TERMINUS Vol. 20 (2018), Special Issue, pp. 1–21 doi:10.4467/20843844TE.18.009.9892 www.ejournals.eu/Terminus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-9105 Elwira Buszewicz Jagiellonian University in Kraków
[email protected] The Ode as a Genre in the Latin Poetry of Jan Kochanowski (Lyricorum libellus)* Abstract The aim of this study is to establish the place of Jan Kochanowski’s Lyricorum li- bellus (1580) in the history of Polish Renaissance neo-Latin ode presented against a wider European background. The development of this genre in this historico-lit- erary period in Poland has received only fragmentary reporting, e.g. in relation to Horatianism in literature or as a background for the vernacular ode. Yet, as Carol Maddison argues in her Apollo and the Nine, the Neo-Latin ode is, in a sense, a new genre revived and newly “devised” by Renaissance humanists. In her fundamental work, Maddison also presents the development of the ode and its variations in Italy and France. According to ancient patterns used by poets, Horatian odes (includ- ing Kochanowski’s odes) can be divided into the “Pindaric” and the “Anacreontic- Sapphic.” This division coincides to some extent with the classification of odes as “political” or “private.” Similar categorisation criteria adopted by various research- ers (Zofia Głombiowska, Jacqueline Glomski, Józef Budzyński) may result in indi- vidual odes being assigned to several different categories. The first part of this paper, therefore, emphasises the identity of the NeoLatin ode and its status as a new genre strongly related to Renaissance Humanism. In the second part, the author attempts to assign particular poems from Lyricorum libellus to patterns indicated by Mad- dison, and deals with previous attempts at classification based on differentiating be- tween political and private odes.