally very common. S. China, Hong Kong, Hainan, Vietnam. Laos: Biermannia King et Pantl. Houaphan. B. calcarata Aver., 1988, Bot. Journ. (Moscow & Leningrad) 73: L B. andersonii (Hook. f.) J. J. Sm., 429; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 265. 1912, Bull. Jard. Bot. (Buitenzorg) 2 ser. 8: 22. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Fig. 1B, C. trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 972 (HNL, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April FOF, LE). 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Canopy epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad- LA-VN 1184a (LE). leaved evergreen humid forests on any kind of soil, Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen commonly along stream valleys, 900–1450 m. Fl. dry forests on rocky limestone, 600–700 m. Fl. May – May – June. Rare. August. Not common. Vietnam. Laos: Phongsali, Xiangkhouang. NE. India, Bhutan, China, Myanmar. Laos: Plants from Laos may be different from the type Houaphan. originated from northern Vietnam (Schuiteman et al., 2008). B. apodum Hook. f., 1890, Fl. Brit. India 5: 766; Aver., 2013, Bulbophyllum Thouars Turczaninowia 16, 4: 29. B. affine Lindl., Creeping lithophyte and epiphyte. Northeastern 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 48; Newman et al., Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 254; Schuit. et village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 266; Aver., 2013, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1441 (HNL, FOF, LE). Turczaninowia 16, 4: 29. Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengx- secondary broad-leaved evergreen open dry forests ay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. on rocky limestone, 500–1200 m. Fl. May – June. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1184 Locally very common. (HNL, FOF, LE). NE. India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen Java, Kalimantan. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane. and deciduous dry forests on any kind of soil, 600– 1500 m. Fl. May – August. L B. bicolor Lindl., NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Ryukyu Islands, 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 49; Aver., 2012, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Taiwania, 57, 2: 127. Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang Namtha, Phong- Northeastern Laos, Houphan province, Viengxay sali, Saravan, Vientiane. district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, It is “one of the most frequent epiphytic orchids L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1152a / TM in northern Laos” (Schuiteman et al., 2008). 1271 (LE). Fig. 2. (d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE L B. ambrosia Schltr., FLORA 0252/LA-VN 1152a). 1919, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 247. Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. = B. amygdalinum Aver., 1988, Bot. Journ. (Mos- Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen cow & Leningrad) 73: 1023. open forests on rocky limestone, commonly on Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- mossy hill and mountain tops, 800–950 m. Fl. May – xay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. June. Locally common. Ornamental. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1152 SE. China (Hong Kong), NW. Vietnam. Laos: (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Houphan. 12 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

This species considered earlier as endemic of al., LA-VN 1180 (HNL, FOF, LE). Hong Kong (Barretto, Cribb, Gale, 2011) has actu- Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary ally broad distribution in limestone areas of north- and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and eastern Laos and northwestern Vietnam. It is note- semideciduous dry forests on rocky limestone, worthy that in Indochina the species was observed commonly on shady cliffs, 600–1450 m. Fl. March – exclusively in forests on rocky limestone. May. Locally common. Ornamental. NE. India, continental SE. China, Hong Kong, L B. bisetoides Seidenf., Hainan, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. 1970, Bot. Tidsskr. 65: 354. Fig. 1D, E. L B. depressum King et Pantl., Central Laos, Vientiane province, Vang Vieng 1897, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 2, Nat. Hist. 66: district, Na Po village, about 12 km to the W of 585. Vang Vieng town, 17 March 2013, N. T. Hiep, L. = B. hastatum Tang et F. T. Wang, 1974, Acta Averyanov et al., LA-VN 514 (LE). Phytotax. Sin. 12: 44. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary dry broad- Fig. 1H. leaved evergreen and semideciduous forests on Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- rocky limestone, 500–1000 m. Fl. December. Rare. xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1157 (HNL, FOF, LE). B. clandestinum Lindl., Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved 1841, Bot. Reg. 27, misc.: 77; Newman et al., evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, common- 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 955; Schuit. et ly on hill and mountain tops, 600–700 m. Fl. April – al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 267. May. Not common. = B. sessile (Kuntze) J. J. Sm., 1905, Orch. Java: N. India, S. China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, 448. Vietnam, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan. Laos: Houa- = B. bolovenense Guillaumin, 1958, Bull. Mus. phan. Natl. Hist. Nat. 2I, 29: 500. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham B. flabellum-veneris (J. Koenig) Aver. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 2003, Updated Checklist Orchids Vietnam: 73. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1088 (HNL, = B. lepidum (Blume) J. J. Sm., 1905, Orch. Java: FOF, LE). 471; Seidenf., 1992, Opera Bot. 114: 279. Lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and secondary Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous dry forests town, Koch Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 20 Novem- on any kind of soil, often along streams, 170–1400 ber 2011, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, M. Telepova, 729 m. Fl. June – August. Occasional. (LE). Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Epiphyte. Secondary dry evergreen broad-leaved Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, lowland forest, 50–600 m. Fl. April – October. Not Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, tropical rare. Ornamental. Pacific islands. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Myanmar, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Laos, Khammouan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, tropical Pacific islands. L B. delitescens Hance, Cambodia: Siem Reap, Sihanoukville. 1876, Journ. Bot. 14: 44. Fig.1F, G. L B. forrestii Seidenf., Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham 1974, Dansk Bot. Ark. 29, 1: 120, fig. 60. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Fig. 1I; 3A. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1033 (HNL, Central Laos, Vientiane province, Vang Vieng FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, district, Na Po village, about 12 km to the W of Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Vang Vieng town, 17 March 2013, N. T. Hiep, L. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 954 Averyanov, K. Chantthavongsa et al., LA-VN 516 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan (HNL, FOF, LE). province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 Epiphyte or occasionally lithophyte. Primary April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et and secondary dry broad-leaved evergreen and Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 13

Fig. 2. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos.Bulbophyllum bicolor Lindl. Digital herbarium speci- men – d-EXSICCATES OF LAOTIAN FLORA 0252/LA-VN 1152a / TM 1271. Photos, design and image correction by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. 14 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 3. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos.A – Bulbophyllum forrestii Seidenf. (LA-VN 516). B, C – B. lilacinum Ridl. (K-387). D, E – B. orientale Seidenf. (LA-VN 1241a / TM 1287). F, G – B. parviflorum Par. et Rchb. f. (AL 154). H – B. physocoryphum Seidenf. (K-366). I – B. psyhoon Schltr. (LA-VN 613). Photos by L. Aver- yanov (A, D–G, I) and E. Konstantinov (D, C, H). Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 15 semideciduous forests on rocky limestone, 2011, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, M. Telepova, 843 commonly on hill tops, 500–1000 m. Fl. December – (LE). February. Not common. Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary dry Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Thailand, evergreen broad-leaved lowland forests on low hills, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane. 20–150 m. Fl. March – May. Locally common. Flowers with very strong unpleasant smell. Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bangka, B. helenae J. J. Sm., Philippines, New Guinea, tropical Pacific islands. 1912, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 2, 8: 24; New- Cambodia: Sihanoukville. man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 255; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 267. C B. orientale Seidenf., Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon 1979, Dansk Bot. Ark. 33: 138; Aver. et Aver- district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, yanova, 2003, Updated Checklist Orch. Viet.: 16; N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 1241 (HNL, FOF, LE). 256; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 270. Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary Fig. 3D, E. broad-leaved evergreen forests on any kind of soil, Southern Cambodia, about 16 kilometers to the 900–1250 m. Fl. March – May, August – September. N of Sihanoukville town, Khan Prey Nup district, Not common. Kbal Chhay Waterfall, 5 December 2012, T. Maisak, NE. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand. Laos: L. Osinovetz, M. Telepova, 971 (LE). Northeastern Houaphan, Louang Namtha, Phongsali. Laos, Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. L B. lilacinum Ridl., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1241a / TM 1897, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 276. 1287 (LE). Fig. 3B, C. Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, Pakse and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and district, Bolaven plateau, road Paksong – Ban Houay semideciduous forests on any kind of soil, (150)600– Kong, 1170 m, 21 November 2015, E. Konstantinov, 1200 m. Fl. October – November. Occasional. T. Vongsa, K-387 (LE). Thailand, Vietnam. Cambodia: Sihanoukville. Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan. evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved open dry forests, 1100–1200 m. Fl. November. Rare. B. parviflorum Par. et Rchb. f., Thailand, Malacca Peninsula. Laos: Champasak. 1874, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 152; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 270; Aver., 2013, L B. longibrachiatum Z. H. Tsi, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 30. 1981, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1: 115. Fig. 3F, G. = B. purpureifolium Aver., 1997, Bot. Journ. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao (Moscow & Leningrad) 82: 141. Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km NE Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 988 (HNL, Maisak, AL 154 (LE – photo). FOF, LE). Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and Creeping lithophyte or occasionally epiphyte. secondary dry evergreen forests on any kind of soil, Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen commonly on large rocks along streams, 300–350 dry forests on rocky limestone, commonly on hill m. Fl. November – December. Not rare. and mountain tops, 1200–1450 m. Fl. September – NE. India, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, October. Locally common. Ornamental. Cambodia. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Vientiane. SE. China (SE. Yunnan), N. Vietnam. Laos: C Xiangkhouang. B. physocoryphum Seidenf., 1979, Dansk Bot. Ark. 33: 51. C B. macranthum Lindl., Fig. 3H. 1844, Bot. Reg. 30, tab. 13. Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville Phnom Bokor National park, 16 December 2014, town, Koch Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 20 November E. Konstantinov, K-366 (LE). 16 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Epiphyte. Cloud evergreen broad-leaved forests Cambodia: Kampot. Laos: Champasak, Secong, near mountain tops, commonly along stream, 900– Xiangkhouang. 1000 m. Fl. December – January. Rare. Thailand. Cambodia: Kampot. B. rufilabrum Hook. f., 1890, Fl. Brit. India 5: 761; Newman et al., L B. psyhoon Schltr., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 256; Schuit. et 1878, Gard. Chron. n.s., 1878: 170. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 271; Aver., 2013, = B. lockii Aver. et Averyanova, 2006, Komarovia Turczaninowia 16, 4: 30. 4: 5. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao Fig. 3I; 4A. Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km Central Laos, Khammouan province, Bounlapha NE of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, district, Thong Sam village, Hinnam No Protected T. Maisak, AL 158 (LE). Central Laos, Vientiane Area, 9 March 2013, L. Averyanov, N. T. Hiep, V. province, Vang Vieng district, Nathong village, Lamxay et al., LA-VN 319 (HNL, FOF, LE). Central about 5 km to the W of Vang Vieng town, 14 March Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi district, Thong Mout 2013, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., village, 20 March 2013, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. LA-VN 385b (LE). S. Khang et al., LA-VN 613 (HNL, FOF, LE). Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and Epiphyte. Primary evergreen broad-leaved and secondary dry evergreen broad-leaved forests on any mixed forests on any kind of soil, commonly on kind of soil, commonly along streams, 300–500 m. mountain tops, 800–1650 m. Fl. March – April. Lo- Fl. November – December. Locally very common. cally very common. Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia. Laos: NE. India, S. China, Vietnam. Laos: Kham- Bolikhamxai, Khammouan, Vientiane. mouan, Vientiane. B. spathulatum (E.W. Cooper) Seidenf., B. repens Griff., 1970, Bot. Tidsskr. 65: 347; Newman et al., 1851, Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 293; Schuit. et al., 2008, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 256; Schuit. et Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 270. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 271. Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, Pakse Fig. 4B, C. district, Bolaven plateau, road Paksong – Ban Houay Central Laos, Bolikhamxai province, Khamkeut Kong, 1170 m, 21 November 2015, E. Konstantinov, district, Dan Khum Ngan locality, 18 January 2009, T. Vongsa, K-386 (LE). S. Bounphanmy, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov et al., Creeping lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and LA-VN 21j (LE). Central Laos, Vientiane province, secondary broad-leaved open evergreen and semi- Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area to deciduous forests, mostly on rocky limestone, 1100– about 40 km NE of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. 1200 m. Fl. November – January. Not common. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 154a (LE – photo). NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad- Champasak. leaved evergreen and semideciduous open forests on thin soil, commonly along rivers or granite outcrops, C B. retusiusculum Rchb.f., 300–600 m. Fl. October – December. Occasional. 1869, Gard. Chron. 1869: 1182; Newman et al., NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 256; Schuit. et Bolikhamxai, Khammouan, Vientiane. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 270. Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Phnom B. tenuifolium (Blume) Lindl., Bokor National park, 16 December 2014, E. 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 50. Konstantinov, K-367 (LE). Southeastern Laos, = B. konstantinovii Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia Secong province, Thateng district, Bolaven Plateau, 16, 4: 29. 16 December 2015, E. Konstantinov, T. Vongsa, Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Bokor K-401 (LE). National Park, Bokor mt., 24 November 2012, T. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen Maisak, M. Telepova, L. Osinovetz, I. Kutuzova s.n. broad-leaved forests on any kind of soil, commonly (LE). Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Bokor on mountain tops, 900–1700 m. Fl. December – National park, 16 December 2014, E. Konstantinov, April. Not rare. K-368 (LE). NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Taiwan, Epiphyte. Cloud evergreen broad-leaved and Hainan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula. mixed forests on mountain tops, often along rocky Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 17

Fig. 4. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A –B. psyhoon Schltr. (LA-VN 319). B, C – B. spathu- latum (E. W. Cooper) Seidenf. (AL 154a). D, E – C. sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. (P. Thomas, R. Timmins s.n.). F, G – C. melanorachis Aver. et Averyanova (LA-VN 1176). H, I – D. eriiflorum Griff. (K-391). Photos by L. Averyanov (A–C, F, G), P. Thomas, R. Timmins (D, E) and E. Konstantinov (H, I). 18 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos mountain streams, 900–1500 m. Fl. November – Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Bokor December. Not common. National park, 16 December 2014, E. Konstantinov, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan. K-363 (LE). Cambodia: Bokor. Lithophytic and terrestrial herb on rocky ground. Primary and secondary dense humid and cloud B. violaceolabellum Seidenf., evergreen broad-leaved forests, often along streams, 1981, Nordic Journ. Bot. 1: 210; Newman et al., 600–1000 m. Fl. January, October – December. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 857; Schuit. et Locally common. Ornamental. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 272; Aver., 2012, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam. Cambodia: Kampot. Taiwania, 57, 2: 129. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem C. lyroglossa Rchb. f., district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 1878, Otia Bot. Hamburg.: 53; Newman et al., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1457 (HNL, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 257; Schuit. et FOF, LE). al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 272. Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and = Calanthe nephroidea Gagnep., 1951, Bull. secondary broad-leaved evergreen open dry forests Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 2, 22: 625. on rocky limestone, (500)1000–1200 m. Fl. March – Central Laos, Khammouan province, Nakai May. Not common. district, Ban Theung commune, Nakai Plateau, 19 Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Louangphrabang. January 2015, P. Thomas, R. Timmins, s.n. (LE – photo). B. xylophyllum Par. et Rchb. f., Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary humid 1874, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 151; evergreen, broad-leaved and coniferous forests, Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: commonly in wet shady depressions growing on 257; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 272. decaying timber, 900–1000 m. Fl. December – Central Laos, Vientiane province, Vang Vieng February. Not common. district, close vicinities of Vang Vieng town, 13 Myanmar, Taiwan, Thailand, Cambodia, December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 203 Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Malaysia, Philippines. (LE). Laos: Champasak, Khammouan. Creeping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests on rocky C. odora Griff. limestone, 350–500 m. Fl. December – February. 1851, Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 365; Newman et al., Rare. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 257; Schuit. et NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 272. Laos: Vientiane. = Calanthe angusta Lindl., 1855, Fol. Orchid. 6: 7. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Calanthe R. Br. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. L C. alismifolia Lindl., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1060 (HNL, 1854, Fol. Orch. Calanthe: 8. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang e al., LA- N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN VN 1483 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, 1116 (HNL, FOF, LE). Houaphan province, Hem district, Na Puok village, Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, et al., LA-VN 1356 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern commonly in shady humid depressions, 800–950 Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc m. Fl. January – February, July – August. Locally village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, common. N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1427 (HNL, FOF, LE). NE. India, Bhutan, Japan, China, Taiwan, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1171 C. cardioglossa Schltr., (HNL, FOF, LE). 1906, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 85; Aver., Terrestrial and lithophytic herb. Primary 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 30. and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 19 semideciduous dry forests on rocky limestone, Cheirostylis Blume commonly in humid shady places, 600–1400 m. Fl. L C. pusilla Lindl., April – June. Locally common. Ornamental. 1840, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 489; Aver., 2015, Wul- NE. India, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. fenia 22: 150. Laos: Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L C. sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl., L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1335 (HNL, 1833, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 250. FOF, LE). Fig. 4D, E. Miniature creeping lithophyte. Primary and se- Central Laos, Khammouan province, Nakai condary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky district, Ban Theung commune, Nakai Plateau, 19 limestone, 1050–1150 m. Fl. September – October. January 2015, P. Thomas, R. Timmins, s.n. (LE – Rare. photo). NE. India, SW. China (S. Yunnan), Thailand, Terrestrial herb. Primary evergreen broad-leaved, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula. mixed and coniferous forests, commonly in shady The early record of this species for Laos (Aver- humid places, 800–900 m. Fl. December – January. yanov, 2013: 32, fig. 1, I – E. Konstantinov et al., Not common. Ornamental. 14bOR-L-GPS018) belongs to another, not yet de- Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India, Bhutan, scribed species. Nepal, Myanmar, China, Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia. Laos: Khammouan. Cleisostoma Blume C. arietinum (Rchb. f.) Garay, Callostylis Blume 1972, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 169; Newman et al., C. rigida Blume 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 258; Schuit. et 1825, Bijdr.: 340; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 274. 16, 4: 30. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham = Eria discolor Lindl., 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Soc., Bot. 3: 51; Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1081 (HNL, Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 267; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Journ. Bot. 26: 290. Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. = Tylostylis discolor (Lindl.) Hook. f., 1895, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 996 Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: 22. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- province, Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 975 (HNL, LA-VN 1500 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Houaphan province, Hem district, Na Puok village, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN et al., LA-VN 1305 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern 1332 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc vil- phan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., lage, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. LA-VN 1393 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Khang et al., LA-VN 1428 (HNL, FOF, LE). Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. evergreen and deciduous dry open forests on any S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1231 (HNL, FOF, LE). kind of soil, 700–1450 m. Fl. January, March – Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. April. Common, particularly in open dipterocarp Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen fo- and limestone forests. rests on any kind of soil, 800–1450 m. Fl. Novem- NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Viet- ber – February. Very common, particularly on rocky nam, Malacca Peninsula. Laos: Champasak, Houa- limestone. phan, Xiangkhouang. NE. India, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam, Malac- ca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Bo- C. birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay likhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, 1972, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 170; Newman et al., Louang Namtha, Phongsali, Vientiane, Xiang- 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 258; Schuit. et khouang. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 274. 20 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 259; Schuit. et district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 275; Aver., 2013, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1082 (HNL, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 33. FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved trict, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on any yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 924 (HNL, FOF, kind of soil, 1200–1400 m. Fl. June – July. Occa- LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak sional. district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 987 (HNL, Champasak, Khammouan, Xiangkhouang. FOF, LE). Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved C. fuerstenbergianum Kraenzl. evergreen and deciduous dry forests on any kind of 1909, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 39; New- soil, often open limestone forests, 1200–1850 m. Fl. man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 259; October – December. Occasional. Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 275; Aver., NE. India, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 33. Champasak, Khammouan, Louangphrabang, Xiang- Central Laos, Khammouan province, Lak Sao khouang. town area, 31 October 2013, E. Konstantinov, K-220 (LE). Central Laos, Khammouan province, L C. subulatum Blume, Thakhek town area, Pha In Cave, 3 November 1825, Bijdr.: 363; Aver., 2015, Taiwania 60, 3: 2013, E. Konstantinov, K-234 (LE). Central Laos, 115. Xiangkhouang province, Peak district, Oran village, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. et al., LA-VN 926 (HNL, FOF, LE). Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 977 (HNL, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen and FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, semideciduous broad-leaved open dipterocarp and Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. limestone forests, particularly on hill and mountain Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1399 tops, 100–1240 m. Fl. June – December. Not rare. (HNL, FOF, LE). S. China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary Attapu, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Khammouan, and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Vientiane, on rocky limestone, 1000–1450 m. Fl. December – Xiangkhouang. January, March – July. Locally common. NE. India, Bhutan, S. Myanmar, Thailand, Viet- L C. melanorachis Aver. et Averyanova, nam, Cambodia, Malacca Peninsula, Indonesia, 2006, Komarovia 4: 8. Philippines. Laos: Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. 4F, G. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem L C. williamsonii (Rchb. f.) Garay, district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, 1972, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 23, 4: 176. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1320 (HNL, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 960 (HNL, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1429 FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et LA-VN 1197 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, al., LA-VN 1176 (HNL, FOF, LE). Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, com- S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1290 (HNL, FOF, LE). monly on hill and mountain tops, 600–1200 m. Fl. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved March – May. Locally common. evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, 600–1450 N. Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. m. Fl. April – May. Locally common. NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, C. simondii (Gagnep.) Seidenf., S. China, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, 1975, Dansk Bot. Ark. 29, 3: 66; Newman et al., Java, Kalimantan. Laos: Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 21

Coelogyne Lindl. granite and gneiss, 1100–1200 m. Fl. September – C. assamica Linden et Rchb.f., October. Not common. Ornamental. 1857, Allg. Gartenzeitung 25: 403; Newman et S. Vietnam. Laos: Champasak. al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 259; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 275. C. flaccida Lindl., = C. siamensis Rolfe, 1914, Bull. Misc. Inform. 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 39; Newman et al., Kew 1914: 373. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 259; Schuit. et = C. annamensis Rolfe, 1914, Bull. Misc. In- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 276; Aver., 2013, form. Kew 1914: 211. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 33. = C. dalatensis Gagnep., 1930, Bull. Mus. Natl. = Coelogyne lactea Rchb. f., 1885, Gard. Chron. Hist. Nat. 2, 2: 423. n.s., 1885, 1: 692. = Cymbidium evrardii Guillaumin, 1930, Bull. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Soc. Bot. France 77: 339. trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. = Coelogyne saigonensis Gagnep., 1938, Bull. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 995 (HNL, Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 2, 10: 435. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, = C. dichroantha Gagnep., 1950, Bull. Mus. Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Natl. Hist. Nat. 2I, 22: 506. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1328 Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, (HNL, FOF, LE). Bolaven Plateau, Tad Gneuang Waterfall, 9 Lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. Primary December 2014, E. Konstantinov, K-357 (LE). and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen on rocky limestone, often on exposed rocks, 500– broad-leaved forests, 1000–1200 m. Fl. November – 1750 m. Fl. March – April. Locally common. Or- December. Not common. Ornamental. namental. NE. India, Bhutan, SW. China (Yunnan), Thai- NE. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, China. land, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang.

C. calcicola Kerr, L C. leucantha W. W. Sm., 1933, Journ. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl. 9: 233; 1921, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13: 198; Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: Aver. et al., 2015, Wulfenia 22: 152. 259; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 276. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham trict, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 931 / TM 1221 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1068 (HNL, (HNL, FOF, LE). FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Creeping epiphyte. Primary broad-leaved mixed Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. and coniferous evergreen humid forests on shale Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1447 sandstone, commonly on tall mossy trees near (HNL, FOF, LE). mountain tops, 1750–1850 m. Fl. March – May Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secon- (June). Locally common. dary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on rocky limestone, commonly on mountain N. Myanmar, S. China, N. Vietnam. Laos: Xiang- tops, 1000–1500 m. Fl. April – May, July. Locally khouang. common. Ornamental. Recently also found in Vietnam (Averyanov et Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: al., 2015). Champasak, Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. L C. ovalis Lindl., L C. eberhardtii Gagnep., 1838, Bot. Reg. 24, Misc.: 91. 1930, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 2 ser. 2, 4: Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 423. district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N.T. Hiep, L. Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, Pakse Averyanov, N.S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1462 (HNL, district, Bolaven Plateau, road Paksong – Ban FOF, LE). Houay Kong, 26 November 2015, E. Konstantinov, Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary T. Vongsa, K-390 (LE). broad-leaved evergreen open dry forests on rocky Epiphyte. Primary evergreen broad-leaved, limestone near mountain tops, 1000–1200 m. Fl. mixed and coniferous humid forests preferably on August – November. Occasional. 22 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

NE. India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, S. China, 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 277; Aver., 2013, Tur- Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. czaninowia 16, 4: 33. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- C. trinervis Lindl., xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 41; Newman et al., T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 260; Schuit. et 1203 (HNL, FOF, LE). al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 277. Terrestrial semi-woody herb. Primary and secon- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem dary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. limestone, usually in humid shady depressions and Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1395 (HNL, stream valleys with rich soil, 300–800 m. Fl. May – FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, July. Occasional. Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April Tropical Asia and Australia, tropical Pacific 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., islands. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, Louang LA-VN 1245 (HNL, FOF, LE). Namtha, Saravan, Vientiane. Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen open dry dipterocarp and Cymbidium Sw. limestone forests, 350–1200 m. Fl. September – De- C. aloifolium (L.) Sw., cember. Locally common. Ornamental. 1799, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 73; Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Ma- Seidenf., 1992, Opera Bot.: 338; Newman et al., lacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Is- 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 260; Schuit. et lands. Laos: Attapu, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 278; Aver., 2013, Houaphan, Khammouan, Savannakhet, Vientiane, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 33. Xaisomboun. Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville town, Kaoh Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 19 Novem- C. viscosa Rchb. f., ber 2011, T. Maisak, M. Telepova, L. Osinovetz, 845 1856, Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 218; Newman et (LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 260; Schuit. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 277; Aver., 2013, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1072 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 33. Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. LA-VN 1179 (HNL, FOF, LE). Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1052 (HNL, Epiphyte and lithophyte. Occurs in any kind of FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, plant communities, 20–1400 m. Fl. March – May. Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. One of the most common orchids in Cambodia and T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Laos. 1327 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Sri Lanka, India, Andaman Islands, Nepal, phan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Malacca Peninsula, Java. Cambodia: Kampong LA-VN 1448 (HNL, FOF, LE). Chhnang, Sihanoukville. Laos: Attapu, Houaphan, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Khammouan, Louangphrabang, Vientiane, evergreen and semideciduous open dry forests on Xaignabouri, Xiangkhouang. rocky limestone, particularly on hill and mountain tops and along streams, 300–1400 m. Fl. December – Dendrobium Sw. February. Locally common. D. aphyllum (Roxb.) C. E. C. Fisch., NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Viet- 1928, Fl. Madras: 1416; Newman et al., 2007, nam, Malacca Peninsula. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. et al., Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 279. Vientiane, Xaisomboun, Xiangkhouang. ≡ Limodorum aphyllum Roxb., 1795, Pl. Coro- mandel 1: 34. Corymborkis Thouars = Dendrobium pierardii Hook., 1822, Exot. Fl. C. veratrifolia (Reinw.) Blume, 1, t. 9. 1859, Coll. Orch.: 125; Newman et al., 2007, = D. oxyphyllum Gagnep., 1950, Bull. Mus. Natl. Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 260; Schuit. et al., Hist. Nat. 2, 21: 743. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 23

Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1049 (HNL, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1304 (HNL, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, FOF, LE). Kham district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and secondary Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1080 broad-leaved evergreen dry open forests preferably (HNL, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang pro- on rocky limestone, particularly on mossy exposed vince, Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, rocks on hill and mountain tops, 1050–1700 m. Fl. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN April – September. 957 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thai- province, Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April land, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, Sa- 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., vannakhet, Xaisomboun, Xiangkhouang. LA-VN 1465 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Na Puok village, D. chryseum Rolfe, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang 1888, Gard. Chron. 3, 3: 233; Newman et al., et al., LA-VN 1323 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Xieng 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. et Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averya- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 280. nov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1177 (HNL, FOF, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1030 (HNL, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN FOF, LE). 1269 (HNL, FOF, LE). Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Epiphyte or occasionally lithophyte. Primary evergreen and semideciduous dry forests preferab- and secondary broad-leaved and mixed evergreen ly on rocky limestone, 1100–1400 m. Fl. March – and semideciduous dry open forests on any kind of April. Rare. Ornamental. soil, preferably on rocky limestone, 150–1400 m. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Fl. February – July. Occasional. Ornamental. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thai- land, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula. Laos: D. chrysotoxum Lindl., Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, 1847, Bot. Reg. 33, t. 19; Newman et al., 2007, Louang Namtha, Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Vien- Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. et al., tiane, Xaignabouri, Xiangkhouang. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 280. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham D. christyanum Rchb. f., district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 1882, Gard. Chron. 1882 (1): 178; Newman et Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1092 (HNL, al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 280. Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 985 trict, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 922 (HNL, FOF, province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April LE). 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen humid mossy forests on shale and sand- LA-VN 1295 (HNL, FOF, LE). stone on mountain tops, 1200–1900 m. Fl. May – Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary July. Rare. Ornamental. and secondary broad-leaved evergreen and semide- Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Xiang- ciduous dry forests preferably on rocky limestone, khouang. particularly on mountain tops, 300–1400 m. Fl. Ja- nuary – May. Locally common. Ornamental. D. chrysanthum Wall., NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, 1830, Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1299; Newman et al., Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champa- 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. et sak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, Savanna- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 280. khet, Vientiane, Xaisomboun, Xiangkhouang. 24 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

D. concinnum Miq., 2011, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, M. Telepova, 829 1859, Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 644; Seidenf., 1992, Opera (LE). Southwestern Cambodia, Koh Kong province, Bot.: 252. Koh Rong Island, 2013, E. Konstantinov, Chulisov Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville s.n. (LE). town, Kaoh Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 29 Novem- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen ber 2012, T. Maisak et al., 1047 (LE). broad-leaved dry lowland forests on low hills, 2–150 Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen dry m. FL. April – June. Locally common. lowland forests on low hills, 50–100 m. Fl. March – Myanmar, S. China (SE. Yunnan), Thailand, May. Locally common. Vietnam, Laos. Cambodia: Kampot, Sihanoukville, Myanmar, Thailand, Malacca Peninsula, Viet- Stung Treng. nam, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan. Cambodia: Kam- pot, Sihanoukville. L D. eriiflorum Griff., 1851, Ic. Pl. Asiat. 3: 316. D. crepidatum Lindl. et Paxton, Fig. 4H, I. 1850, Fl. Gard. 1: 63; Newman et al., 2007, Southwestern Laos, Champasak province, Pak- Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 262; Schuit. et al., se district, Bolaven Plateau, road Paksong – Ban 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 281; Aver., 2013, Tur- Houay Kong, 26 November 2015, E. Konstantinov, czaninowia 16, 4: 34. T. Vongsa, K-391 (LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. evergreen and semideciduous forests, 1100–1200 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1406 (HNL, m. Fl. October – December. Rare. FOF, LE). N. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar. Laos: Cham- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved pasak. evergreen and deciduous open dry forests on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, 500– L D. falconeri Hook., 1200 m. Fl. March – May. Not common. Ornamen- 1856, Bot. Mag. 82, t. 4944. tal. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, trict, Oran village, 1750–1850 m, 2 April 2015, N. T. Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu, Bolikhamxai, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 927 Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, (HNL, FOF, LE). Vientiane. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forest on shale sandstone, commonly D. dixanthum Rchb. f., on mountain tops and ridge edges, 1700–1900 m. Fl. 1865, Gard. Chron. 1865: 674; Newman et al., April – June. Locally common. Ornamental. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 263; Schuit. et NE. India, Bhutan, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, N. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 282; Aver., 2012, Thailand, N. Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhouang. Taiwania, 57, 2: 130, fig. 6. A great amount of this species specimens ob- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem served in Vietnamese street markets in 2014–2016 district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. originated certainly from northern Laos where it Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1415 (HNL, may be still very common. In Vietnam, this species FOF, LE). is extremely rare and stands on the verge of full ex- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved tinction. evergreen open dry forests on rocky limestone, com- monly on hill and mountain tops, 1000–1200 m. Fl. D. fimbriatum Hook., March – April. Not common. Ornamental. 1823, Exot. Fl. 1, t. 71; Newman et al., 2007, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 263; Schuit. et al., Houaphan. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 282. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak D. ellipsophyllum Tang et F. T. Wang, district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, 1951, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 81; Seidenf., 1992, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 942 (LE – Opera Bot.: 238. photo). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vi- Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville engxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. town, Kaoh Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 20 November T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 25

1150 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1097 phan province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong vil- (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan lage, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 Khang et al., LA-VN 1153 (HNL, FOF, LE). April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et Lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and secondary al., LA-VN 1250 (HNL, FOF, LE). broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous forests Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved on rocky limestone, commonly on mossy exposed evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on any rocks on hill and mountain tops, 350–1500 m. Fl. kind of soil preferably on rocky limestone, 1000– March – May. Not rare. Ornamental. 1400 m. Fl. March – May. Occasional. Ornamental. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thai- NE. India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam. land, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Kham- Khammouan, Louang Namtha, Louangphrabang, mouan, Phongsali, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. D. jenkinsii Wall., D. findleyanum Par. et Rchb.f., 1839, Bot. Reg. 25, t. 37; Newman et al., 2007, 1874, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 149; New- Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 264; Schuit. et al., man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 263; 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 284. Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 282; Aver., = D. marseillei Gagnep., 1934, Bull. Mus. Natl. 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 34. Hist. Nat. 2, 6: 119. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham trict, Khoang village, Pa Khao mt., 3 April 2015, district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA- Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1055 (HNL, VN 958 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, phan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 994 LA-VN 1416 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi province, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1104 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1253 (HNL, FOF, LE). Laos, Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- and mixed evergreen dry forests preferably on rocky yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1251 (HNL, FOF, limestone, 700–1600 m. Fl. (January) March – May. LE). Not common. Ornamental. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champa- evergreen humid forests on mountain tops, particu- sak, Houaphan, Louang Namtha, Vientiane, Xiang- larly on rocky limestone, 900–1450 m. Fl. March – khouang. April. Locally common. Ornamental. A great amount of this species specimens ob- NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, served in Vietnamese street markets in 2014–2016 Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, originated certainly from northern Laos where it Xiangkhouang. may be still very common. In Vietnam, this species is extremely rare and stands on the verge of full ex- D. lagarum Seidenf., tinction. 1985, Opera Bot. 83: 187; Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 264; Schuit. et al., D. gratiosissimum Rchb. f., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 284; Aver., 2010, Tai- 1865, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 99; Newman et wania 55, 1: 4. al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 263; Schuit. Central Laos, Khammouan province, Thakhek et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 283; Aver., 2013, town area, Pha In Cave, E. Konstantinov, K-238 Turczaninowia 16, 4: 34. (LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. broad-leaved forests on rocky limestone, 100–200 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1075 (HNL, m. Fl. January. Not common. FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Kham- Kham district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. mouan. 26 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

D. loddigesii Rolfe, N. Q. Hieu, T. Maisak, Pheng Phengsintham, LA- 1887, Gard. Chron. 3, 2: 155; Newman et al., VN 925”) – LE (holotype), HNL, FOF (isotypes). 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 264; Schuit. et Epitype – d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 284. FLORA 0253/LA-VN 925. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- Fig. 5; 6 (d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. FLORA 0253/LA-VN 925). Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 955 (HNL, Species epithet refers minuscule plant habit. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Perennial clustering sympodial miniature Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. epiphytic herb. Rhizome very short, negligible. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1317 Stems densely clustering, pseudobulbous, erect, (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan with (2)3–4(5) nodes, globose to ovoid and province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 narrowly ovoid, (0.4)0.5–1.5(2) cm tall, (2.5)3–4(5) April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et mm in diam., with (1)2–3(4) leaves, young stems al., LA-VN 1249 (HNL, FOF, LE). glossy green, enveloped by white to light greenish Epiphyte at base of trees and lithophyte. Primary hyaline leaf sheaths, old finely rough, dark green and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests to brown, naked or with light brownish scarious on rocky limestone, 1100–1450 m. Fl. March – May. sheath remains at nodes. Leaves, distichous, sessile, Locally common. Ornamental. sheathed; sheath tubular, as long as internode, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thai- completely disintegrating or remaining in form of land, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Xiang- insignificant scarious, papyraceous remnants on khouang. second-year stems; leaf blade conduplicate, with prominent median vein, suberect or recurved, rather D. nobile Lindl., thin, herbaceous, oblong lanceolate, (0.6)1–2(2.2) 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 79; Newman et al., cm long, (2)3–5(5.5) mm wide, obtuse, sometime 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 264; Schuit. et shortly unequally bilobulate at apex. Inflorescence al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 285. 1–2, synanthous, arising from the apical part of young = D. chlorostylum Gagnep., 1950, Bull. Mus. leafy stem, suberect, lax, many flowered raceme Natl. Hist. Nat. 2, 21: 739. (1)1.5–5(6) cm tall; scape and rachis light green, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham straight, scape short (4)5–10(12) mm long, naked or district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. with 1–2 small sterile bracts. Scape bracts and floral Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1035 (HNL, bracts, light greenish, narrowly triangular, straight, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, conduplicate, tapering and acute at apex, (1.5)2– Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. 4(4.5) mm long, (0.5)0.8–1(1.2) mm wide. Pedicel Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1000 and ovary light green, glabrous, (1)1.2–1.6(1.8) (HNL, FOF, LE). mm long, bent down at apex; pedicel cylindric, Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary ovary obconoid, slightly longitudinally grooved. and secondary broad-leaved and coniferous ever- Flowers nodding, not much widely opening, light green and semideciduous dry forests on mountain greenish, lip apical half light green, (3.2)3.5–4.5(5) tops preferably on rocky limestone, 1200–1450 m. mm across. Sepals spreading, narrowly ovate to Fl. March – May. Not rare. Ornamental. broadly lanceolate, obtuse, (2.8)3–3.4(3.6) mm India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Tai- long, (0.7)0.8–1(1.2) mm wide, lateral sepals at the wan, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Sara- base oblique broadening to 1.8–2 mm wide, forming van, Vientiane, Xaignabouri, Xaisomboun, Xiang- short broad saccate mentum 0.8–1 mm long, 1.2– khouang. 1.5 mm wide. Petals spreading, oblong broadly lanceolate, obtuse, little shorter and narrower than D. minusculum Aver., sp. nov. sepals. Lip more or less movable, entire, narrowly Described from northeastern Laos ovate, (2.2)2.4–2.6(2.8) mm long, (1)1.2–1.4(1.6) (“Xiangkhouang province, Peak district, Oran mm wide, fleshy, glabrous, recurved, blunt to round village, primary and secondary broad-leaved at apex, with 2 low simple fleshy keels running from evergreen dry forest on shale sandstone slopes and the lip base to the epichile. Column light green, along ridge edge at elevation 1750–1850 m a.s.l., very short, erect, stout, shortly cylindric, 0.5–0.6 clustering epiphyte on tall tree, rare”). Type (“2 mm tall, 0.8–1 mm wide, at front with prominent April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang, wing-like purple stelidia 0.6–0.8 mm tall, exceeding Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 27 operculum; stigma large, sub-circular, concave; Miniature branch and trunk epiphyte. Primary rostellum in form of small, thin, truncate plate; montane evergreen, broad-leaved forests on shaly column foot twice longer than the column proper, sandstone, 1750–1850 m. Fl. August – September. thick, concave, shortly cymbiform, 1.2–1.4 mm Rare. long, 0.8–1 mm wide, forward curved. Anther cap Laos: Xiangkhouang. Endemic. light yellow, simple, conical hemispheric, smooth, Morphologically new species is most close to 0.3–0.4 mm tall and wide, at front with broad Dendrobium caespitosum King et Pantl., D. mucro- truncate beak. Pollinia 4, lens-shaped, in two pair, natum Seidenf. and D. porphyrochilum Lindl., from yellow, oblong ovoid, 0.2–0.25 mm long. which differs in smaller uniform pale green flowers

Fig. 5. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Dendrobium minusculum Aver. A – Flowering plant. B – Portion of inflorescence. C, D – Flower, half side view. E – Flattened flower, frontal view. F – Lip, view from above. G – Lip, view from below. H – Lip, side and half side views. I – Transversal section of the lip along line marked in figure F by asterisk (*). All drawn from the type –LA-VN 925 by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. 28 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 6. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Dendrobium minusculum Aver. Digital epitype – d- EXSICCATES OF LAOTIAN FLORA 0253/LA-VN 925. Photos, design and image correction by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 29 and very fleshy, strongly recurved lip with two fat L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1294 (HNL, keels separated by deep groove. This tiny epiphyte FOF, LE). grows in canopies of tall trees, hence its occurrence Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary is difficult to indicate in intact habitats. It was docu- broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous dry diptero- mented until now from lone locality. carp and limestone forests, often in humid shady wet places, 300–1150 m. Fl. April – October. Oc- C D. pachyphyllum (Kuntze) Bakh. f., casional. 1963, Blumea 12: 69. Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Penin- Southwestern Cambodia, eastern part of Carda- sula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai, mom Mountains, Phnom Aural mountain, 23 No- Houaphan, Khammouan. vember 2012, T. Maisak et al., 953a (LE). Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen and D. senile Rchb. f., semideciduous dry open lowland frosts. Fl. March – 1865, Gard. Chron. 1865: 434; Newman et al., May. Not common. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 265; Schuit. et NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malac- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 287; Aver., 2012, ca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan. Cambo- Taiwania 57, 2: 131. dia: border of Pursat and Kampong Speu provinces. Fig. 7A. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao D. parciflorum Lindl., Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 4; New- NE of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 264; T. Maisak, AL 158a (LE – photo). Southwestern Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 285. Laos, Champasak province, Pakse district, Bolaven Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- plateau, along road Paksong – Ban Houay Kong, 26 trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. November 2015, E. Konstantinov, T. Vongsa, K-400 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 991 (HNL, (LE – photo). FOF, LE). Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous dry open evergreen dry forests on any kind of soil, preferably forests and woodlands, commonly on sandstone on rocky limestone, 1000–1450 m. Fl. August – along streams and rivers, 200–1500 m. Fl. January – September. Not common. April. Rare. Ornamental. NE. India, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Burma, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Khammouan, Louangphrabang, Sara- Champasak, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. van, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. A great amount of this species specimens ob- D. porphyrochilum Lindl., served in Vietnamese street markets in 2014–2016 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 18; Schuit. was originated certainly from northern Laos where et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 286. it may be still very common. In Vietnam this spe- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak cies is extremely rare and stands on the verge of full district, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. extinction (Averyanov, 2012). Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 921 / TM 1229 (HNL, FOF, LE). D. thyrsiflorum B. S. Williams, Epiphyte on tall trees. Primary and secondary 1871, Orch.-Grow. Man. ed. 4: 172; Newman et broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on shale sand- al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 265; Schuit. stone along ridge edges, 1750–1850 m. Fl. July. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 288. Rare. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thai- district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. land. Laos: Champasak, Xiangkhouang. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1058 (HNL, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, D. salaccense Lindl., Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 86; Newman et al., Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 970 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 265; Schuit. et (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 286. province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, al., LA-VN 1237 (HNL, FOF, LE). 30 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 7. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A – Dendrobium senile Rchb.f. (AL 158a). B, C – D. trantuanii Perner et X.N. Dang (LA-VN 1402). D, E – D. williamsonii Day et Rchb.f. (CPC 2429). F, G – Epi- geneium fuscescens (Griff.) Summerh. (K-98). H, I – Eria apertiflora Summerh. (LA-VN 974 / TM 1247). Photos by L. Averyanov (A, D, E, H, I), K. S. Nguyen (B, C) and E. Konstantinov (F, G). Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 31

Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et and mixed evergreen and deciduous dry forests on al., LA-VN 1227, 1290a (HNL, FOF, LE). any kind of soil, commonly along stream valleys Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved and on mountain tops, 700–1450 m. Fl. March – evergreen forests on any kind of soil, commonly on May. One of the most frequent epiphytic orchids in mountain tops and along ridge edges, 1100–1400 m. Laos. Ornamental. Fl. March – May. Locally common. Ornamental. NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Viet- NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Vietnam. Laos: nam. Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, Houaphan. Louang Namtha, Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Vien- tiane, Xiangkhouang. L Didymoplexis Griff. Almost all collections from Laos belong to small- L D. pallens Griff., flowered variety –D. thyrsiflorum var. minutiflorum 1844, Calcutta Journal Nat. Hist., 4: 383; id., Aver., 2012, Taiwania 57, 2: 131. 1845, ibid., 5, pl. 17. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- L D. trantuanii Perner et X. N. Dang, trict, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- 2003, Orchidee (Hamburg) 54: 220. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 930 (HNL, FOF, = D. tuananhii Aver., 2004, Orchids (West Palm LE). Beach) 73: 134. Miniature terrestrial achlorophyllous mycotro- Fig. 7B, C. phic herb. Primary and secondary broad-leaved ever- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem green dry forests on shale sandstone along ridge district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, edges on rich soil, 1750–1850 m. Fl. May – June. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1402 (HNL, Very rare. FOF, LE). Tropical and subtropical mainland Asia, Ryukyu Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Islands, Malay Archipelago to New Guinea. Laos: evergreen open dry forests on rocky limestone, Xiangkhouang. 1000–1200 m. Fl. March – May. Very rare. Orna- mental. Doritis Lindl. NW. Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. D. pulcherrima Lindl., 1833, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 178; Aver., 2013, Tur- D. trigonopus Rchb. f., czaninowia 16, 4: 36. 1887, Gard. Chron. 1887, 2: 682; Newman et al., ≡ Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J. J. Sm., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 265; Schuit. et 1933, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 366; New- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 288. man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 277; Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 305. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1095 (HNL, Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km NE FOF, LE). of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Maisak, AL 159c (LE – photo). evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on rocky Lithophyte on exposed rocks commonly along limestone, commonly on mountain tops, 1200–1800 streams, rarely terrestrial or epiphyte in dry open m. Fl. March – May. Not common. Ornamental. semideciduous and deciduous forests, 300–1300 m. Myanmar, China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Fl. June – September. Not rare. Ornamental. Khammouan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, L D. williamsonii Day et Rchb. f., Borneo. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, 1869, Gard. Chron. 1869: 78. Khammouan, Savannakhet, Vientiane. = D. cariniferum auct. non Rchb. f.: Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 34. Epigeneium Gagnep. Fig. 7D, E. E. amplum (Wall.) Summerh., Northern Laos, Phongsali province, Muong May 1957, Kew Bull. 12: 260; Schuit. et al., 2008, district, 22 April 2011, L. Averyanov, P.V. The, CPC Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 289. 2429 (LE – photo). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, 32 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 986 (HNL, 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., FOF, LE). LA-VN 974 / TM 1247 (HNL, FOF, LE). Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Epiphyte on tall trees. Primary and secondary Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky forests on rocky limestone, 1200–1450 m. Fl. limestone, commonly on mountain tops, 1200–1450 August – October. Locally very common. m. Fl. October – December. Occasional. NE. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Laos: Xiangkhouang. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Louang Namtha, Xiangkhouang. L E. bambusifolia Lindl., 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 61. L E. fuscescens (Griff.) Summerh., Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- 1957, Kew Bull. 12: 262. xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. Fig. 7F, G. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi district, 1162 (HNL, FOF, LE). Namken village, 24 March 2013, L. Averyanov, Lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. Primary N. S. Khang, S. Lorphengsy, LA-VN 798 (HNL, and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests FOF, LE). Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi on rocky limestone, commonly on shady mossy district, Thong Mout village, pass on new road to rocks on mountain tops, 600–700 m. Fl. September – Louangphrabang, 21 October 2013, E. Konstantinov November. Rare. et al., K-98 (LE). India, Bhutan, Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. Primary broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, commonly on mountain tops, 1500–1800 E. lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod, m. Fl. September – November. Locally common. 1995, Opera Bot. 124: 22; Newman et al., 2007, NE. India, Bhutan, Nepal, S. China. Laos: Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 268; Schuit. et al., Vientiane. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 290; Aver., 2013, Tur- czaninowia 16, 4: 37. = E. albidotomentosa (Blume) Lindl., 1830, Gen. Eria Lindl. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 66. E. acervata Lindl., = E. pubescens (Hook.) Lindl., 1830, Hort. Brit.: 1851, Journ. Hort. Soc. London 6: 57; Newman 372. et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 267; Fig. 8A, B. Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 289. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, NE of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1307 (HNL, T. Maisak, AL 159b (LE – photo). Northeastern Laos, FOF, LE). Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, commonly al., LA-VN 1461 (HNL, FOF, LE). on mountain tops, 1050–1150 m. Fl. May – June. Creping epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and Not common. secondary broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, open dry forests on any kind of soil, often on Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, mountain tops, in gallery forests and on exposed Houaphan, Louangphrabang. mossy stream rocks, 300–1200 m. Fl. February – April, September – December. Not rare. L E. apertiflora Summerh., NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, 1929, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 9. Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malacca Peninsula, Fig. 7H, I. Sumatra, Java. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Houaphan, Khammouan, Saravan, Vientiane. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1093a / TM E. muscicola (Lindl.) Lindl., 1262 (HNL, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 47; province, Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 33

Fig. 8. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A, B –Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod (AL 159b). C, D – E. pachyphylla Aver. (LA-VN 1208). E. tenuiflora Ridl. (T. Maisak et al., 931). G, H – Gastrochilus suavis Se- idenf. (LA-VN 1131). I – Luisia ramosii Ames (LA-VN 1098). Photos by L. Averyanov (A, B, D–H) and K. S. Nguyen (C, I). 34 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

268; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 291; al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 291; Aver., 2013, Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 37. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 37. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1093 (HNL, 1268 (HNL, FOF, LE). FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Epiphyte on tall trees. Primary and secondary Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. broad-leaved evergreen forests on shaly limestone, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 989 1100–1500 m. Fl. August. Rare. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, SW. China province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April (Yunnan), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Houaphan, Vientiane. LA-VN 1330 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 L E. pachyphylla Aver., April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang 2002, Turczaninowia 5, 4: 77. et al., LA-VN 1458 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern = E. crassifolia Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen, 1994, Laos, Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32: 561, not Ridley, 1915. Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- Fig. 8C, D. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1238 (HNL, FOF, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, LE). Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., broad-leaved and coniferous evergreen and decidu- LA-VN 1208 (HNL, FOF, LE). ous open forests and woodlands on any kind of soil, Lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. Primary commonly on tall trees and on mountain tops, 150– and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry open 1500 m. Fl. March – June (July). One of the com- forests on rocky limestone, commonly on mossy hill monest epiphytic orchid in Laos. and mountain tops, 600–700 m. Fl. March – May. NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Cam- Not common. bodia, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Bor- S. China, N. Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. neo. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang Namtha, Phongsali, Saravan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. E. paniculata Lindl., 1830, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 32; Newman et al., 2007, C E. tenuiflora Ridl., Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 268; Schuit. et al., 1896, Journal. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 291. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 291; Aver., 2013, Tur- Fig. 8E, F. czaninowia 16, 4: 37. Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Bokor Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- National Park, Bokor mt., 24 November 2012, T. trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Maisak, M. Telepova, L. Osinovetz, I.Kutuzova, 931 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 982 (HNL, (LE). Southern Cambodia, Kampot province, Bokor FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, National park, 1 December 2014, E. Konstantinov, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April K-364 (LE). Southern Cambodia, to the N of Siha- 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., noukville town, Kaoh Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 28 LA-VN 1283 (HNL, FOF, LE). November 2012, T. Maisak, M. Telepova, L. Osi- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved novetz, I. Kutuzova, 1012 (LE). evergreen forests on any kind of soil, commonly on Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen mountain tops, solid rocky highly eroded limestone, broad-leaved dry lowland forest on low hills to hu- 1000–1750 m. Fl. March – June. Not rare. mid cloud forests on mountain tops, 50–1050 m. Fl. NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myan- November – January. Not common. mar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Attapu, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Suma- Champasak, Houaphan, Saravan, Vientiane, Xiang- tra, Java, Kalimantan. Cambodia: Kampot, Siha- khouang. noukville.

E. pannea Lindl., E. tomentosa Hook. f., 1842, Bot. Reg. 28 Misc.: 64; Newman et al., 1890, Fl. Brit. India 5: 803; Newman et al., 2007, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 268; Schuit. et Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 268; Schuit. et al., Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 35

2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 292. = G. obliquus (Lindl.) Kuntze var. suavis (Sei- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon denf.) Z. H. Tsi, 1996, Guihaia 16: 141. district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, Fig. 8G, H. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 1234 (HNL, FOF, LE). district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1301 (HNL, and secondary broad-leaved evergreen forests on FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, any kind of soil, 150–1200 m. Fl. May – June. Not Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, common. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: 1131 (HNL, FOF, LE). Champasak, Houaphan, Louangphrabang, Phong- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved sali, Xaignabouri, Xiangkhouang. evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, com- monly on shady humid places on hill and mountain Flickingeria A. D. Hawkes tops, 800–1200 m. Fl. March – May. Not common. F. angustifolia (Blume) A. D. Hawkes, Ornamental. 1965, Orquidea (Rio de Janeiro) 27: 301; Aver., Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 37. This speces regarded earlier as endemic of Thai- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, land (Seidenfaden, 1988) was recently also found in Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, northern Vietnam: Quang Binh province, Minh Hoa N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA- district, Thuong Hoa municipality, environs of Mo VN 1133 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, O O O village, L. Averyanov et al., CPC 3661 (LE); Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong Thanh Hoa province, Thuong Xuan district, Van village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Xuan Municipality, Xuan Lien Natural Reserve, L. Khang et al., LA-VN 1187 (HNL, FOF, LE). Averyanov et al., CPC 6932 (LE). Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on any kind of soil, preferably Goodyera R. Br. on rocky limestone, 500–1350 m. Fl. June – G. procera Hook., September. Locally very common. 1823, Exot. Fl. 1, t. 39; Newman et al., 2007, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 270; Schuit. et al., Indonesia. Laos: Houaphan, Saravan, Vientiane. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 293. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem L F. fimbriata (Blume) A. D. Hawkes, district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. 1965, Orquidea (Rio de Janeiro) 27: 303. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1390 (HNL, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak FOF, LE). district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Terrestrial and occasionally lithophytic herb L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 997 (HNL, in open wet mossy places on any kind of soil and FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, in any plant communities, commonly along sandy Hem district, Na Puok village 11 April 2015, N. T. banks of streams, wet rocks and rocky waterfalls, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1297 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan 400–900 m. Fl. March – May. Not rare. province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Chi- 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., na, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, LA-VN 1326 (HNL, FOF, LE). Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary Sunda Islands, Philippines. Laos: Attapu, Houa- broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky phan, Louangphrabang, Xiangkhouang. limestone, commonly on mossy mountain tops, 1000–1450 m. Fl. April – June. Locally common. Hetaeria Blume Nicobar and Andaman Islands, S. China, Thai- H. affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. et Ormerod, land, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Indonesia, Phi- 2001, Oasis Suppl. 2: 9;. Aver., 2013, Turcza- lippines. Laos: Houaphan, Xiangkhouang. ninowia 16, 4: 38. = Goodyera affinis Griff., 1851, Not. Pl. Asiat. Gastrochilus D. Don. 3: 391. L G. suavis Seidenf., = Hetaeria rubens (Lindl.) Hook. f., 1890, Fl. 1988, Opera Bot. 95: 298. Brit. India 6: 115. 36 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. LA-VN 1194 (HNL, FOF, LE). T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary 1170 (HNL, FOF, LE). broad-leaved evergreen dry open forests preferably Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- on rocky limestone, commonly on mountain tops, leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, 600–1450 m. Fl. April – June. Occasional. Orna- usually in shady humid depressions on rich soil, mental. 300–700 m. Fl. March – May. Not common. NE. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, Champasak, Houaphan, Phongsali, Xiangkhouang. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane. Liparis Rich. Holcoglossum Schltr. L. bootanensis Griff., H. kimballianum (Rchb. f.) Garay, 1851, Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 278; Newman et al., 1972, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 182; Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 272; Schuit. et 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 272; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 295; Aver., 2013, al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 295. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 38. = H. saprophyticum (Gagnep.) Christenson, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak 1987, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 255. district, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi district, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 921a / TM Thong Mout village, 20 March 2013, N. T. Hiep, L. 1228, 1235 (LE). Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 606a (LE). Epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Primary Epiphyte. Primary broad-leaved evergreen and secondary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests forests on rocky limestone, 1550–1650 m. Fl. on any kind of soil, commonly on mountain tops, September – October. Rare. Ornamental. 1200–1850 m. Fl. March – July, September – Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Thailand, October. Occasional. Vietnam. Laos: Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. NE. India, Bhutan, S. China, Taiwan, Myanmar, , Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Java, H. subulifolium (Rchb. f.) Christenson, Kalimantan, Lesser Sunda Islands, Philippines. Laos: Khammouan, Phongsali, Xiangkhouang. 1987, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 255; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 38. L. cespitosa (Lam.) Lindl., = Vanda watsonii Rolfe, 1905, Gard. Chron. 1: 1825, Bot. Reg. 11, t. 882; Newman et al., 2007, 82. Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 272; Schuit. et al., Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 295. district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, ≡ Epidendrum cespitosa Lam., 1783, Encycl. 1: L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 983 (HNL, 187. FOF, LE). = Malaxis caespitosa Thouars, 1822, Hist. Or- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved chid., t. 90. evergreen dry forests on rocky limestone, com- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- monly on mountain tops, 1200–1450 m. Fl. March – trict, Oran village, 2 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- April. Rare. Ornamental. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 921 / TM 1213 Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: (HNL, FOF, LE). Khammouan, Xiangkhouang. Miniature clustering epiphyte. Primary and se- condary broad-leaved evergreen montane forests on Hygrochilus Pfitzer any kind of soil, 800–1850 m. Fl. August – October. H. parishii Pfitzer, Not rare. 1897, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 112; New- Tropical area of the Old World extending to is- man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 272; lands of western Pacific. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Cham- Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 295. pasak, Phongsali, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. L L. mannii Rchb. f., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 992 (HNL, 1872, Flora 55: 275. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, N. T. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 37

Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1464 L. viridiflora Lindl., (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 31; Newman et al., province, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village 7 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 273; Schuit. et April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 296; Aver., 2013, et al., LA-VN 1141 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Turczaninowia 16, 4: 38. Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Xieng Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1196 (HNL, FOF, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1065 (HNL, LE). FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, N. broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN commonly on hill and mountain tops, 600–950 m. 1492 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Fl. October – April. Locally common. phan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 NE. India, Bhutan, S. China, Vietnam. Laos: April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang Houaphan. et al., LA-VN 1442 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Vieng L. pumila Aver., Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, 2003, Updated Checklist Orchids Vietnam: 42, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1151 (HNL, FOF, LE). 85, fig. 7; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 38. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1181 Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1050 (HNL, (HNL, FOF, LE). FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secon- Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. dary evergreen and semideciduous forests, secon- Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 976 dary shrubs on any kind of rocks, but more com- (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan mon on rocky limestone, 500–1650 m. Fl. October – province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April January (April). Very common. 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Tropical Asia, tropical islands of western Pacific. LA-VN 1318 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Kham- Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 mouan, Louang Namtha, Louangphrabang, Sara- April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et van, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. al., LA-VN 1396 (HNL, FOF, LE). Miniature clustering epiphyte. Primary and se- Luisia Gaudich. condary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous L L. ramosii Ames, forests on rocky limestone, 500–1450 m. Fl. Feb- 1911, Philipp. Journ. Sci., C 6: 55. ruary – April. Not rare. Fig. 8I; 10A. S. China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houa- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham phan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1036 (HNL, L L. sootenzanensis Fukuy., FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, 1933, Ann. Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 3: 84. Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1098 district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, N. T. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1499 province, Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April (HNL, FOF, LE). 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- LA-VN 1496 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, leaved evergreen forests, sometime secondary bam- Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 boo thickets on rocky limestone, commonly in shady April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang depressions on rich soil, 700–950 m. Fl. April – et al., LA-VN 1437 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern May. Rare. Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Vieng Taiwan, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, 38 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1105 (HNL, FOF, LE). L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 998 (HNL, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon FOF, LE). district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, Terrestrial tuberiferous ephemeroid herb. Open N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN places in primary and secondary broad-leaved ever- 1247 (HNL, FOF, LE). green forests and woodlands, secondary scrub, pas- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved tures, secondary grasslands along agricultural fields evergreen and semideciduous dry forests on rocky and roads, preferably on lime soil, 170–1450 m. Fl. limestone, commonly on hill and mountain tops, March – May. Not rare. 700–1450 m. Fl. March – May. Locally common. Tropical and subtropical Asia, tropical islands S. China, Vietnam, Philippines. Laos: Houaphan, of western Pacific. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Xiangkhouang. Saravan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Widespread and extremely variable species ex- L. zollingeri Rchb. f., panding easy into various secondary anthropogenic 1863, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 622; Schuit. et al., 2008, habitats. Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 297. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Oberonia Lindl. Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April O. cavaleriei Finet, 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., 1908, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 334, pl. 10, 11– LA-VN 1154 (HNL, FOF, LE). 20; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 40. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- evergreen forests on any kind of soil, preferably on trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. rocky limestone, commonly on hill and mountain Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 964 (HNL, tops, 600–900 m. Fl. March – May. Not rare. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Laos: Houaphan, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1308 Louang Namtha. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 Malleola Schltr. April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang M. dentifera J. J. Sm., et al., LA-VN 1130 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern 1927, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 3, 9: 191; Laos, Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Xieng Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 298. Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1159 (HNL, FOF, xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. LE). T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Lithophyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved 1174a / TM 1275 (LE). and mixed evergreen forests on rocky limestone, Miniature epiphyte. Primary and secondary commonly on shady vertical cliffs near hill and broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, mountain tops, 500–1450 m. Fl. January – May. Not commonly on hill and mountain tops, 300–700 m. common. Fl. June – August. NE. India, Nepal, Myanmar, S. China, Thai- Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, land, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane, Xiang- Borneo. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane. khouang.

Nervilia Gaudich. O. ensiformis Lindl., N. aragoana Gaudich. 1859, Fol. Orch. Oberonia: 4; Newman et al., 1829, Voy. Uranie 422; Newman et al., 2007, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 275; Schuit. et Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 374; Schuit. et al., al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 300. 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 299. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- = N. fordii (Hance) Schltr., 1911, Bot. Jahrb. trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- Syst. 45: 403. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 969 (HNL, FOF, = N. mekongensis S. W. Gale, Schuit. et Suddee, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 2016, Phytotaxa 247, 4: 268. district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1400 (HNL, district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 39

Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1246 / TM 1284, LA-VN 1274 (HNL, FOF, LE). 1102 (HNL, FOF, LE). Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Lithophyte and rarely epiphyte. Primary and se- evergreen dry forests on rocky shale and limestone, condary broad-leaved and mixed evergreen forests 1100–1200 m. Fl. August – October. Rare. on rocky limestone, commonly on shady vertical NE. India, Myanmar, N. Thailand. Laos: Houa- cliffs near hill and mountain tops, 800–1450 m. Fl. phan. September – April. Locally common. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, Thai- O. mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod et Seidenf., land, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, Vien- 1997, Contrib. Orch. Fl. Thailand 13: 20; New- tiane, Xiangkhouang. man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 275; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 300. O. gammiei King et Pantl., = Oberonia iridifolia Lindl., 1830, Gen. Sp. 1897, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal 66, 2: 578; Schuit. Orch. Pl.: 15. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 300. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi town district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, N. T. area, 25 November 2014, E. Konstantinov, K-291 Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1468 (LE). Central Laos, Vientiane province, Vang Vieng (HNL, FOF, LE). district, Nathong village, 14 March 2013, N. T. Hiep, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 424 (HNL, evergreen and deciduous open forests on any kind FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, of soil, often on rocky limestone, 170–1050 m. Fl. Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. September – October. Not common. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1423 India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, (HNL, FOF, LE). S. China, Thailand, Malacca Peninsula, Philippines, Miniature epiphyte. Primary and secondary Indonesia, islands of western Pacific. Laos: broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous forests on Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, 300– Phongsali, Vientiane. 1200 m. Fl. September – November. Not common. NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Hainan, O. simplex Aver., sp. nov. Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Khammouan, Described from southern Cambodia (“Kampot Louangphrabang, Vientiane. province, Phnom Bokor national park, 10°37.923N, 104°01.143E, epiphyte in cloud short forest along L O. kwangsiensis Seidenf., small stream at elevation about 1000 m a.s.l.”). Type 1968, Dansk Bot. Ark., 25, 3: 31, fig. 14. (“16 December 2014, E. Konstantinov K-369) – Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak LE (holotype). district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Fig. 9; 10D, E. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 990 (HNL, Species epithet refers simple, unlobed, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, rectangular-ligulate flower lip. Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Perennial sympodial epiphytic miniature herb LA-VN 1252a (LE). 1–2(2.5) cm tall. Stem abbreviate, very short, 1.5– Lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and secondary 2(3) mm long, completely covered by (3)4–6(7) broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, imbricate leaves, with many thin, flexuose, dull commonly in shady mossy places near hill and yellowish gray roots at the base. Leaves distichous, mountain tops, 1200–1450 m. Fl. October – Novem- fleshy, with more or less distinct articulation at the ber. Rare. base, lanceolate, slightly oblique, triangular obtuse S. China, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, at apex, (0.6)1–1.8(2.2) cm long, (1.2)1.5–2.2(2.6) Xiangkhouang. mm wide. Inflorescence subterminal, arching to almost straight raceme, (1.5)2–4(4.5) cm long, 2–3 L O. maxima Hook. f., mm in diam.; scape stout, erect, straight or slightly 1888, Fl. Brit. India 5: 677. arching, (0.4)0.6–1.5(2) cm long, covered by many Fig. 10B, C. spirally arranged, overlapping, narrowly lanceolate Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon to almost filiform aristate sterile bracts 1.5–2 mm district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, long; rachis arching to almost straight, more or less 40 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos rigid, finely longitudinally ribbed, (0.8)1–2(2.5) cm Sepals broadly ovate, 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.4–0.5 long, 0.4–0.5 mm in diam. Floral bracts in basal mm wide, concave, obtuse, slightly cucullate, part of raceme narrowly triangular, (0.8)1–1.2(1.4) with entire, often revolute margin. Petals narrowly mm, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, to the apex broadly ovate lanceolate to almost linear, acute, straight and entire triangular, concave, (0.5)0.6–0.8(1) mm long by along the margin. Lip rather fleshy, simple, unlobed, 0.5–0.7 mm, shortly acuminate, incise irregularly oblong rectangular, slightly broadening to the base, denticulate along the margin, during anthesis more truncate at apex, 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm or less recurved. Pedicel and ovary 0.4–0.5 mm long; wide, straight along margin, at the base with shallow pedicel shortly cylindric 0.2–0.25 mm long, about hemi orbicular fovea. 0.1 mm in diam.; ovary narrowly obovoid, 0.2–0.25 Miniature canopy and branch epiphyte. mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm broad; developing ovary and Submontane broad-leaved primary and old ripening fruit obovoid, (0.5)1–1.2 mm long, 0.6–0.8 secondary humid cloud forest on granite, usually mm in diam., longitudinally ribbed. Flowers (0.9)1– along small streams, 1000 m. Fl. February – 1.2(1.3) mm across, white to slightly yellowish. December. Very rare.

Fig. 9. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Oberonia simplex Aver. A – flowering and fruiting plant; B – inflorescence; C – floral bract; D – flower and lip at fruiting stage, half side and frontal view; E – flower at fruiting stage, side view; F – flower, frontal view; G – lip, frontal view. All drawn from the type specimen (E. Kon- stantinov K-369) by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 41

Cambodia: Kampot. Endemic. limestone, 400–1500 m. Fl. March – May, August, Species differs from all its known congeners October. Not rare. by ligulate unlobed lip, which represents unique NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, character in the genus. Cambodia, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Bolikhamxai, Khammouan, Vientiane. Odontochilus Blume O. tortus King et Pantl., Paphiopedilum Pfitzer 1896, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. P. concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer, 65: 125. 1888, Nat. Pflanzenfam.2, 6: 84; Newman et al., ≡ Anoectochilus tortus (King et Pantl.) King et 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 276; Schuit. et Pantl., 1898, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 8: 298; al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 302; Aver., 2013, Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 264. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. = Odontochilus repens Downie, 1925, Bull. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Misc. Inform. Kew 1925: 413. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. ≡ Pristiglottis torta (King et Pantl.) Aver., 1996, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1048 (HNL, Bot. Journ. (Moscow & St. Petersburg) 81, 10: 78. FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi town Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. area, Nam Pong Noi River along new road to Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 967 Louangphrabang town, 13 km from Kasi town, 1 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan December 2014, E. Konstantinov, K-308 (LE). province, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April Terrestrial creeping herb. Primary and secondary 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., evergreen broad-leaved shady forests, commonly on LA-VN 1310 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, humid river valley slopes, 800–1300. Fl. November – Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 December. Rare. April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang N. India, Bhutan, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam. et al., LA-VN 1401 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos: Champasak, Vientiane. Laos, Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Aver- Panisea (Lindl.) Lindl. yanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1277 (HNL, FOF, P. tricallosa Rolfe, LE). 1901, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 148; New- Lithophyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 276; evergreen and semideciduous forests on rocky Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 301. limestone, commonly near hill and mountain tops, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- (200)500–1450 m. Fl. March – May, occasionally trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. flowers throughout the year. Locally common. Or- Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 956 (HNL, namental. FOF, LE). Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Cam- Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary bodia. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, broad-leaved evergreen forests, usually on rocky Khammouan, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. limestone, 1200–1500 m. Fl. March – May. Not common. P. dianthum Tang et F. T. Wang, NE. India, Nepal, Thailand, S. China, Vietnam. 1940, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 24; Schuit. Laos: Xaisomboun. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 302; Aver., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. P. uniflora (Lindl.) Lindl., Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 1854, Fol. Orchid. 5: 2; Newman et al., 2007, district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 276; Schuit. et al., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1443 (HNL, 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 301; Aver., 2013, Tur- FOF, LE). czaninowia 16, 4: 40. Lithophyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Laos, Khammouan province, Laksao town area, evergreen forests on rocky limestone, commonly 31 November 2013, E. Konstantinov, K-219 (LE). near hill and mountain tops, 1000–1750 m. Fl. Sep- Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secon- tember – November. Not common. Ornamental. dary broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous forests, S. China, Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houa- usually in gallery forests and in forests on rocky phan, Vientiane. 42 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Pelatantheria Ridl. one hardly desires species status and may be recog- P. ctenoglossum Ridl., nized only as an “eastern” variety of even form of 1896, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 372; New- widespread and variable P. insectifera. man et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 277; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 303; Aver., Phaius Lour. 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. P. flavus Lindl., Central Laos, Khammouan province, Laksao 1831, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 128; Newman et al., town area, 31 October 2013, E. Konstantinov, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 277; Schuit. et K-221 (LE). Central Laos, Khammouan province, al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 304; Aver., 2013, Thakhek town area, Pha In Cave, 3 November 2013, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. E. Konstantinov, K-235, K-240 (LE). Northeastern Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Khon Ngua district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, village, 15 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1350 (HNL, S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1472 (HNL, FOF, LE). FOF, LE). Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary Terrestrial and occasionally lithophytic herb. Pri- broad-leaved evergreen open dry forests on rocky mary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen forests limestone, commonly on hill and mountain tops, on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, 200–950 m. Fl. May – August. Not rare. usually in shady humid depressions on rich soil, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia. Laos: Champa- 600–1200 m. Fl. March – June. Not common. sak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Phongsali, Savanna- Tropical Asia and tropical islands of western Pa- khet, Vientiane. cific. Laos: Houaphan, Louangphrabang, Vientiane.

L P. insectifera Ridl., Phalaenopsis Blume 1896, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 373. L P. braceana (Hook. f.) Christenson, = Sarcanthus rivesii Guillaumin, 1930, Bull. 1986, Selbyana 9: 169 1986. Soc. Bot. France 77: 330. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham = S. tonkinensis Guillaumin, 1930, Bull. Soc. district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Bot. France 77: 311 1930. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1054 (HNL, = S. simondianus Gagnep., 1951, Bull. Mus. FOF, LE). Natl. Hist. Nat. 2, 22: 630. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad- = Pelatantheria rivesii (Guillaumin) Tang et F. T. leaved evergreen open forests on rocky limestone, Wang, 1951, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 101; Newman et commonly on hill and mountain tops, 1200–1400 m. al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 277; Schuit. Fl. April – June. Rare. Ornamental. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 303. Bhutan, SW. China (Yunnan), N. Vietnam. Laos: Fig. 10, F. Xiangkhouang. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- xay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Pholidota Lindl. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1142 P. articulata Lindl., (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 38; Newman et al., province, Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 277; Schuit. et April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 305; Aver., 2013, al., LA-VN 1165 (HNL, FOF, LE). Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secon- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dary broad-leaved evergreen and semideciduous dry district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, open forests on rocky limestone, commonly on hill L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 984 (HNL, and mountain tops, often on mossy exposed rocks, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, 600–1100 m. Fl. October – November. Locally Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. abundant. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1298 NE. India, Bangladesh, Andaman Islands, Myan- (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan mar, Thailand, S. China, Vietnam. Laos: Champa- province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April sak, Houaphan, Louang Namtha, Phongsali. 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., The differences between P. insectifera and P. LA-VN 1434 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, rivesii remains very unclear. It is obvious that last Houaphan province, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 43

Fig. 10. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A – Luisia ramosii Ames (LA-VN 1098). B, C – Oberonia maxima Hook. f. (LA-VN 1246 / TM 1284). F – Pelatantheria insectifera Ridl. (LA-VN 1142). G, H – P. recurva Lindl. (T. Maisak et al., 907). I – Schoenorchis scolopendria Aver. (LA-VN 1174). Photos by L. Averyanov (A, C, F–I), T. Maisak (B) and E. Konstantinov (D, E). 44 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos village, 7 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1143 (HNL, FOF, LE). district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1066 (HNL, district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. 1248 (HNL, FOF, LE). Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 959 Creeping epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. (HNL, FOF, LE). Primary and secondary broad-leaved, mixed and Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and coniferous evergreen and deciduous forests and secondary broad-leaved and mixed evergreen and woodlands on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky semideciduous forests on rocky limestone, mostly limestone, mostly on hill and mountain tops, (450) on hill and mountain tops, 1200–1750 m. Fl. June – 500–1750 m. Fl. June – August. Not rare. August. Rare. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, SW. China India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, (Yunnan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Xiangkhouang, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Vientiane. Sulawesi, Philippines. Laos: Attapu, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang C P. recurva Lindl., Namtha, Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Saravan, 1830, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 37. Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Fig. 10G, H. Southern Cambodia, about 16 kilometers to the P. imbricata Lindl., N of Sihanoukville town, Khan Prey Nup district, 1825, Exot. Fl. 2, t. 138; Newman et al., 2007, Kbal Chhay Waterfall, 5 December 2012, T. Maisak, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 278; Schuit. et al., L. Osinovetz, M. Telepova, 907 (LE). 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 306; Aver., 2013, Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary ever- Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. green, broad-leaved dry lowland forests on low Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem hills. Fl. March – April. Not common. district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, NE. India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1302 (HNL, Vietnam, Laos. Cambodia: Sihanoukville. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. L P. yunnanensis Rolfe, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1394 1903, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 24. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- province, Viengxay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 xay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. T. April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1140 et al., LA-VN 1136 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northwestern (HNL, FOF, LE). Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Ban Thathom town Creeping lithophyte and epiphyte. Primary and area, 26 October 2013, E. Konstantinov, К-169 (LE). secondary broad-leaved evergreen open forests on Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secondary rocky limestone, commonly on hill and mountain broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous evergreen and tops, 800–950 m. Fl. September – October. Not deciduous forests and woodlands on any kind of common. soil, preferably on rocky limestone, mostly on hill S. China, N Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. and mountain tops, 200–1200 m. Fl. June – August. Not rare. Podochilus Blume Tropical Asia, Australia, tropical Pacific islands. P. oxystophylloides Ormerod, Laos: Attapu, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, 2003, Taiwania 48: 143; Aver., 2013, Turcza- Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang Namtha, ninowia 16, 4: 42. Phongsali, Vientiane, Xaisomboun, Xiangkhouang. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. P. pallida Lindl., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 963 (HNL, 1835, Bot. Reg. 21, t. 1777; Newman et al., FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 278; Schuit. et Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 306; Aver., 2013, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1397 Turczaninowia 16, 4: 41. (HNL, FOF, LE). Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 45

Lithophyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Porpax Lindl. and mixed evergreen forests on rocky limestone, P. capuccinorum Aver., sp. nov. commonly on shady vertical cliffs near hill and Described from southwestern Laos (“Khammouan mountain tops, 1200–1750 m. Fl. August – Septem- prov., Thakhek district, Thakhek town area, near ber. Rare. Pha Cave, branch epiphyte in canopy of lone tree S. China, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Vientiane, 8–10 м tall, remnants of lowland broad-leaved Xiangkhouang. woodlands at elev. about 156 m a.s.l. around point 17°29.540N, 105°09.917E”). Type (“3 November Polystachya Hook. 2013, E. Konstantinov K-239.”) – LE (holotype). P. concreta (Jacq.) Garay et H. R. Sweet, Epitype – d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE 1974, Orquideologia 9: 206; Newman et al., FLORA 0248/K 239. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 278; Schuit. et Fig. 11; 12 (d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 306. FLORA 0248/K 239). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham Species epithet refers resemblance of the flowers district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. with traditional capuchin monk wear. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1071 (HNL, Perennial short creping or clustering sympodial FOF, LE). Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, miniature epiphytic herb. Rhizome short, tiny, Peak district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. negligible. Stems pseudobulbous, densely touching Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 999 each other, 2-leaved; young stems, grassy-green, (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan enveloped by whitish or greenish, scarious, hyaline province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 leaf sheaths; mature pseudobulbs fleshy, dull April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et olive-green, flattened, oblate to discoid-lenticular, al., LA-VN 1284 (HNL, FOF, LE). (5)7–1(1.2) cm across, (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm tall, early Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved deciduous, covered by light brownish scarious and coniferous evergreen and deciduous forests, sheath in form of membrane with prominent nerves woodlands and thickets, on any kind of soil, prefe- disintegrating later into persistent fibrous remnants. rably on rocky limestone, 400–1450 m. Fl. June – Leaves 2, appearing in individual stem before September. Occasional. flowering, subsessile, sheathed; sheath tubular, Tropical areas all over the World. Laos: Cham- later much broadening, enveloping pseudobulb; pasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang Namtha, leaf blade conduplicate, with distinct median vein, Louangphrabang, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. horizontally recurved, bright green, rather thin, herbaceous, narrowly obovate, (1)1.5–2(2.2) cm Pomatocalpa Breda long, (4.5)5–7(7.5) mm wide, obtuse, narrowing into P. spicatum Breda, short petiole-like base 1.5–2 mm long. Inflorescence 1829, Gen. Sp. Orch. Asclep. 3, t. 15; Newman et one per stem, hysteranthous, arising from the apex al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 279; Schuit. of mature leafless pseudobulb, 1-flowered; scape, et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 307. pedicel and ovary, light dull green, (3.5)4–5(5.5) mm Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak dis- long, 0.8–1(1.2) mm in diam., bent at apex; peduncle trict, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. with 3–4 sterile and 1 floral bracts. Scape and floral Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 965 (HNL, bracts, large, scarious, hyaline, light brownish or FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, yellowish, broadly triangular, tubular at the base, Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. shortly acuminate at apex, (2)3–5(5.5) mm long, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1292 being flattened (2)2.5–6(6.5) mm wide. Pedicel and (HNL, FOF, LE). ovary shortly cylindrical, (0.8)1–1.2(1.4) mm long. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Flowers horizontally spreading, not widely opening, and mixed evergreen forests on any kind of soil, of- entirely bright red to red-brown, glabrous, (4)5–7(8) ten along streams and on rocky limestone, 200–1450 mm across. Sepals forward directed; median sepal m. Fl. February – April. Occasional. narrowly ovate to ovate, (5)5.5–6(6.5) mm long, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, (2.8)3–3.2(3.5) mm wide, apically recurved, shortly Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, attenuate, joined in lower half with lateral sepals; Philippines. Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, lateral sepals oblique falcate, strongly bent down, Houaphan, Louangphrabang, Phongsali, Vientiane, concave, (7)7.5–8(8.5) mm long, (2.4)2.6–2.8(3) Xaisomboun, Xiangkhouang. mm wide, round and apiculate at apex, joined each 46 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 11. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos.Porpax capuccinorum Aver. A – Flowering plant. B – Flower and flowering pseudobulb, frontal view. C – Flower and flowering pseudobulb, side view. D – Floral bract. E – Flower with lateral sepal and petal removed, side view. F – Flattened sepals and column, frontal view. G – Flattened petal. H – Flattened lip, view from above and from below. I – Column, frontal view. All drawn from the type – K-239 by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 47

Fig. 12. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Porpax capuccinorum Aver. Digital epitype – d- EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0248/K 248. Photos of E. Konstantinov and L. Averyanov, design and image correction by L. Averyanov. 48 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos other almost along all their length, forming at the shady places on mossy boulders, 350–1500 m. Fl. base short, broad mentum (1.8)2–2.2(2.4) mm long October – December. Locally common. and broad. Petals free, broadly obovate to almost India, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam, Malacca Penin- round, finely irregularly crenulate along the margin, sula. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Khammouan, (3.8)4–4.2(4.4) mm across, somewhat incurved Vientiane. closing entrance to the flower. Lip simple, somewhat movable, entire, narrowly ovate, (2.8)3–3.2(3.4) P. laosensis Aver., sp. nov. mm long, (1.3)1.5–1.6(1.7) mm wide, glabrous, Described from central Laos (“Vientiane slightly recurved, narrowing to blunt apex, with province, Phou Khao Khouay National Protected no ornamentation, straight or slightly undulate Area to about 40 km NE of Vientiane, dry evergreen along the margin, at the base with flat fleshy callus primary and secondary forest along rocky stream on notched adaxially. Column red to orange-red, broad, sandstone at elevation about 350 m a.s.l. …”). Type erect, stout, shortly cylindric, (2.6)2.8–3(3.2) mm (“9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL tall, (1.4)1.6–1.8(2) mm wide, on sides with small, 159”) – LE (holotype). Epitype – d-EXSICCATES insignificant, erect, acute stelidia; stigma concave; OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0247/AL 159. rostellum in form of small, thin, truncate plate; Fig. 13, 14 (d-EXSICCATES OF VIETNAMESE column foot short, thick, concave, 1 mm long, as FLORA 0247/AL 159). wide as column base, slightly forward curved Species epithet refers country of its origin. forming at apex short narrow stalk joined with lip Perennial short creping or clustering sympodial base. Anther cap bright red, hemispheric, smooth, miniature epiphytic or lithophytic herb. Rhizome 0.8–1 mm tall and wide, truncate at front. Pollinia short, tiny, negligible. Stems pseudobulbous, densely 8, yellow, in two groups, clavate, 0.2–0.3 mm long. touching each other, 2-leaved; young shoot, arising Miniature branch and trunk epiphyte. Primary from the base of mature pseudobulb, during anthesis and secondary dry semideciduous broad-leaved grassy-green, (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm long, 1.5–2 mm in lowland forests on alluvial soils derived from diam., enveloped by 3–4 white, scarious, hyaline, limestone, 150–200 m. Fl. August – September. triangular-tubular bracts (3)3.5–5(5.5) mm long and Rare. wide (being flattened), bearing 2 juvenile sessile, Laos: Khammouan. Endemic. cordate leaves (1.5)1.8–2.2(2.4) mm long and wide, Newly discovered plant belongs to group of spe- and apical inflorescence; mature pseudobulbs fleshy, cies with hysteranthous inflorescence appearing dull green, flattened, oblate to discoid-lenticular, from the apex of mature pseudobulb. From all re- broadly obovate of flabelliform in outline, (0.7)9– presentatives of this group new species strikingly 1.4(1.6) cm across, (2.2)2.5–3.5(4) mm thick, early differs in disproportionally long and broad lateral deciduous, covered by brownish scarious sheath sepals (twice longer than median sepal) strongly in form of reticulate, cage-like membrane with bent down, almost round petals connivent with their prominent nerves disintegrating later into reticular apices at front of column and simple lip slightly fibrous remnants, oldest pseudobulbs almost naked. undulate along the margin and notched at the base. Leaves 2, sessile, developing in individual shoot Small population of this curious plant was found in after flowering, caducous to the end of pseudobulb canopy of lone remnant expiring tree remaining in formation. Inflorescence proteranthous, one almost completely deforested area, hence species per stem, arising from the apex of young shoot, should be regarded as crotically endangered. 1-flowered; scape, pedicel and ovary, white to greenish, (2)2.5–3(3.5) mm long, 0.8–1 mm in P. elwesii (Rchb. f.) Rolfe, diam., straight or slightly ascending. Floral bract, 1908, Orchid Rev. 16: 8; Newman et al., 2007, large, scarious, hyaline, white, broadly obovate to Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 279; Schuit. et al., almost subquadrate, (3.6)3.8–4.2(4.4) mm long, 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 307; Aver., 2013, Tur- (4)4.2–4.5(4.7) mm wide, tubular, finely incise or czaninowia 16, 4: 42. denticulate along truncated apex, with more or less Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao prominent central acute dent. Pedicel and ovary Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km NE shortly cylindrical, (1.4)1.6–1.8(2) mm long, 1.2– of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. 1.5 mm in diam., glabrous or with few scarce scurfy Maisak, AL 153 (LE). hairs. Flowers horizontally spreading, entirely Miniature lithophyte and occasionally epiphyte. red-brown, glabrous, not widely opening, tubular, Primary and secondary evergreen broad-leaved fo- (1.8)2–2.2(2.4) mm across, (5)5.5–7(7.5) mm rests along rocky streams and rivers, commonly in long. Sepals (5)5.5–6(6.5) long, forward directed, Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 49

Fig. 13. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Porpax laosensis Aver. A – Flowering and fruiting plant. B – Flower, view from above. C – Flower, view from below. D – Peduncle and flower with intact scape and floral bracts, views from below, from above and side view. E – Peduncle and flower with intact juvenile leaves and floral bract (scape bracts removed), view from below. F – Peduncle and flower with intact floral bract (scape bracts and juvenile leaves removed). G – Peduncle, pedicel, ovary and flower (scape bracts, juvenile leaves and floral bract removed), views from above, from below and side view. H – Flattened floral bract. I – Flattened flower, side view with section between median and lateral sepals. J – Flattened flower, with lateral sepals and lip removed, frontal view. K – Flattened median sepal. L – Lateral sepals. M – Flattened petal. N – Flattened lip, views from above and from below. O – Fruit, view from above and half side view. All drawn from the type – AL 159 by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. 50 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 14. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos.Porpax laosensis Aver. Digital epitype – d-EXSIC- CATES OF VIETNAMESE FLORA 0247/AL 159. Photos, design and image correction by L. Averyanov. Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 51 concave, united, forming tube; median sepal joined Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville with lateral sepals on 2/3 from the base, free part town, Kaoh Rong Samloem Khong Island in Siam broadening, broadly ovate, (2)2.2–2.8(3) mm long Gulf, 21 November 2011, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, and wide, obtuse, straight or finely undulate along M. Telepova, 721 (LE). the margin; lateral sepals cymbiform, straight, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen joined each other almost along all their length, with broad-leaved lowland forests on low hills, common- free lobes (0.8)1–1.5(1.6) mm long, (1.4)1.6–1.8(2) ly in humid shady places along streams. Fl. January – mm wide, finely undulate and cucullate at apex. February, May – June. Not common. Petals free, broadly lanceolate, oblique falcate, as NE. India, Burma, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam, long as sepals or little longer, 0.8–1.2 mm wide, Laos, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, acute, in apical half finely papillose and involute Moluccas, Philippines. Cambodia: Kampong Speu, along the margin. Lip simple, somewhat movable, Sihanoukville. entire, rectangular with fleshy triangular apex, (3.2)2.5–3(3.2) mm long, (1.3)1.4–1.5(1.6) mm Schoenorchis Blume wide, glabrous, slightly recurved, at the base with L S. scolopendria Aver., flat insufficient callus obscurely notched adaxially, 2012, Taiwania 57, 2: 134. entire or finely crenulate along the margin, placed Fig. 10I. on short, narrow claw 0.5–0.6 mm long. Column Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- red-brown, broad, erect, stout, shortly cylindric, xay district, Xieng Luong village, 8 April 2015, N. (1.4)1.6–1.8(2) mm tall, (0.7)0.8–1(1.2) mm wide; T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN at the apex from both sides with small triangular 1174 (HNL, FOF, LE). stelidia; stigma concave; rostellum in form of small, Creeping miniature epiphyte. Primary and secon- thin, truncate plate; column foot insufficient, in dary broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky form of forward curved stalk joined to the lip base. limestone, commonly on shady cliffs near hill and Anther cap red-brown, broadly conoid, globular mountain tops, 600–700 m. Fl. May – June. Very at the apex, smooth, 0.5–0.6 mm tall and wide, at rare. Ornamental. front broadly truncate. Pollinia 8, yellowish, in two NW. Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan. groups, oblate, about 0.25 mm across. Fruit dark dirty brown to almost black, oblique, half-globular L S. tixieri (Guillaumin) Seidenf., capsule (4.5)5–5.5(6) mm long and wide, ribbed 1975, Contrib. Revis. Orchid Fl. Cambodia. Laos on sides, opening by two splits on ventral flattened Vietnam 102. surface, placed on bent pedicel 1.5–2.5 mm long Fig. 16A, B. enveloped by scarious remnant of floral bract. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak Miniature trunk epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. and secondary dry evergreen broad-leaved lowland Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 993 / TM 1249 forests on sandstone, commonly along streams and (HNL, FOF, LE). small rivers, 350–400 m. Fl. March – April. Locally Miniature epiphyte. Primary and secondary common. broad-leaved evergreen dry forests on rocky Laos: Vientiane. Endemic. limestone, commonly on shady cliffs near hill and New plant belongs to group of species with pro- mountain tops, 1200–1450 m. Fl. May – June. Very teranthous inflorescence appearing from the base of rare. Ornamental. mature pseudobulb. From all species of this group SW. China (Yunnan), NW. Vietnam. Laos: new plant well differs in glabrous narrow flowers, Xiangkhouang. free narrowly lanceolate finely papillulate petals in- volute along the margin and in short simple rectan- Smitinandia Holttum gular lip with acute-triangular apex. New species in S. micrantha (Lindl.) Holttum, its locus classicus was observed as common plant 1969, Gard. Bull. Singapore 25: 106; Newman et with large visually stable population. al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 280; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 309; Aver., 2013, Robiquetia Gaudich. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 42. R. spathulata (Blume) J.J. Sm., Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Ban Tha- 1912, Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.–Indie 72: 114; thom town area, 26 October 2013, E. Konstantinov, Seidenf., 1992, Opera Bot.: 422. К-175 (LE). 52 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved a.s.l.”). Type (“viscidium narrowly ovate, twice evergreen forests on rocky limestone, commonly on shorter. hill and mountain tops, 200–600 m. Fl. January – Miniature canopy and branch epiphyte. Primary June, October. Occasional. and old secondary lowland broad-leaved evergreen India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, dry forests on rocky limestone, usually on old mossy Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Kalimantan. Laos: trees in shady, humid places near mountain tops, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Khammouan, Louang- 600–700 m. Fl. August – September. Rare. phrabang, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. Laos: Houphan. Endemic. Species may be close to T. gracillimum Spathoglottis Blume Schltr. distributed in Thailand, Kalimantan and S. affinis de Vriese, Malacca Peninsula and T. intermedium described 1855, Ill. Orchid. Ind. Orient. 3, t. 15; Newman et from Malacca Peninsula, but distinctly differs al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 281; Schuit. in numerous fasciculate, rather leathery roots, et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 309; Aver., 2013, numerous persistent scapes, few-flowered racemes Turczaninowia 16, 4: 42. with only 1–3(4) white flowers and very large Fig. 16C, D. apical appendage of the lip apex. New species in Central Laos, Vientiane province, Phou Khao its habit and appearance somewhat resembles also Khouay National Protected Area to about 40 km NE T. fasciculatum Aver., known from southern of Vientiane, 9 December 2015, L. Averyanov, T. Vietnam, but differs in fleshy roots and lip forming Maisak, AL 154b (LE – photo). prominent apical seta. Terrestrial and lithophytic tuberiferous ephe- meroid herb. Open grassy places in any kind of Tainia Blume L habitat, particularly along streams and rivers, coni- T. cordifolia Hook.f., ferous woodlands, open secondary scrub along ag- 1889, Icon. Pl. 19, t. 1861. ricultural fields, pastures and roadsides, 100–1000 ≡ Mischobulbum cordifolium (Hook. f.) Schltr., m. Fl. August – December. Common. Ornamental. 1911, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 98. Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Ma- Fig. 16G–I. lacca Peninsula, Java. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champa- Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, sak, Vientiane. L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1377 (HNL, FOF, LE). Sunipia Lindl. Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- S. scariosa Lindl., leaved evergreen forest, sometime bamboo thickets 1833, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 179; Newman et al., on rocky limestone, usually in shady depressions, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 281; Schuit. et 700–900 m. Fl. April – May. Rare. Ornamental. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 310; Aver., 2013, SE. China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 42. Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Kalimantan. Laos: Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon Houaphan. district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Thelasis Blume 1232 (HNL, FOF, LE). C T. pygmaea (Griff.) Lindl., Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary 1858, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3: 63; Schuit. broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 311; Aver., 2013, commonly on hill and mountain tops, 1100–1750 m. Turczaninowia 16, 4: 43. Fl. April – May. Occasional. Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville NE. India, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China (Yun- town, Kaoh Rong Island in Siam Gulf, 19 Novem- nan), Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Louang- ber 2011, T. Maisak, M. Telepova, L. Osinovetz, 912 phrabang, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. (LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Taeniophyllum Blume Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1444 (HNL, T. filiferum Aver., sp. nov. FOF, LE). Described from NE. Laos (“Houphan province, Miniature epiphyte and occasionally lithophyte. Viengxay district, Xieng Luong village, around Primary and secondary broad-leaved evergreen fo- point 20°22’06.1’’N 104°17’18.6’’E, 600–700 m rests on any kind of soil, often on rocky limestone Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 53 near mountain tops, 50–1200 m. Fl. April – August. 1868, Xenia Orchid. 2: 122. Not rare. Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Vieng- India, Nepal, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, xay district, Vieng Xai village, 7 April 2015, N. Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, 1148a (HNL, FOF, LE). Philippines, New Guinea, tropical Pacific islands. Epiphyte and lithophyte. Primary and secon- Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, Khammouan, dary broad-leaved evergreen open forests on rocky Vientiane. Cambodia: Sihanoukville. limestone, commonly on hill and mountain tops, 800–950 m. Fl. April – July. Rare. Thrixspermum Lour. Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, L T. calceolum (Lindl.) Rchb. f., Borneo. Laos: Houaphan.

Fig. 15. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Taeniophyllum filiferum Aver. A – Flowering plant. B – Inflorescences; C – Flower with lateral sepal and petal removed, side view. D – Flattened sepals and petals, aba- xial and adaxial surface. E – lip, view from above and from below. F – Lip, sagittal section. G – Column, side view. H – Operculum. I – Pollinarium, frontal and side views. All drawn from the type specimen – LA-VN 1174b / TM 1273 by L. Averyanov. 54 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Fig. 16. New and rare orchids in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. A, B – Schoenorchis tixieri (Guillaumin) Seidenf. (LA-VN 993 / TM 1249). C, D – Spathoglottis affinis de Vriese (AL 154b). E, F – Taeniophyllum filiferum Aver. (LA-VN 1174b / TM 1273). G–I – Tainia cordifolia Hook.f. (LA-VN 1377). Photos by K. S. Nguyen (A) and L. Averyanov (B–I). Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 55

T. centipeda Lour., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1410 (HNL, 1790, Fl. Cochinch. 520; Newman et al., 2007, FOF, LE). Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 282; Schuit. et al., Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 311; Aver., 2013, Tur- evergreen forests preferably on rocky limestone, czaninowia 16, 4: 43. 700–1250 m. Fl. April – June. Rare. = T. arachnites (Blume) Rchb. f., 1868, Xenia Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Louang Orchid. 2: 121. Namtha. Central Laos, Vientiane province, Kasi town T. orchidea (J. Koenig) Garay, area, 25 October 2014, E. Konstantinov, K-292 1972, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 209; Newman et al., (LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 282; Schuit. et district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, N. T. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 313; Aver., 2013, Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1501 Turczaninowia 16, 4: 43. (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan ≡ Epidendrum orchideum J. Koenig, 1791, Ob- province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 serv. Bot. 6: 48. April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et = Trichoglottis cirrhifera Teijsm. et Binn., 1853, al., LA-VN 1267 (HNL, FOF, LE). Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.–Indië 5: 493. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem and mixed evergreen and semideciduous forests district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1375 (HNL, particularly along streams and on hill and mountain FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, tops, 400–1200 m. Fl. May – June, September – Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. December. Not rare. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1409 NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, (HNL, FOF, LE). Vietnam, Cambodia, Malacca Peninsula, Sumatra, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Java, Kalimantan, Philippines. Laos: Bolikhamxai, evergreen forests preferably on rocky limestone, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louang 200–1200 m. Fl. January – May. Occasional. Namtha, Savannakhet, Vientiane. Thailand, Nicobar Islands, Malacca Peninsula, Java. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Trias Lindl. Louangphrabang, Vientiane. T. disciflora (Rolfe) Rolfe, 1896, Hand-List Orch. Cult. Roy. Gard. Kew: 35; Trichotosia Blume Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: T. dasyphylla (Par. et Rchb.f.) Kraenzl., 282; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 312. 1911, Pflanzenr. IV, 50, 50: 138; Newman et al., Laos, Champasak province, Bolaven Plateau, 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 282; Schuit. et Tad Gneuang Waterfall, 9 December 2014, E. al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 313; Aver., 2013, Konstantinov, K-358 (LE). Turczaninowia 16, 4: 43. Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon and mixed evergreen and semideciduous forests, district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, coniferous woodlands on any kind of soil, 500–1200 N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN m. Fl. July – December. Not common. 1236 (HNL, FOF, LE). NE. India, Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Champasak, Creeping epiphyte. Primary and secondary Khammouan, Vientiane. broad-leaved and coniferous evergreen forests on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, Trichoglottis Blume 800–1350 m. Fl. April – July. Not rare. T. lorata (Downie) Schuit., NE. India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, SW. China 2007, Orchideen Journ. 14: 62; Schuit. et al., (Yunnan), Vietnam. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 312. Khammouan, Louang Namtha, Saravan, Vientiane, ≡ Staurochilus loratus (Rolfe ex Downie) Se- Xaignabouri, Xiangkhouang. idenf., 1988, Opera Bot. 95: 95; Aver., 2015, Wul- fenia 22: 182. T. pulvinata (Lindl.) Kraenzl., Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 1911, Pflanzenr. IV, 50, 50: 138; Seidenf., 1992, district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Opera Bot. 114: 164. 56 Averyanov L. V. et al. New orchids of Cambodia and Laos

Southern Cambodia, to the N of Sihanoukville India, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Thailand, town, Kaoh Rong Samloem Khong Island in Siam Vietnam, Cambodia, Malacca Peninsula, Gulf, 21 November 2011, T. Maisak, L. Osinovetz, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands, Australia, M. Telepova s.n. (LE). New Guinea. Laos: Bolikhamxai, Houaphan, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary evergreen Khammouan, Louangphrabang, Xaignabouri, broad-leaved lowland forests on low hills, common- Xiangkhouang. ly in shady humid places along streams. Fl. August – September. Occasional. Vanda R. Br. NE. India, Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Laos, V. brunnea Rchb. f., Vietnam. Cambodia: Kampong Speu, Sihanoukvil- 1868, Xenia Orchid. 2: 138; Newman et al., le, “Kuang Krepeuh”. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 283; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 313; Aver., 2012, Tropidia Lindl. Taiwania 57, 2: 137; id., 2013, Turczaninowia 16, T. angulosa Blume, 4: 45. 1859, Coll. Orchid.: 122; Schuit. et al., 2008, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Xon Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 313; Aver., 2013, Turcza- district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April 2015, ninowia 16, 4: 43. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham 1270 (HNL, FOF, LE). district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1078 (HNL, and coniferous evergreen forests on any kind of soil FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, preferably on rocky limestone, 1100–1400 m. Fl. Hem district, Khon Ngua village, 15 April 2015, March – May. Occasional. Ornamental. N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN Myanmar, Thailand, NW. Vietnam. Laos: 1469 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houa- Houaphan, Oudomxai, Phongsali. phan province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., V. denisoniana Benson et Rchb. f., LA-VN 1411 (HNL, FOF, LE). 1869, Gard. Chron. 1869: 528; Newman et al., Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 283; Schuit. et leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, com- al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 314. monly on shady slopes and in humid depressions, Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Hem 200–1400 m. Fl. April – July. Not rare. district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, S. China, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1325 (HNL, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malacca Peninsula, FOF, LE). Sumatra, Java. Laos: Houaphan, Khammouan, Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved Louang Namtha, Vientiane, Xiangkhouang. evergreen dry forests on any kind of soil, preferably on rocky limestone, (600)1000–1200 m. Fl. T. curculigoides Lindl., December – February. Not common. Ornamental. 1840, Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 497; Newman et al., Myanmar, S. China, Thailand, Vietnam. 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: 282; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. Journ. Bot. 26: 313; Aver., 2013, Laos: Champasak, Houaphan, Louangphrabang, Turczaninowia 16, 4: 45. Xiangkhouang. Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Kham district, Huad village, 4 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. V. flavobrunnea Rchb. f., Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1070 (HNL, 1886, Flora 69: 552; Schuit. et al., 2008, Nord. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Journ. Bot. 26: 314. Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi village, 11 April = V. pumila Hook.f., 1890, Fl. Brit. India 6: 53; 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., Newman et al., 2007, Checklist Vasc. Pl. Lao PDR: LA-VN 1276 (HNL, FOF, LE). 283. Terrestrial herb. Primary and secondary broad- Central Laos, Xiangkhouang province, Peak leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone, com- district, Khoang village, 3 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, monly on shady slopes and in humid depressions, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 971 (HNL, 900–1400 m. Fl. April – July. Not rare. FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan province, Turczaninowia 19 (3): 5–58 (2016) 57

Hem district, Na Puok village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Acknowledgements Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1303 Field works, results of which are presented in this (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, Houaphan paper were financially supported in part by U.S.A. province, Hem district, Nacoc village, 12 April National Geographic Society, grants “Flora of relict 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, N. S. Khang et al., karstic formation of central Laos (Vientiane pro- LA-VN 1454 (HNL, FOF, LE). Northeastern Laos, vince, Vang Vieng and Kasi districts” (# 9141-12), Houaphan province, Xon district, Nong Hua Pa Noi “Assessment of plant diversity in main limestone are- village, 11 April 2015, N. T. Hiep, L. Averyanov, as of central Laos” (#9906-16) and Russian Foun- N. S. Khang et al., LA-VN 1273 (HNL, FOF, LE). dation for Basic Research “Plant taxonomy, geog- Epiphyte. Primary and secondary broad-leaved raphy and biology in local floras of eastern Indo- and mixed evergreen forests on any kind of soil, china” (15-04-00419А), and were carried out in the preferably on rocky limestone, commonly on hill framework of institutional research project of the and mountain tops, 700–1450 m. Fl. March – May. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Aca- Not common. Ornamental. demy of Sciences. The authors cordially thanks Dr. India, Nepal, Myanmar, SW. China (Yunnan), Philip Thomas and Mr. Robert Timmins for his data Thailand, Vietnam. Laos: Houaphan, Louang and photos on Calanthe lyroglossa and C. sylvatica Namtha, Phongsali, Xiangkhouang. used in this paper.

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