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LOW-COST, HIGH HOPES THE BUDGET AIRLINE REVOLUTION IN ASIA-PACIFIC
February 2014
LIFT-OFF FOR UK SPACE
CYBERSECURITY AND AVIATION
IRANIAN GA AIRCRAFT 2014 Honours, Medals & Awards
The most prestigious and long-standing awards in global aerospace honouring achievements, innovation and excellence.
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For further information call Anna Banton on +44 (0)20 7670 4312 or email [email protected] Volume 41 Number 2 February 2014 ATR
Low-cost high hopes Flight of the Scorpion The growth of the Asia- Textron AirLand launches Textron AirLand Textron Pacifi c low-cost air new low-cost jet strike 14 transport market. 30 aircraft. Contents
Correspondence on all aerospace matters is welcome at: The Editor, AEROSPACE, No.4 Hamilton Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK [email protected] Comment Regulars 4 Radome 12 Transmission The latest aviation and Your letters, emails, tweets aeronautical intelligence, and feedback. analysis and comment. 58 The Last Word Iran: winners and losers 10 Antenna Keith Hayward on the new Howard Wheeldon looks space race in Asia. at the future of defence procurement privatisation The current international negotiations over
Iran’s nuclear ambitions raise the possibility that BAE Systems Tehran’s leadership may be seeking to give up Features its plans for nuclear weapons — in return for relief
from crippling sanctions. It is obviously very early USMC days yet and, given Iran’s history, there is much to be said for Ronald
Reagan’s famous maxim ‘trust but verify’ — but the change in attitude Dorna Aircraft has been refreshing. Moreover, any breakthrough agreement will have signifi cant implications for the aerospace industry. Should sanctions be lifted, even slightly, this may open up a previously closed or highly 32 restricted market for Western products, skills and services. It may even, 18 as seen on page 32, go in the opposite direction with aerospace talent Persian Eagle from Iran now able to market their products and skills to the world. Pacifi c storm Profi le of Iranian GA Yet there also may be a downside for some companies. Military Asia-Pacifi c defence manufacturer Dorna Aircraft. procurement in the Gulf, for example, has been mainly driven by fears round-up. of the Iranian threat. Only recently, it has to be remembered, that talk of a joint Israel/US strike on Iranian nuclear facilities (and the potential for
wider war in the Gulf) was presented as a ‘when, not if’ choice. NASA So was it, therefore, coincidence that the UAE decided against acquiring Eurofi ghter Typhoon late last year, despite high-level lobbying? Or was it a merely a pragmatic move by the UAE that with Reaction Engines conciliatory noises emanating from Tehran, there was now no need to be rushed into a decision over an expensive combat aircraft? With a global buyer’s market for fi ghter aircraft, the UAE can afford to wait and should 34 peace talks with Iran break down — it can be sure that re-opening the 22 contest will have defence companies falling over themselves to offer Lift-off for UK space It’s hip to be square A 20-year vision for the UK better deals. space industry. As ever — there are both winners and losers. The CubeSat revolution.
Tim Robinson 39 Careers in Aerospace 26 Cybersecurity and LIVE NEWS IN BRIEF aviation Report on the 2013 RAeS [email protected] Tackling the hacker threat. careers fair.
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INTELLIGENCE / ANALYSIS / COMMENT
Self-defence The Gripen NG features a comprehensive EW self-defence system. Elisra will provide a passive IR missile warning system, while the fi ghter will be one of the fi rst to offer the Selex BriteCloud Expendable Active Decoy Extra range Relocating the as part of its defence suite. undercarriage position allows a 40% increase in fuel capacity, giving a combat radius of 700nm and ferry range of 2,200nm. A retractable IFR probe is now fi tted.
NEWS IN BRIEF
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?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? More power The Gripen NG replaces the Volvo RM12/ ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? F404 used on the C/D with GE’s F414G ????? ????? engine — as used on the F/A-18 Super Hornet — giving the Gripen NG 20% more thrust and allowing supercruise. Saab
4 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Sensor fusion The Gripen NG features a partioned avionics architecture — separating fl ight safety and mission functions — allowing from rapid updates. One such upgrade could be AESA radar replacing the three colour cockpit MFDs The Gripen NG features the Selex Galileo ES with a single giant touchscreen display. 05 Raven active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, with a moving swash plate that allows scan angles up to 100°.
IRST Sensors also include the Selex Skyward-G passive infrared search and track system (IRST).
More weapons Relocated landing gear now allows ten external hardpoints for carrying weapons, external fuel tanks, surveillance and targeting pods. For Brazil, integrated air-to- air missiles may include Derby, A-Darter and Meteor.
DEFENCE Lightweight champ lands knock-out blow in Brazil Brazil has selected the Saab Gripen NG to become its air force’s new fi ghter aircraft, beating off competition from the Dassault Rafale and Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The $4·5bn F-X2 contract will see 36 Gripens replace ageing Dassault Mirage 2000C fi ghters and Northrop F-5EMs. The contract is expected to be signed in 10-12 months with fi rst deliveries to follow 48 months later, although older Gripen C/Ds from the Swedish Air Force may be supplied fi rst until the new aircraft are ready.
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AEROSPACE DEFENCE FanWing wins France approves Rafale EU research F3 R upgrade project The French Defence BVRAAM missile, a Thales Ministry has given PDL-NG laser designation the go-ahead for pod and the latest laser Dassault to develop homing version of the the fourth tranche of Sagem AASM Hammer Rafale fi ghters to F3 R air-to-ground modular standard. weapon, already trialed in The upgraded version Mali. Validation of these will include integration new weapons is expected with the MBDA Meteor by 2018. FanWing/Adrian Mann FanWing/Adrian Innovative rotating wing propulsion aircraft developer FanWing has received a joint EU award for a two-year research and development project. Led by the DLR German Bombardier’s $2bn Aerospace and Space Research Centre, the SOAR (diStributed Open-rotor AiRcraft) biz-jet order project is being conducted by FanWing in conjunction with the University of Saarland and Bombardier has completed a $2·2bn the von Karman Institute. Work will include wind-tunnel testing and CFD data and analysis order for 38 business jets from an documentation with the aim of optimising rotor blades and wingshape. Experimental data unidentifi ed customer. The order is for 28 collected during the programme will be used to design a full-size open fan wing aircraft Global and ten Challenger 605 biz-jets. design suitable for carrying 60-70 passengers or up to eight tons of freight. SPACEFLIGHT AIR TRANSPORT Third powered fl ight for Aerofl ot unveils Red Devil Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic’s an altitude of 46,000ft SpaceShipTwo made its and Mach 1·4 above the third rocket-powered test Mojave Desert. The fl ight fl ight on 10 January. The also tested new refl ective Russian fl ag carrier Aerofl ot has unveiled one of two new Airbus A321s which will ten-minute fl ight saw thermal protection for the feature the red, white and blue livery of the Manchester United football team. The
the spaceplane reach tail booms. ot Aerofl football club signed a fi ve-year partnership with Aerofl ot in July 2013. NEWS IN BRIEF
been in hibernation mode Medina on 5 January after Brazilian aircraft India has cancelled a since June 2011. On 4 January Airbus rolled its right landing gear failed manufacturer Embraer has $770m order for 12 out its fourth A350 fl ight to deploy. announced that it met its AW101 helicopters from Remanufactured bizjet test aircraft. The fi rst A350 planned delivery targets for AgustaWestland following specialist Nextant to be fi tted with a fully The fi rst Reaper UAVs to 2013. During the year, the allegations of malpractice Aerospace has announced equipped cabin interior, be operated by the French company delivered a total in the purchase process. that it is to fl y its fi rst re- MSN2 features a special Air Force have been of 90 commercial aircraft (see Pacifi c Storm p 18) engined and modernised ‘all carbon’ black and white deployed to the Sahel and 119 business jets. King Air G90XT in the chequered livery. region of Africa in support Scientists at ESA have fi rst quarter of this year. of the on-going French Malaysian carrier AirAsiaX reactivated the Rosetta The G90XT replaces the A total of 29 people campaign in Mali. has ordered 25 Airbus space probe prior to its original G90 aircraft’s Pratt are reported to have A330-300s plus ten planned rendezvous with & Whitney Canada PT6 been injured during the SpaceX has launched the options. The airline is Comet 67P/Churyumov- engines with GE H80s, evacuation of a Saudi Asian communications planning to use the aircraft Gerasimenko in November together with a Garmin Airlines Boeing 767- satellite Thaicom 6 into for low-cost long-haul 2014. Launched in March G1000 fl ightdeck and new 300ER after it made an geosynchronous transfer operations. 2004, the spacecraft has interiors. emergency landing in orbit (GTO) aboard a
6 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 SPACEFLIGHT AIR TRANSPORT AEROSPACE Cygnus delivers Airports Commission Airbus, supplies to ISS tips Heathrow/Gatwick Boeing expansion 2013 The Airports Commission, options suggested by the results led by Sir Howard Davies, report is the building of a has published its interim third 3,500m runway at report on the future Heathrow, lengthening expansion of UK airports, an existing Heathrow saying that one additional runway to 6,000m and a runway is needed by 2030. new 3,000m runway at Among the short-listed Gatwick. Airbus
Private US space delivered supplies to DEFENCE company Orbital the ISS, arriving on 12 Airbus has Sciences Corporation January. The launch Pave Hawk crash in reported that it launched its Cygnus was originally scheduled outsold Boeing in cargo spacecraft aboard for 8 January but was UK kills four 2013 with a record an Antares rocket from postponed due to total of 1,503 net the NASA Wallops Flight unusually high levels of A US Air Force HH-60G RAF Lakenheath when it orders compared Facility in Virginia on 9 space radiation which Pave Hawk helicopter came down on a nature to Boeing’s total of January. exceeded the spacecraft’s crashed in East Anglia on reserve near Cley next the 1,355. Airbus also The unmanned spacecraft design constraints. 7 January killing all four Sea in Norfolk. The cause
NASA trumped Boeing crew. The aircraft was on of the accident is under a training mission from investigation. with its current order backlog GENERAL AVIATION of 5,559 aircraft Embraer’s Legacy 450 against Boeing's 4,080 orderbook. makes fi rst fl ight However, Boeing Embraer’s latest biz-jet facility in Sao Jose dos took top spot the ‘mid light’ Legacy Campos, Brazil. The full for production, 450 made its maiden fl y-by-wire Legacy 450, a delivering 648 fl ight on 28 December smaller variant of the 500, aircraft compared in a 95 minute test fl ight is expected to achieve to Airbus’ 626. from the manufacturer’s certifi cation in 2015. USAF
Falcon 9 rocket. Lift-off fl ight to New Zealand. Flag a long-term contract volunteers for a one-way Sikorsky S-76Ds that took place on 6 January carrier Air New Zealand is to sustain the Royal trip to the Red Planet, Bristow placed in March from Cape Canaveral AFB. the launch customer for Netherlands Air Force’s starting in 2025. 2013. the -9 variant. fl eet of Hercules C-130s. The applicants were drawn US GA manufacturer Under the Cockpit Upgrade from some 202,000 Engine manufacturer Mooney is to restart aircraft Singapore leasing (CUP) and Cabin Safety people who responded Snecma has announced production following a company Avation has Improvements (CSIMP) to Mars One’s call for that it is to build a cash infusion from its bought fi ve ATR 72-600 Sustainment Programme colonists for the ultimate prototype open-rotor which new Chinese owners. The regional turboprops plus (CCSP), Marshall ADG reality TV show. will be ground tested in Mooney production line fi ve options. The new order will provide airworthiness, 2016 and fl ight tested on was closed in 2008 but means that Avation now maintenance and reliability Bristow Group has an Airbus A340 in 2019. could be working again has 14 new ATR 72-600s information. received its fi rst fully within six months. to be delivered before the confi gured S-76D Bombardier has won end of 2015. Dutch-based Martian helicopter from Sikorsky an order from American In January a Boeing 787-9 colony space company, for offshore oil-rig support. Airlines for 30 CRJ900 test aircraft made its fi rst Marshall Aerospace and Mars One has chosen The delivery is the fi rst regional jets plus 40 overseas debut with a Defence Group has won a shortlist of 1,058 of an order for up to 26 options.
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AEROSPACE GENERAL AVIATION
Textron to buy London Air The London Air Ambulance service has celebrated Beechcraft its fi rst 25 years of operation. Starting in January Ambulance’s 1990 fl ying out of Biggin Hill, the service has come silver jubilee to the aid of over 30,000 patients. The service is now The recently rebranded the parent company of fundraising for a second helicopter. US GA manufacturer Beechcraft for $1·4bn Beechcraft deal, and bring is to be together bought the by Cessna Textron, and owner of the $ Beechcraft Cessna GA GA and business company and Bell aircraft brands. The deal is Helicopters. Textron is expected to be completed
to buy Beech Holdings, in the fi rst half of 2014. Air Ambulance London DEFENCE SPACEFLIGHT
US aerospace company Is it a truck? Is it a plane? Advanced Tactics has Reaction Engines tie up developed a vertical with USAF research lab take-off military transport vehicle. Named the AT Black Knight Transformer, UK space company and potential future an unmanned technology Reaction Engines development of Reaction demonstrator completed has arranged a co- Engines’ SABRE air- driving tests in December operative research and breathing rocket engine 2013 and is scheduled to development agreement designed for low-cost make its fi rst fl ight early with the US Air Force space access and high- this year. The vehicle is Research Laboratory’s speed atmospheric fl ight. designed for autonomous Aerospace Systems The assessement will casualty evacuation, Directorate (AFRL/RQ). be used to inform US as well as manned or The tie up will assess the government stakeholders unmanned cargo resupply. performance, applications of SABRE’s potential. Advanced Tactics Advanced NEWS IN BRIEF
additional Ariane 5 which will have test sites regulatory approval, the (SLS) heavy lift rocket. The USAF and US Coast launchers from Airbus for the commercial use name change will take Guard (USCG) are to swap Defence & Space. The new of UAVs. The six states place in the second quarter A Kamov Ka-32 helicopter two aircraft types — with Ariane 5s are scheduled to are Alaska, Nevada, New of 2014. from a Chinese icebreaker the USCG acquiring 14 begin launching from 2017 York, North Dakota, Texas has successfully airlifted to surplus USAF C-27J onwards. and Virginia. The sites will BAE Systems has said that safety passengers aboard Spartan transports that be used to help develop RAF Tornados have fl own a research vessel that had were put into temporary A pilot was killed and operational rules for the with 3D printed or additive been trapped in Antarctic storage. In exchange, the two others injured when safe operation of UAVs in layer manufacturing (ALM) ice. Air Force is set to receive a Canadair Challenger commercial airspace by the parts. BAE predicts this seven C-130s from the 601 private jet crashed end of 2015. could cut the cost of Members of the Boeing Coast Guard, which will at Aspen/Pitkin County spares by over £1·2m in machinists union voted by be converted into forestry airport in Chicago on 5 The American Airlines the next four years. 51 to 49% on 3 January fi re-fi ghting aircraft. January. Group is to rebrand its to accept a new contract American Eagle Airlines ATK has completed hot fi re which should ensure the Arianespace has placed The US FAA has subsidiary under the new avionics tests on NASA’s continuation of Boeing an €2bn order for 18 announced the six states name of Envoy. Subject to new Space Launch System 777 production in Seattle.
8 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 DEFENCE 777Xs for AEROSPACE Cathay US company Flexsys is to UAE pulls Cathay Pacifi c test fl y its FlexFoil variable Morphing fl aps to has ordered 21 geometry control surfaces plug on aboard a Gulfstream GIII be tested Boeing 777-9X Typhoon in July. Trailing-edge fl aps aircraft. Deliveries will be replaced with 14ft deal are scheduled FlexFoil surfaces together between 2021 to with 24in transition In December, BAE Systems 2024. sections at each end. reported that the United Flexsys Arab Emirates (UAE) will SPACEFLIGHT not be proceeding any further with a proposed Infographic: Gaia reaches L2 Lagrange point £6bn deal to buy 60 Eurofi ghter Typhoons, with the company saying: “The UAE have advised that they have elected not to proceed with these proposals at this time.” Meanwhile, the company reported that: “Whilst good progress has been made, a defi nitive agreement has yet to be reached” over the fi nalisation of the Salaam deal to supply Typhoons to Saudia Arabia. Eurofi ghter Eurofi Airbus Defence and Space ON THE MOVE
Lockheed Martin elected Director of KLM UK Muilenburg, while Shelley Abubakar is to be its new Marillyn Hewson as Engineering. Lavender will replace Air Offi cer Commanding The International Air Chairman of the Board Chadwick as leader of Training Command Kaduna Transport Association from 1 January. Dennis Muilenburg has Boeing Military Aircraft. while his predecessor Air (IATA) has appointed Kevin been named as Boeing’s Vice Marshal I Umar moves Hiatt as Senior VP, Safety ADS has announced that new Vice Chairman, Etihad Airways has to Defence Headquarters and Flight Operations. its new President for the President and CEO. appointed Amina Tahe as as Chief of Policy & Plans. next two years will be Raymond Conner is Head of Media Relations. Walid Abukhaled is to Marcus Bryson. promoted to Boeing Vice Charles Paterson is the become CE of Northrop Chairman, President and Jeff Standerski has been new Senior Vice President Grumman's Saudi business. Emirates president Tim CEO of Boeing Commercial appointed Senior VP of of Business Development Clark has been awarded a Airplanes. Christopher Rockwell Collins’ new and Strategy for GKN Raytheon CEO William H knighthood in the UK New Chadwick is appointed Information Management Aerospace, replacing Swanson is to step down. Year Honours List. as Boeing Executive VP, Services division. Michael McCann who has He will be succeeded by President, President and become CEO of GKN EVP and COO Dr Thomas Arjan Meijer has been CEO, Boeing Defense, The Nigerian Air Force has Aerospace — Engine A Kennedy, effective from appointed Managing Space & Security, replacing announced that AVM SB Systems. March.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 9 Global Outlook and antenna: Analysis with HOWARD WHEELDON GoCo dead — long live DE&S+!
he potential creation of a GoCo — employed, currently made up of 16,000 military and Government Owned, Contractor civil service posts, making the right decision on the Operated — organisation to run defence future restructuring of the defence procurement Tprocurement operation in the UK may organisation would be crucial to its success. The now be off the agenda but that does not process of required change had begun as long ago mean the idea of privatisation of the procurement as October 2009 when the independent ‘Review of operation has been permanently ditched. Acquisition for the Secretary of State for Defence’ Nevertheless, for now, defence procurement is to be was conducted by Bernard Gray. His report was to retained in the public sector within what has been be largely critical of how defence procurement was defi ned as a substantially upgraded and yet freed up conducted and its principal recommendation was DE&S+ operation which, as announced by Secretary that, in future procurement should be outsourced of State for Defence in December, will be given new to a government-owned, contractor-operated powers from April allowing it to break away from organisation. Hence, the idea of GoCo was born. current civil service pay restraints. Not surprisingly, the outsourcing recommendation Poor leadership, low morale and a lack of drive met with stiff opposition from the Brown combined with the distinct lack of remuneration Government. But, with a change of Government in incentive lie at the heart of why UK defence April 2010 and publication six months later of the procurement is in a mess. There has been too little SDSR, the possibility of creating a GoCo took a incentive to succeed and precious little in the way giant step forward towards potential reality when of constructive leadership. There have also been the Coalition signalled an intention to seriously a combination of other factors, including constant consider this as a possibility within the overarching changes being made to already agreed programme act of defence reform. requirements and differing sections of the military While few disagreed that something was very being allowed to interfere on equipment programmes badly wrong with how the system of defence forcing through expensive change without a proper procurement operated, how to resolve the problem understanding of the consequences. Then, there are and secure a more sound and effi cient system that the politically based arguments on fi nal numbers, would provide best value for the taxpayer, give the cost, timing and use of available cash — all have military with what they required on budget and on played a part in preventing the establishment of a time while at the same time to work better for the clear cut and effi cient system in procurement-based MoD and industry would be fraught with diffi culty. decision-making processes. To be fair, there has Opinions differed and, while the Secretary for already been some improvement in performance of Defence and the by now Chief of Defence Materiel, the existing Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) Bernard Gray were fi rmly behind the GoCo, the operation. Under Chief of Defence Materiel, Bernard decision was made to test the wider views of Gray, operational management has signifi cantly industry together with those that might potentially improved. But, set against a background of forced choose to compete for the contract to operate cuts in the number of staff employed combined with the unfortunate loss of highly skilled staff that have AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat chosen to leave DE&S due either to the constant — but is it time for a shake-up in living in fear of losing their job or the very poor UK defence procurement? levels of pay, many have jumped ship, seizing better opportunities offered in the private sector. No matter whether procurement was to be partially privatised or to remain inside the public sector, it was very clear that large scale change was needed.
The right decisions
With an annual budget of £14bn and responsibility for an already much reduced number of staff
10 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2013 Chief of Defence Material, Bernard Gray MoD GoCo. Against this background it should be noted Debate far from over that all the way through, on the grounds of fear of potentially increased risk, Whitehall support for With the House of Commons Defence Select GoCo was very limited. Committee looking at not only why the notional Even if the GoCo idea had real merit as time idea of part privatising the operation of defence moved on as the debate and potential concerns procurement failed, why the various bidders POOR widened, it was, I suspect, the personalities involved walked away and, importantly, why the current LEADERSHIP, in the potential creation and running of a future Chief of Defence Material was given the job of LOW MORALE, GoCo that gave rise to the largest area of concern. running the proposed DE&S+ operation without The defence industry itself made plain that it would there being a competition, the debate on defence LACK OF DRIVE be happy to work with whatever system of procurement is far from over. More sparks COMBINED procurement operation was decided may well fl y in terms of the personalities WITH THE by the Defence Minister. In the end, involved and the pressure on the DISTINCT left with only one potential bidder, Defence Secretary on the handling the increased complexities and of procurement debate may well LACK OF perceived risk placed on those intensify. The bottom line is that, REMUNERATION within the private sector that from a would-be private sector INCENTIVE had led two other consortium stance, the GoCo option failed LIE AT THE partnerships to withdraw left because those that might have the Defence Secretary with wished to sign up to operate it in HEART OF WHY little choice but to back away partnership with the MoD had no UK DEFENCE from the GoCo option in favour of guarantee of being allowed to make PROCUREMENT public sector retention of defence profi t without realising further substantial IS IN A MESS procurement in the form of an upgraded MoD cuts in operational cost. That neither the DE&S+ structure that would be given much greater Treasury nor the Cabinet Offi ce had been keen freedom of operation. on the GoCo option due to the fear of future risk Abandoning the GoCo option in favour of and probably also that the proposed Trading Fund moving forward with a public sector-based DE&S+ under which it would operate would not have was to be a bitter blow for Defence Secretary Philip been a central body of Government should not be Hammond just as it would also be for its principal ignored. advocate, Bernard Gray. And it would be Gray that, By the time the GoCo competition was killed to the surprise of some, the Government asked to off in favour of moving forward with a revised run the upgraded DE&S+. While it is true that it had and rejuvenated public sector DE&S+ option, the been Gray who had given birth to the GoCo option process had cost the taxpayer £7·4m. Moving for future defence procurement, given the need forward the DE&S+ option will, according to Gray, for stability through what will be a further process cost a further £17·3m to establish. of change, I will no doubt be in the minority when Three years since the procurement debate I say that I believe Philip Hammond has made the started, have we now moved on? DE&S may be right decision. Gruff, unpopular perhaps, suffering weakened through the GoCo stealth process fools badly and even causing unnecessary internal attempt but I do believe that, for now the right friction as Gray is often accused, I believe that, decision has been made. In the knowledge that given that he has one year of his contract left to run £4bn of programme risk provision is set in stone and given his large scale experience in procurement and, as Hammond confi rmed again in December, operation, this remaining period should be used that the procurement programme has at least been wisely in the process of change and transition of stabilised, the new DE&S+ structure can start from DE&S to DE&S+. a reasonably clean slate. Given the value of defence to the national economy, the prospect of future cost overruns is not in my view an excuse for the MoD to attempt further risk reduction through policies of buying off-the-shelf. That would be counterproductive but, by learning to work closer and more effi ciently with industry and by improving internal and external communication, DE&S+ should be able to play a much larger part in the overall risk reduction process. The emergence of trust and stability in the relationship between government procurer, supplier and those directly responsible for procurement will be important in the fi nal analysis as to whether DE&S+ will be enduring or not. AgustaWestland
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LETTERS AND ONLINE
answers. Relying on experts carried in such aircraft (see alone without oversight, Cybersecurity in aviation, simply isn’t enough. Recent p26). Wikipedia evidence for this assertion include the banking crisis Paul E. Team Lead, Data of 2006 onwards and the Centre at Arik Air You Mid-Staffs NHS scandal. have a valid point Johnny. However, I believe that John Blauth AMRAeS as every new technology Immediate Network Ltd comes with its challenges, system vulnerability to hacks is one of the issues that would most likely lead to the deployment of RPAS (remotely piloted air systems) in fully unmanned civil roles (i.e. cargo, Glider on tow. i agricultural operations) fi rst. It may take quite a while before we see RPAS Glider upset training Maintaining this refl ex Rupert Murdoch, British spy deployed in the commercial While reading the and using the rudder on a chiefs or any number of fat Johnny S. Independent passenger transport sector. December issue of commercial aircraft can be cats — bosses of energy airlines aviation In the initial stages of RPAS AEROSPACE, I stumbled detrimental and may even fi rms, failed banks, the BBC professional [on deployment in the open upon an article entitled worsen the situation in the — they have provided many implications of US moves airspace, as you clearly The right attitude(1) which case of an upset situation of the big political moments to introduce RPAS into point out, control system summarises the different (ironically, the article later in this Parliament.’
a glider, the yaw effect and often valuable work Microdrones GmBH necessitates a strong carried out by Parliament’s activity on the rudder; select committees. this is true in normal and As the Economist wrote in abnormal situations. November: ‘Whether grilling md4-100 quadrotor UAV.
12 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Geoffrey W. @RAFScopie [On Space @4tis [On a Belgian Chartered senior aircraft Debris the legal issues](5) school using a quad- NVIDIA structural design The Cosmos collision the copter UAV to monitor and development article mentions was 1st students taking exams] I’m engineering professional. reported & catalogued guessing it’s a hoax. It’s There is a lot of research by non other than moi noisy, disruptive (blow- potential not only in (& my team that night.) ing papers), could injure aerodynamics and future someone & only ~15 mins confi gurations but also fl ying time. PR stunt? in lightweight airframe structures (advanced stitched composites), new @sUASNews [On who manufacturing methods, is winning race to unlock incorporating into existing skies for UAVs](3) Europe @Aspavold [On Hawk jet basic confi gurations. The already did. At last count trainer turning 40 this year] issue as always is funding. there where 1,164 great product, proud to certifi cated operators. have worked on them for Japan has over 14,000. 17 years of my career
@MarcusUAV Good @P_H_Images It’s fair to hear the commercial to say that comparing market is fi nally taking the [Hawk] T2 to the shape there.... T1 is like comparing @LossComm [On USAF a British Leyland Mini PaveHawk crash] What’s to the current version! the protocol for a foreign mil a/c crash on UK soil? Do @aaibgovuk lead, MoD or foreign mil? Graphic representation of computational fl uid dynamics (CFD) T2 Hawk trainers from RAF Valley. from computer graphics company NVIDIA. R&D — the need for supercomputers BAE Systems
Charles G. CFD, software with the most Fluid Dynamics and effi cient numerical solvers Engineering Software for massively parallel Tool Developer and supercomputers is also Analyst [on What do needed. I believe that the you think is in store for transonic tunnel from the renaissance of UK DERA Bedford went to Aerospace?](4) I think also ARA. There was also a having more powerful new low-speed tunnel at HPCs (supercomputers) Farnborough? The UK are needed compared to also contributed I believe what is in the USA, China a third of the money and Europe. Since most towards the cryogenic engineering products are tunnel at Koln which can 1. The right attitude, AEROSPACE, December 2013, p 22. designed virtually and the reproduce true Reynolds 2. Transmission, AEROSPACE, December 2013, p 12. 3. http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2014/01/10/the-us-moves-closer-to-rpas-operation-in-controlled- physics is modelled virtually number fl ows. The wind- airspace/8977/ having the most powerful tunnels complement 4. http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight/2013/12/06/the-uk-aerospace-renaissance/8881/ HPCs is an advantage and validate the CFD 5. Space debris: The legal issues, AEROSPACE, January 2014, p 14. for modelling coupled developments. But it is only aerodynamic/structure/ with updated tools can acoustics/combustion/ further developments in thermal to make the aerodynamics, propulsion, Online most effi cient designs. systems and design be Additional features and content are available to view Developing the necessary made. online at http://media.aerosociety.com/aerospace-insight
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 13 Asia-Pacifi c airlines Low-cost carriers
en years ago, low-cost carriers (LCCs) as it does not include aircraft ordered for LCCs were the minor players in the Asia- which are owned by larger airlines which often utilise 46 Pacifi c region, representing only around aircraft ordered by their parent company. Asia-Pacifi c LCCs 2% of total capacity. However, the market has since experienced a radical Owners and operators Treversal with budget airlines now accounting for over 50% of intra-regional capacity in Southeast While many Asia-Pacifi c LCCs are privately owned, 1,000 Asia and 10% in North Asia. others are operated as subsidiaries of larger Total LCC aircraft In the past two years, the expansion of LCCs (see table on next page). The largest group LCCs has been continuing to accelerate at an operator is AirAsia whose LCC-owned or controlled unprecedented rate with more and more new airlines accounts for a total fl eet of 172 aircraft, carriers joining the market each year — six in 2012, plus a further 388 on order. AirAsia’s LCC affi liates 1,500 fi ve in 2013 and a further 11 planned in 2014. include Thai AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia (a 49/51% LCC aircraft on order According to statistics published by CAPA Centre joint venture between AirAsia and local interests), for Aviation, there are currently 46 airlines classifi ed Philippines’ AirAsia and AirAsia X — the latter as low-cost carriers in the Asia-Pacifi c region, specialising in long-haul routes based on low-cost operating close to 1,000 aircraft, equivalent to 15% airports. The second largest group is Lion which also 50% of the estimated total 6,800 in-service commercial operates Jakarta-based regional operator Wings Air. LCC share of total aircraft fl eet in the region (see table on p15). This Lion is also unique among LCCs in operating a full- capacity in SE Asia fi gure will continue to rise, with an additional 1,500 service subsidiary, Batik. new LCC aircraft on order, equivalent to 50% of total The third largest LCC operator is the Jetstar new orders. The total may actually be even larger, group with 116 aircraft, while another leading Low-cost high hopes
Recent years have seen a huge expansion in low-cost airline operations in the Asia-Pacifi c region. But can this growth rate be sustained? BILL READ reports.
Tigerair and its affi liate airlines now have a fl eet of 50 Airbus A320s.
14 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 low-cost carrier is Cebu Pacifi c Air with 48 A319/320/330 and ATR72-500s operating domestic and international services within Asia. To counter the threat of competition from LCCs, a number of mainstream carriers have created their own budget airlines. Australian fl ag carrier Qantas operates long-haul LCC Jetstar which, in turn, operates a number of regional joint venture carriers — Jetstar Asia in Singapore, Jetstar Pacifi c ATR in Vietnam, Jetstar Japan and Jetstar Hong Kong. Air India operates a low cost subsidiary Air India Asia-Pacifi c low-cost carriers by country Express based in Mumbai which fl ies to both destinations within India as well as to Asia and Country LCCs (no. of aircraft*) + new LCCs for 2014 the Middle East. Thai Airlines has a 39% share in AUSTRALIA Jetstar Airways (74), Tigerair Australia (12) Bangkok-based LCC Nok Air which has domestic CHINA Hong Kong Express (4), Lucky Air (17), Spring Airlines (39), fl ights within Thailand using a fl eet of Boeing West Air (13) + China United, Jetstar Hong Kong, Jiu Yuan 737-800s together with ATR and Saab regional China, China United Airlines turboprops. Asiana Airlines operates a subsidiary INDIA Air India Express (21), GoAir (17), IndiGo (73), JetLite (13), called Air Busan while Korean Air has a low-cost SpiceJet (56) + AirAsia India carrier based in Seoul called Jin Air. INDONESIA Citilink (24), Indonesia AirAsia (30), Lion Air (94), Lion Air Some LCCs are jointly owned by a number of Indonesia, Tigerair Mandala (9), Wings Air (27) companies. Singapore-based Tigerair (formally JAPAN Air Do (13), Jetstar Japan (18), Peach (11), Skymark Tiger Airways) is owned by Tiger Airways Holdings; Airlines (33), Solaseed (12), Star Flyer (11), Vanilla Air (2) a consortium comprising Singapore Airlines, Indigo + Spring Japan Partners Singapore and RyanAsia. Jetstar Japan MALAYSIA AirAsia (74), AirAsia X (19), Malindo Air (10) is a joint venture between Qantas Airways, Japan MYANMAR Golden Myanmar Airlines (2) Airlines and Mitsubishi and sources its aircraft from PHILIPPINES Cebu Pacifi c Air (48), Philippines AirAsia (2), Tigerair Qantas. Japanese low-cost carrier Peach is a joint Philippines (5), Zest Air (13) venture between All Nippon Airways, Innovation SINGAPORE Scoot (6), Tigerair (25) Network Corporation of Japan and First Eastern SOUTH KOREA Air Busan (11), Eastar Jet (9), Jeju Air (13), Jin Air (10), Investment Group. Sri Lanka’s only LCC, Mihin T’way (6) Lanka, is owned by the Sri Lankan government. SRI LANKA Mihin Lanka (3) TAIWAN - + Tigerair Taiwan THAILAND Nok Air (21), Orient Thai Airlines (22), Thai AirAsia (35), Expansion plans Thai Lion Air (2) + NokScoot, Thai AirAsia X, Thai VietJet VIETNAM Jetstar Asia (19), Jetstar Pacifi c (5), VietJet Air (10) All the LCCs have ambitions to expand and many have already invested in new aircraft. Lion Air *Based on CAPA statistics for end 2013 recently took delivery of its 100th 737 and is asking Boeing to increase its rate of future deliveries. The carrier is also reported to be considering placing Airlines, followed by a new Thai affi liate, Thai Lion Air, Asia-Pacifi c an order for 50 or more Bombardier CSeries 300 which began fl ying in December using a fl eet of two LCCs’ aircraft regional jets in early 2014. At the 2012 Singapore 737-900ERs. In some cases, new budget carriers orderbook Air Show, Lion Air’s regional subsidiary Wings Air are being created by re-launching full-service model signed a contract for the purchase of 27 additional airlines. Hong Kong Express is one such example ATR 72-600 aircraft. Once these have been added while Vanilla was formerly AirAsia Japan. 576 to its fl eet at the end of 2015, Wings will become In 2014, up to 11 new LCCs may begin fl ying in Lion group the largest operator of ATR aircraft in the world, with the Asia-Pacifi c region (see table above). In March a total fl eet of 60 aircraft (20 ATR 72-500s and 40 this year, Lion Air plans to launch a new Indonesia 388 ATR 72-600s). Meanwhile, South Korean budget LCC under the name of Batik Airlines. Meanwhile, AirAsia group carrier Jeju Air has announced plans to increase its AirAsia has taken over control of Batavia Airways current 13-strong 737-800 fl eet by an additional and is seeking approval from the Indian Directorate six or seven aircraft during 2014, as well as raising General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to set up AirAsia 125 annual sales by 23% from won 340bn to won India, a new low-cost airline to be jointly owned with Jetstar group 530bn. SAI-owned Scoot also plans to increase its two Indian investors. Thai carrier Nok Air is planning fl eet of six 777-200s to 14 aircraft by 2016 while to begin competing with Air Asia X in the medium/ Thai LCC Nok Air is planning to almost double its long-haul sector with the launch of NokScoot 70 fl eet to 30 aircraft by the end of 2015. — a new LCC carrier set up in conjunction with VietJet New LCCs are continuing to take-off. In March Singapore Airlines’ subsidiary Scoot and due to 2013, Lion Air began operating a new 49% owned begin fl ying in the second quarter of 2014 using 18 Airbus Malaysian low-cost budget airline called Malindo two SIA 777-200s. Tigerair group
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 15 Asia-Pacifi c airlines Low-cost carriers
While countries in Northern Asia have been slower to adopt the LCC concept than their southern neighbours, the situation is beginning to change. In Taiwan, which currently only has 4-5% LCC market share, China Airways announced plans to launch Tigerair Taiwan in 2014, a new LCC joint- venture with Tigerair. Meanwhile, Vietnamese LCC VietJet, which competes with state-owned Vietnam Airlines Corp and Jetstar Pacifi c, has declared its aim to double its domestic market share to 50% in three years. The low-cost model has also reached mainland ATR China. Shanghai-based Spring Airlines, founded in Asia-Pacifi c low-cost affi liates 2005, claims to be China’s fi rst and only low-cost airline — although Hong Kong Express, Lucky and West Air are also operating under the low-cost Owners Affi liates model with another four to join them in 2014. AIR ASIA Thai AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia, Zest Air, Spring Airlines, which recently took delivery of its Philippines AirAsia, AirAsia X, AirAsia India (2014), Thai AirAsia X (2014) 39th aircraft, is planning to expand with the launch AIR INDIA Air India Express of Spring Airlines Japan in May 2014. In early ANA Peach, Vanilla Air January, China Eastern Airlines announced plans to ASIANA AIRLINES Air Busan convert its China United Airlines subsidiary into a CHINA AIRLINES/TIGERAIR Tigerair Taiwan (2014) low-cost carrier. CHINA EASTERN China United (2014) CHINA EASTERN/JETSTAR Jetstar Hong Kong (2014) GARUDA Citilink If you can’t beat them HAINAN AIRLINES Lucky Air, West Air HONG KONG AIRLINES Hong Kong Express Instead of competing with each other, some Asia- JET AIRWAYS JetLite Pacifi c LCCs have decided to work together instead. JETSTAR Jetstar Asia, Jetstar Japan, Jetstar Pacifi c, Valuair Malindo Air recently signed an interline agreement KAM AIR/VIETJET Thai VietJet (2014) with Thai Lion Air which would allow passengers KOREAN AIR Jin Air to book a single combined e-ticket for fl ights LION Wings Air, Malindo Air, Thai Lion Air operated by both airlines. Qantas controlled Jetstar SINGAPORE AIRLINES Scoot SCOOT/NOK NokScoot (2014) Asia is considering joining the Qantas-Emirates SPRING AIRLINES Spring Japan (2014) airline alliance. In December Tigerair and SpiceJet SRILANKAN AIRLINES Mihin Lanka signed a three-year interline agreement to enable TIGERAIR Tigerair Australia, Tigerair Mandala, Tigerair greater connectivity between fl ights Philippines (to be sold to Cebu Pacifi c) operated by both carriers. Tigerair, VIETJET AIR VietJet which has an existing interline agreement with Singapore- based Scoot, also announced that the two carriers are to form a
it was announced that partnership Tigerair was to sell to further align its 40% stake in their commercial Tigerair Philippines activities. In January to Cebu Pacifi c, as part of a strategic alliance being set up between the two Lion Air Malaysian and carriers. Thai affi liates Malindo Air In some cases, too and Thai Lion Air operate an interline agreement to much co-operation can market joint e-tickets. ATR get airlines into trouble. In September, the Malaysian Competition Commission (MyCC) fi ned its national carrier MAS and AirAsia RM10m each for monopolising four routes during an eight- month pact. xx AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Safety concerns other two aircraft to follow in 2015. Although the Indian market has often been The growth in low-cost operations has not been reported as showing huge potential for LCCs, fi erce without its problems. In April 2013, a newly competition and a lack of suffi cient demand have purchased Lion Air 737-800 crashed into the sea made business diffi cult for carriers operating in the IF PROOF WERE after landing short of the runway at Bali Airport. region. In 2013 IndiGo and GoAir were reported as Despite the aircraft breaking into two, all 101 being the only Indian carriers to report a profi t in the NEEDED OF passengers and seven crew were safely evacuated, previous fi nancial year while, in September, Indian THE GROWING although four passengers were treated for serious LCC SpiceJet announced a quarterly loss of Rs IMPORTANCE injuries. A preliminary report from Indonesia’s 559·49 crore. National Transportation Safety Committee called Airports are also beginning to reach capacity. OF THE ASIA- on the airline to tighten up pilot training and safety Airports of Thailand (AOT) is trying to free up PACIFIC procedures. The airline was again in the headlines more space at Suvarnabhumi Bangkok Airport by MARKET, THEN after passengers staged public protests after offering reduced landing fees to airlines that move IT CAN BEEN experiencing a series of delays and cancellations their operations to Don Muang 45km away. Not on its fl ights due to industrial and organisational all carriers are keen to make the move, as they FOUND IN THE problems. In October, Lion Air was the subject of a face losing connections with other fl ights. Phuket EXPANSION two-week evaluation by the Indonesian Ministry of Airport in Thailand is also running well over capacity, OF ITS LOW- Transportation. although a $180m airport upgrade is due to be COST AIR There have also been safety concerns with other completed in 2015. airlines. In August the Civil Aviation Authority of the There is also the threat of regional politics TRANSPORT Philippines (CAAP) grounded Air Asia budget carrier adversely effecting demand. Recent political SECTOR affi liate Zest Air due to a series of safety breaches, confl icts in Thailand have reduced the country’s including refuelling with passengers onboard. A tourist demand with a knock-on effect on airlines. number of other Asian carriers are also raising safety Thai AirAsia recently reported that its cabin loadings concerns, as shown by the list of airlines currently in November fell by 5% to 82% with the biggest banned from fl ying within the European Union decline in demand being from China. which includes Lion Air, Citilink Indonesia, Air Asia China’s own politics may also have an adverse Philippines, Cebu Pacifi c and Zest Airways. effect on the Asia-Pacifi c airlines. Beijing has recently set up a new air defence zone over the Future challenges East China Sea and is demanding that all foreign aircraft passing through the zone should identify Three new Boeing 737s Although at present the future looks rosy for the themselves to Chinese authorities. While this edict being prepared for delivery Asia-Pacifi c low-cost airline segment, it might be has largely been ignored by US, Japanese and at Seattle in June to Lion Air. Lion Air now has a fl eet of wise to add a few words of caution. The present South Korean military aircraft, Korean Airlines and over 100 737s. Boeing buoyant economic conditions may not last forever Asiana Airlines have both begun fi ling fl ight plans and there is the risk that there may not be suffi cient while the US government has advised US carriers demand in the future for all the new aircraft United, American and Delta also to comply, adding capacity currently on order. The Asia-Pacifi c region that the decision did “not indicate US government has suffered from economic downturns before. acceptance of China’s requirements.” Japan, Eleven years ago saw demand for air travel in however, has not complied and civil aircraft operated the region plummet due to the outbreak of by ANA and Japan Airlines have continued to fl y SARS with fl ights to and from China down through the zone without informing China. Military by 45% at one point. tensions in the area remain high and there are Even if demand does hold up, too concerns that civil air travel could be adversely much growth can sometimes bring affected should the situation escalate (see Pacifi c problems of its own — including Storm, p 18). pilot shortages, airport and air traffi c congestion and pollution. Low-cost future Not all LCCs are fi nding the going easy. Garuda Indonesia If proof were needed of the growing importance of affi liate Citilink had a tough year in the Asia-Pacifi c market, then it can been found in 2013 due to the fall of over 20% in the expansion of its low-cost air transport sector. By the Indonesian rupiah against the US how much this sector will grow and whether it will dollar. The airline had announced plans for be sustainable is diffi cult to predict at the moment, rapid expansion in 2014 with new routes to as the low-cost revolution is still underway. But the Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Perth but scaled present prospects look good. In the words of Tony back its investment plans when it announced in Fernandes, CEO of Air Asia X: “There are three December that it was reducing an order for ten billion people in Asia. As long as we keep fares low, Airbus A320s due in 2014 down to eight, with the people will fl y.”
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 17 DEFENCE PacifiAsia-Pacifi c defence procurement cStorm The US pivot to Asia-Pacific and China’s accelerating military capabilities are amid growing tensions in the region. TIM ROBINSON assesses air power and defence in Asia Pacific.
is emerging as not only an economic superpower — but a military one at that. Its ‘great leap’ forward in terms of naval expeditory power, precision weapons, UAVs and stealth aircraft, along with its new assertiveness such as unilaterally declaring an air defence zone over disputed islands — has thus increased tensions amongst its regional neighbours. Despite the US's public ‘pivot to Asia’ there Lockheed Martin growing military power, intent on too is also an unspoken concern by allies in fl exing its newly found muscles and the region that a war-weary, isolationist and is to support proving its status, runs up against the budgetary constrained US — now simply cannot be repair of Japan's Aestablished order. Nationalism and everywhere in the Pacifi c where it might be needed. F-2 fi ghters bellicose posturing runs riot. It is no The resullt has seen growth in military spending wonder that in the recent months, parallels have and procurement in Asia-Pacifi c with a 5% increase damaged in the been found between 1914 and an inexorable drift year-on-year fl eet size. Let’s take a look at some 2011 tsunami. to war, and 2014, where a new, confi dent China selected military aviation developments. Lockheed Martin Lockheed
18 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 In early 2014, China released photos of its aircraft carrier Liaoning's fi rst deployment.
Australia However, the steady drip of images leaked on to the Internet also gives clues to newer Chinese As a key ally of the US in Asia-Pacifi c — Australia capabilities which may be incoming. In recent remains fi rmly committed to the F-35 programme months we have seen a Longbow-radar mast atop with an aim to purchase 100. The fi rst F-35A for the a Z-19 attack helicopter — suggesting a millimetre RAAF is now on the production line, with handover wave (MMW) radar and improved all-weather in the middle of this year. Stand-up of the fi rst capability. A prototype of a new AEW aircraft Australian F-35A will be in 2020. While the RAAF variant — the KJ-500 also broke cover in late 2013, is already operating F/A-18F Super Hornets, in equipped with a rotordome, the aircraft reportedly 2017 it will receive the fi rst of 12 F/A-18G Growler using three AESA radars to give 360deg coverage. electronic warfare/attack variants — giving the In addition, late last year also saw the start of RAAF a potent EW capability. series production of China’s J-10B fi ghter — which Australia is also expected to follow India's features an AESA radar, IRST and low-RCS chin example and buy the Boeing P-8 Poseidon maritime intake. Meanwhile, only last month it was confi rmed patrol aircraft — with eight to replace the AP-3C that China had tested a Mach 10 ‘hypersonic Orions which will retire from 2017. The exact P-8 delivery vehicle’ missile — another new capability. number may depend on decisions over the required Finally, an image of an Il-76 testbed revealed force mix with the MQ-4C Triton maritime UAVs — what appeared to be a new high-bypass but could be larger. Meanwhile, in 2012, Australia turbofan for the Y-20 transport undergoing tests. placed a order for ten Alenia Aermacchi C-27J Powerplants have always been a key weakness for tactical cargo aircraft. These replace the Caribou the Chinese aerospace sector — and with advances TOP ASIA- which was retired in 2009 and December 2013 saw in space, stealth, cyber and UAVs, now perhaps PACIFIC the fi rst C-27J for the RAAF make its maiden fl ight remain the biggest technological gap between it COMBAT in Italy. Initial operating capability is planned to be in and western rivals. AIRCRAFT 2016. In helicopters, the Royal Australian Navy is India FLEETS expected to take delivery of the fi rst mission-ready MH-60R 'Romeo' Seahawk early this year. The RAN A large part of the defence growth in Asia-Pacifi c China has 24 Romeos on order, with deliveries expected can be attributed to India's massive military to be completed by 2016. modernisation programe covering new fi ghters, 1,453 transports, special mission aircraft and helicopters. China Its annual defence budget is now more than $30bn. As AEROSPACE goes to press, French negotiators India Over the past few years there has come to light are hoping to end the log jam over the $12bn a number of new aerospace projects from China purchase of 126 Dassault Rafale fi ghters for the 768 with stealth fi ghters, UAVs and transport aircraft Indian Air Force’s MRCA requirement. Winning revealed in quick succession. November last year the contest in 2012, the Rafale deal entered a North Korea saw images of what appeared to be China's fi rst limbo over workshare arrangements involving local UCAV prototype — Lijian (Sharp Sword) making its production of all but 18 fi ghters by Hindustan 574 fi rst fl ight. Other new UAVs breaking cover include Aeronautics Limited. With elections in India in May a modifi ed jet-powered diamond-wing design. Just — a new government may mean the deal will not be over a year ago saw the fi rst fl ight in January 2013 fi nalised until the end of the year. South Korea of the four-engined Xian Aircraft Y-20 military transporter — another indicator of China's new On 19 December the fi rst Alenia C-27J 409 emphasis on power-projection capabilties. for the RAAF took to the air. But perhaps the most iconic and public Japan experssion of Chinese power has been the status of the aircraft carrier Liaoning — which has become 291 a national symbol (to a domestic public) of China's increasing expeditionary military strength and has Taiwan undertaken deck trials with J-15 fi ghters. The country, too, is becoming more transparent about its military forces, with TV reports detailing exercises 286 and training. Alenia Aermacchi
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2013 27 DEFENCE Asia-Pacifi c defence procurement
Chinese UCAV Controversy has also dogged the procurement of 12 VVIP helicopters — which last month saw New Dehli terminate a deal with AgustaWestland for AW101s due to allegations of bribery. Three of the 12 AW101s have already been delivered to the IAF. But other deals are expected to be fi nalised additional early this year, including 22 Apache helicopters, 12 threats from Chinooks and six A330MRTT tankers. This builds the unpredictable on earlier deals — with India's C-17 fl eet to reach state of North Korea China's ten this year, along with ongoing deliveries of P-8I — especially from ballastic Lijian (Sharp Poseidons to the Indian Navy — the third example missiles. To that end, in having been delivered last November. India will December 2013 it released Sword) UCAV eventually operate 12 P-8Is. its fi rst ever national security strategy demonstrator is Meanwhile, while all eyes have been on China's which will see it budget for 28 F-35s, three MQ-4 believed made new carrier, India's much-delayed aircraft carrier, Global Hawks and 17 MV-22 Ospreys over the Vikramaditya Admiral Gorshkov its fi rst fl ight on the INS (ex- ) has next fi ve years. This will boost capabilties while also been commissioned and is currently working up to allowing close interoperability with US forces. Japan 20 November. operational capability. It will be equipped with MiG- selected the F-35 in 2011 and will acquire around Note non-stealthy 29K fi ghters. Additionally India's fi rst indigenous 40, with the fi rst example to be delivered in 2016. exhaust nozzle. aircraft carrier, the INS Vikrant is expected to be Meanwhile, although traditionally constrained commissioned in 2017. Finally, India is also a by its consitution to defence only, Japan has partner with Russia on the joint Fifth-Generation been moving to put the pieces in place for a Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) — a variant of the Sukhoi more expeditionary force-projection capability. Its T-50 PAK-FA designed for the IAF. This, India's fi rst Izumo-class ‘helicopter destroyers’ are Japan’s stealth fi ghter, would see local production begin in largest warships and, in reality, helicopter/assault 2020 for 144 airframes. carriers. Speculation exists that, if needed in the future, these could be quickly converted to operate Indonesia F-35Bs giving the JMSDF a potent fi xed-wing carrier strike force. For Indonesia, September 2013 saw the fi rst deliveries of KAI T-50i advanced trainers to the air Singapore force. First ordered in 2011, Indonesia is getting 16 of the jets. The country is also boosting its COIN A city-state with a small but capable military — capabilities with deliveries underway of Embraer Singapore is engaged in maintaining its key edge EMB-214 Super Tucanos — with again16 on in quality of forces. It is already seeking to upgrade order. Last year, too, saw Indonesia join the Apache RSAF F-16s in service with a $2·3bn FMS package gunship club — with an order for eight AH-64E that includes AESA radar, and helmet-mounted Guardians in a deal worth $500m. sights. This F-16 modernisation means Singapore has extra time to mull a possible F-35 purchase BAE Systems Japan — a factor that the Defence Minister confi rmed in will upgrade 130 December when he said there ‘was no particular RoKAF KF-16s The detoriation in relations between Beijing and hurry’ to acquire the F-35. A security partner on the Tokyo has resulted in a new focus to keep Japan's JSF programme since 2003, Singapore is expected defence forces well-prepared. Tokyo also sees to acquire the aircraft at some point. Elsewhere, Singapore may also make a decision on a new aerial tanker to replace its four aged KC-135Rs — with a requirement for six aircraft. The last Singapore Air Show in 2012 saw a RAAF Airbus KC-30 tanker visit the show and, in 2013, Airbus along with Boeing with its KC-46 put in bids for the requirement. Could this year's Singapore air Show see an announcement?
Malaysia
Meanwhile, Malaysia represents the fi rst customer in Asia-Pacifi c for the Airbus A400M transporter. Four aircraft are on order, with the fi rst expected to be delivered in 2015. However, hopes that the BAE Systems
28 AEROSPACE / OCTOBER 2013 2014 will see deliveries of a further fi ve C-17s to the Indian Air Force which will Boeing make it, with ten, the biggest operator after the USAF.
South Korea
Seoul is still embarked on a comprehensive revamp of its armed forces, aimed not only at deterring the North but also keeping pace with other powers in the region. In late November it selected the Lockheed Martin F-35 for its FX-II requirement — overturning the previous preference for the Boeing F-15. South Korea will country could move forward with plans to procure acquire between 40-60 F-35As if all options are new fi ghters (to replace MiG-29s) and AEW taken, with fi rst delivery in 2018. A reduced buy of aircraft appear to be on hold until at least 2015- 40 aircraft potentially may leave the door open to 2020 due to a lack of funds. Meanwhile, the RMAF Boeing or even Eurofi ghter to claim a second prize is set to update its aging C-130H fl eet with a glass in a split buy. The country is also keen on further cockpit retrofi t. developing its indigenious aerospace capabilities. It’ advanced trainer/light attack jet, the KAI/LM Power play Philippines T-50, has now been sold to Iraq, Indonesia and the Philippines and, additionally, with LM is now Devastated by a tropical typhoon in November, being aimed at the USAF’s T-X trainer requirement. military aviation assets, from different nations, such Last year the KAI Surion helicopter, developed as USMC MV-22s and RAF C-17s, have been in conjunction with Eurocopter, entered service engaged in supporting relief efforts in the country. with the country's army. It will replace Hueys and USAF However, despite the crisis, Manila is still hoping to MD500s currently in service, with the army planning November 2013 saw USAF boost its security in the face of changing threats. to acquire 200 Surions. South Korea, too, has B-52s call Beijing's bluff with Its claims on disupted islands such as Scarborough 36 AH-64Es on order. The next potential project a fl ight through China's new Shoals and the Spratlys, put it in potential confl ict though, ambitiously, would be its own stealth fi ghter Air Defence Identifi cation with neighbours — including China. Meanwhile, it (KF-X). The RoKAF is also modernising older types Zone ADIZ in the East China Sea. also faces internal threats from Islamic terrorist — in late 2013 it fi nalised an approx $1bn deal with groups. To that end it is likely to acquire two BAE Systems to upgrade 130 KF-16s — which CN-235MP maritime patrol aircraft. In 2012 Manila includes Raytheon RCAR AESA radar. signed for 12 KAI T-50s trainer/light attack aircraft Seoul also has a need for a new MPA/ASW which would restore its fast jet capability that was and is mulling refurbished ex-USN S-3 Vikings lost in 2005 when the last F-5s were retired. for this role. Finally, in UAVs, this year may see an agreement for South Korea to acquire four Northrop Taiwan Grumman RQ-4Bs under a US FMS deal. Boosting South Korea's ISR capabilities, this would see Taiwan has reason to intensify its search for weapon deliveries begin in 2017. updates, especiallly as some PRC hardliners see taking the island as a necessary stage in shutting Summary out the US from the ‘fi rst chain’ of defensive land bases as part of an overall A2/D2 (Anti-Access/ There is no doubt that the appetite for defence Area Denial) strategy. However, its efforts to acquire procurement in Asia-Pacifi c is closely linked to the newer Block 52 F-16C/Ds for the RoCAF came fears of a rising China disrupting the status quo. to naught — leaving it with the second option of While European air forces shrink, and while the US upgrading its existing 145 F-16s. A $5·3bn deal struggles with budget realities, Asia's nations are agreed in 2011 will see Taiwan piggyback on the building up their forces. USAF’s F-16 modernisation programme to retrofi t the F-16s with Northrop Grumman’s SABR AESA September 2013 saw the fi rst delivery radar and other upgrades. However, the RoCAF's of the KAI T-50 to Indonesia. existing fi ghter aircraft power has been boosted when the fi rst batch of 71 upgraded Ching-kuo Indigenous Defense Fighters (IDF/F-CK-1) were revealed. This mid-life update features avionics and radar upgrades as well as integration with a new indigenous stand-off missile, the Wan Chien. Taiwan is another Asian AH-64E customer, with 30 on order, the fi rst six of which were delivered in
November. KAI KAI
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 29 Space Nanosatellites It’s hip to be square The CubeSat revolution
With the launch of the UK’s fi rst commercial CubeSat, UKube-1 on the horizon, MALCOLM MACDONALD* and CHRISTOPHER LOWE** look at what the future holds for this standardised space platform.
ust over 56 years ago, the Space Age teams of people working in clean rooms and beyond began with the launch into an elliptical, to the highest conceivable quality standards. Yet the low-Earth orbit of a 58cm polished metal reality has moved on. sphere with four external radio antennas. JThis metal sphere was named in Russian as The CubeSat era Satellite-1. We know it as Sputnik-1. The launch of a spacecraft today is perhaps not Towards the end of the 1990s a number of quite mundane or routine, but it is worth recalling university groups were developing student-built that the scale of this achievement by the Union of pico-satellites. Based on this experience at Stanford Soviet Socialist Republics (CCCP or USSR), less University, Bob Twiggs and his co-workers, including than a lifetime ago, triggered a Cold War crisis Jordi Puig-Suari at California Polytechnic State within the USA and her allies. This crisis led to University (Cal Poly), developed and proposed the use of the same evocative imagery as in the to the community the concept of a CubeSat ‘as aftermath of major modern-day events such as the a collaborative effort to continue developing the series of co-ordinated suicide attacks within the US pico-satellite, provide a convenient low-cost launch on 11 September 2001. interface and co-ordinate launch activities.’(1) In its day, Sputnik-1 and the spacecraft that Key to the CubeSat standard is simplicity, followed such as the fi rst American spacecraft, standardisation and conformity. The base unit of a Explorer-1, were the reserve of elite, well-funded CubeSat is a 10cm cube, termed ‘1U’ or ‘1 unit’. The national programmes. Today, despite the increased CubeSat is traditionally scalable along a single axis accessibility of space from those early days, this in units of 1U, hence a 3U CubeSat like UKube-1 is perception of the ‘typical’ spacecraft persists as a, approximately the size of a box for a whisky bottle; typically bespoke, tens to hundreds of millions of 30 × 10 × 10cm. Today, this traditional single-axis pounds development over a number of years by scalability is possible in units of less than 1U while
22 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Three nanosatellites Cubesats are deployed from a Small
NASA Satellite Orbital Deployer (SSOD) attached to the Kibo laboratory’s robotic arm on the International Space Station on 19 November, 2013.
also extending into a second, or even third, axis with the development of 6U and even 12U CubeSat concepts. Inside a CubeSat is, typically, a stack of PC/104 cards, each card contributing a spacecraft sub- system, as shown in the photo below. These PC/104 cards are part of the CubeSat standard, allowing developers to in effect, ‘mix and match’ cards from Amsat-UK different suppliers without the traditional integration FUNcube-2 on UKube engineering model stack. issues. A further example of this standardisation is in-orbit deployment. CubeSats are deployed Wallops Flight Facility (a then record number of from a mechanism called a Pico-satellite Orbital spacecraft on-board a single launch vehicle); three Deployer (POD), this standardisation of the launcher/ from the Kibo laboratory of the International Space spacecraft interface signifi cantly reduces the cost Station; and 21 on board a Dnepr rocket from Yasny and effort typically required to mate a piggyback in Russia, setting a new record of 32 spacecraft on spacecraft to its launcher, while also de-risking. a single launch vehicle. These payloads from the launcher perspective Among the CubeSats on-board the Minotaur as alternative CubeSats, or mass-dummies can be rocket was TJ3Sat from ‘Thomas Jefferson High sourced at short-notice and fl own with relative ease. School for Science and Technology’ in Virginia, USA, The fi rst CubeSats were launched in June 2003 into the fi rst spacecraft designed, built and fl own by a Sun-synchronous orbit on-board a Eurockot from school pupils, and PhoneSat 2.4 from NASA which Plesetsk, Russia; these CubeSats were from Denmark makes the claim to be ‘the fi rst use of a phone as (two), Japan (two), Canada and the US. Since then, control system for a satellite’. Note, however, that innumerable CubeSats have been launched including this is not the fi rst time a phone has been used on- the three 1U CubeSats shown on left. board a CubeSat, as the Surrey Space Centre and The growth in CubeSat developments and SSTL used a phone on-board its STRaND-1 3U launches has been dramatic. In 2013, over 90 CubeSat as a secondary computer to a CubeSats were launched (2), and between 19-21 ‘classic’ CubeSat computer. November alone, 52 CubeSats Meanwhile, on-board the Dnepr were launched: rocket were spacecraft with a UK 28 on-board interest, including the ‘Magic’ an Orbital mini-magnetometer from Imperial Sciences’ College London on-board Minotaur KHUSat-1 and -2, and the rocket from FUNcube-1 developed by NASA’s Amsat-UK. FUNcube-1 has the aim of increasing interest in radio, space, physics and electronics among schoolchildren. 30 × It carries a transponder that transmits signals that can be picked up 10 × using a simple USB dongle receiver and small aerial. It is of note 10cm that, although FUNcube-1 is a UK development, Size of a 3U CubeSat it is registered in The Netherlands due to the regulatory diffi culties in obtaining space licensing in the UK. FUNcube-2 will fl y on 90+ board UKube-1 and is illustrated above. No of CubeSats Above: A 1U CubeSat with PC/1-4 stack shown and an launched in 2013 integrated battery daughter board at the top. Clyde Space
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 23 Space Nanosatellites
UKube-1 sub-systems, launch services and even complete platform solutions. It is into this mass proliferation of CubeSats that UKube-1 is an example platform solution, while UKube-1 will shortly be launched on board a those offered by Clyde Space and ISIS for the Soyuz 2-1B rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome European Union FP7 project ‘QB50’, a network of in Kazakhstan, alongside ten other spacecraft, up to 50 CubeSats to study temporal and spatial including TechDemoSat-1 built by SSTL and variations in the lower thermosphere due for Russia’s fi rst ever private spacecraft, built by launch in 2015, are a further example. The Dauria Aerospace group and fully funded by National University of Singapore’s Centre for domestic Russian private capital. Quantum Technologies, rather than procure Clyde Space, based in Maryhill in the sub-systems and integrate these in-house Glasgow’s West End, built UKube-1 for the UK for perhaps one-third of the incurred cost, Space Agency, with multiple fl ight tests of low- in October 2013 placed a $200,000 order cost electronic systems and payloads on board. with Clyde Space for a QB50 platform solution In addition to FUNcube-2, payloads include: building on UKube-1 heritage(3). This is a clear TOPCAT, the fi rst GPS device aimed at measuring example of the incurred cost versus risk trade that plasmaspheric space weather; Janus, an experiment the CubeSat spectrum now enables. Orders such to demonstrate the feasibility of using cosmic as the NUS QB50 platform are thus attractive to radiation to improve the security of communications UKube-1 in the cleanroom at companies like Clyde Space and ISIS, however, it satellites, from Airbus Defence and Space; and, Clyde Space during fi nal fl ight remains to be seen whether this platform market a CMOS Imager Demonstrator from the Centre readiness testing. University of will mature beyond a niche within the CubeSat for Electronic Imaging at Open University and e2v Strathclyde ecosystem. Technologies deploying next generation sensors. The fi rst major CubeSat constellation, Flock Other UK companies involved include Bright 1, by the San Francisco start up Planet Labs, has Ascension (software) and Steepest Ascent, now already launched four 3U CubeSats. The fi rst two of part of MathWorks (mission interface computer). which, Dove-1 and -2, were launched on 21 and 19 UKube-1, Clyde Space’s fi rst in-house April 2013; note that at that time Planet Labs was platform development, emerged from a Knowledge still operating in ‘stealth mode’ as Cosmogia and Transfer Partnership between Clyde Space and was not formally launched until 26 June 2013. An the Advanced Space Concepts Laboratory at the image from Dove-2 is shown opposite. University of Strathclyde, and is seen by the UK Dove-3 and -4, with increased performance Space Agency as a pathfi nder mission for the from -1 and -2 and targeting a ground resolution of Agency’s proposed national CubeSat programme three to fi ve metres, were launched on the record which would see a mission launched every 12- breaking Dnepr rocket previously mentioned; early 24 months. The UK Space Agency envisage images from Dove-3 were available on the a national CubeSat programme increasing Planet Labs twitter feed (@planetlabs) at the UK’s ability to market new space the time of writing. Twenty-eight further technologies while providing training spacecraft were shipped in November and research opportunities for the next to NASA Wallops, due for onward generation of engineers and scientists. transportation in December on-board the fi rst space station cargo fl ight by The next steps Orbital’s Antares rocket, with Flock-1 due for subsequent orbital deployment in Q1 2014.
In addition to the original ‘amateur’ or ‘educational’ A Flock-1 spacecraft prior At the time of writing that transportation fl ight had CubeSat rationale, a spectrum has emerged to shipping at Planet Labs. been pushed into early 2014 by the spacewalks to span a ‘professional’ rationale. Evidenced Planet Labs Inc necessitated by the failed valve within a pump by CubeSat developments such as STRaND-1 module on-board the space station. from SSTL, which had signifi cant input from Planet Labs, much like SpaceX before it, seeks the University of Surrey, and UKube-1 from to bring the mentality of Silicon Valley to the space Clyde Space, which has a range of academic sector, and aims to operate the largest Earth involvement, through to CubeSats from the US Air observation constellation in the world, trading Force, NASA and Boeing. improved temporal resolution against spatial The CubeSat developer’s spectrum now spans resolution. The spatial resolution of less than 5 high schools to professional engineers and space metres (at 400km altitude) improves or matches agencies, with a directly related spectrum of signifi cantly larger platforms such as UK-DMC 2 increased (staff) costs and, it must be expected, (22 metres at 660km altitude) and RapidEye (5 reduced risk/increased performance. Similarly, metres at 630km). However, this resolution is less companies such as Pumpkin, Innovative Solutions than newer spacecraft, such as those of Skybox In Space (ISIS) and Clyde Space have emerged to Imaging (SkySat-1 and -2) and the in-development service this complete spectrum of developers with UK-DMC-3, both providing 1m imagery.
24 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 The reduction in altitude of Flock-1 partly enables the improved performance over the fi ve- year old UK-DMC-2, however, this reduction also gives a reduction in service lifetime due to increased atmospheric drag. Yet, as Planet Labs point out, this trade necessitates the more frequent upgrade of the relatively low unit cost devices, much like our approach to consumer electronics, enabling the system to benefi t from the most advanced available technology at any given time. That a start-up like Planet Labs, albeit founded by ex-NASA employees, can undertake development of 32 spacecraft with $13m of venture
capital funding does question the likelihood of the Planet Labs Inc CubeSat platform market maturing beyond a niche. An image from the Dove-2 CubeSat on 1 May 2013. However, perhaps most eye opening is the ability of Planet Labs, alongside other start-ups like Skybox Imaging, to access such signifi cant quantities of In parallel to this, the UK Space Agency, through venture capital. its Space Collaborative Innovation Team Initiative (Space CITI) pilot programme, is funding the Future developments UKLaunch consortium to study the technical and economic feasibility of a UK-based small satellite While the vast majority of current Earth orbiting launcher (see ‘Reaching for the Stars’ by Adam LAUNCHING CubeSat efforts are limited to observation of Baker, AEROSPACE, September 2013, pp 36-40). CUBESATS IS Earth or some in-situ phenomenon (as in the Other work is progressing to further enhance case of QB50), technology demonstration and the capabilities of these small spacecraft through, BECOMING science research is underway into their use as for example, the addition of deployable structures A FRAUGHT communication platforms and navigation systems, and propulsion systems using, for example, ionic ISSUE. THE among other things. liquid(4) or xenon, iodine or water(5). In fact, the TRADITIONAL Meanwhile, launching CubeSats is becoming potential applications for CubeSats span as wide as a fraught issue. The traditional CubeSat secondary for traditional satellites, with interest even extending CUBESAT payload approach is falling out of favour with some to interplanetary travel and exploration. An annual SECONDARY primary payloads and consequently some launch workshop(6) on the subject plays host to enabling PAYLOAD providers have discontinued the use of secondary technologies and applications from advanced APPROACH IS payloads altogether. Meanwhile, rockets such as autonomous sensor systems to lunar penetrators, the Dnepr or Minotaur are incurring organisational indicating that CubeSats of the future could be FALLING OUT OF diffi culties in co-ordinating so many small spacecraft, escaping the clutch of Earth’s gravity fi eld. However, FAVOUR . . . and their teams. Furthermore, in the US NASA’s the potential progression of CubeSats beyond the CubeSat launch initiative has been so successful that low-Earth orbit environment does raise potentially it is now struggling to fi nd launch opportunities for all uncomfortable space debris and planetary protection the CubeSats it has spurred. issues that will need to be addressed (see ‘Space In August 2013 NASA announced its Launch Debris: the Legal Issues’ by Joanne Wheeler, Services Enabling eXploration & Technology (NEXT) AEROSPACE, January 2014, pp14-17). programme/competition to accelerate development of very small launch vehicles (VSLVs). This programme *Associate Director of the Advanced Space hopes to encourage the development of a launch Concepts Laboratory, vehicle capable of putting three 3U CubeSats with a **EPSRC iCASE PhD student at the University of combined mass of 15kg into Sun-synchronous orbit Strathclyde, working with Clyde Space to develop with an altitude of greater than 425km, with a payment through-life CubeSat design, modelling and of $300,000 per 3U CubeSat carried. simulation methodologies.
REFERENCES 1. Heidt, H., Puig-Suari, J., Moore, A., Nakasuka, S. and Twiggs, R. CubeSat: A New Generation of Picosatellite for Education and Industry Low-Cost Space Experimentation, , 2000, AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Utah State University, Logan, US. 2. Launches 2013, http://www.satelliteonthenet.co.uk/index.php/2013 (cited 13 December 2013). 3. Lift-off for sales at Clyde Space as Scotland’s fi rst satellite is shipped for launch, http://www.clyde-space.com/news/382_lift-off-for-sales-at-clyde- space-as-scotland-s-fi rst-satellite-is-shipped-for-launch (cited 13 December 2013). 4. Ion Electrospray Propulsion System (iEPS) for CubeSat Satellites, http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/labs/spl/research_ieps.htm (cited 13 December 2013). 5. CubeSat Ambipolar Thruster, http://pepl.engin.umich.edu/thrusters/CAT.html (cited 13 December 2013). 6. http://icubesat.org
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 25 Cybersecurity CyberRisks and challenges for aviation -security and aviation Shared services, in-fl ight connectivity, and virtual collaboration are bringing new dangers to the aerospace sector from hackers. ANGUS BATEY reports.
f all the challenges facing the aerospace industry, cybersecurity may be the most complicated. The advent Oof wirelessly networked computing offers huge potential gains to regulatory and airspace-operating bodies, airframe manufacturers, users of military aircraft (both on the ground and in the air) and to civilian airlines and their passengers — but each new opportunity brings a set of new risks. Just as in any other walk of life, networked computer systems are now integral to the day-to-day functioning of every aspect of aviation. On-board systems pass data to and from ground terminals during an aircraft’s fl ight, so the potential for a hostile actor to take control of an aircraft in fl ight and how best to work together to mitigate it. And may not be entirely in the realms of science fi ction. an industry that has always had safety to the fore Disruption of computer systems handling the control is having to come to terms with the realisation that of traffi c in increasingly busy airspace could have the measures that have served it well for a century catastrophic consequences. And the complicated may no longer be suffi cient to guard against a new and lengthy industrial supply chains that are the generation of threats. norm in the aviation business rely on the public Internet to transfer fi nancial, administrative and A question of trust design information, each link in the chain introducing new opportunities for attackers to steal intellectual “The aviation industry has generally relied a lot more property or commercially sensitive information. upon trust mechanisms, so I think it's The aviation community understands and probably slightly behind the curve,” says James recognises these problems just as thoroughly as Wootton, Technical Director of data-security consult- any other sector but the methods employed by ants Information Risk Management plc. “The biggest other businesses to safeguard their information- challenge, I think, is that this trust that the aviation technology systems may not always work in an industry has always had on its own ability to aerospace context. Businesses and government are manually check things has slightly left it behind.” still coming to terms with the nature of the threat, Perhaps the most obvious example of AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014
will say, ‘That doesn't make sense, let me check’.” “It's almost like the fi rst, bad old days of the Internet, where everyone assumed that, because it came from academia, that it didn't really need any controls around it,” says Wootton. “Everyone was a good guy — that was taken as read. And then it got pushed out beyond that little circle of friends in various research laboratories and universities: you started to have bad people, and bad people do what bad people do, and exploited it. Now you’ve got exactly the same analogy within the aviation industry. You trust the pilots, you trust your ATC, you trust your engineers and your back-end systems, and you trust your execs to go away and do their thing. And none of it's joined up.”
The Advanced Persistent Threat
Just as in any other type of defence or security activity, the fi rst job for information-assurance practitioners is to gather as much data as possible about potential and actual threats. This is a considerable task, as possible attacks may come not just to key mission-critical systems but to every computer in an organisation that has any connection at all with the outside world. “In the broadest sense, cyber security is a way of actually understanding what threats are out there that we want to protect ourselves against, what the risks are that we have in doing business, and then what mitigations we have in place and want to put in place in the future to minimise them,” explains Gavin Walker, Chief Information Offi cer of National Air Traffi c Services (NATS), the UK’s principal air navigation services provider. "We have operational systems we use which are, by and large, bespoke — but my remit is across the whole business, so that includes the normal business applications and the TODAY, THE back-offi ce type stuff.” CHALLENGE Over the past decade, fundamental attitudes towards cyber-security postures across a range of IS... LESS ABOUT business sectors have fi rst been challenged, then KEEPING aviation’s reliance on trust mechanisms is found changed. Conventional defences involved the digital ATTACKERS in the role of the pilot. The best form of defence equivalents of high walls, deep ditches and sentries OUT, THAN against the sort of worst-case scenario a writer of facing out, scanning the horizon for incoming science fi ction might be able to conjure — say, a threats. But the growing sophistication of targeted RECOGNISING terrorist with a laptop taking remote control of an cyber attacks — the so-called Advanced Persistent THAT WHEN airliner during fl ight — is provided by the skilled Threat-type of breach, where an adversary manages THEY DO aviator on board, and in their ability to manually to fi nd a hidden back-door into information override automated fl ight-control systems. systems and spends a long time undetected inside GET IN.. THAT “Most communications with air-traffi c control the network, gathering information or planting THEY'RE NOT on a manned fl ight is VHF,” explains Gary Clayton, seeds of sabotage — means this paradigm is no ABLE TO LEAVE an unmanned air systems expert at Airbus Defence longer effective. Today, the challenge is generally WITH ANY and Space. “There’s some data communications considered to be less about keeping attackers with the aircraft and, in oceanic situations there out, than recognising that, when they do get in USEFUL OR are satellite communications. At the moment those — because this will inevitably happen, if it hasn’t IMPORTANT don’t have any cyber protection on them but you’ve already — that they’re not able to leave with any INFORMATION, got a very intelligent human being sat between the useful or important information, or do any damage OR DO ANY controls and the incoming data deciding what to do. to the computer systems or any physical machinery So [in the event of a rogue instruction arriving] he they control. DAMAGE @aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 27 Cybersecurity Risks and challenges for aviation
elsewhere in the chain can help strengthen defences: but this information has to be shared quietly. Just as a military unit does not want an adversary to know it is under surveillance, so a cyber-security team will not want to alert a threat actor that their moves are being monitored. Profi t- making companies, with shareholders to keep happy and reputational issues to consider, have other reasons for carefully handling data-breach information.
NATS Enter the DCPP
“We’ve got to operate as an organisation Ad-hoc networks — sometimes as informal as knowing that we’re in a constant state of individuals at senior roles in different companies Threat vector compromise, rather than thinking that it's all choosing to phone friends in similar jobs to notify — cybersecurity secure,” agrees Walker. “But what we want to do them of a newly discovered threat — have existed means an is to recognise that we’re in a constant state of for years. But, following publication of the UK’s compromise but ensure the impact will be minimal Cyber Security Strategy by the Cabinet Offi ce in awareness on the business. That's a different mindset to be 2011, some more formalised information-sharing of backoffi ce in. It has to be a consideration for everybody in the networks were established in several areas with and support organisation, not just a small number of people.” key signifi cance for critical national infrastructure. vulnerability — as That work has helped inform further developments, The all-sharing Facebook generation one of which — the Defence Cyber Protection well as operational Partnership — involves a number of entities active in systems Encouraging a security-focused attitude in a the aviation industry. large and diverse workforce therefore becomes “What came fi rst was a recognition by the major a priority. This is a particular challenge for today’s players in the sector that they were experiencing businesses, as more and more staff are recruited similar things, and also a recognition that this from the ‘digital native’ generation, who are used to wasn't a problem that either government or industry publishing an abundance of personal information would make adequate headway with on their own,” on social media, and to many of whom the most explains Vic Leverett, Business Development important thing is sharing information, not checking Director of Finmeccanica UK, and chair of the beforehand to make sure it will only be made DCPP, in the fi rst interview given by any of the available to trusted recipients. organisation’s principals since it was created in “One of the things we try to do is make the February 2013. connection between home life and work life,” “If there could be a forum whereby industry Walker explains. “You should be secure with your and government could work together, then the information in your home life, because you don’t whole would be greater than the sum of the parts,” want anybody stealing money out of your bank he continues, “both in terms of the nature and account: so if you think about information in NATS, the quality of information shared, the mitigation you don’t want the same thing to happen. I think it’s techniques and, in particular, the ability to protect about understanding the value of the information. If the supply chain in the defence sector. More or you can make that clear, and people understand the less from the beginning, the focus of attention impact of what that information is, then they won’t or was on three subject areas: our ability to share will share it.” information in a secure way, our ability to work with the government to help establish a set of cyber The supply chain — a weak link? standards, and to raise the awareness of, and therefore subsequently protect better, the supply One set of information that does need to be shared chain.” is intelligence about cyber threats. In today’s The DCPP includes representatives of 12 interlinked business world, a supply chain’s security defence-industry companies — among them may depend on the temp-agency staffer handling aerospace giants BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce reception duties in a sub-systems supplier and and Lockheed Martin, but also including BT from whether or not they know not to click on a link the telecoms industry and Hewlett Packard from in what may appear to be a genuine email from the information-technology sector — alongside a trusted colleague. Knowing that a particular members from the Ministry of Defence, the attempt to compromise security has been detected signals-intelligence agency GCHQ, the Centre for
28 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 MoD
the Protection of National Infrastructure and the is on board an aircraft itself. in unmanned aviation, Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The that challenge is much more pronounced. But it may aerospace trade association ADS and its equivalent be that the unmanned sector’s necessary work on in the IT sector, Tech UK (formerly Intellect), are also securing data transmissions between airframes and represented. their remote pilots will point the way forward for the whole industry. Raising the security level “In the unmanned world, of course, you don’t have that very intelligent person interpreting every “Our primary motive is to raise the overall security message actually on the aircraft,” Clayton says. level of the sector,” Leverett emphasises of the “So the security of the communications is actually DCPP, which has no funding from government. “This quite a large security issue. At the same time, group does not exist specifi cally to provide market coincidentally, you’ve got manned aircraft wanting KNOWING THAT opportunities for any of its members.” to be more data-enabled: they want to send and A PARTICULAR Leverett chairs a monthly executive group receive more data, they want to offer more customer meeting which steers working groups active in each services in the future. There's a number of areas ATTEMPT TO of the three areas identifi ed for attention, and says that the unmanned world is doing the research on, COMPROMISE each has made ‘signifi cant steps forward’ since that the manned world is starting to say, ‘Actually, SECURITY work began. Real-time sharing of threat information we can improve our safety by taking on those takes place through a DCPP node on the Cyber technologies’.” HAS BEEN Security Information Sharing Partnership, a system Clayton points to work done as part of the DETECTED established by the Cabinet Offi ce following pan-industry ASTRAEA programme as potentially ELSEWHERE publication of the Cyber Security Strategy. useful in helping manned aircraft achieve increased IN THE CHAIN The organisation has addressed the question of data-security standards. It’s a message that has how to ensure everyone in the supply chain receives been received well in what could have been unlikely CAN HELP a thorough grounding in the right kind of cyber- places. STRENGTHEN security mindset by producing a single supply-chain “The ASTRAEA team recently had a meeting DEFENCES: briefi ng. It is designed to “raise awareness and with the British Airline Pilots Association,” Clayton BUT THIS to indicate some of the fi rst steps that suppliers says. "We thought that was going to be like telling would need to take,” Leverett explains. “It can be turkeys about Christmas — but actually they were INFORMATION briefed by any of the DCPP members, or the trade very supportive because they could see how these HAS TO BE associations, but it is a common briefi ng — so different technologies would be able to help their SHARED suppliers, hopefully, will not get confused by having world. If a large aircraft has a system that can a different set of key messages from different prime automatically detect icing, can detect other things QUIETLY contractors and/or government.” in the environment with a sense-and-avoid system, can communicate securely and can have faster links Can UAVs help make manned because the aircraft is networked — that all helps aviation secure? the pilot.” Obviously, the magnitude of the challenge The one part of the aviation industry that cannot is reduced — an unmanned aircraft only has allow an acceptance that compromise is inevitable to communicate with a small number of other computers, not the entire Internet; and, while feeds from cameras and other on-board payloads may need to be distributed quite widely, those transmissions can be kept separate from the ASTRAEA command-and-control systems to maintain safe operations. But the need to achieve total security is a signifi cant piece of work. “It’s a lot harder than manned aviation,” says Clayton, “because when you close the door and you lock the pilot and co-pilot in, you’ve only got 300 adversaries. But if the pilot is in a bunker on the ground, there are lot more potential threats.”
ASTRAEA test of a robust, secure communication network. Could this have applications for manned aircraft operations? @aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com JUNE 2013 5 Defence Low-cost reconnaissance trainer
Scorpion’s1·4 hour maiden fl ight from McConnell AFB in Kansas on 12 December was piloted by Dan Hinson. FLIGHT OF THE The aircraft kept its landing gear lowered and fl ew at speeds between 120-200kt at altitudes between 10,000- SCORPION 15,000ft.
Is there a market for a new low-cost military jet in the current US defence market? BILL READ talks to Textron AirLand about the Scorpion fi ghter.
Scorpion: iven the current depressed state secret at Textron subsidiary Cessna’s plant in Wichita, of the US defence industry with Kansas, between April 2012 and September 2013. its ongoing saga of cancelled To create the aircraft, Textron AirLand was able to <$20m acquisition programmes and draw on a variety of expertise and skills already to buy sequestration cutbacks, the last present within the Textron group, which includes Gthing one might expect to see is the maiden Cessna (GA and biz-jets), Bell Helicopter (rotary fl ight of a new US-built fi ghter. Yet this is exactly wing) and AAI (unmanned systems). 450kt what happened on 12 December when a new “We’ve changed the business model by bringing cruise speed light attack/reconnaissance demonstrator called commercial practice to the military market,” Scorpion made its fi rst fl ight. What was even more explains Chief Engineer Dale Tutt. “We wanted to surprising was that Scorpion was not a product of use mature technology, so the Scorpion is based 1,360kg a mainstream defence manufacturer but was built on existing Cessna designs and other mature internal payload by Cessna — a company normally associated with off-the-shelf systems. The airframe and primary business jets and GA aircraft. A third surprise was structures are all of composite construction. It is the time taken to develop the aircraft — a mere 23 fi tted with Cobham avionics, while the engines months. However, when examined more closely, the are Honeywell TFE731 turbofans that have Scorpion programme begins to make more sense been proven on a number of other aircraft. The and could, in fact, be just the right aircraft that is ice protection and basic systems come from the needed for the present economic conditions. Citation business jet and the ejection seats are The Scorpion demonstrator was developed from Martin-Baker. The AirLand team was also by Textron AirLand — a joint venture between the able to draw on military engineering experience Textron group and investment company AirLand from Bell Helicopter and from colleagues who had Enterprises. The prototype aircraft was constructed in worked with other defence manufacturers.”
30 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 The two-seater Scorpion has a cruising speed of 450kt, an internal payload of up to 1,360kg and an Missions possible endurance of up to six hours. The wing is mounted above the fuselage and is fi tted with six hardpoints Textron AirLand is marketing the Scorpion to both US and international which can carry a variety of payloads, including customers as a potential platform for a wide range of different missions: intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) Airspace monitoring and control — equipment or missiles. “The two inboard points can Scorpion could identify both fast and slow- carry external fuel tanks to increase range and in- moving unauthorised aircraft and escort fl ight times,” explains Dale Tutt. “We can also fi t up them out of restricted areas. to 2,000lb of extra fuel inside the payload bay.”
Customised design
The unit price of a Scorpion has not yet been confi rmed but is expected to be less than $20m with direct operating costs of around $3,000 per Disaster response/humanitarian assistance hour. This compares with an estimated purchase — Scorpion could provide rapid data and price of $100m and hourly running costs of communication support for fi rst responders. $24,000-$32,000 for a frontline fi ghter, such as the Maritime security — Equipped with different Lockheed Martin F-35. sensor and communication packages, the When asked what was the rationale behind Scorpion could enable nations to record and investing in a military aircraft when western military affordably patrol their territorial waters. expenditure is being cut back, AirLand Vice President, Military & Government Programs, Bill Anderson has a clear objective. “We understand the constraints of current defence budgets” he explains. “Defence forces need to achieve more with less which is why the Scorpion is the right aircraft for Border security — National defence forces, today’s security environment. We’re not attempting customs and border protection agencies to compete with fi ghters such as the F-35 or F-22 could use Scorpion to perform wide-area surveillance with real-time monitoring of Textron AirLand Textron but there are still a wide variety of military and other select points of interest. missions carried out by US or overseas forces for Irregular warfare — Scorpion could provide which the Scorpion is ideally suited. It has more persistent surveillance, tactical command and endurance, speed and better capability than a light control services to co-ordinate command and attack propeller aircraft, as well as longer range. control agencies with local ground forces, It could be utilised for a wide variety of tasks, as well as delivering a wide range of guided including reconnaissance, light attack, ISR strike, weapons. close air support or as a training aircraft. We haven’t made a fi nal decision on all its potential uses yet, as it all depends what the customers want.” How would the Scorpion cope against an attack from a conventional jet fi ghter or a surface-to-air Counter narcotics — Scorpion could transmit missile? “It wouldn’t,” admits Bill Anderson. “The geographic location information to law enforcement or defence agencies to counter transnational Scorpion can manoeuvre up to 6Gs but it would be threats, as well as video records that meet the legal best if it wasn’t put in such a situation. However, it standards of international courts.
could be fi tted with countermeasures.” AirLand All images Textron
Unmanned option Testing the market
Many of the missions suggested for the Scorpion Scorpion is now beginning a two-year fl ight could also be achieved by UAVs and the question certifi cation programme with around 500 fl ight arises as to how a manned aircraft could compete in test hours planned over the next 12 months. If and terms of expense and endurance. Bill Anderson has when, orders for the Scorpion do come in, where the a surprising reply: “Actually, we are also working on aircraft might be built would be determined by the plans for an unmanned version of the Scorpion with a level of demand. “We have no plans for production different engine, longer wings and additional payload yet until we see what the market response is like,” in the cockpit. This would result in a heavier aircraft but explains Bill Anderson. “We could build the fi rst 15 one with greatly increased endurance. However, the aircraft here at Cessna,” adds Dale Tutt. “After that, UAV version would have to be a new build, as it’s not we will consider our options.” really practical to convert from the manned version.” All that is needed now are some customers ...
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 31 GENERAL AVIATION Dorna Aircraft
PPersianersian eeagleagle TIM ROBINSON reports on a unique Iranian general aviation manufacturer hoping to soar on winds of change.
hink ‘aerospace in Iran’ and your mind making his own aircraft since he was a teenager. might naturally turn to IIRAF F-14 Starting off in his own garage, he went on to Tomcats kept operational by reverse study aerospace engineering in the US and in the Tengineering. Perhaps, if you were more UK. Since then, Dorna has grown to become the uncharitable, you might think of last fi rst and only private joint stock general aviation year’s ‘stealth’ fi ghter roll-out as an example of a company in Iran. Building his enterprise up, mock-up that drew laughter from some quarters. Antesary’s Dorna, (which is purely focused on GA) However, what is no joke is that, with Iran’s new now holds Design Organization Approval Certifi cate leadership, there now appears to be the possibility (DOA), Type Certifi cate (TC) and Production of a signifi cant international reproachment with Approval Certifi cate (PA) qualifi cations for two GA FREE BIRD Iran. Though this is still early days, any agreement light aircraft — Blue Bird and Free Bird LSA. over restricting the country’s nuclear ambitions, Rather amazingly for a private aviation company 9·45m could potentially end Iran’s international isolation in Iran, Dorna also has a city-centre showroom WINGSPAN — leading to a infl ux of business and trade. Such in Tehran on the 23rd fl oor of a skyscraper — a breakthrough would be of interest to many with its latest aircraft design — the Free Bird aerospace companies looking for opportunities in displayed there. Head of Marketing and Business 390kg this previously closed market. Development at Dorna, Sajad Entesari is coy about EMPTY WEIGHT One company looking from the inside out how the aircraft was got up to its high perch, saying; and hoping to benefi t from the changed political “it was a hard task”, but did reveal the display model situation is Iran’s Dorna Aircraft — a small company lacks a engine. 120kt of 45 staff focusing on light aircraft — which is now MAX SPEED hoping that any future end to sanctions could help Free Bird and Blue Bird its light aircraft designs fl y free. Dorna’s fi rst product was the Blue Bird which fi rst Dorna Aircraft fl ew in 1999 and is a two seat light single-engine 650nm aircraft in EASA's cs-VLA (Very Light Aircraft) RANGE Dorna Aircraft, based in Tehran, was founded in category with a fi xed tricycle undercarriage. Aimed 1988 by Yaghoub Antesary, who had dreamed of at fl ight training schools, the company has already
32 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Head of Marketing and Business Development, Sajad Entesari was responsible fror the Free Bird's image revamp with metallic-style paint and new interior ready for the international LSA market.
delivered 23 Blue Birds to customers. three or four years.” The Free Bird, for example, Meanwhile, Dorna’s latest design, the fully still lacks LSA certifi cation because a bilateral composite Free Bird is a two-place light sport agreement between the FAA and the Iranian civil aircraft (LSA) powered by a four-stroke Rotax aviation organisation would be needed. However, 100hp engine using unleaded fuel. Development Dorna has already reached out to regulators to of the Free Bird started in 2010, with its maiden discuss how the process could be started. fl ight taking place in 2012. Serious marketing of the Should Iran come in from the cold, then the aircraft, however, began in the middle of 2013, with company is already on the lookout for foreign
three Free Birds sold so far. However, Entersari says investors and partners for its products — with the Dorna Aircraft that “demand is increasing. It has smooth and stable aim of a production line for the aircraft outside Iran. Free Bird fl ying in its older fl ying characteristics that make it good and safe Explains Entesari: “We are looking for investors colour scheme. It fi rst fl ew for training and fun for personal and sport use. All for a new company or assembly line in Europe or in 2012. of these can be provide at a lower cost than other America. This is our fi rst priority for the Free Bird competitors." project.” Interestingly, it has been designed and For exports, Dorna sees the Middle East region, constructed to US ASTM standards for Light Sport with countries like Turkey and the UAE as a key Aircraft. Additionally, the fl ight manuals and all initial market for the aircraft. supporting technical documentation are written Entesari therefore sees a bright future for to US ATA100 standards for techincal writing. For Dorna. “We are very optimistic with this new political enhanced safety, the aircraft is also capable of approach and in future we may be able to cut being equipped with a ballistic parachute and an the price of the aircraft further.” He notes: “If we emergency locator transmitter. could produce the Free Bird in another country, Says Entesari of the company’s two products: the price of it with a Garmin glass cockpit could “Blue Bird customers are usually fl ight training be around $128,000” (compared to the $125,500 schools but the Free Bird is more interesting for (€92,500)) baseline model now. Dorna points to private users or the young generation because the competiveness of the Free Bird, some $11,000 it has a reasonable price.” The aircraft retails for cheaper in list price than rival designs.
Dorna Aircraft €92,500. He notes of the GA sector in Iran: “Here there Setting the birds free? are some fl ight training schools and they have been active for many years. But recently, some air taxi So will high-level international political agreement and fl ying clubs have opened up, so GA is on a allow Dorna to fl y free? Sajad Entesari is growing and progressive path.” enthusiastic about sharing the dream of fl ight with as many as possible. “Our goal is to spread the Coming in from the cold use of general aviation and we think LSA is good category because it satisfi es standards and keeps The company, is eagerly following international the price low.” There still may be a long way to go political developments that could open up a far — but it is possible that the Free Bird could become wider market to its rugged, light aircraft. Says Sajad Iran's fi rst civil aviation export success. Entesari of Iran’s international isolation: “Most Interior of the Free Bird. The interior and exterior has taken cues importantly we lost the world market for at least from luxury car styling and Dorna say the exterior colour scheme can be painted to the customer’s requirements
THERE IS A GAP BETWEEN A GOOD TRAINER AND A GOOD MANOEUVRABLE AIRCRAFT AND FREE BIRD CAN FILL THIS GAP
Sajad Entersari Head of Marketing and Business Development Dorna Aircraft
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 33 SPACE UK Space Innovation and Growth Strategy
Lift-off Reaction Engines for UK Space The UK space industry has recently set out details of how it aims to capture a 10% share of the global market by 2030, creating 100,000 new jobs. RAeS Space Group member, GEOFF BUSSWELL MRAeS outlines the recommendations, from a UK spaceport to expanded space applications.
he landscape of the UK space sector has - The Satellite Applications Catapult, a not- been through an exciting evolution over for-profi t organisation dedicated to the the past few years, building on the strong commercialisation of cutting-edge technology and Tgrowth since the turn of the century (see R&D relevant to the space sector, also located at Fig. 1 opposite). In 2010 an industry- Harwell. led 20-year vision was set out with the target of capturing a 10% share of the global space economy The new, updated vision published by industry by 2030, creating 100,000 new jobs. This would takes account of the new entities and investments grow revenues from the £6·6bn achieved in 2007 now in place and identifi es fi ve high value market to £40bn in 2030. The published recommendations opportunity areas to meet the 2030 growth targets. in that vision have resulted in signifi cant steps Five recommendations have been made which are forward, with the entities created including: designed to lower the barriers to opening up these markets. The markets and barriers are shown in the Can Reaction - A UK Space Agency now responsible for all Fig. 2 right. Engines’ Skylon national civil space policy. The new vision also breaks down the £40bn spaceplane help - A new European Space Agency (ESA) Centre at target (and the ~£9bn achieved in 2011) in two Harwell called ECSAT focusing on Applications, independent ways; 1.) upstream/downstream; 2.) power a new era in Climate & Robotics. domestic/exports (see Fig. 3) UK space?
34 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Figure 1. In the period 2000-2011 an average 8·5% growth has been achieved in the UK space sector each year. To achieve the £40bn target, the new UK Space Strategy aims to sustain this strong economic performance with 8·1% growth in the period 2011-2030. The strategy also provides an interim target of an 8% global market share by 2020, equivalent to £19bn turnover.
The most ambitious growth is sought in downstream and exports, with targeted ~4·5-fold and 12-fold increases respectively!
Market analysis
The market analysis performed as a precursor to the strategy identifi ed the impact that space services can have on real-world problems, stimulating economic growth and providing environmental and Growth Strategy 2014 Innovation societal benefi ts. The fi gure below shows the fi ve key market segments that have been identifi ed. US GPS system, including the Public Regulated These are broken down into further focus areas, Service (PRS). PRS provides anti-spoofi ng with 15 of these (shown in red text) identifi ed as capability, encryption and better resilience to high growth — each forecast to exceed £1bn of jamming for government agencies and emergency potential UK revenues by 2030. services using sensitive and secure applications. A selection of the areas where high growth UK companies like CGI are helping the European is forecast is briefl y outlined below, providing an Commission (EC) to build the secure systems insight into how space impacts our lives through involved with PRS, and the UK as a whole (via the remote sensing and satellite communications & Satellite Applications Catapult and others) is taking navigation. a lead in stimulating user uptake of the service. Specifi c applications could involve those in defence, Maritime surveillance law enforcement, intelligence gathering, maritime safety, peace keeping operations or humanitarian A new generation of European and UK radar intervention. satellites, such as Sentinel 1 and NovaSAR-S, would enable much more frequent observations Low-cost access to space of shipping, ice and other maritime objects of interest during both day and night, including during Virgin Galactic is leading the way in terms of heavy cloud cover conditions (often common in commercial suborbital spacefl ights for tourists UK waters!). Also, signals transmitted from ship- with SpaceShipTwo operations likely to begin in borne automatic identifi cation systems (AIS), which 2014. Virgin is also in the process of developing are received by satellite, will continue to allow the LauncherOne system, which is aimed squarely authorities to track the movement of all ships above at changing the paradigm of small satellite 300 tonnes. There is strong British involvement in development. LauncherOne should enable the build and assembly of such satellites, e.g. from UK companies like Clyde Space and Surrey Surrey Satellites. There is ongoing R&D which could Satellites to launch when they want at a price enable a particularly interesting application where that, Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides told the AIS data is correlated with radar observations. AEROSPACE: “promises to be the lowest in the This would allow possible detection of pirate activity industry.” The future of a UK-developed spaceplane as the radar satellites can still observe the ship in looks brighter with recent news of the government’s question, even if the criminals have turned off the £60m investment into the game-changing SABRE AIS device. technology being developed by the UK’s Reaction Engines. SABRE is an air-breathing rocket SPACEPORTS Galileo public regulated service propulsion system and the cornerstone of its Skylon AND spaceplane concept which could reduce launch Gailleo is Europe’s new satellite navigation system costs by 80%. SPACEFLIGHT incorporating several added value features over the OPERATIONS
Figure 2. Barriers and opportunities. Persistent surveillance CAN BE A SIGNIFICANT This game-changing technology would allow much more frequent observations of any location on the CATALYST FOR planet from satellites. A constellation of three or ECONOMIC, more satellites in geostationary orbit would provide SCIENTIFIC, continuous coverage of much of the Earth but each AND TOURISM satellite would require an extremely large mirror (~8m) to achieve sub metre resolution. Another GROWTH option is a constellation of ~50 satellites in low- Earth orbit allowing any target on the planet to be George Whitesides observable by at least one satellite. Cloud cover CEO, Virgin Galactic Innovation Growth Strategy 2014 Innovation
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 35 SPACE UK Space Innovation and Growth Strategy
could be an obstacle to continuous observations in optical bands and therefore a pragmatic solution could be a combination of multi-spectral optical and radar satellites to enable all weather and day/ IN 2012 THE night observations. Such capability is expected to UK INCREASED open up a wealth of new applications using satellite ITS FUNDING data in areas such as security and defence, border monitoring, traffi c congestion, disaster response FOR ESA BY and rising fl ash fl ood water levels. There are already 25% WHILE exciting plans from innovative startups, like Planet MANY OTHER Labs and Skybox Imaging for new Earth observation satellite constellations. provides an important export opportunity for the ESA MEMBER UK, with organisations like the National Physical STATES WERE Climate applications Laboratory bringing world renowned expertise. REDUCING THEIRS ESA’s Climate Change Initiative is using satellites to Rail transport measure critical variables that govern the dynamics of the Earth system. Such variables include sea Train location is mostly derived by technology that levels and temperature and the prevalence of sea only locates trains to a section of the track. By using ice at northern latitudes (ocean); land cover and satellite navigation and communications, every soil moisture (land); prevalence of aerosols and individual train could potentially transmit an accurate ozone (atmosphere). While new data streams will location, transforming the way that railways operate signifi cantly aid scientifi c understanding, a new by increasing their capacity without laying new track. generation of climate-based services that use this Also, the ability to measure ground subsidence data is also expected to be developed by business. and forecast landslides can be exploited by using These could include information on the likelihood of satellite radar data and low-cost in situ movement freak waves for the oil and gas sector or verifi cation detectors (which know their position to within 1cm of Kyoto-2 treaty compliance for methane and from satellite navigation). Ultimately this means carbon dioxide emissions. Understanding the more frequent trains for passengers and better accuracy of the satellite observations is key and knowledge of potential train delays by the operators and infrastructure providers.
Figure 3. Revenue goals for UK space. Smart cities/urban services for local government
Satellite navigation/communication can enable more effi cient road and rail networks through cities, and high resolution optical imaging and spectroscopy can be used to determine optimal locations for green energy infrastructure. Also, remote sensing technology from satellites is improving to potentially allow the monitoring of land surface temperature and air quality, and satellite broadband can be used to augment terrestrial solutions to improve on-the-move access e.g. in trains. The Satellite Applications Catapult is already working with the Future Cities Catapult in the UK to investigate the use of space solutions in a new 21st century vision for Milton Keynes.
Broadband
The main broadband market is international, making this area an export target for UK companies like Inmarsat and Avanti Communications. In developing countries a reliable satellite broadband solution can totally transform a region and enable life-saving medical diagnosis through telemedicine; business to fl ourish through reliable e-connectivity; or training to
36 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Virgin Galactic’s LauncherOne will provide air-launched low-cost access to space.
2. Make the UK the best place to grow existing and new space business Barriers: Regulatory
For global space companies to want to locate, invest and grow their business in the UK, a business environment must exist which optimally promotes innovation enterprise and minimises the burden of regulation, particularly for SMEs and start- ups. The UK Space Agency will create a Space Virgin Galactic Virgin Regulation group to pursue the right balance staff in schools. Export potential is also seen within between processes and growth stimulation, and the increasing use of satellites for communications broadly address four areas: 1.) Outer Space Act on the move — by sea, in the air and on land. licenses which are required from any organisation launching an object into space; 2.) Spectrum Location-based services allocation agreements, needed for transmission of satellite communications; 3.) Satellite orbit Offerings like Google Glass are likely to be part of slots, which needs strong lobbying power from the evolving use of mobile phones, tablets, etc, with the UK on the global stage; 4.) Spaceplanes, as satellite navigation providing key enabling capability. current UK regulation treats any winged vehicle It is expected that such devices will provide as an aircraft, not at all suitable for the type of seamless access to information as well as taking experimental vehicles Virgin Galactic will operate. over many currently paper-bound functions such as This recommendation has grabbed many of the rail ticketing. The benefi ts to the community include headlines as it includes the ambition for the UK signifi cant increases in productivity and better social to create a spaceport by 2018. Virgin Galactic networking. CEO George Whitesides told AEROSPACE that: “spaceports and spacefl ight operations can be a The enabling recommendations signifi cant catalyst for economic, scientifi c and tourism growth. The space industry will benefi t from The fi ve recommendations of the new strategy commercial space regulation that enables safe, propose to set in place governance structures reliable, frequent and cost-effi cient space access.” aimed at breaking down the barriers to growth in the identifi ed market areas. Each recommendation 3. Increase the UK’s returns from Europe is summarised below with the relevant barriers Barriers: Financial, European partners identifi ed: In 2012 the UK increased its funding for ESA Wearable 1. Grow Space Enabled Markets by £30bn by 2030. by 25% while many other ESA member states computing Barriers: Take-up of space services; Export and were reducing theirs. This recommendation urges devices, such as International Government to continue to increase its ESA Google Glass, contributions, as well as create a European Space The space industry needs to become much more Engagement plan to ensure maximum growth is below, offer new outward focused and work in a targeted way with stimulated from the ESA spend in the UK. Greater opportunities for customers and end users from the priority market infl uence in key European bodies is also proposed location-based sectors to champion the use of space services. by seconding key staff from UK companies To this end the Satellite Applications Catapult will into ESA and the EC, and by securing more UK services. lead a series of marketing campaigns, supported by the UK Space Industry Trade Association (UKspace) and the UK Space Agency, with the fi rst campaign slated for September 2014. The UK will also double the investment in its National Space Applications Programme by 2015 and create a Climate Services Centre for Europe. The centre will ensure the exploitation of remote sensing data from both government and commercially funded satellites. However, this recommendation must go beyond “business as usual” and fully grapple with the barrier of inserting new technology (i.e. space) into end user business processes to achieve the downstream growth. Antonio Zugaldia/Wikipedia
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/ra www.aerosociety.com NOVEMBER 2013 23 SPACE UK Space Innovation Growth UK DMC2 DMCII
nationals in key ESA staff positions, including at Director level.
4. Grow space exports from £2bn to £25bn by 2030 Barriers: Exports & international, technology investment
The key message from this recommendation is to develop strategic national programmes in collaboration with other nations (so-called bilaterals) to complement ESA’s programmes. To co-ordinate and invest in such programmes to stimulate maximum economic benefi t, a National Space Growth Programme will be created which should draw on existing capability and make Severe fl ooding in the UK multi-year commitments to ensure proper planning saw London activate the seen as critical to achieving the £40bn target. The and continuity. It will also enable the UK to be International Charter: Space Satellite Applications Catapult will lead the provision much more agile should particularly high value and Natural Disasters to of a comprehensive ‘one-stop shop’; of measures access space imagery opportunities arise. It is recognised that space including satellite data from for SMEs, including access to fi nance, business science can contribute signifi cantly to the UK SSTL’s Disaster Monitoring management tools, skills, training and mentoring. strategy and a commitment has been made to Constellation (DMCii). However, it is recognised that 95% of all space launch three bilateral missions with nations where sector jobs will be far from the Catapult in Harwell the UK can develop future export opportunities. and therefore regional centres of excellence will Such projects have a strong history of ‘spin-out’ be created with Harwell acting as an interfacing benefi ts; for example technology designed to gateway. To ensure an adequate supply of skilled measure water vapour on Mars is now being used graduates, several initiatives are recommended to measure food production and industrial gas some of which have already begun. Highest profi le emissions. They also have the potential to capture a among these is a National Schools Challenge to new generation of skilled individuals into the sector. engage school children in the fl ight of Britain’s fi rst Some see this recommendation as an attempt to ESA astronaut, Major Tim Peake, to the ISS. The emulate China’s use of space programmes to win sceptics may see this as largely ‘business as usual’ major business deals in foreign countries, such as in with little to indicate that it will lead to a dramatic the oil and mineral extraction sectors. ESA astronaut-in- change in economic performance. training Major Tim 5. Stimulate a vibrant regional space SME sector Status and conclusions Barriers: Skills, fi nancial, Harwell & regions Peake is inspiring the younger The Government is planning a formal response to The dominant growth in the UK economy in general generation to the November 2013 strategy in this month with very is expected to come from about 15,000 small think about space positive feedback already received from Science & companies with current headcounts of 50-100 Universities Minister David Willets, who said there people. Space sector support for SMEs is therefore careers was much to admire in the new document and referred to it as: “forward-looking and ambitious.” This rhetoric has been backed up by action with the recent Autumn Budget Statement announcing signifi cant progress on recommendation 4, viz. £80m allocated over fi ve years for ‘bilaterals aimed at emerging space nations’ which should “help export prospects.” Outlining the plan is an important fi rst step but diffi cult challenges lie ahead in its management and delivery which still need to be addressed. Will the private sector make the investments to complement government’s increased spending on space? Who will lead the export drives that are forecast to provide most of the sought-after growth? The road ahead to 2030 should be an exciting time for the UK space sector as it attempts to tackle these issues and make a major impact on the global stage. UK Space
6 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Careers Recruitment fair
Careers in Aerospace LIVE 2014 date: Friday 7 ROSALIND AZOUZI reports on the success of the RAeS November
Careers in Aerospace LIVE event on 8 November 2013. Royal Aeronautical Society, No.4 Hamilton Place, fter 2012, it didn’t seem possible London W1J 7BQ. that Careers in Aerospace LIVE, the Society’s annual recruitment fair, Exhibitor bookings open could get any bigger but 2013 proved from 1 February 2014 A but previous exhibitors otherwise! While many employers can put stands on have expressed concern about the declining hold throughout interest in the sector, those who queued patiently January. Online visitor around Hamilton Place on a rainy day showed registration will be open there are many people committed to aerospace and from summer 2014. aviation careers and looking for opportunities. Entrance will again be free and open to the Visitor numbers for the day surpassed 800, public. Please note that coming from across the UK and overseas — even due to the increasing as far afi eld as South Africa — including college popularity of the event, and university students, graduates, apprenticeship a new booking system will be put into place seekers and experienced professionals making a and group bookings career move. Not only were visitor numbers higher must register in but once again exhibitors commented on the quality advance through the of attendees, showing more awareness and interest Careers team. email: in the sector than at many other recruitment fairs careers@aerosociety. they attend and a good balance between early and com middle careers. 2013 also saw the highest number of exhibitors to date with several new exhibitors and including many returnees from previous years. Rolls-Royce were the event’s fi rst Club Class sponsors and thanks to their support the event opened with a VIP and Exhibitor networking business breakfast with Chris Barkey, Engineering and Technology Director, Civil Large Engines, Rolls-Royce, providing a keynote speech which highlighted the huge support Rolls-Royce provides for career development at all levels throughout its UK sites.
In addition to the exhibition, a full programme of careers 2013 Exhibitors: Our thanks to the following talks, CV workshops employers and organisations: Club Class Sponsor: and company seminars Rolls-Royce. Business Class Sponsors: CTC accompanied the event Wings; EADS (Airbus) and EADS (Astrium) and (Rolls-Royce put on the Premium Economy exhibitors: Aeropeople, an additional session). AgustaWestland, Aircraft Research Association, Gapan also offered Atkins, Aviation Skills Partnership, Boeing UK, free pilot aptitude tests Cobham, Cranfi eld University, Danube University throughout the day and Krems, DESG – MoD, DSTL, Hutchinson Stop- impartial pilot training Choc, GKN Aerospace, Guild of Air Pilots and Air advice, and the RAeS Navigators, Lockheed Martin, LORD Corporation, Careers team were on Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group, MBDA, hand to provide speedy Safran Group, QinetiQ, Raytheon UK, Royal Navy, CV reviews for long- Royal Air Force, RAeS Flight Simulation Group, distance visitors. Strongfi eld Aviation and Talent Retention Solution.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 39 ANNUAL BANQUET
GUEST OF HONOUR: Supported by ACM SIR ANDREW PULFORD KCB CBE ADC RAF CHIEF OF THE AIR STAFF, ROYAL AIR FORCE
LONDON / 21 MAY 2014
The Royal Aeronautical Society Annual Banquet is established as Venue a key event in the social calendar of the aviation and aerospace The InterContinental London Park Lane, One Hamilton Place, London W1J 7QY, UK community. Programme Attracting high level industry attendance, it offers the ideal Reception: 7.15pm Dinner: 8.00pm opportunity for networking and corporate entertainment. Dress code The 2014 event will be held at The InterContinental London Dinner jacket and decorations Park Lane. Pre-dinner drinks will be served in the Park Lane Suite Private Receptions at No.4 Hamilton Place followed by a four-course dinner in the Ballroom, with fine wines, Book a private pre-dinner drinks reception at No.4 coffee and liqueurs included. Hamilton Place, historic home to the Royal Aeronautical Society. Located adjacent to The InterContinental London Park Lane, No.4 Hamilton Place offers a choice Individual tickets and corporate tables are available with of elegant rooms for your exclusive reception. Package discounted rates for RAeS Members and Corporate Partners. details are available on request.
TICKET PRICES: Enquiries to: Individual tickets Gail Ward RAeS Individual members: £145 + VAT per person (applicant and first guest only) Events Manager – Corporate & Society RAeS Corporate Partners: £188 + VAT per person Royal Aeronautical Society Non members: £208 + VAT per person No.4 Hamilton Place London W1J 7BQ, UK Corporate tables (to seat 10 guests): RAeS Corporate Partners: £1,880 + VAT per table Tel: +44 (0)1491 629 912 Non members: £2,080 + VAT per table Fax: +44 (0)870 4583 722 Email: [email protected] www.aerosociety.com/Banquet Afterburner www.aerosociety.com
Diary 3 February Cranwell Branch Whittle Lecture Keeping BBMF airworthy Richard Oldfi eld and Kev Ball
Spitfi re XVI TE311 of the RAF Battle of Britain Memorial Flight piloted by Wg Cdr ‘Godders’ Godfrey performs a hot start. Crown copyright/SAC Graham Taylor.
42 Message from RAeS 44 Book Reviews 52 Diary High-Flying Women, Transatlantic Betrayal and US Find out when and where around the world the - President Guided Missiles. latest aeronautical and aerospace lectures and “The Society is increasingly becomingly involved in events are happening. two major UK growth initiatives — the Aerospace 47 Library Additions Growth Partnership and the Defence Growth 54 Corporate Partners Partnership.” Books submitted to the National Aerospace Library. Two new members join the Society’s Corporate Partner Scheme. - Chief Executive 48 K G Wilkinson Papers on “January saw the start of our Corporate Partner Air Transport 55 Obituary programme of events with the half-day Corporate Icko Tenenbaum. Partner seminar, always an excellent opportunity to Last summer Roger Wilkinson presented his father’s receive briefi ngs on a range of topics in addition to papers to the NAL. Dr Kenneth Wilkinson had held the usual networking.” senior positions in BEA and Rolls-Royce, as well as 56 Elections being a Past-President of the Society. New Society members elected in the past month. 51 Honours, Medals & 57 102nd Wilbur & Orville Awards Wright Lecture A New Year resolution we can all share. Dr Tom Enders, CEO of Airbus Group, delivers a compelling message.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 41 Afterburner Message from RAeS OUR PRESIDENT
Jenny Body As I mentioned last month, my diary for the second half of my year as President includes a good number of Branch visits and I do hope to meet as many members as possible. As ever, the Branches play a crucial role in delivering Society activities at a local and regional level both in the UK and of course overseas and I am particularly looking forward to talking to members from both the Branch and Divisions during my forthcoming visit to the Singapore Air Show. The Society is increasingly becomingly involved in two major UK growth initiatives — the Aerospace Growth Partnership and the Defence Growth Partnership. These collaborations between AS EVER, THE Government and Industry have been set up to BRANCHES secure the future of the UK aerospace and defence Jenny Body was taken to the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft sectors respectively. A particular theme that we Schleißheim at Oberschleißheim during her visit to the Munich PLAY A Branch early in her Presidential year. CRUCIAL ROLE will be working on is ‘Skills’, with our existing activities and focus on the skills supply ‘pipeline’ IN DELIVERING being a key feature. As ever, it is pleasing to see our SOCIETY work being recognised at such a national level. ACTIVITIES AT Finally, I am delighted that the Royal Academy A LOCAL AND of Engineering has just nominated its fi rst female president — Prof Dame Ann Dowling, who is also REGIONAL a Fellow of this Society and I send her my LEVEL ... congratulations.
FAST MUSEUM Farnborough Air Sciences Trust gains National Museum status We are very Now in its tenth year, the Farnborough Air proud of this new Sciences Trust (FAST) Museum at Trenchard House on Farnborough Road, has been awarded the award which highest level of national recognition by the Arts will certainly Council as a fully accredited museum. This follows help future three years of preparation to meet the very high standards demanded under the national museums development. and galleries accreditation scheme, which is now It refl ects the administered by The Arts Council. Supported in enormous effort its application by the Science Museum, Rushmoor Borough Council and Hampshire County Council, that everyone the FAST Trustees have made signifi cant improve- has put in, week ments to the museum in recent years, while at the in and week same time carrying out major projects, including a new artefact storage building and the highly popular From left: Brian Luff, Museum Manager; Richard Gardner out, to ensure Cody Statue which is now in full public view on MRAeS, FAST Chairman and Dr Graham Rood FRAeS, FAST Secretary outside the museum. FAST. Farnborough’s Farnborough Road. The accreditation inspectors unique aviation looked in great detail at how the museum is its educational programme and at its future plans. heritage is managed, its viability, achievements in recording, Unusually for an all-volunteer organisation operating archiving and making available data held in its on such a scale the accreditation was achieved at safeguarded for collection, its procedures for keeping, lending and the fi rst attempt, rather than in stages, which is more the future exhibiting reports, historic images and artefacts, often the case.
42 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 OUR CHIEF EXECUTIVE
Simon C Luxmoore Following on from a most successful Wilbur and January saw the start of our Corporate Orville Wright Lecture and Dinner in December, Partner programme of events with the half-day we await the outcome of our planning application Corporate Partner seminar, always an excellent in support of our major project to enhance access opportunity to receive briefi ngs on a range of to, and refurbish, the Airbus Business Suite at topics in addition to the usual networking. We No.4 Hamilton Place. This is a complex matter have an excellent programme of Corporate since we are hoping to take the opportunity to Partner events planned throughout 2014 and I increase the facilities within the building, which would encourage all those eligible to attend to has somewhat hampered our ability when do so. seeking commercial hire opportunities, and We have redesigned the Society’s Handbook, also replace some of the air conditioning units bringing it in line with AEROSPACE and our which is required to be done by 2015. Airbus is redesigned Career Flightpath magazine. This funding this development for which we are all revamped Handbook is a useful ready reference most grateful, so we must hope that the planning for those who prefer to have something ‘on the applications are met with sympathy and that shelf’, and I would like to further congratulate all we are able to complete this very considerable those who have worked so hard during 2013 task while continuing with the normal day-to-day to bring these various publications to a new business of the Society. standard of excellence. The fi rst few weeks of the year are consumed In any dynamic organisation there is regular with preparing our year-end fi nancials. At organisational structure and staff change. The this stage, and without the full details, I can Society is no different and during the December advise that the Society has met the budgeted and January period we have seen a number of surplus, despite the fact that there has been our colleagues depart to be replaced by new underperformance in some areas, which was members to the team. To those who have left more than offset elsewhere, and the diffi cult us, on your behalf, I would like to propose a trading conditions which prevailed throughout vote of thanks for their contribution and wish 2013. That said, income from membership them well for the future. To our new colleagues, subscriptions has remained strong throughout most notably in the Conference & Events and the year with income from conferences Schools Build-a-Plane areas, welcome, and we exceeding their budget targets for 2013. look forward to working with you to build on the As a team, we spend many weeks preparing in success of previous teams here at the Society. great detail the annual budget and 18 months As previously reported, in collaboration with FRS later you refl ect on the reality and wonder, in in Paris and IAI in Rome, in September 2013, the some cases, what on earth you were thinking Society was awarded a European Space Agency about! Twas ever thus, as they say and, in spite contract to analyse the structure and operation of hosting, at short notice, the Downton Abbey of the satellite communications industry. The team (eagle-eyed members will have spotted the team has successfully delivered its fi rst milestone Argyll Room during the Christmas special) the report and is now beginning the second phase commercial hire market is very challenging. of the programme which entails a series of Sir Roger Bone, President of Boeing UK, interviews with companies and other agencies recently unveiled the refurbishment of the Bill in Europe and the US. The fi nal report will be Boeing Lecture Theatre at No.4 Hamilton Place. delivered to ESA in September. In due course, Apart from a complete redecoration of the and subject to permission from ESA, the Society MEMBERS ARE facility, new lighting, and upgraded audio visual hopes to publish a summary of the fi ndings. ENCOURAGED equipment, three new 80inch LED screens have Members are encouraged to consider offering been added to aid presentations. All those who nominations for next year’s Royal Aeronautical TO CONSIDER attend the Society’s lectures and conferences Society Honours, Medals and Awards. Anyone OFFERING at No.4 will benefi t from Boeing’s generous and can nominate and anyone can be nominated NOMINATIONS on-going investment in this facility. — either individual or team — as long as it’s felt FOR NEXT Professors Peter Bearman and Mike Graham that they deserve recognition by the Society for recently hosted a lunch for the Associate Editors their contribution, achievement or service to the YEAR’S ROYAL of The Aeronautical Journal. This is an annual art and science of aeronautics and aerospace. AERONAUTICAL event, and for those who are able to attend, it is The deadline for receipt of nominations for SOCIETY a small thank you to our Associate Editors for inclusion in the 2014 round is 31 March 2014 HONOURS, all the hard work they put in to supporting the and nomination forms are available on the production of this excellent publication, as well Society’s website. MEDALS AND as providing a brief opportunity for an exchange Finally, members will note that the deadline for AWARDS of views. their 2014 subscriptions is 31 March 2014.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 43 Afterburner Book Reviews HIGH-FLYING WOMEN
1. Madame La Baronne A World History of Female 1. 2. Raymonde de Laroche, 1882- Pilots 1919, the fi rst woman in the world to receive a pilot’s By A Pelletier aviators certifi cate. 2. Elizabeth ‘Bessie’ Coleman, 1892-1926, the Haynes Publishing, Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset fi rst female pilot of African BA22 7JJ, UK. 2012. 192pp. Illustrated. £25. ISBN American descent and 978-0-85733-257-8. the fi rst person of African American descent to hold an Alain Pelletier comments in his introduction that international pilot license. 3. Harriet Quimby, 1875- the man in the street would be hard pressed to 1912, was the fi rst woman name just three aviatrixes who have infl uenced the to gain a pilot’s license in the 3. 4. history of fl ying. Yet 70 or 80 years ago, names such US and the fi rst woman to fl y as Maryse Hilsz, Maryse Bastié, Amelia Earhart, across the English Channel. 4. Hélène Boucher, 1908- Jean Batten, Amy Johnson, Hélène Boucher and 1934, broke a number of Jacqueline Cochran were on the front pages of speed and altitude records. the leading newspapers. His mission in writing 5. Amy Johnson, 1903-1941, High-Flying Women was to retrieve them from was the fi rst woman pilot to fl y solo from England to Australia “the obscurity into which the passage of time has and twice broke the record for threatened to cast them.” London to Cape Town. It was an ambitious project, given that he was 6. Amelia Earhart, 1897- duty bound to research women pilots throughout the 1937, the fi rst woman to fl y solo across the Atlantic world and source the nearly 500 photographs, which Ocean. grace the book’s pages. As a result, it is a feast 5. 6. 7. Pauline Gower, 1910- for the eyes, equally a coffee table book and an 1947, left, and Jacqueline important addition to a researcher’s library. Naturally, Cochran, 1906-1980. Pauline established a joy-riding and it begins with the pioneers of powered fl ight and air taxi service in 1931 and works its way through categories such as the long- was head of the women’s distance fl yers, the fi ghting women and the icons. branch of the Air Transport There are also 50 detailed biographies, usually Auxiliary during WW2. Jacqueline broke many US of the most renowned of these courageous women. aviation records, was an It seems almost churlish to quibble with his choice, important contributor to the but there were several I had never heard of and, on formation of the wartime reading their achievements, would not have chosen Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) and Women them in preference to others who were much more 7. Airforce Service Pilots deserving of inclusion. Sheila Scott is notably missing (WASP) and was the fi rst from the biographies, despite setting hundreds of woman pilot to go supersonic. records, including being the fi rst pilot, male or female, 8. Jean Batten, 1909-1982, broke many aviation records to cross the North Pole in a light aircraft. in the 1930s, including Given that the book is jam packed with facts making the fi rst solo fl ight and information, including extensive tables in the from England to New appendices, it is not surprising there are some Zealand. factual errors. For example, Lynn Barton was not 9. Jacqueline Auriol, 1917- 2000, earned a military pilot Britain’s fi rst airline pilot — several others beat her license in 1950, then qualifi ed to it, including Yvonne Sintes, a Captain with Dan as one of the fi rst female Air. The articles can seem like a long list of dates test pilots. She was among and records, which are not made easier to read by 8. 9. the fi rst women to break the sound barrier and set fi ve the layout. world speed records. But none of that detracts from the fact that this RAeS (NAL) except 3 and 4. book achieves its author’s stated aim of putting hundreds of female aviators back in the spotlight. Bravo, M Pelletier — an heroic effort!
Clare Walker CRAeS Former Chairman, RAeS Women in Aviation and Aerospace Committee
44 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 TRANSATLANTIC BETRAYAL
The RB211 and the Demise of Rolls-Royce Ltd By A Porter
Amberley Publishing, The Hill, Merrywalks, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 4EP, UK. 2013. 157pp. Illustrated. £17.99. ISBN 978-1-44-560649-1.
This is a curious book, not least because the title gives the impression that Rolls-Royce no longer exists, whereas today it is Britain’s largest and most successful engineering company with a reputation for engineering excellence. The main thrust of the book is that Rolls-Royce and the RB211 were the losers in a ‘Faustian Pact’ (author’s phrase) between the Labour Government, with Harold Wilson as the main villain assisted by Wedgewood Benn, and the US administration to ensure that the UK Above: Cross-sectional were viewed favourably by the IMF from whom the drawing of the Rolls-Royce RB211 three-shaft turbofan Labour government required a huge loan. for the Lockheed TriStar. The fi rst two thirds of the book are a rather September 1968. disjointed run through the history of jet engine Right: A Rolls-Royce RB211 development in Britain up to the 1960s mostly in one of six newly-built test beds at Derby. April 1969. derived from already published books and available Far right: The fi rst production sales documents and adds nothing new of Rolls-Royce RB211 turbofans signifi cance. It is clear that the author, for whom no at Derby ready for delivery to CV is given, has a very limited technical ability. The Lockheed. February 1972. Below: Rolls-Royce RB211 errors or misunderstandings in this section are too during fl ight test on Vickers numerous to mention. Where he seeks to impress VC10, G-AXLR frequently throughout whereas the Conservative by quoting from a technical paper it is clear that the RAeS (NAL). administration, under which ‘The Demise of Rolls- equation he has extracted from it is wrongly written Royce Ltd’ actually occurred is never mentioned. and he has not the ability to recognise the error. Finally, the description of the contents on the The fi nal third of the book details the campaign back cover of the book include the statement to win orders for the RB211 in the US but it is “Andrew Porter tells the story of the RB211, the an extremely one-sided account referring almost history of its development and the political and exclusively to the DC-10 aircraft — very little economic factors that saw the company nearly mention is made of the Lockheed TriStar. Again die.” This is just not true — none of these items most of the information comes from magazine are covered in the book which in essence stops in articles and secondary reports — very little 1968 just when development of the engine and the from primary sources — and far too much is the associated problems leading to the demise of Rolls- author’s speculation with little supporting evidence. Royce Ltd in 1971 had just started. To illustrate the point Porter, in support of his This is a poorly written, technically incompetent, ‘Transatlantic Betrayal’, quotes from March/April extremely biased and incomplete account of a 1968 issues of Flight magazine on the choice of signifi cant story in British aviation history which the GE CF6 by United and American Airlines rather deserves much better treatment. Fortunately the than the RB211 in the DC-10, yet completely real story of the development of the RB211, its ignores a long article in the 4 April issue of the problems, including the politics and economic same magazine which loudly proclaims Rolls- factors has already been written by Phil Ruffl es who Royce’s “winning of the biggest single export order spent his entire career at Rolls-Royce, from junior by any section of British industry.” This was for 124 engineer to Director of Engineering, dealing with RB211-powered Lockheed TriStar aircraft; in the the RB211 and the various successful derivatives event Lockheed sold considerably more TriStars of it. It is due to be published by the Rolls-Royce than the version of the DC-10 for which the RB211 Heritage Trust. was suitable. Further evidence of bias is the fact Alec Collins that the Labour government is condemned FRAeS FIMechE
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 45 Afterburner Book Reviews US GUIDED MISSILES The defi nitive reference guide By B Yenne
Crecy Publishing, 1a Ringway Trading Estate, Shawdowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH, UK. 2012. 254pp. Illustrated. £22.95. ISBN 978-0- 85979-162-5.
Since WW2, most major post-war guided missile programmes in the USA have received the ‘M for Missile’ designation in the nomenclature system introduced in 1963. The M designator was mainly assigned to programmes begun before 1963 but still active. These included some inactive programmes, and all USA programmes since. There are 175 designations described in the main body of this book, starting with the MGM Matador and fi nishing with the MQM-175 (EADS Do-DT45) aerial target vehicle. It also includes some UAVs, notably the BQM-147 Dragon Drone and the PQM-149 UAV-SR, but not systems like the Predator MQ-1 or the Reaper MQ-9. In the three Addenda the author covers: ‘classic’ missiles, the B-62 Snark, B-63 Rascal and the B-64 Navaho which he thinks were signifi cant programmes; ‘Operational Anti-Missile Missiles, the Sprint, the Ground-Based Interceptor and THAAD; and the ‘R for Rocket’ designation (for those non-guided missiles produced since 1963). North American XSM-64 and related material. However, the book does not In four Appendices the author lists most other Navaho surface-to-surface go beyond this aim and the author has worked well missile prior to launch at the USA-produced missiles outside of the ‘M for within this boundary. With, on average, three ‘M Missile’ system, that is, those before 1963. The Airforce Missile Test Center, Patrick Air Force Base, designations’ being made every year, it will not be fi fth Appendix is reserved for acronyms. The author Florida, 9 November 1958. long before a second edition will become needed. describes THAAD as being deployed to South The programme had been Korea in 2009 to assist the monitoring of North cancelled in July 1957. Tim Marshall RAeS (NAL). Korean missile testing; this effectively acts as the FIMechE most current information contained in the book. The author has at least a paragraph on each M designation, even if it means describing a programme that never reached any sort of maturity. On the other hand, he devotes four pages to the It is diffi cult AIM-9 Sidewinder and eight pages to the BGM-109 to believe Did you know? Tomahawk. It is here that the impressive imagery, that today, in excellently reproduced in this high-quality reference military aviation book, is lavishly and interestingly displayed. The On Thursday, 30 May 1940 — at the time of the major depth of detail about each type may be thin, but literature, there Dunkirk evacuation when the fall of France was imminent and the invasion of Britain appeared likely — Harold Rox- the encyclopaedic nature adopted by the author are any gaps bee Cox [later to become Lord Kings Norton] delivered the make this publication a must-have among historians, wide enough Royal Aeronautical Society’s 28th Wilbur Wright Memorial enthusiasts and modellers — if an M designation for a defi nitive Lecture entitled ‘Prolegomena for a Detailed Study of the isn’t within this compilation, it probably didn’t exist. Future of British Civil Aviation’, the meeting being held guide but I at the Institution of Electrical Engineers. “Convinced that The details successfully whet the appetite for ultimately the aeroplane will bring about a world under- further research. believe the standing …” Captain J L Pritchard, the Society’s Secretary, It is diffi cult to believe that today, in military author has has previously advised Orville Wright by telegram that the aviation literature, there are any gaps wide enough subject of the lecture “was deliberately chosen at a time detected one when the aeroplane is being so grievously misused.” for a defi nitive guide but I believe the author has Although the Society’s wartime lecture programme detected one and fi lled it successfully. He covers and fi lled it was much curtailed, the Wilbur Wright Memorial Lecture the ‘M-for Missile’ range, with some other interesting successfully was delivered each year.
46 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Library Additions BOOKS
GENERAL Information Warfare Junkers Ju87 operation Unsung Eagles: True space probe missions to the and Electronic Warfare undertaken against British Stories of America’s outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Reference Manual on Systems. R A Poisel. targets in 1940, including a Citizen Airmen in the Uranus and Neptune) which the ICAO Statistics Artech House, 16 Sussex review of Stuka operational Skies of World War II. J A were originally launched in Programme. ICAO Doc Street, London SW1V 4RW, tactics, fl ying units and ground Stout. Casemate Publishers, 1977 and were to revolutionise 9060/5 — Fifth edition. UK. 2013. 414pp. £89.00. casualties. 10 Hythe Bridge Street, our knowledge of astronomy. International Civil Aviation [20% discount available to Oxford OX1 2EW, UK. 2013. Organization, 999 University RAeS members via www. Wings of Honor: American 288pp. Illustrated. £19.99. Space Shuttle Legacy: Street, Montreal, Quebec, artechhouse.com using Airmen in World War I. A ISBN 978-1-61200-209-5. How We Did It and What Canada, H3C 5H7. 2013. RAES2014 promotion code]. Compilation of all United Based on interviews with We Learned. Edited by Irregular pagination. ISBN 978-1-608-07705-2. States Pilots, Observers, those involved, the memories R D Launius et al. American Gunners and Mechanics of 22 American pilots who Institute of Aeronautics and AEROACOUSTICS FLIGHT TESTING Who Flew Against the served in different operational Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Enemy in the War of theatres of WW2 (including Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, Computational At the Edge of the 1914-1918. J J Sloan. Schiffer China, Guadalcanal, the VA 20191-4344, USA. 2013. Aeroacoustics: a Wave Envelope: a Flight Test Publishing Ltd, Atglen, PA. Philippines and Germany) are 375pp. Illustrated. $49.95. Number Approach. C K W Engineer’s Story. J Bradley. 1994. 460pp. Illustrated. vividly recalled. ISBN 978-1-62410-216-5. Tam. Cambridge University Active Aviation Ltd, 3 Bowdens ISBN 0-88740-577-0. Press, The Edinburgh Building, Court, Urchfont, Devizes, SPACE STRUCTURES AND Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK. Wiltshire SN10 4SJ, UK (E The Luftwaffe: a Study in MATERIALS 2012. 528pp. Illustrated. £80. [email protected]). 2013. Air Power 1933-1945. Flying to the Moon: and ISBN 978-0-521-80678-7. 226pp. Illustrated. ISBN 978- E R Hooton. Classic Other Strange Places. M Structural Composites: 0-9550264-9-2. Publications, Ian Allan Collins. Farrar, Straus and Advanced Composites in AIR TRANSPORT After serving an Publishing Ltd, Hersham, Giroux, New York. 1976. Aviation. R Sterkenburg and apprenticeship at Vickers Surrey KT12 4RG, UK. 179pp. Illustrated. P H Wang. Avotek Information Designators for Aircraft Supermarine, the author recalls 2010. 318pp. Illustrated. The author recalls his Resources, LLC, PO Box 219, Operating Agencies, in this informative memoirs ISBN 978-1-906537-18-0. aviation career as a US Air Weyers Cave, VA 24486, USA. Aeronautical Authorities his long association with the A detailed study of the Force Test Pilot and his 2013. Irregular pagination. and Services. ICAO Doc Aeroplane and Armament organisation and air operations selection to become an Illustrated. $49.95. ISBN 978- 8585/166 — 166th edition. Experimental Establishment of the Luftwaffe during WW2. astronaut on the Gemini 10 1-933189-35-2. International Civil Aviation (A&AEE) at Boscombe Down and Apollo 11 space missions. Organization, 999 University and the fl ight testing trials SAFETY Street, Montreal, Quebec, undertaken on the Westland NASA Mission AS-508 Canada, H3C 5H7. 2013. Wessex/Sea King, Beagle Safety Management. Apollo 13 1970 (including Irregular pagination. Basset CMk1, Avro Andover, Annex 19 to the Saturn V, CM-109, SM-109, Handley Page Victor K2 Convention on LM-7): an engineering AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND tanker, Aerospatiale Gazelle/ International Civil Aviation insight into how NASA CONSTRUCTION Puma, Lockheed Hercules — First edition. International saved the crew of the C Mk1, Harrier GR7/Sea Civil Aviation Organization, 999 crippled Moon mission. Harrier, Vickers VC10 and the University Street, Montreal, Owners’ Workshop Manual Boeing Vertol 107 (during Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7. series. D Baker. Haynes a period in the USA) among 2013. Irregular pagination. Publishing, Sparkford, Yeovil, other aircraft types. The author Somerset BA22 7JJ, UK. also participated in many of SERVICE AVIATION 2013. 204pp. Illustrated. the air-to-air refuelling trials £21.99. ISBN 978-0-85733- conducted at Boscombe Down Fight for the Skies: the 387-2. in the 1980s. Battle of Britain, 1940. R P G Collinson. Published by the Two Sides of the Moon: HISTORICAL author, Maidstone, Kent, UK. Our Story of the Cold War 2013 (E fi ghtfortheskies@ Space Race. D Scott and A Design and Analysis of Imperial Russian Air Force gmail.com). 49pp. Illustrated. Leonov. Simon & Schuster UK Composite Structures: 1898-1917: in Photographs £5 plus postage/packing. Ltd, London, UK. 2004. 431pp. with Applications to at the Beginning of the ISBN 978-0-9926371-0-1. Illustrated. ISBN 0-7432- Aerospace Structures. C Twentieth Century. G Petrov. A concise review of the 3162-7. Kassapoglou. John Wiley and Uniform Press, Unicorn Press, aircraft and operational phases An American Gemini/ Sons, The Atrium, Southern 66 Charlotte Street, London of the Battle of Britain placed Apollo astronaut and Soviet Gate, Chichester, West Sussex W1T 4QE, UK. 2013. 263pp. within the wider context of cosmonaut (the fi rst man to PO19 8SQ, UK. 2013. 402pp. Advanced Aircraft Design: Illustrated. £24.99. ISBN 978- the organisation of the United walk in space) recall their Illustrated. £75. ISBN 978-1- Conceptual Design, 1-906509-40-8. Kingdom Air Defence System personal experiences of the 118-40160-6. Analysis and Optimization The early years of and RAF Fighter Command Space Age culminating in the of Subsonic Civil pre-revolutionary Russian integrated Command and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Damage and Failure of Airplanes. E Torenbeek. John aviation are recorded in over Control System. Includes a Foreword by Neil Composite Materials. R Wiley and Sons, The Atrium, 400 contemporary captioned Armstrong and an Introduction Talreja and C Veer Singh. Southern Gate, Chichester, photographs reproduced The Bombing War: Europe by Tom Hanks. Cambridge University Press, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, UK. in this informative volume 1939-1945. R Overy. Allen The Edinburgh Building, 2013. 410pp. Illustrated. £75. which traces the country’s Lane, Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Voyager Tales: Personal Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK. ISBN 978-1-118-56811-8. pioneering developments in Strand, London WC2R 0RL, Views of the Grand Tour. 2012. 304pp. Illustrated. £69. balloons, aerostats, airships, UK. 2013. 852pp. Illustrated. D Swift. American Institute of ISBN 978-0-521-81942-8. AVIONICS AND SYSTEMS aviation schools, air shows and £30. ISBN 978-07-139956- Aeronautics and Astronautics, evolution of military aviation. 1-9. 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Radar Equations for Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191- For further information Modern Radar. D K Barton. Stuka Attack!: the Diving- Tomorrow’s Air Force: 4344, USA. 1997. 432pp. contact the National Artech House, 16 Sussex Bombing Assault on Tracing the Past, Shaping Illustrated. ISBN 1-56347- Street, London SW1V 4RW, England during the Battle the Future. J J Smith. Indiana 252-X. Aerospace Library. UK. 2013. 428pp + diskette. of Britain. A Saunders. Grub University Press, Bloomington, A compilation of T +44 (0)1252 £119. [20% discount available Street, 4 Rainham Close, Indiana. 2014. Distributed interviews conducted with to RAeS members via www. London SW11 6SS, UK. 2013. by Combined Academic a number of the engineers, 701038 or 701060 artechhouse.com using 224pp. Illustrated. £20. ISBN Publishers Ltd, Harrogate, UK. scientists, project managers E hublibrary@aeroso- RAES2014 promotion code]. 978-1-908117-35-9. 252pp. Illustrated. £23.99. and other personnel involved ciety.com ISBN 978-1-608-07521-8. A detailed study of every ISBN 978-0-253-01078-0. with the Voyager 1 and 2
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NATIONAL AEROSPACE LIBRARY
Delft University of Technology 19 October 1979. K Hagrup. K G Wilkinson 64pp. Illustrated.
International Airlines and Papers on Public Interests — an Overview: the Brancker Memorial Lecture delivered Air Transport to The Chartered Institute of Transport 14 February 1977. Extract from The Chartered On 14 June 2013 the National Aerospace Library Institute of Transport Journal at Farnborough was presented by Roger Wilkinson Vol 37 (9) March 1977. R M with the papers of his father Dr Kenneth G Jackson. pp 251-255. Wilkinson CBE FRAeS (1917-1990), the Society’s Partnership for a Future President 1972-73. Beginning his career at the — Airline View: Presented at the Society of Automotive Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough as Engineers Air Transportation Senior Scientifi c Offi cer in 1945, in 1946 he joined Meeting, Washington, DC, British European Airways and by 1971 he was the 10-12 May 1977. SAE Paper an Examination of the aviation industry and UK total 770577. P M Johnstone. 7pp. airline’s Chief Engineer and Deputy Chief Executive, Future Roles of Jet and aircraft exports 1946-1958. being appointed Chairman in 1972. In December Turbo-Prop Transport Some Engineering 1972 Dr Wilkinson was approached to become Aircraft. Fourteenth Brancker The Progress of European Aspects of Aviation in the Memorial Lecture presented Air Transport 1946-1961 World About Us: The First Managing Director of Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited to the Institute of Transport, — with Particular Refer- Sholto Douglas Memorial of which he was later appointed Vice-Chairman, 11 February 1957 (Advance ence to BEA: Seventeenth Lecture presented to The returning to British Airways in 1976 as Engineering proof copy). Lord Douglas of British Commonwealth Lecture Society of Licenced Aircraft Kirtleside. 57pp. Illustrated. presented to the Royal Aero- Engineers and Technologists, Director becoming Deputy Chairman in 1979. Includes concise chronol- nautical Society 16 November The Excelsior Hotel, Heathrow Dr Wilkinson’s papers — which also refl ect his ogy/timeline of aircraft gas 1961. Lord Douglas of Airport, 12 October 1971. turbine development and the Kirtleside. 54pp. Illustrated. P Masefi eld. 29pp. Illustrated. lifelong interest in gliding — include a number of key British European Airways Reviews the aviation lectures/reports recording the development of air (BEA) method of estimating Advanced Supersonic career of William Sholto Doug- transport and the challenges met over the decades aircraft costs. Transport: Presented at las, the evolution of Croydon the Society of Automotive and Heathrow airports/airline as detailed below: The Aircraft Industry — a Engineers Air Transportation engineering maintenance National Asset. The Opera- Meeting, Hartford, Connecticut, costs (including engine tor’s Point of View: The Lord 6-9 May 1975. SAE Paper maintenance costs)/airliner The Future Fleet Develop- The Re-Organisation of Sempill Paper presented to 750617. R D Fitzsimmons and productivity and accelerate/ ment in Civil Aviation: BEA 1967-1971 — Case The Institute of Production R L Roensch. 7pp. Illustrated. stop distances for various Speech presented at the History. B M Brough. 40pp. Engineers, 16 April 1959 Discusses the McDonnell aircraft types over the decades. Symposium for the occasion (Advance proof copy). Lord Douglas Advanced Supersonic of the 6th lustrum of the Comparison of Alternate Douglas of Kirtleside. 49pp. Transport (AST) design. A View of Air Freight Aeronautical Study Association Aviation Fuels: Presented Illustrated. Developments in the Next ‘Leonardo da Vinci’, Delft, 18 at the Society of Automotive Includes tables recording AST Propulsion Compari- Decade: Presented at the September 1975. L J van Engineers International Air the growth of sales of the sons: Presented at the Soci- Society of Automotive Ameyden. 20pp. Illustrated. Transportation Meeting, Cincin- Vickers Viscount, the number ety of Automotive Engineers Engineers Eighth International nati, Ohio, 20-22 May 1980. of US/British transport aircraft Air Transportation Meeting, Forum for Air Cargo, Royal Where is UK Civil Aviation SAE Paper 800767. in service by aircraft type Hartford, Connecticut, 6-9 May Aeronautical Society, London, Going?: The Thirty-Second E N Cart. 8pp. (deliveries/orders), postwar 1975. SAE Paper 750631. R 10-12 May 1976. M L Olason Brancker Memorial Lecture aircraft types purchased by D Fitzsimmons and W T Rowe. and A D Reynolds. 14pp. delivered to The Chartered Jet Fuels — Now to the BOAC/BEA and BEA’s 9pp. Illustrated. Illustrated. Institute of Transport, 3 21st Century: Presented to projected fl eet size/future Discusses the Boeing February 1975. Extract from IATA Technical Committee, orders through to 1966, The World Airline — and 747F freighter. The Chartered Institute of Chicago, Illinois, 8 October postwar British civil transport Aerospace Manufacturing Transport Journal Vol 36 (10) 1980. E N Cart. 11pp. aircraft types (fi rst fl ight/de- — Industry: the Eighth Complexity and Progress May 1975. Lord Boyd- liveries/orders), the number of Dr Albert Plesman in Transport Aircraft: The Carpenter. pp 239-243. The Economics of Speed: people employed in the British Memorial Lecture delivered to sixth R K Pierson Memo- rial Lecture delivered to the Royal Aeronautical Society — Weybridge Branch. N E Rowe. c.1958. 27pp. Illustrated.
Two-Seat Sailplanes. B S Shenstone. 1952. 38pp. Typescript of paper that was to be published in Aircraft Engineering, January 1953 pp 2-10.
Why Airlines are Hard to Please: The Thirteenth British Commonwealth Lecture read to the Royal Aeronautical Society, 27 March 1958. Reprinted from Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society
48 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 May 1958. B S Shenstone. pp their Effect on Air Transport’, 319-336. London, 15-16 May 1974. R H Whitby. 11pp. Illustrated. “What We Need is a Good Three-Cent Air Line”: A United Kingdom Airline Reprinted from the Saturday Operational and Evening Post, 20 October Regulatory Viewpoint: 1945. C R Smith. 8pp. Paper presented at the Royal Aeronautical Society Sympo- How Decisions are Made: sium ‘The Impact of Economics Major Considerations on the Design and Operation for Aircraft Programs. of Quieter Aircraft’, 23-24 AIAA 1982 Wright Brothers April 1975. R H Whitby. 8pp. Lectureship in Aeronautics Illustrated. delivered before International Council of the Aeronautical Developing Air Transport: Sciences/American Institute of Twenty-Fifth Cayley Memo- Aeronautics and Astronau- rial Lecture presented to the Technologists, 29 September The World Air Transporta- Opposite top: Dr Kenneth Royal Aeronautical Society — tics Aircraft Systems and 1973. K G Wilkinson. 15pp. tion System in the Year Wilkinson, RAeS President Technology Meeting, Seattle, Brough Branch 15 November 2000. K G Wilkinson. May 1972-1973, md Rolls-Royce 24 August 1982. J E Steiner. 1978. R H Whitby. 21pp. The Technology and Eco- 1980. 10pp. and former Chairman, BEA. 37pp. Illustrated. Illustrated. nomics of Air Transport in Opposite bottom: Boeing Discusses the evolution of its Next Phase: 64th Wilbur Trends in the Technology The Horten Tailless the Boeing 377 Stratocruiser and Orville Wright and Economics of Air 707-436, G-APFH, of BEA Aircraft /B-52/707/720/727/747/ . RAE Technical Note Memorial Lecture read to the Transport: Presented at the Airtours. 757/767, Lockheed Electra/ Aero 1703 — October 1945. Royal Aeronautical Society, 11 ‘Trends in Tourism Planning Above: McDonnell Douglas Orion, Convair 880, de Havil- K G Wilkinson. 72pp. December 1975. Reprinted and Development International DC-AST. Illustrated. land Trident, DC-9, Concorde, from Aerospace, February Conference’, 1-3 September Below: Vickers Viscount 802, The Aeronautical Airbus A300 and the JT3/ 1976 and 1982. K G Wilkinson. 12pp. G-AORD, of BEA. J57/JT8D/ TF39/JT9D A Rationalised Fuel Journal , March 1976. K G RAeS (NAL). engines. Reserve Policy for Medium Wilkinson. pp 14-25; pp 102- Energy for Transport: Range Airline Operations: 127. Illustrated. Presented at The Information Jet Aviation Develop- Paper presented at the SAE Technology Society seminar ment — One Company’s National Aeronautic Meeting, A Solution to Airport ‘The Next Ten Years’ held at St Perspective: the Last Forty Hotel Statler, Los Angeles, 29 Noise: Paper presented at Paul-de-Vence, France, 19-24 Years and a Brief Look at September – 3 October 1953. ‘Airports — the Challeng- July 1982. K G Wilkinson. the Future. Presented at the K G Wilkinson and J Vivian. ing Future: Proceedings of 16pp. Illustrated. National Air and Space 22pp. Illustrated. the 5th World Airports Confer- Museum, Smithsonian Institu- ence on Technological and An Airline View of LH2 tion, October 1979. Progress in Sailplane Economic Change, Institution as a Fuel for Commercial Jour- J E Steiner. 28pp. Illustrated. Design: Reprinted from of Civil Engineers, London, 5-7 Aircraft: Extract from Inter- nal of the Royal Aeronautical Discusses the design May 1976. K G Wilkinson. pp national Journal of Hydrogen Society evolution of the Boeing , July 1954. K G Wilkin- 89-95. Illustrated. Energy Vol 8 No 10 1983. B-47/B-52/367-80/Dash son. pp 456-469. Illustrated. K G Wilkinson. pp 793-796. 80/KC-135/707/720/727/ The Role of Advancing Illustrated. 737/747/757/767 and the The Prospects for Aero Technology in the Future The US SST (Supersonic Trans- Engines: Presented at of Air Transport: Presented Australia’s Role in Inter- Financial Times port) programme, including the Aerospace to The Royal Society of Arts 2 national Aviation: the Ninth evolution of wing planforms Symposium, London, 16-17 March 1977. Extract from The Sir Ross and Keith Smith and aerofoil sections/wing fl ap May 1973. K G Wilkinson. Royal Society of Arts Journal Memorial Lecture delivered to systems. 12pp. Illustrated. Vol 125 No 5251 June 1977. the Royal Aeronautical Society, Discusses Rolls-Royce K G Wilkinson. pp 346-364. 10 December 1975. R J Yates. Australian Domestic Air- collaborative projects. Illustrated. 27pp. Illustrated. line Survey: The Sir Geoffrey Online de Havilland Memorial Lecture, RB211 — the First Eight- een Months Operating For enquiries regarding this material please contact 1979. J M Warner. 26pp To browse the Library Illustrated. Experience: Sholto Douglas the librarians at the National Aerospace Library: Memorial Lecture presented catalogue, visit www. T +44 (0)1252 701038/701060; European Air Transport to The Society of Licenced aerosociety.com/nal up to the Year 2000: The Aircraft Engineers and E [email protected] Lord Douglas of Kirtleside Lecture presented at the Third European Pioneers’ Day, Royal Aeronautical Society, London, 8 May 1978. R Watts. 43pp. Illustrated.
Technical Progress in Aviation: Extract from Regional Studies Vol 5 1971. R H Whitby. pp 117-120. Illustrated.
Precious Resources and Air Transport — an Airline View: Paper presented at the Royal Aeronautical Society Spring Convention ‘A Review of Precious Resources and
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 49 Afterburner Society News 2014 MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONS Members, have you paid your 2014 Membership Subscriptions which were due on 1 January 2014?
Membership subscriptions were due on 1 January Cheque: Cheques should be made payable to 2014 and, therefore, all unpaid memberships will the Royal Aeronautical Society and sent to the lapse on 31 March 2014. Subscriptions Department at No.4 Hamilton Place, As per the Society’s Regulations, all membership London W1J 7BQ, UK. benefi ts will be suspended where a payment for an Direct Debit: Members should complete the Direct individual subscription has not been received after Debit mandate form included in their renewal letter The Society thanks three months of the due date of the subscription. or complete the mandate form online once they its members for However, this excludes members paying their annual have logged into their account. their support, as subscriptions by Direct Debits in monthly instalments Bank Transfer: Members can pay by Bank Trans- to October. fer (or by BACS) into the Society’s bank account it is your loyalty To avoid losing your membership benefi ts below quoting their Name & Membership Number: and participation (including the use of post nominals, AEROSPACE Bank: HSBC plc that continues to magazine, reduced rates for conferences, network- Sort Code: 40-05-22 ing opportunities, voting rights (certain grades)); you Account No: 01564641 make the Royal should choose one of the following methods to pay Account Name: Royal Aeronautical Society Aeronautical your 2014 subscription: BIC: MIDLGB22 Online: Members can log in to their online account IBAN: GB52MIDL40052201564641 Society the to pay at www.aerosociety.com. If they do not have leading institution an account, they can register for this on the website The Society thanks its members for their in the aerospace as a fi rst time user. support, as it is your loyalty and participation that Telephone: Members can contact the Subscrip- continues to make the Royal Aeronautical Society and aviation tions Department on +44 (0)20 7670 4304 or the leading institution in the aerospace and aviation industry 4315 and arrange payment by credit or debit card. industry. AEROSPACE GOLF DAY FOR INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS
FRILFORD HEATH GOLF COURSE, OXFORDSHIRE / WEDNESDAY 18 JUNE 2014
18 hole Stableford Points Join us at our 2014 Golf Day for some competition healthy competition with fellow golfers in the aviation community.
9 hole Texas Scramble This event is ideal for networking in a competition relaxed and informal setting. Enter a corporate 4-ball team or opt Individual and corporate to be teamed up with other individual team prizes players.
For further details please apply to: Lunch, refreshments and Gail Ward afternoon tea Events Manager — Corporate and Society Royal Aeronautical Society Optional Social Supper on T +44 (0)1491 629912 17 June 2014 E [email protected] 50 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Honours, Medals & Awards A NEW YEAR RESOLUTION WE CAN ALL SHARE
making subsequent funding conversations easier Honouring to hold. Secondly, the award helped to raise the profi le of the project within the public sector funding Achievement, Innovation bodies and provided an important element of peer- and Excellence recognition and endorsement. Thirdly, the reward helps in the international positioning of ASTRAEA where again the recognition of a globally recognised The Royal Aeronautical Society Honours, Medals society can only help to act as an endorsement for and Awards are the most prestigious and long- the project.” Simon Jewell, Chairman ASTRAEA standing awards in global aerospace, honouring Steering Board. RAeS Team Silver Medal achievement, innovation and excellence. Since the Wright brothers received the Society’s fi rst “We are delighted to have our work recognised in this Gold Medal in 1909, the Society’s awards have NOMINATE NOW way… the honour goes to all those contributed to highlighted many of the most notable milestones, — YOUR SOCIETY the project” Joseph Lam, Neptune Development achievements and innovations marking the progress NEEDS YOU! Team, Airbus Operations. RAeS Team Bronze of the human race from the fi rst manned, powered Medal fl ight to the development of technologies that The nomination form is It was an honour to win such a prestigious award may yet realise the vision of a manned mission to downloadable from the “ especially as the Specialist Gold Award is not Mars and beyond. The total number of Honorary Society’s website (www. — made every year. I have been inundated with Fellowships, Honorary Companionships, Gold, Silver aerosociety.com/About- congratulations from colleagues across the globe and Bronze Medals conferred will soon reach 500, Us/medalsawards). following publication in a few Rolls-Royce internal with the list of recipients constituting a unique ‘Hall Please complete e-magazines and newsletters. of Fame’ of 20th and early 21st century aerospace the form by 31 March ” Arthur Rowe, pioneers and professionals. 2014 to submit your Rolls-Royce plc, Specialist Gold Award Today, however, UK and US direct employment choice for a worthy in aerospace manufacturing alone tops 500,000. recipient or team “My fi rst reaction was total surprise as I had not had Patent fi lings in the industry total many thousands in the 2014 round. the slightest inkling that I had been proposed for an 1 each year . Global aerospace manufacturing direct Nominations received award but this was quickly followed by delight and employment is many times the US and UK number after this date will be pride in professional recognition. I also very much and, when the innovation rate and the number of considered in the 2015 appreciate the efforts made by all those involved those involved in the wider aviation and related round. in preparing the submission and I now know that professions are also taken into account, it seems much effort was expended on this by busy people. clear that much work meriting recognition by the The two awards have particular resonance for me in Society must be being overlooked as far as the that Geoffrey Pardoe was still active in Stevenage Society’s Awards framework is concerned. in my early years there and that I retired in 2013 There is therefore huge scope for broadening after a 30-year career ‘in space’ so I have a most the reach of the Society’s Honours, Medals and memorable closure. I then found further satisfaction Awards scheme more fully to refl ect the global when I realised that I am the fi rst recipient of the and massively diverse character of aerospace and Geoffrey Pardoe Space award who is also a member aviation. of the Society.” John Thatcher, Astrium, Specialist This is where we can all share in an eminently Bronze Award, accompanied by the Geoffrey achievable New Year Resolution. Pardoe Space Award That is to ACT NOW to nominate individuals or teams meriting recognition for their achievement, More information about the Society’s Honours, innovation or excellence in aerospace and aviation. Medals and Awards, is available from the Honour, Here is what some of the 2013 award winners Medals, and Awards pages of the Society’s website had to say about receiving their awards: and from articles in the February, March, April, June, August, October, December 2012 and January “The team was naturally delighted to receive such 2013 issues of The Aerospace Professional. a prestigious award for its considerable efforts over the years but also recognised that the recognition Anna Banton brought with it a number of benefi ts. First, the Secretary, Medals and Awards Committee’ publicity surrounding the award raised the profi le Dr Mike Steeden of ASTRAEA at senior levels within the companies, Chair, Medals and Awards Committee
1‘Blue sky thinking’. AEROSPACE, September 2013, pp 28-31.
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EVENTS www.aerosociety/events LECTURES www.aerosociety/events BEDFORD BROUGH 7.30 pm. Keith Housely, T +44 ARA Social Club, Manton Cottingham Parks Golf & (0)151 336 1805. Lane, Bedford. 6.30 pm. Country Club. 7.30 pm. Ben 12 February — The future of Marylyn Wood, T +44 (0)1933 Groves, T +44 (0)1482 airships. Rob Knotts, Airship
RAeS (NAL) RAeS 353517. 663938. Association. 12 February — Missile and 12 February — Weapons 12 March — Airbus A400M. fi re control products. David technology, the story of 9 April — F-35B — Joint Wilson, Lockheed Martin. BROACH. Bernard Gethings, Strike Fighter. 12 March — Sir John BAE Systems (Retired). Charnley Lecture. Powerful 12 March — Trident — the CHRISTCHURCH materials — hot and highly unsung hero. Neil Lomax, Save Lecture Theatre Block, stressed. Michael J Goulette. the Trident. Wallisdown Campus, 9 April — Branch AGM 9 April — Sir George Cayley Bournemouth University. 17 February followed by The Vulcan Lecture. Flying/operating 7.30 pm. Roger Starling, The Development of RAF Doctrine in the Inter-War Years bomber. Robert Pleming. the Hawk AJT aircraft. Wg E rogerstarling593@btinternet. Historical Group Lecture Cdr Dan Beard, OC IV(R) com BELFAST Squadron RAF. 7 pm. 27 February — Calshot: the 4 March Peter Froggatt Centre, Queen’s fl ying years. Colin van Geffen. Clinical Challenges in Aerospace Medicine University Belfast. 7 pm. CAMBRIDGE 12 March — Early fl ight Aerospace Medicine Group Conference 20 February — Greenbird Lecture Theatre ‘O’ of testing of the F-35B, the land yacht speed record. the Cambridge University STOVL variant of Joint Strike 4 March George Seyfang. Engineering Department, Fighter. Graham Tomlinson, Stewart Lecture: The Changing Roles of Air Traffi c Controllers Trumpington Street, former BAE Systems test pilot. Dr John Roberts, Chief Medical Offi cer, NATS Occupational BIRMINGHAM, Cambridge. 7.30 pm. Jin-Hyun Joint lecture with IET. Health and Aero-Medical Centre WOLVERHAMPTON AND Yu, T +44 (0)1223 373129. 27 March — Farnborough Air Aerospace Medicine Group Named Lecture COSFORD 13 February — Sir Arthur Sciences Trust. David Wilson. 25-26 March RAF Museum Cosford. 7 pm. Marshall Lecture. The F-35 16 April — The work of the Aircraft Commander in the 21st Century: Decision-making, are Chris Hughs, T +44 (0)1902 Lightning II programme. AVM Network Rail Air Operations we on the right path? 844523. Malcolm Brecht, Chief of Unit. Wendy Welsh. Joint 20 February — Flight Operations Group Conference Rolls-Royce Staff for Capability, HQ Air lecture with IET. future projects. Prof Ric Parker, Command. Howard Theatre, 24 April — Branch AGM 27 March Director, Rolls-Royce Research Downing College, Cambridge. followed by Radio-controlled Lecture 6 pm, Reception 7.30 Flight Test Group Lecture and Technology. model gliding. Simon 20 March — J D North pm. Please use the nearby Vaitkevicius. 9 April Lecture. The F-35 Lightning multi-story car parks as there is Alan Bristow Lecture II programme. Chris Garside, no parking at this venue. COVENTRY Rotorcraft Group Named Lecture F-35 Chief Engineer, BAE 13 March — Skylon Lecture Theatre ECG26, Systems. Moog Aircraft Group, Spaceplane. Richard Varvell, Engineering and Computing 28 April Valiant Way, Wolverhampton. Technical Director, Reaction Building, Coventry University. Train Aerodynamics 17 April — Trenchard Lecture. Engines. 7.30 pm. Janet Owen, T +44 Prof Chris Baker, Director of the Birmingham Centre for Motion in fl ight simulation: 10 April — Branch AGM (0)2476 464079. Railway Research and Education how realistic and imortant is (7.15 pm) followed by 20 February — Meggitt Aerodynamics Group Lecture it? Bob Young, Environmental ExoMars Rover — engineering Lecture and Buffet. Smart Tectonics Corporation. for the Red Planet. Abigail engineering for metalised foam 29 April Hutty, Astrium. application. Stephen Pilling. Handley Page Lecture: Clean Sky Programme BOSCOMBE DOWN Holiday Inn, London Road, Gareth Williams, VP Head of R&T Business Development and Lecture Theatre, Boscombe CANBERRA Ryton on Dunsmore, Coventry. Partnerships, EDT Airbus Central Entity Down. Refreshments from Jon Pike, 16 April — Branch AGM Named Lecture 5 pm. Lecture 5.15 pm. E [email protected] followed by Schools Build-a- Visitors please register at 11 February — Aviation Plane project update. Helen 21 May least four days in advance medical requirements. Dr Noble, Deputy Head, Ernsford RAeS AGM and Annual Banquet (name and car registration Michael Drane, CASA. Grange Community School. 29 May required) E secretary@ 11 March — The P-8A CRANFIELD Flight Test Group Lecture BoscombeDownRAeS.org Poseidon patrol aircraft. Wg 11 February — TCAS — Cdr Gary Lewis. Vincent Auditorium, Building 4-5 June history, today’s operations and 52, Cranfi eld University. Keeping Flight Simulators Current and Capable future. Stanislaw Drozdowski, CARDIFF 6 pm. Flight Simulation Group Conference Eurocontrol. British Airways Avionic 1 April — Glider — research, 25 February — Joe Morrall Engineering. 7 pm. Attendees build and fl y. Doug Greenwell. 4 June Award lectures. 12.15 pm. should notify the Branch of Edwin A Link Lecture 11 March — Catalina their intention to attend by CRANWELL Flight Simulation Group Named Lecture operations over the arctic. email to RAF Cranwell. 7.30 pm. Tony Dyer. [email protected] by 3 February — Whittle 9 June 25 March — A400M. Ian mid-day of the lecture day. Lecture. Keeping BBMF The Introduction of the RAF Jet Aircraft: Engineering and Jaycock and Wg Cdr Taylor. 20 February — Visit to GE airworthy. Richard Oldfi eld and Supply Issues 12.15 pm. Aviation, Wales. Kev Ball. Joint lecture with Historical Group Lecture 8 April — Branch AGM 20 March — Sustainable IMechE and IET. followed by SESAR and the biofuels for aviation greening 3 March — Mars Rover 2 July future of European air travel. the deserts of the Earth. update. Peter Rea. Air Law Summer Reception Craig Foster. Robert Whitfi eld. University of 7 April — Trenchard Lecture. South Wales, Pontypridd. Future SDSR. Paul Stoddart, 22-24 July BRISTOL 24 April — Branch AGM debate chairman. Applied Advanced Aero Concepts, Design and Operations Pugsley Lecture Theatre, followed by Making the Airbus Aerodynamics Group Conference Queens Building, University of A350 XWB wing. Darren DERBY University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Bristol. 6.30 pm. Alessandra Winter, GKN Aerospace. Nightingale Hall, Moor Lane, Badino, T +44 (0)751 529 Derby. 5.30 pm. Chris Sheaf, All lectures start at 18.00hrs unless otherwise stated. 7787. CHESTER T +44 (0)1332 249474. Conference proceedings are available at 20 March — Certifying military The Auditorium, Customer 12 February — Geoff Wilde www.aerosociety.com/news/proceedings operations. Richard Spencer, Support Building, Airbus UK, Lecture. RR Learning and Certifi cation Manager, Airbus. Chester Road, Broughton. Career Development Centre,
52 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Wilmore Road, Derby. HAMBURG 11 March — Airbus to PRESTWICK Command Staff College, 26 February — Young Hochschule für Angewandte AirTanker Voyager. Geoff Aviator Suite, Terminal Building, Shrivenham. 7 pm. Anyone Persons’ Lecture Competition. Wissenschaften Hamburg, Winterbottom, AirTanker Prestwick International Airport. wishing to attend must provide Lord Hives Suite, Moor Lane Berliner Tor 5 (Neubau), Services. 7.30 pm. John Wragg, T +44 details of the vehicle they will Building, Rolls-Royce Derby. Hörsaal 01.12, 20099 15 April — Branch AGM (0)1655 750270. be using not later than fi ve days 12 March — The Airbus Hamburg. 6 pm. Richard followed by Chasing the 10 February — The tale of an before the event. Photo ID will A350 XWB programme. Sanderson, T +49 (0)4167 morning Sun. Manuel A J aircraft carrier. Jim Hood. be required at the gate (Driving 16 April — Branch AGM 92012. Querioz. 10 March — D F McIntyre Licence/Passport). Advise followed by Concorde, a real 20 March — Rolls-Royce Lecture. Everest then and attendance preferably via email life time machine. Capt David technology for future aircraft MANCHESTER now or Everest 1933/2013. to [email protected] or Rowland. engines. Uli (Ulrich) Wenger Newton Building, Salford Dougal McIntyre and George Branch Secretary Colin Irvin, Head of Engineering and University. 7 pm. Bryan Cowin, Kerevan. T +44 (0)7740 136609. FARNBOROUGH Technology Rolls-Royce T +44 (0)161 799 8979. 14 April — Branch AGM 5 February — Lightning II: Park Centre, BAE Systems, Deutschland. Joint lecture with 19 February — Superfi ghters followed by Aviation medicine: the UK’s Joint Combat Aircraft. Farnborough. 7.30 pm. Dr DGLR and VDI. at Warton. Tony Wilson, BAE does CAA really stand for AVM Graham Farnell. Mike Philpot, T +44 (0)1252 3 April — X-Planes of Europe Systems. Committee Against Aviation. Dr 5 March — Branch AGM 614618. — secret research aircraft from 12 March — Chadwick Mike Timmons. followed by Space nuclear 18 February — Templer the golden age 1947-1967. Lecture and Dinner. Avro. power: enabling innovative Lecture. Unmanned aircraft Tony Buttler. Joint lecture with Derek Empson. Deanwater SHEFFIELD space exploration missions. development programmes at DGLR and VDI. Hotel, Wilmslow Road, Knowledge Transfer Centre, Dr Richard Ambrosi, Lecturer, BAE Systems. Chris Clarkson, Woodford. University of Sheffi eld, Brunel Department of Physics and Engineering Director, DIT&S, HATFIELD 9 April — Mini lectures and Way, Catcliffe, Rotherham. 7 pm. Astronomy, Space Research BAE Systems. Room A166, Lindop Building, Branch AGM. MOSI. 25 February — Concorde. Centre, University of Leicester. 12 March — Boeing 787 University of Hertfordshire, Capt David Rowland. 2 April — 100 years of naval Dreamliner. Miguel R Santos, Hatfi eld. 7 pm. Maurice James, MEDWAY 25 March — Greener by aviation. Prof Geoffrey Till, VP, Boeing Africa. Joint lecture T +44 (0)7958 775441. Staff Restaurant, BAE Design. Dr John Green. Professor of Maritime Studies, with ImechE. University of 12 February — The green Systems, Airport Works, Kings College London. SOLENT Surrey. aircraft. John Fielding, Marconi Way, Rochester, Kent. 7 pm. Andy Rankine, T +44 TOULOUSE 15 April — Cody Lecture. Cranfi eld University. 7 pm. Robin Heaps, T +44 (0)7752 012849. The development of RFC 12 March — Student lecture (0)1634 377973. Symposium Room, Airbus 12 March — R J Mitchell operations during WW1. Capt competition. 19 February — TBD. SAS/HQ, B01, Campus Lecture. First Sea Lord. Turner 1, Blagnac. 5 pm. Contact: David Rowland. 2 April — Sir Geoffrey de Sims Concert Hall, University Havilland Lecture. MELBOURNE [email protected] for of Southampton. a security pass. GATWICK 6.30 pm. E 18 February — Rolls-Royce Conference Rooms 1&2 at HEATHROW [email protected] SOUTHEND Mini-Lecture Competition CAA Safety Regulation Group, Community Learning Centre, 10 February — Nimrod The Royal Naval Association, followed by a lecture. Aviation House, Gatwick (next Waterside, Harmondsworth. rise and fall. Tony Blackman. 79 East Street, Southend-on- 18 March — Facing the to the Beehive). 6.30 pm. Don 6.15 pm. For security Engineers Australia, 21 Bedford Sea. 8 pm. Sean Corr, T +44 unexpected in fl ight, what must Bates, T +44 (0)20 8654 purposes please contact David Street, North Melbourne. (0)20 7788 0566. we do? Jean Pinet, former 1150. Beaumont, 11 February — Titan Airways. Airbus Test Pilot and Head of 12 February — The E [email protected] OXFORD Alastair Kiernan, Commercial Aeroformation/Airbus Training. A400M test programme. Ed 13 February — Introducing The Magdalen Centre, Oxford Director, Titan Airways. Strongman. the Boeing 787 Dreamliner to Science Park, Oxford. 7 pm. 11 March — The RAF WASHINGTON DC 12 March — The UK’s British Airways service. SFO Nigel Randell, E Battle of Britain Memorial British Embassy, 3100 atmospheric research aircraft. Mitch Preston, Boeing 787 [email protected] Flight: maintaining historic Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Dr Guy Gratton, Head of Entry into Service Manager. 18 March — Atmospheric aircraft — Spitfi re, Lancaster Washington, DC. 6 pm. the Facility for Airborne 13 March — The Airbus research fl ying. Dr Guy and Hurricane. WO Kevin 13 February — Tenth Atmospheric Measurements A400M military transport. Gratton, Head of the Facility Ball. Joint lecture with anniversary reception (FAAM). Brian Kitson, Head of Aircraft for Airborne Atmospheric IMechE. Conference Room celebration. Sir Peter 9 April — A rummage in the Aerodynamics, Airbus. Measurements (FAAM). 10, Southend Council Civic Westmacott. Followed by attic. Graham Roe. 10 April — Film Night (subject Centre, Victoria Avenue, Branch AGM. tba) followed by Branch AGM. PARIS Southend-on-Sea. GLOUCESTER AND IPSA Ivry, 7/9 rue Maurice 8 April — Branch AGM. WEYBRIDGE CHELTENHAM HIGHLAND Grandcoing, 94200 Ivry-sur- Brooklands Museum, Messier-Bugatti-Dowty, The Gallery, Elgin Library. Seine, Paris. 6 pm. STEVENAGE Weybridge. 6.45 pm. Ken Restaurant Conference Room, 7.30 pm. Alex Gray, 18 February — Le Business The Metropolitan Restaurant, Davies, T +44 (0)1483 off Down Hatherley Lane. T +44 (0)1224 319464. Model de Rolls-Royce. Michel MBDA, Six Hills Way, 531529. 7.30 pm. Peter Smith, T +44 12 February — Role of the Dubarry, Président Rolls-Royce Stevenage. 6 pm. Matt Cappell, 5 February — The air war (0)1452 857205. UK Aeronautical Rescue International France. E [email protected] over the Western Front 1914- 18 February — Frontline and Co-ordination Centre. Flt Lt 11 February — Skylon 18. Barry Tomlinson, Bedford display line — the Royal Navy’s Ben Sola. PRESTON space plane. Alan Bond, Chief Aero Heritage Group. versatile Lynx helicopter. Lt A J 12 March — A history of Personnel and Conference Engineer/Director, Reaction 26 February — History of Air Thompson RN. aircraft fatigue from Comet Centre, BAE Systems, Warton. Engines. The Lunch Pad Accident Investigation. Peter 18 March — The rise to Dreamliner. Dr Andrew 7.30 pm. Alan Matthews, Restaurant, Airbus Defence Coombs, Senior Inspector of and fall of the Hawker Halfpenny. T +44 (0)1995 61470. and Space, Gunnels Wood Air Accidents, AAIB. Siddeley P1154. Dr Michael 16 April — Op Taxable. Prof 12 February — Branch Road, Stevenage. 19 March — Farnborough Air Pryce, Lecturer in Defence Richard Morris. AGM followed by Wind power. 11 March — Test fl ying the Show — behind the scenes. Acquisition, Cranfi eld Edward Green, Head of Typhoon. Stuart Reed. The Amanda Stainer, Commercial University. LOUGHBOROUGH Service sales, EMEA North. Lunch Pad Restaurant, Airbus Director, FIL. 26 March — Manufacturing Room U020, Brockington 12 March — Sir Freddie Defence and Space, Gunnels 16 April — Branch AGM. the future — building a case Building, Loughborough Page Lecture. Typhoon early Wood Road, Stevenage. for metals. Adrian Allen, University. 7.30 pm. Colin development fl ying. John 27 March — Young Person’s YEOVIL Commercial Director, AMRC. Moss, T +44 (0)1509 239962 Turner, ex-Director Flight lecture competition. 5.30 pm. Dallas Conference Room 1A, Joint lecture with IMechE. 4 February — Airfi x: scaling Operations, BAE Systems. 10 April — Leslie Bedford AgustaWestland, Yeovil. 6 pm. 14 April — Sir George Dowty down reality. Simon Owen, Canberra Club, Samlesbury Lecture. David McCallum, E david. Lecture and Dinner. The future Hornby Hobbies. (ticketed event, £5 inc buffet). Mccallum@agustawestland. of aerospace manufacturing. 18 February — Operating 9 April — Landing gear. Bob SWINDON com Iain Gray, CE, Manufacturing the A318 at London City. Capt Thompson, Wing and Landing The Montgomery Theatre, 20 February — Henson Technology Board. Hatherley Tony Payne and Capt David Gear Architecture Integration, The Defence Academy of the and Stringfellow Dinner and Manor Hotel, Gloucester. 7 pm. Walsworth, British Airways. EIVW, Airbus. United Kingdom, Joint Services Lecture.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 53 Afterburner Corporate Partners NEW PARTNERS EVENTS
Please note: attendance at Corporate Partner Briefi ngs is strictly The Royal Aeronautical Society would like to exclusive to staff of RAeS Corporate Partners. Both individual and welcome the following as Corporate Partners. corporate members are welcome at the Annual Banquet and the Aerospace Golf Day. Unless otherwise advised, registration for Corporate US COMMERCIAL SERVICE Partner Briefi ngs is at 16.30 hrs. Embassy of the United States of America, 24 Grosvenor Square, Tuesday 4 February 2014 / London London W1K 6AH, UK The CAA’s Role in Europe T +44 (0)20 7894 0470 Corporate Partner Briefi ng by Andrew Haines, Chief Executive Offi cer, E [email protected] Civil Aviation Authority W www.buyusa.gov/unitedkingdom Contact Thursday 13 March 2014 / London P J Menner, Commercial Specialist Contemplating the Future Corporate Partner Briefi ng by General Sir Nicholas Houghton, The US Commercial Service is the trade Chief of the Defence Staff promotion arm of the US Department of Sponsored by Northrop Grumman Commerce’s International Trade Administration. Located across the United States and in nearly Wednesday 21 May 2014 / London 80 countries, our global network connects US Annual Banquet companies with international buyers, providing Supported by AlixPartners them with market intelligence, export counselling, business match-making, assistance at trade Wednesday 18 June 2014 / Frilford Heath, Oxfordshire shows and advocacy/commercial diplomacy Aerospace Golf Day support across all business sectors. We also promote the United States as a destination for www.aerosociety.com/events inward investment and assist UK companies in For further information, please contact Gail Ward making the investment decision that are right for E [email protected] or T +44 (0)1491 629912 them.
CLEAR B2B MARKETING & PR 2-4 Park Street, Cirencester, Gloucestershire THE AIM OF THE 2013 saw fantastic growth in Corporate Partner GL7 2BN, UK CORPORATE membership, with over 30 new companies joining the scheme. That trend looks set to continue with T +44 (0)1285 626000 PARTNER E [email protected] six new Corporate Partners already joining the W www.clearb2b.com SCHEME IS Society in 2014. 2013 was a busy year for our Contact TO BRING Corporate Events, seeing record numbers in Julie Clare, Chief Executive attendance and we were delighted to see so many TOGETHER Corporate Partners attend our Annual Banquet and Clear B2B is a specialist business to business ORGANISATIONS Golf Day. Support in advertising and sponsorship across the Society was at a level not marketing and public relations company which TO PROMOTE works in the UK and internationally with a seen before and we would like to thank everyone relatively small number of larger organisations BEST PRACTICE for their continued support and look forward to in specifi c industry sectors including aerospace, WITHIN THE working with you in 2014. Wishing you a prosperous New Year! defence and security. We advise clients on INTERNATIONAL marketing communications strategies and If you would like to fi nd out more about the develop and implement appropriate programmes AEROSPACE benefi ts of becoming a Corporate Partner, please to achieve their agreed business objectives. SECTOR contact Simon Levy, Corporate Partner Manager, E [email protected]
Contact: Simon Levy Corporate Partner Manager E [email protected] T +44 (0)20 7670 4346
54 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Obituary ICKO SZLOMA TENENBAUM
CEng FRAeS Melbourne International Airport at Tullamarine in the 1919–2013 early 1970s. Icko joined the Royal Aeronautical Society in In 1938, at the age of 18, Icko Tenenbaum’s parents 1949 as the Australian Division was forming, and moved their family from the eastern border of Poland remained a member for 63 years until his death. Dur- to Australia via the UK, just before the German ing 1977-1979 he served as Chairman of the Mel- invasion of Poland and the outbreak of WW2. Icko bourne Branch but was a Councillor of the Australian enrolled at Melbourne University and was the fi rst Division for a much longer period and also a Trustee student to gain a waiver from the policy at the time until 2013. In 1957, he was made a Life Member of of not accepting non-English speaking students. He the Association of Architects, Engineers, Surveyors graduated in 1942 as the Dux of the Engineering and Draughtsmen Australia, a union of professionals course, after learning English and working a number he helped to set up in 1944, and also volunteered in of manual jobs along the way. His grasp of federal and state offi ces. Icko was ferocious as an mathematics was of a very high order and of great advocate for engineers’ rights, pay and conditions ICKO use during his career. and social justice as an idea that needed to be put TENENBAUM His service to aviation began in 1942, when he into practice for all. Icko would represent his Asso- ciation as an Advocate in the various claims tribunals ASSISTED was asked by the Commonwealth government to forego participating in the war and to work instead and was more than able to hold his own against op- GREATLY IN with the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) and posing Counsel. On one memorable occasion, when THE EARLY later the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Early tasks confronted by a QC who was belittling the engineer- included identifying sites for new landing strips in the ing profession, Icko’s response was ‘you would not FORMATION OF raw jungles of Papua and New Guinea, a task that be competent to do my job but I, demonstrably, am THE AUSTRALIAN required a great understanding of aircraft take-off able to do yours!’ Very typical of the man. SAFETY AND performance and other critical parameters, includ- He retired in 1983 having been the Chief ing rapidly changing weather conditions. During this Engineer, Aircraft Certifi cation, at CAA since 1977. AIRWORTHINESS period he also invented the fi rst Automatic Runway After his retirement he continued to be involved in SYSTEMS Selector system for identifying precisely whether an CAA and later CASA business and was strongly op- THAT HAVE aircraft would exceed crosswind limits and should posed to the change of direction towards ‘Affordable change runways. He went on to become Chief of Safety’. In the late 1980s he also contributed on a CONTRIBUTED the Aerodynamics and Flight Engineering section of voluntary basis to Federal Government inquiries into TO THE the Directorate of Air Navigation and Safety. He later aviation safety as an expert witness. OUTSTANDING helped in founding the new Certifi cation Branch. He is survived by his three children, Anna, Linda Another important experience, and one that and David, two grand children and three great- SAFETY shaped his later career, was the 1945 loss of a grandchildren. RECORD OF modifi ed Avro Stinson due to metal fatigue of the welded steel tube wing spar. Aviation safety became Murray Stimson COMMERCIAL his driving force and he represented Australia at MRAeS AND GENERAL early meetings of the International Civil Aviation Honorary Secretary Melbourne Branch, AVIATION IN Organization (ICAO) in Montreal. In Australia, he RAeS Australian Division was instrumental in developing our unique general Material Provided by: AUSTRALIA AND aviation airworthiness standards, early standards for Tenenbaum family, Gary Sunderland, David Rees, WORLDWIDE airports and the design and certifi cation of the new Roger Meyer, John Fincher and Ross Barkla
CAREER FLIGHTPATH magazine UK astronaut-in-training, Tim Peake Gautam Lewis of Freedom in the Air The third issue of the Society’s biennial in-house Dawn Elson, Head of Engineering at London careers magazine is now available, covering a wide Gatwick Airport range of features, ranging from entry routes into Career Flightpath is FREE to readers and additional aerospace and aviation career pathways — including free copies are available to schools, colleges, university study and apprenticeships — as well as universities and youth groups. Contact careers@ career development advice, such as how to make aerosociety.com to request copies. the most of networking opportunities and graduate/ Our thanks to the following advertisers for their internship recruitment tips. support to the third edition: CTC Wings; Safran There are also features on technology and the Group; Raytheon UK; Bucks New University; outlook for UK aerospace and aviation, as well as Cranfi eld University; University of Manchester and interviews with inspirational individuals including: MSc Aerospace Bursary Scheme.
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 55 Afterburner Elections Recent Recent elections to SOCIETY OFFICERS
RAeS Engineering Council President: Jenny Body Elections Registration President-Elect: Air Cdre Bill Tyack BOARD CHAIRMEN FELLOWS CHARTERED Wenjia Shen ENGINEERS Howard Stinton Audit and Compliance Chairman: Lionel Bee Rowan Arnott Simon Taylor Prof David Allerton John Slattery Richard Bower Oliver Trisic Learned Society Chairman: Prof Graham Roe Nick West Stephen Bury John Turnbull Membership Services Chairman: Liam Butterworth Steven Wooding Martin Broadhurst MEMBERS Jonathan Carroll Colin Woodward Professional Standards Chairman: Christopher Coconnier Prof Chris Atkin Christopher Corbin Daniel Cook INCORPORATED Alistair Finlay Nicholas Crane ENGINEERS DIVISION PRESIDENTS Alexander Marshall Massimo Fanton Laura Plackett Peter Grinsted Philip Collis Australia: Air Cdre Noel G Schmidt Andrey Shnyrev Kevin Jones Matthew Davies New Zealand: Gp Capt Frank Sharp Kristina Tervo Ian McDonald Andrew Duthie Pakistan: AM Salim Arshad Roderick Paterson Paul Lillie ASSOCIATE South African: Prof Laurent Dala MEMBERS Owen Reed-Beadle Craig Proudlove Mark Reeves Hazel Reed Simon Butler Dominic Rennie Richard Thorn WITH REGRET Alastair Roberts ASSOCIATES The RAeS announces with regret the deaths of the following members: Naumaan Hamid John Russell Baxter CEng FRAeS 92 Oluwasanya Ige Alexander Joyce The Society welcomes Christopher Nicholas Gilroy CEng FRAeS 69 Muhammad Khan Anthony Hodgkinson IEng AMRAeS 82 Daniel Manzano its latest recruits Chirag Narang Capt Geoffrey Robert John Holder MRAeS 71 The following new appointments have been made to Rueban Peumalu David Charles Hopper MRAeS 85 Sarah Wiseman the headquarters staff: John Henry Robert Hurley MRAeS 85 From 6 January Richard Nicholl has been promoted AFFILIATES Brian Risdon Hurman CEng MRAeS 87 to Head of Conferences. Prof Russell Estcourt Luxton CEng MRAeS 81 Javier Crespo Anadón Simon Eddings From 9 December Laura Edward McCluskey MRAeS 83 Jose Gonzalez Vecino Dowling, who previously worked Donald Morrison CEng MRAeS 74 Zaheer Toodayan for IMechE, Peter Turner David Ronald Newman CEng FRAeS 94
APPRENTICE Georgina Joan Standing CEng MRAeS 89 AFFILIATES Peter John Stokes CEng MRAeS 87 Peter Lock Robin Taylor IEng AMRAeS 78 Charlie Logan and Rebecca Webb, who comes from Gafta, have joined Gp Capt John Winston Thorpe AFC FRAeS 68 STUDENT AFFILIATES the Conference & Events Percy Whitford MRAeS 97 Department as Conference & Aaron Butler Events Organisers. Mark Johnson ADVERTISING To advertise in any of the Royal Aeronautical Copy date Gordana Micic has accepted a Society’s publications, website or e-media please Copy date for contract as the Schools Build-a- contact: the next issue of Plane Programme Manager and Emma Bossom AEROSPACE is started on 7 January. T +44 (0)20 7670 4342 3 February. E [email protected]
56 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Society News 102nd WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT LECTURE Airbus Group CEO Delivers Compelling Message
“A modern economy ignores innovation at its peril”; this stark warning was the theme of Tom Enders’ 102nd Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture. The CEO of EADS, now Airbus Group, put forward a compelling case for national investment in advanced technology manufacturing. He naturally focused on the importance of aircraft, defence and space programmes but the message was a timely reminder that Europe and the UK could not rely entirely on services to provide employment and high-value exports. Benefi ts from aerospace fl owed generally into the economy, where a euro spent on R&D would generate two euros of added value. Dr Enders also forcibly put the case for Britain in Europe. The UK was a powerful defender of free trade and of de-regulation. Without this voice, Europe would close its frontiers; buying short term relief from competition at the expense of long-term competitiveness. Britain was needed in Europe to infl uence events and to promote best practice. In the aerospace sector, the UK government had taken several important initiatives to underpin Britain’s contribution to European aerospace. The Aerospace Growth Partnership, the Space Industry Growth Strategy and the current work on the Defence Growth Partnership continued a government-industry partnership that would keep the country in the forefront of world aerospace. But this would all be for naught unless there Top: Prior to the lecture, those innovation and excellence of both individuals and was a continued fl ow of young people coming honoured with Medals and into the industry. Investment in scientifi c and awards posed with the RAeS teams. They are conferred for achievements and technological education was vital. And this had to President, President-Elect and contributions in all disciplines of the global aero- tap all available talent, especially young women who, Medals & Awards Committee in space industry. Nominations for 2014 are now being the Business Lounge. he hoped, would emulate the career of the Society’s accepted and the nomination form is available on Above: Dr Tom Enders delivers our website. Please complete the form by 31 March President, Jenny Body. the 102nd Wilbur and Orville The Wilbur and Orville Wright Lecture was es- Wright Lecture ‘Of Bus Lanes, 2014 to submit your choice for a worthy recipient tablished to honour the two pioneering Bikes and Britain’. or team. brothers who completed the fi rst successful Above right: Jenny Body, The Lecture and Awards were followed by a RAeS President, presents black tie dinner for over 100 invited guests, includ- controlled powered fl ight on 17 December 1903. In Christopher Hutchin with the words of Boeing’s Tony Parasida, who the 2013 Young Persons’ ing senior fi gures from the military and industry. delivered last year’s Lecture, Wilbur and Orville Achievement Award. The Royal Aeronautical Society is grateful to Wright “changed the world through their creativity, Airbus Group for their sponsorship of this event. innovation and hard work …. wherever we labour in this fi eld, we’re standing on their shoulders, and we’re building upon their legacy.” Prior to the Lecture, a presentation of RAeS Honours, Medals & the Young Persons’ Achieve- ment Award was made to the winners for 2013. As the most prestigious and long-standing awards in global aerospace, the RAeS Honours, Medals and Awards honour achievements and recognise the
@aerosociety i linkedin.com/raes f facebook.com/raes www.aerosociety.com FEBRUARY 2014 57 The Last Word
COMMENTARY FROM Professor Keith Hayward RAeS Head of Research
Space races — Asian style
With memories of Sputnik bleeps and Neil growth. As with China, space-based communications Armstrong’s celestial fi rst footing, space races can and Earth resource applications will bring broadband be fun — especially if someone else is paying for to rural areas, help to monitor agriculture and better them. But, having recently read the story of James predict major weather calamities. Webb’s years as head of NASA, any illusions about the romance of human space fl ight have fully burnt Racing is bad for the wallet up. The burgeoning Asian ‘space race’ has a sad This is all to the good: however, questions have to be whiff of déjà vu. asked when prestige and regional dominance start to provide a justifi cation for investment in space Space — a universal benefi t spectaculars. It should be evident by now that I am At the same time, belief in the overall value of not a great fan of human spacefl ight; the returns space to mankind has strengthened. Remove from a huge collective investment (US, Russia communications, weather and navigation satellites and all the other commitments) just do not add and the world really would stop, or at least become up, especially when you consider the opportunity a much harder and less pleasant place in which to costs (always a prestige party-pooping concept) of live. You can also make lots of money from space- depriving other scientifi c and technological sectors related activities, although not necessarily from of resources. satellites themselves, or especially from getting Space racing has tended to make things them into orbit. The technology required for robotic even worse by forcing less than optimal decisions exploration also pushes innovation in spacecraft even within the parameters of a human space design — all the better to support more commercial programme. This takes us back to Webb and the applications — just where the UK space sector Apollo programme. Whereas Arthur C Clarke had happens to be strong. predicted an incremental route to the Moon, with a space station providing a staging post; to beat the QUESTIONS Still a one-horse race Soviets, the US opted for a technological dead-end HAVE TO BE This brings us to the putative Asian space race. approach. A wonderful collection of highly specifi c December saw both China and India launch space innovations just to take three astronauts to Moon ASKED WHEN probes, to the Moon and Mars, respectively. Up orbit and two on to the surface for a few days. PRESTIGE AND went the tabloid headlines of competing space Not to mention encouraging some of the more REGIONAL technologies. Although more realistically one egregious politics of lobbying and graft. might ask space race, what race? In real terms the China has already begun to go down the space DOMINANCE Indians are hardly out of the starting gate compared spectacular route. India would waste valuable START TO to the Chinese with their heavy lift launcher, a resources following suit. To make things worse, PROVIDE A mini-manned space station, and a navigation and fear of a Chinese manned fl ight to the Moon could JUSTIFICATION positioning system almost in place, as well as a encourage the Americans to throw money at budget at least three times as big. repeating the journey or going one better to Mars. FOR India has certainly recognised the economic and Using near space brings real benefi ts, as does INVESTMENT security gains to be had from space. There are gains robotic exploration (and in passing we should note IN SPACE to be had from pushing the pace of development in the real scientifi c returns coming from the ESA Gaia SPECTACULARS. an area where domestic competence in software will astronomical satellite); the human stuff can perhaps help to encourage a virtuous circle of innovation-led wait until the economics of access are better.
58 AEROSPACE / FEBRUARY 2014 Flight Operations Conference
AEROSPACE MEDICINE THE AIRCRAFT SYMPOSIUM COMMANDER IN THE 21ST CENTURY CLINICAL CHALLENGES IN AEROSPACE MEDICINE DECISION-MAKING, ARE WE ON THE RIGHT PATH? LONDON / 4 MARCH 2014 LONDON / 25 - 26 MARCH 2014 This symposium will act as a forum for a discussion of the latest advances in aerospace This conference explores medicine. Delegates will the vital task of making get the opportunity to consistently sound decisions examine clinical cases that based upon effective present new challenges and leadership and the efficient dilemmas for the aerospace management of resources, medicine community, as well crew and communications, as learn about advances as well as avoiding the in medical knowledge and pitfalls associated with treatment that have changed unrealistic expectations of management in the context aircraft performance or crew of flying. competencies. Sponsorship opportunities are available. www.aerosociety.com/events www.aerosociety.com/events
Stewart Named Lecture 2014 Sponsorship opportunities are available for this conference. Please contact [email protected] for further details. This lecture will take place directly after the Aerospace Medicine Symposium and will be given by Dr Roberts, Chief Medical Officer at NATS Occupational Health Services and Aero-Medical Centre. He will discuss the changing roles of air traffic controllers.
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CALL FOR PAPERS NOTIFICATION The next World Aviation Training SOUTHAMPTON / 2-5 SEPTEMBER 2014 Conference and Tradeshow will be on 1-3 April 2014 in Orlando, USA. The European Rotorcraft Forum is one of the premier events in the rotorcraft World Airline Pilot Training community’s calendar. · · Regional Airline Pilot Training The International Committee · Maintenance Training invites prospective authors to · Cabin Crew Training submit abstracts of papers for Sesión en Lengua Española presentation at the forum. ·
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