CONTENTS ENGINE & TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT FOR NAVAL & MERCHANT VESSELS VOL. 19. DECEMBER. 1956.

EDITORIAL: War In The Middle E«it 4 MANUFACTURERS OF ENGINE TELEGRAPH too* Air And See 5 EQUIPMENT AND LUBRICATED TYPE MELBOURNE CHAIN AND WIRE GUIDES. ARTICLES STEAMSHIP Diving To Greet Depths 6 CO. LTD. • REPAIRS CARRIED OUT PROMPTLY. New (First Lard Discusses R.N'i Role In Peace And War 9 Head Office: The first Big - Gun Ships II 31 KING ST.. MELBOURNE HRANf'HPS OR AGENCIES The Chin, Riv,r Gunboats 16 AT ALL PORTS

MARINE DIESEL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS Naval Diplomacy 20 MANAGING AGENTS FOR HOBSONS BAY DOCK AND RECONDITIONED AND RENEWED. Bridge Transmitter Portraits Of Lord Nalson 26 ENGINEERING CO. PTY. LTD and Engine Room Worlra: Witliamatown. Victoria QUICK SERVICE FOR SHIPPING COMPANIES. Rabirth Of Tha Garman N,vy 2) Receiver as shown 1 HODGB ENGINEERING CO. Progress In R.N. Air Arm 30 PTY. LTD. were fitted to Ship History Of Swords In Tha Navy 31 Work,: Suaacx St.. Sydntv. BEGG & GREIG Building Board D. and COCKBURN ENGINEERING 20 ERSKINE STREET, SYDNEY FEATURES: 8C E. Class Vessels. PTY. LTD. Phones: BX 1208, BX 7087 Na»s Of Tha World's Navias 14 Voitx Hinaa RA, Pnmaida. SHIP REPAIRERS. ETC. Parsonalitias 19

PLATE CIRCLES Book Raviawt 21 Australian Manufacturers Maritima N,ws Of Tha World 23

Can obtain aluminium in many semi-fabricated Publiihad by Tha Navy Laagua of Australia, <3 Pitt Straat, Sydnay. N.S.W. forms from one supplier—Australuco. Talaphona IU 1771.

Official Organ of th. Navy Laagua of Australia; tlw Marchant Sarvica Guild of Australasia: tha Ex-Naval Man's Association (Fodaral). pLAT Sheet (or panelling—Coiled SUBSCRIPTION RATE: 12 Issuas post free in th, British Empire, 20/-. Sheet for condenser], evapora- tor fins, awnings and Venetian blind Copiai of "H»r,ld" photographs *aad may ba obteined diract from Photo Sal,s. Sydnay Morning Harald. Huntar Straat. Sydnay. slats—Extruded Sections for archi- tectural work, decorative moulding and trim, Road Transportation vehicles—Tubing for refrigerator FOR. EVERY TYPE OF CRAFT AFLOAT evaporators—Irrigation Tubing— Circles for holloware and light fit- tings—Free Machining Stocl: for SOLID automatic lathe work—the list is, SECTIONS SECTIONS FORGINGS in fact, interminable. FOUNDRY CORRUGATED INGOT BUILDING BAR SHEET AUSTRALIAN ALUMINIUM COMPANY PTY LTD Whatever your products may b~ it is more than I kely you I lot or po'otod . the S'otr of Victoria I ANCHOR BRAND ROPE will have a requirement for l\ OM'CIf CAPSTAN aluminium. tlllfri bltafttf better

December, I9S». THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA. POOLE & STEEL LTD. Always ask for . . . PAT Hi* Excellency The Governor-Court*. SEN 43 STEPHEN ST., BALMAIN, FEDERAL COUNCIL. President: Rear Admiral H. A. Shower*. SHELLEY'S EVERYTHING TO DO WITH BOMS" N.S.W. C.B.E. (Re*d.). Deputy President: Cdr. R. A. Nettie ford. D.S.C.. V.R.D., R.A.N.R. Telephone: WB2511 Secretary - Hon. Treasurer: Neil Walford. Esq.. 312 Hinder* Sc.. Melbourne. C.l. FAMOUS DRINKS Boat Building Service and Repair* N«w South Walts Division: General Engineers, Boilermakers, Shipbuilders, Dredge Builders Patron: Hi* Excellency The Governor of New South Wale*. Obtainable from leading Preaident: Rear-Admiral H. A. Shower*. Plans, Specifications and Estimates prepared C.B.E. shops and saloons. Hiring Secretary: R I. Rae. E*q.. I) Pitt Street for Mining Dredges and Plant of all kinds. BU 1771. 1 Marine Engineering Hon. Treasurer- I . E. Trigg. E*q. Electric Welding and Oxy-Acetylene Work. Victorian Division: Patron: Hi* Excellency The Governor of SHELLEY * SONS LARS HALVORSEN SONS PTY. LTD. Victoria. Telegrams: President: Chaplain J. P. William*. O.B.E. CORDIAL FACTORY BUILDING YARD: W.f.rvi.w Sfr..t, Ryd.. WY 3249 Secretary - Hon. Treasurer: Neil Walford. BOAT SHED: Bobbin H.ad. JJ 2489 "POOLSTEEL," BALMAIN, N.S.W. Esq., 312 Hinder* St.. Melbourne. C.l. PTY. LTD. (T.legrami: "Halvorseni" Sydn.y) South Australian Division: CALTEX PRODUCTS ALWAYS ON HAND Patron: Hi* Excellency The Governor of Amith Australia. MURRAY STRPFT. President: Lieut.-Comdr. C. C. Shinkfield. I H IQ QPI^fl K A N R. (retd.). MARRICKVILl.E. Hon. Sec.: K. W. Adcock. E*q.. 131 Gren- N.S.W. Wilh. WILHELMSEN AGENCY fell Street. Adelaide. WAILES DOVE BITUMASTIC PRODUCTS Tasmanian Division: 'Phone: LA 5461. Patron: VKC-Admiral Sir Guy Wyatt. PTY. LTD. K.H.E., C.B.. R.N. (retd.). BITUROS SOLUTION & HARD ENAMEL President: C. H. Hand. Esq.. M.H.A. SYDNEY & MELBOURNE Hon. Sec.i Coadr. G. E. W. W. Bayly. O.B.E.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.V.R. (retd). THE WORLD'S BEST PROTECTION 726 Sandy Bay Rd . Lower Sandy Bav. Hobart. (or

Western Australian Division: FRESH WATER DRINKING TANKS. Patron: His Excellency The Governor of Representative for: Western Australia. President: Hon. Sir Frank Gibson. K.C.M.G. Hon. Sec. • Hon. Treas.: K. Olton, E*q.. WILHELMSEN LINES, OSLO 62 Blencowe St.. We»t Leederville. W.A J. WILDRIDGE & SINCLAIR PTY. LTD. AUSTRALIA-WEST PACIFIC LINE, HELSINBORG Queensland Division: 97 PITT ST., SYDNEY, N.S.W. Patron: Hi* Excellency The Governor of Queensland. MELBOURNE BRISBANE AMERICAN PIONEER LINE, NEW YORK Precedent: Comdr. N. S. Fiiley. M.B.E.. V.R.D.. R.A.N.R. (retd.). Ryan Hou*e. AGENTS: Eaalr Street. Briibane. SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM, STOCKHOLM Hon. Sac.i Lieut.-Comdr. O. C. McDonald. ADELAIDE . . . GIBBS BRIGHT «£ CO. R.A.N.V.R. (retd ). Box M4IT. G.P.O.. Briibane. PLRTH . . . FLOWER, DA VIES & JOHNSON. HOB ART ... R. L. MILUGAN. Australian Capital Territory Division: Preaident: Hi* Excellency. G. E. L. Aldrrton. C.M.G. (High Commissioner MORRISON & for New Zealand). Hon. Ssc. • Hon. Traa*.: Comdr. A. D. SINCLAIR For the Best Soft Drinks Mcl.achlan. R.A.N. (Retd ). 49 Froggatt St.. Turner. Canberra. ACT. Phone JAMES McKEOWN, SONS PTY. LTD. J 2311. PTY. LTD. / ll Always say . . . -" MANUFACTURERS OF THE FAMOUS AUSTRALIAN SEA CADET COUNCIL. MARCHANT'S H,[iirwn[,[i.,i of III. Naval Hoard Wi / *»• Director of Naval Keanvct. Capt. A. W. Dally Football Boots L. McNkholl. C.B.E.. G.M.. R.A.N (Chairman). Shipbuilders m Comdr. P. R. lame., R.A.N. R*pnMnt.tivw of Th. N«r la«M> LONGNOSE POINT AND Comdr'. R. A. NtitWold. DSC. Office tC Fartory: 34 YORK ST., RICHMOND, VICTORIA V.R.D.. R A N.V.R. SYDNEY Thone: J A 5131. L. C Praraon, Eaq.; L. Porerth.. Eao . Lietir. (Si r O Evana. R A N.V.R Don Bradman Cricket Boots Hon. Sarrctarv: R N.-il Walford 'Phone: WB 1951 (2 lines)

2 THE NAVY December, 1956. 3 \1 ^.-r-.v

"local" wars, waged with conventional weapons, as well as the dreaded global war with its fearful potential of' destruction by nuclear weapons. A conflagration can be prevented by prompt action at what is a small incipient fire ORIENT LINE Serves 5 Continents Since the end of World War II British forces have been engaged in local wars in Korea and now in Egypt. They have been committed to military action in the geurilla fighting in Malaya and against the Mau Mau. France has been engaged in Korea, in Indo-China, and in North Africa. We have seen the "local" war between India and Pakistan, and the so-called police action which failed to continue Dutch rule in the East Indies. Australia, as well as the other Commonwealth countries, must be prepared to meet "local" aggression. We must not forget Indonesian ambi- tions in New Guinea. We must not ignore the fact ENGLAND that for our own protection our interests are tied VIA SUEZ to the interests of other nations, and that we must be ready to discharge our responsibilities if called upon to do so. The mobility and flexibility of the Navy qiakes it our first line of defence. It should be given fhe men. arms, and facilities to carry out its duty with confidence.

AIR AND SEA No sensible person would attempt to underrate the immense significance of aircraft development— serves are causing alarm, and cabled dispatches PACIFIC VOL. 19. DECEMBER. 1954. No. 12. in peace and war. But there are, regrettably, some hint at British approaches to America to suspend SERVICE the interest payments, now coming due, on dollar who sec modern aircraft as the sole answer to our WAR IN- THE MIDDLE EAST loans. needs of transport and aims. Above all, a harsh result has been a rift in Anglo- An interesting sidelight on this was given in The British - French action in the Suez Canal area PACIFIC American friendship which temporarily at least has Britain recently by Admiral Sir Michael M. Denny, has ended British and French forces are leaving when speaking to the United Service Institution. CRUISES the Canal zone and indications are that the with- pushed the two countries further apart than at He pointed out that U.K. imports and exports in drawal will he completed by Christmas. any time since before World War II. 1954 from all areas by air was approximately A token United Nations "police" force is moving These, for Britain, arc the immediate fruits of 300,000 tons out of a total of dry cargo imports in to keep the uneasy cease-fire between Egypt and Suez. What will be the long t£rm results? Time and exports of 90 million tons. Israel. British Naval salvage units, meanwhile, have alone will tell. But if Britain has achieved her in- He went cn to illustrate the relative carrying been clearing parts of the canal—choked by the tention of breaking the dangerous Egyptian clutch capacities of ships and aircraft by comparing a blockships which Egypt sank when the Anglo- on the Canal, the results arc very significant indeed, modern cargo vessel and a Bristol Britannia. French action began. not only to Britain herself but to the whole of the "It is estimated that it would take 20 Britannias Apart from any question of the morality of the maritime world. to carry in one year the same quantity of bulk Anglo-French intervention—and the British Com- The Suez Canal, as the 1888 Convention empha- cargo across the Atlantic as one modern cargo ship monwealth itself is divided on this point—what has sised, is a waterway of international importance— of 10,000 tons deadweight," he said. this action gained? In the immediate sense the economically, commercially, and strategically. In "This estimate is based on the assumption that result has been chaos. The canal has been put out fact it is the world's most important waterway and the aircraft would each fly 3,000 hours a year and of action for at least six months, according to its Control cannot be allowed to rest in the hands that the ship, under war conditions, would make expert reports. Port Said and the Egyptian air- of a capricious dictator. from four and a half to five round voyages fields have been shattered by the air- and naval- Britain from the outset has urged international Over 30,000 miles annually. power of the two intervening countries. Lives have control of the Canal. The London conference of 22 "As a new vessel of this kind would cost under around the world been lost on both sides. maritime nations supported this contention. It is to £750,000 and the cost of 20 Britannias would be be hoped that the United Nations, now that they Britain, as her leaders must have expected, is in the region of £15 million, it is clear that the use have moved into the Canal zone, will ensure that now feeling the economic pinch which the Suez of aircraft for the conveyance of any worthwhile the international character of the canal is continued. Z J LINE closure has caused. Petrol rationing is imminent. quantity of bulk cargo would be impracticable, even ORIENT S.N. CO. LTD.. Incorporated in England There is talk of rationing by price regulation—in The Middle East affair should bring home to the if the number of aircraft could be spared for such the form of higher petrol tax which will mean Governments of the Commonwealth countries the a wasteful service." higher petrol prices. Britain's gold and dollar re- vital necessity of being prepared to cope with Dtumbcr, 1964. 4 THE NAVY 1 DIVING TO GREAT DEPTHS

News was received in London recently from H.M.S. "Reclaim" (Lieutenant- Commander G. M. H. Drummond, R.N.), Hie Navy's Experimental Diving Ship, that a new world record for deep diving has been established in Norwegian waters.

TP HE dive was made from been steadily increasing its effi- uses a breathing mixture of oxygen H M.S. Reclaim by Senior ciency in the realm f deep diving. and helium. Two ships, the Ex- Commissioned Boatswain George The object has not been to estab- perimental Diving Ship, H.M.S. Wookcy. aged 34, of Plymouth, lish further records but to make Reclaim, and the Submarine Res- who reached a depth of 600 feet diving to great depths a matter of cue Ship, H.M.S. Kingfisher, have in a helmeted flexible diving suit, routine. recently been fitted with com- receiving a breathing mixture of Deep diving means the opera- pletely new systems for supplying oxygen and helium supplied from tion of flexible suited helmet divers with this mixture. It is an the Reclaim. divers, supplied and controlled improvement on air for two The previous world record was from a surface vessel, to depths to reasons. First, nitrogen in air pro- established by Petty Officer Diver 180 feet and downwards. Many duces a narcotic effect which pre- William Bollard of the Royal people have the impression that vents the diver working at full Navy, who reached the depth of the helmet diver has been out- efficiency in depths exceeding 240 535 feet in Loch Fyne on August dated by the invention of the feet. Second, the oxygen content 28, 1948. aqualung. This is quite false. The of air is such that it reaches a toxic pressure at just under 300 The record dive was made in aqualung is a shallow diving ap- feet. Three hundred feet can, accordance with new diving tables paratus. The French, the acknowl- therefore, be regarded as the out- calculated by two officers of the edged experts in its use, say that side safety limit for a diver using staff of the Royal Naval Physio- only specialists should venture compressed air. logical Laboratory, Alverstoke, with it below 60 metres (just following research carried out at under 200 feet) and that the There is no such limit for the this establishment. The two offi- "fatal limit" is not far beyond 80 oxy-helium mixture. Helium ap- cers, Mr. H. V. Hompleman. metres (260 feet). parently has no narcotic effect. If Senior Scientific Officer, of Gos- More picturesque language is such an effect does exist, it is port, and Surgeon Commander used by an American writer des- likely to be at a depth beyond that W. E. Crockcr. R. N.. are at pres- rriKiig the use of the aqualung. at which other limiting factors will ent in H.M.S. Rccldim. He says that "the free diver who intervene. The chief of these is Senior Commissioned Boatswain descends even to 200 feet has one the decompression time Wookcy joined the Royal Navy in foot on a tightrope between mor- Oxygen phoning can be pre- 1939. He has been a diver for 12 j tality and oblivion." Hence the vented by limiting the percentage years and took part in diving deep diver begins roughly where of oxygen in the mixture. Such a operations during the search for the aqualung diver leaves off. mixture does not provide adequate the submarine Affray, lost in the This does not mean that it will oxygen until a certain depth is English Channel. In recent trials never be possible to "free swim" reached. A change over must take he reached a depth of 1,060 feet at great depths with self-con- place from air to mixture at a in an observation chamber. He is tained apparatus. This may come fixed level both in the descent and a married man with daughter aged in the not too distant future but the ascent, or the diver will suffer 12 and his home is in Bridewell not with apparatus of the aqua- from lack of oxygen at shallower Road, West Hill, Plymouth. lung type, which is fundamentally depths. During the record dive Able unsuitable for very deep work, The result of experimental work Seaman George Clucas, 24. of and not without elaborate control on oxy-helium diving so far is that Newcastle - on - Tyne, was the arrangements comparable with divers working from the Reclaim diver's .assistant. those now necessary for the hel- and the Kingfisher can carry out Among 300 National Service tralnaai who returnad to Sydney on November « in the aircraft-carrier H.M>.S. "Sydney" Since the world record dive of met diver. routine dives to a depth of 430 from a voyage to Singapore and Hong Kong »ar« Queensla ndert Jim Nutter, of (Ipswich, and John Wade, of St. George, 535 feet carried out on August feet and work at this depth for There is at present no known pictured with the coolie hats and guitars they bought during the cruise. The trainees later went to Melbourne in the 28, 1948, the Royal Navy has depth limit for the deep diver. He a maximum time of 20 minutes carrier for the Olympic Games.

* THE NAVY December, 1956. " ' with ease comp .-able with that 9 NEW FIRST LORD DISCUSSES R.IVVS experienced at about 100 feet Navy Surgeons Use when breathing air. of Polio Vaccine ROLE I> PEACE AND WAR This limit is not governed by physical exhaustion but by the ALK poliomyelitis vaccine mately 26,000 children and parents Making bis first public spaach as First Lard of tha Admiralty, th* Rt. Ho*. Viscount Haikham, 9.C., at a Navy League laochooa orgoabod to com- before further spread of the fact that while the diver is at S apparently can be given with memorate the anniversary of Nelson's victory at Trafalgar, said IM was "faced depth, the helium gas penetrates relative safety to both children and disease could occur. Previous out- inescapably with KM necessity far a programme of M construction at a rime his tissues and the longer he stays adults during an outbreak of polio- breaks tended to last for several when public opinion is visibly clamouring far a redaction la tha Estimates far down and the deeper he is the myelitis, the Surgeon General of months. tha fighting Services." more helium is absorbed. This the United States Navy, Rear Ad- Admiral Hogan directed that a means that a diver will take longer miral Bartholomew W. Hogan, special allotment of vaccine from TpHE First Lord made this state- he could say that all was well in mountains, deserts and oceans, but to "decompress." M.C., U.S.N., announced recently. the Navy's share under the Fed- mcnt after observing that the the matter of accommodation and sincc 1945 no nuclear weapon had eral Interstate allocation plan be Navy had, for reasons which were To "decompress" in the shortest Releasing the results of use of buildings. But accommodation and been exploded in anger. Instead sent for this purpose. Vaccine in themselves laudable enough but possible time without risking "de- the vaccine during an outbreak of buildings, as his predecessor had there had been a constant use on was also made available by the whose consequences might be compression sickness," more gen- poliomyelitis last autumn among pointed out, were very far from a small and limited scale of con- National Foundation for Infantile serious, delayed in modernising the erally known as "the bends," is Navy families living in Hawaii, he satisfactory and a programme of ventional weapons in a number of Paralysis and the Territorial Fleet. Even the new Tiger Class a complex problem, particularly stated that there was no evidence £70,000,000 would be necessary apparently unconnected, but in Health Department. cruisers, when they come into ser- with helium, and one which has that the vaccine,had caused paraly- to bring them up to standards truth interdependent, incidents A voluntary programme of vac- vice, which they have not yet not yet been completely solved. sis to occur among persons who which all agreed are required in taking place in almost every cination was started in early Oc- done, were first conceived some Much original work has been done were possibly infected with the the twentieth century. These were quarter of the world. These were tober and approximately 80 per years ago. and ships which are recently on this subject at the virus at the time of vaccination. extremely daunting factors, but Korea, Malaya. Indo-China, Ken- R.N. Physiological Laboratory, cent, of the total children and now in service have hulls which they were also challenges which ya. Cyprus, and now Suet. . Alverstoke, Hants., and results are Because past outbreaks had tend- married adults applied for and in the ordinary course of events had to he met. It was true that the strength of encouraging ed to be more severe in military were given two doses of the vac- will be worn out by 1965 at the Referring to the atomic threat, Britain could be destroyed over- families stationed in Hawaii than cine. latest and in some cases soon after The importance of keeping the the First Lord questioned whether night by an atomic explosion; it in the civilian population, it was About 30 days after the vaccine 1970, he said. decompression time as short as pos- people were not becoming too pre- was also true that it could be decided to give the Salk polio- programme was started the out- sible is best illustrated by quoting The necessity for a new con- occupied with this. During the brought low with no less cer- myelitis vaccine to the approxi- break was almost over. an example. After five minutes on struction programme would be past ten years a number of atomic tainty by a series of conventional the bottom at 600 feet, a diver easier to face if at the same time explosions had taken place over nibbles which she was unable to must remain under gradually re- ducing pressure for five hours and disconnects supply pipe and drill are also needed in a variety 38 minutes before finally "sur- breastrope and finally closes the of tasks on the surface. facing." lower door, so locking in the The operation of the control The term "surfacing" applies to chamber air pressure equivalent to valve which regulates the divers pressure and it does not mean that its depth. The chamber is then gas supply, the handling of his the diver is in the water for the hoisted inboard and decompression breastrope and supply pipe, the whole of the decompression proceeds in safety, pressure in the accurate timing of the decompres- period. At an early stage he enters chamber being gradually reduced sion schedule, are a few of many a submersible decompression cham- until "surface" pressure is reached. duties to be carried out. All are ber which is lowered down to Pure oxygen is breathed at the important to the well-being of the meet him. This chamber is a ver- later stages of the decompression diver. Some are essential to his tical cylinder with doors at each period and this speeds the elimina- life. end. It is supplied with air from tion of helium. A successful deep dive is there- the surface and contains an atten- fore not only a question of skill Throughout the dive communi- dant. When it is lowered into the on the part of the diver. It is a cation is maintained by loud water the lower door is open and team event. speaking telephone with the diver air pressure keeps the chamber Why is deep diving necessary? and with the attendant in the sub- clear of water on the diving hell To save life. There are vital tasks mersible decompression chambei. principle. for divers in connection with sub- At a depth of some 200 feet, Experience is needed to inter- marine escape and for this purpose the ascending diver enters the pret the diver's voice, distorted as it is necessary to establish how far chamber through the lower door. it is to a "Donald Duck" quality it is practicable for a diver to Here the attendant takes the diver by the effects of pressure and descend and work. It is with this in charge, removes his heavy gear. helium. Experience and careful object in view that trials continue.

THE NAVY W7n' TrA-'-'Mi DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S STANDARD selves and of the contribution FlfTY YEARS AGO SAW . which we have to make. "The future development of ballistic missiles makes one wonder THE FIRST BIG-GUN SHIPS whether in the long run if, which God forbid, great nations should By NORMAN BEEDLE once again enter into conflict with October sow Hw SOth anniversary of HM completion of H.M.S. "Dreodnooght," one another, the great fleets of the first big-gon ship of the Royal Navy designed under MM inspiration of Lard bombers which have dominated the Fisher. With HM recent recammissioaiag of H.M.S. "Girdte Ness." we skies in the last two wars will approach another revolution in oaval armament and possibly also in naval once again enter into conflict with shipbuilding, and it is therefore portkalariy appropriate HM* we sboaM look bach and consider what HM "Dreodnooght" and her sisters meant to the "But one thing is certain: so Royd Navy of 50 years ago. long as we remain at peace or in cold or limited war. so long as ¥JEW ships were ever more aptly have been disappointed in the wrought at the expense of the there is a need to carry out in- * named thin Dreadnought, first latest of the line. secondary armament — hitherto a fluence from the Falkland Island of the Royal Navy's "all-big-gun" Vickers steam turbines drove fire-controller's i.ightmare — con- to the Far East, over Asia and vessels, and forerunner of the the 17,900 ton Dreadnought sisting on previous vessels of a Africa, from the north of Norway greatest battleship-building revolu- through the water at a speed of heterogeneous collection of 9.2 south to Antarctica, so long will tion since the coming of the iron- 21 knots. This was the first time inch. 6 inch, and twelve pounders. there be an urgent and indis- clad. a capital vessel of this size had Instead, only the quick-firing pensable need for a Royal Navy Commissioned in late 1906, less been fitted with the new machi< twelve pounders remained. 24 in capable of discharging its duty. than 14 months after a "hush- nery. and gave her several knots in all, for dealing with venturesome We may have U> put up with a hush" laying-down at Portsmouth hand over existing battleships. torpedo craft. Five submerged smaller Navy than we would like, Dockyard, Dreadnought owed Provision was also made for the torpedo-tubes, four broadside and but let us resolve not to be con- much of her speedy inception and use of either coal or oil fuel-- one astern, completed Dread- tent with an obsolete one. For, revolutionary design to the far- another revolutionary step. nought's armament; although on remember, three years after the seeing genius of Sir John Fisher, Armour, too, had been in- later vessels the twelve pounders weapons are off the production then in his first term of office as creased and now reached a maxi- were to give way to a more lethal line in Russia they are in the First Sea Lord. mum thickness of 11 inches at 6 inch secondary' armament. hands of Russian satellites. We It was the volcanic Fisher, who, vital points. Submarine attack was Early 1907 saw Dreadnought cannot use inferior or obsolete acutely aware of the rapidly grow- anticipated by the addition of sub- take her place as flagship of the material. Signal ratings at H.MAS. "Kuttabul" inspect tha It ft. 1 » f». standard of ttia ing German menace in the North stantial torpedo-bulges, both at, Home Fleet, a potent reminder to Dab of Edinburgh, which arrived in Sydnay by air on November 7. Sea, refused to be content with a and below the water-line. "The present situation is, as I hostile powers of British naval total of some 30 or 40 existing have said, daunting. But it is a But, by far the most outstand- strength. But nevertheless, Britain capital ships; placing his faith counter because she had devoted complete in themselves and capable challenge to us all; and having ing feature of all was the hitting could not afford to be complacent. instead in a fast, heavily armed her entire potential military of action at very much shorter no- lived as we all have lived through power of this new £1.750,000 Having rendered her existing capi- vessel capable of out-fighting two, strength to the development of a tice than a full-scale military the anxieties and dangers which warship. The primary armament tal vessels semi-obsolescent in one or even three of these warships at deterrent and in preparation for a preparation could achieve; a force have beset us since 1914, and hav- consisted of no less than ten 12- hold stroke, she now had to main- the most extreme ranges. strategy of global war which never trained to operate in all kinds of ing survived as we all have sur- inch guns — six more than that of tain her lead in this new field. How well he succeeded is now happened. climates and above all things vived so long in the midst of so any other vessel afloat. These Germany speedily took up the naval history; and almost over- were mounted in five twin turrets; "It is evident that in the present ready, economic, mobile and. at many and great dangers, I can- challenge, widening the Kiel Canal night. the battleships of the world two for'd, one aft, and one on age we need a mobile force, flex- the point where it is applied, it is not bring myself to believe that in to accommodate the increasing were split into two classes — cither beam; an arrangement ible in its character, capable of to be hoped decisive," the First these latter days we shall go down dimensions of her warships, and Dreadnoughts and prc-Drcad- enabling eight of the guns to be bringing air power to bear where Lord continued. to disaster in a welter of little the final stage of a naval race that noughts. trained on either broadside, or there are no aerodromes, or no "This role we cannot fulfil men and mean measures." was to culminate in the mists of alternatively, six ahead or astern. aerodromes in our control; peace- without the Navy. It is no func- The new warship was the ninth Jutland nine years later, was ful in its nature, capable of tion of the modern naval com- of her name. Forebears had dis- Here indeed, was the "all-big- under way. making its appearance unob- mander or of the Minister respon- tinguished themselves under Drake gun" ship with a vengeance — a By the outbreak of the 1914-18 trusively and withbut political sible for the Navy to belittle or at Cadiz, and with Nelson at Tra- vessel capable of taking on twq war, both nations possessed a con- domination, in distant quarters of disparage the vital and indispen- falgar. Tradition was precious in prc-Dreadnoughts on the broad- siderable fleet of Dreadnoughts the world showing the emblem of sable contributions of the other the Royal Navy, and ancestors side. or three of the same class and battle cruisers, although Britain in friendliness but also in two services, but on this occasion who had fought under Britain's firing ahead or astern. Britain, by utilising her tremen- strength; a power that is capable and in this company it is as well. greatest admirals demanded a This tremendous increase in dous shipbuilding potential to the of moving small bodies of troops I think, to consider a little of our- worthy successor. Nor would they primary fire-power had been full had managed to increase her

INC NAVY December, I Hi. II -1

lead. The Royal Navy also held War, and after taking part in cruisers Cressy, Hogue and trump cards in the shape of seve- many sweeps of the North Sea Abotil(ir within three-quarters of ral super-Dreadnought battleships with the Grand Fleet, Dread- an hour, whilst in the U-9. Crowds Swarm Aboard Submarine and battle cruisers mounting 13.5 nought. commanded by Captain Responsible also for the loss of the inch guns; whilst almost nearing Alderson achieved further fame cruiser Huu'J^e, his untimely end completion was the i^uceri Eliza- by ramming the U-29 whilst on must have dealt a grave blow to beth class equipped with a 15 inch patrol in March, 1915. the morale of the enemy underseas armament. H M S. Dreadnought. This proved to be the vessel of raiders. 1 in fact, was already middle-aged Commander Wcddigen, the sub- But Dreadnought never took Age, however, was no object at marine ace, who earlier in the war her place in the line at Jutland. the beginning of the First World had torpedoed the armoured After the German raid on Lowe- stoft on 25th April, 1916, the Third Battle Squadron, consisting of Dreadnought and seven pre- Dreadnoughts was detached from the Grand Fleet and based on the Thames as a deterrent. After Jutland, the brief career of the famous ship rapidly drew to a close. Paid off on 7th August, 1918, the end of the war found her still and deserted, with only the ghosts of an illustrious past for a crew. She was placed in reserve com- mission at Rosyth, on 25th Feb- ruary, 1919. and on 31st March, 1920, appeared on the Admiralty "For Sale" list together with the pre-Dreadnought Lord Nelson and others. As a final mockery, two prc-Dreadnoughts, the Agamem- non and Comrmmu'eulth survived her. remaining in commission as target and gunnery ships. Apart from a law suit, the result of a minor collision with a Norwegian vessel whilst moored in the Firth of Forth in December. 1920. little more was heard of Dreadnought until August of the following year when she was finally sold as scrap for £44,000. Ironically enough, several of the Navy's pre - Dreadnoughts had played far more active roles in the war than their successor; but there can be little doubt that had war broken out earlier, say, in 1907, Dreadnought would have taken a The Duke of Edinburgh'on November 21 impacted H.M.A.S. "Albetrou," the R.A.N. eir station at Novrre /(N.S.W.). Ha i> shown Kara discussing with Lieutenant- major part in deciding the issue at Commander L M. Bataman survival eaerctses if naval aircraft crash. Lieutenant- sea. As it was, she had to be con- Commander 'Bataman had bean shot into the "ditching" pool in a dummy 'cockpit. tent to watch others reap the Pictured with tha Duke is Captain P. £. Fanthawe, Commanding Officer of H.M.A.S. "Albatroa." glories of battle in her stead.

12 THE NAVY Finally the work was accepted in the English Cathedral and the As a preparatory measure, it by two who have always proved latter in the Rhodesian. stated, the U.S. Navy had ordered NEWS OF THE WORLD'S NAVIES extremely good friends to the At the commissioning ceremony a big air strike force to sea. Museum. Messrs. William Cory Salisbury, Rhodesia, and the Eng- The 60,000-ton carrier Forrestal 6i Son, Ltd., undertook the rig- lish cathedral city of that name had steamed out of Norfolk, Two Rovd aircraft Loch Killisport. which sailed from first time since the war. almost for ging and preparation of the mast, were represented by the High Atlantic coast base, with the collide in air Portsmouth recently for service on the first time in my life, I have while Sir Robert McAlpine & Commissioner for the Federation 45,000-ton carrier Franklin D. Two Royal Australian Navy the East Indies Station and the begun to find it hard to say that I Sons Ltd., who had previously of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Sir Roosevelt, the heavy cruisers Des Firefly aircraft collided in the air Persian Gulf. The frigate carried am half American and still harder lifted the mast from the river and Gilbert McCall Rennie, G.B.E. Moines, and more than a dozen near Jervis Bay (southern N.S.W. 20 marines. to say that I am proud of it." brought it to the Museum grounds K.C.M.G., M.C., and Lady Ren destroyers. coast) on November 27 and the Loweriaq of W.R.N.S. Explosioa, tiro oa free of charge, undertook the nie and the Bishop of Salisbury U.S. Navy headquarters said pilot and observer of one were oge limit former Navy ship ground works and actual erection, the Rt. Rev. William L. Ander the ships would remain under the which has recently been satisfac- lost. The lower age limit for entry The former Australian Navy son, D.S.C., D.D., Mrs. Ander direct operational control of torily completed. A helicopter rescued the pilot into the Women's Royal Naval L.S.T. Taraltan. on which eight son, and civic representatives from Admiral Jerrauld Wright, and observer of the other aircraft Salisbury. Supreme Commander of the Service has been reduced from 18 men lost their lives in an explo- The mast is from a single tree, after it had "ditched" into the The Commander • in - Chief, Atlantic alliance Naval forces, to 17$ years. The consent of sion and fire in Sydney Harbour and was originally 129 feet in sea. Plymouth. Admiral Sir Mark and commander of the U.S. parents or guardians will, how- in 1950, was nearly the scene of length, but the lower part, for- The aircraft were on a training Pizey, K.B.E., C.B., D.S.O., and Atlantic Fleet. ever, be required by all recruits a similar disaster further upstream merly below deck level, was found flight from the R A N. air station Lady Pizey and the Lord Mayor wishing to enter the Service under on November 27. to have opened up some-what, and The newsagency quoted the at Nowra. and Lady Mayoress of Plymouth the age of eighteen. Reports state that a spark from it was found advisable to cut it - Joint Chiefs of Staff as having The missing pilot and observer were also present. In addition to widening the an oxy-acetylene torch caused an away. The mast now stands 105 emphasised that there was "no vanished when their plane hit the recruiting field, the new minimum explosion, in which the oil tanks feet above the ground, the same new, imminent crisis." water with great force. age limit will shorten the gap blew up, sending flames and black height that it previously rose A wide search was carried out Triboto to Royal Navy between leaving school and entry smoke hundreds of feet in the air. above the deck of the yacht. by three air-sea rescue launches, in the Service. It will also enable Two workmen on the ship pro- Early last month the United two helicopters, and other naval young women of this age group, bably saved their lives by throw- States Joint Chiefs of Staff stated Sydney "Daily Telegraph's" aircraft, without success. from whom many enquiries are ing several oxy-acetylene cylinders that U.S. service commanders in correspondent in the Suez Canal 4 . . »- if. a Hnmy jn» ww^i received at recruiting offices, to overboard to prevent their explod- all parts of the world had been Zone, Ronald Monson, in a dis- • . ii H.M.S. Salisbury, first of the settle in a full time career in the ing in the flames. warned to tighten their defence patch to his newspaper late last By innHM new aircraft direction frigates was readiness. month, praised the Royal Navy's W.R.N.S. Firemen used foam and water The commander of the Royal commissioned on October 22 at f-— J " »«. L- ' —« -* •• on the fire for more than an hour American Associated Press re- operations in clearing part of the dNjKKKI WOn I DC INRmli Yacht Britannia, which brought before bringing it under control. Plymouth. She is also the first ship ported that some naval training Suez Canal of Egyptian block- the Duke of Edinburgh to Austra- says Hnt Lard to he built in Devonport Dock- manoeuvres had been cancelled. ships. lia for the Olympic Games last England would not be bullied Mmmm ipfi mast yard since the war. month, presented three glass over her actions in the Suez Canal from Royal Yacht H.M.S. Salisbury, commanded panels to the N.S.W. branch of zone, the First Lord of the Admi- The former mizzen mast of H.M. by Commander W. A. E. Hall, the Royal Empire Society. ralty, Lord Hailsham, said at yacht Victoria and Albert III has R.N., has an overall length of 340 The panels, a gift of the Admi- Oxford (U.K.), on November 30. recently been erected outside the feet and a beam measurement of ralty, were from the previous Referring to criticism of Britain National Maritime Museum. The 40 feet. Her main armament will Royal yacht, Victoria and Albert. in the United States and United Museum has long desired a spar consist of two 4.5 in. guns with The panels bear a coloured Nations, Lord Hailsham said "We of suitable dimensions from some two smaller weapons. HOS arabesque design. will not be sermonised. And historic ship to replace the rather Royal Marines to lerve please, we do not wish to hear any inadequate flag staff previously She is the seventh ship to bear At HM corMf of PHadm ft I ia urn* ships moral lectures from those whose used, and so was extremely glad her name in the Royal Navy, the Hocks luxurious hotel will become known m a great hotel for it* food, drink and service, The Admiralty has announced moral weakness and incapacity to to accept the gracious offer by Her first being a 48-gun fourth-rate luxurious dining room, lounges, and cocktail bar. all air'conditioned. the innovation of a high that Royal Marine detachments see the facts was the precipitating Majesty the Queen of this mast, acquired by the Service in 1698 terrace and the self*contained beautifully furnished and the sixth an American World bedrooms, opens up a new era in Melbourne for tl are to be embarked in certain factor in the present crisis." together with other relics from the enjoyment and entertainment of frigates instead of seamen. Lord Hailsham said he had been old Royal Yacht. War I destroyer, transferred to This is a departure from the trying to arrange a technical meet- Plans for the rigging of the mast the Navy in 1940. The Gi—ista wad tfcoaa traditional sea service of Royal ing on clearing the Suez Canal. were prepared by the Construc- The Deans and Chapters of the Womm tf» bear in Mdkm. Marines, who until now have "That meeting has so far been tive Department of H.M.- Dock- Cathedrals at both cities of Salis- served only in ships of the size of frustrated in New York," he yard, Chatham, but some diffi- bury have agreed to accept the cruisers and above. added. culty was experienced in finding White Ensign and Union Flag TSLKPHONK: MB 5121 The first of three frigates to be Lord Hailsham, whose mother firms who would undertake the flown during the Salisbury's com- manned by marines is H.M.S. was an American, said: "For the necessary rigging and erection. missioning, the former to be hung

THE NAVY M Docombor, I fit. IS Lower, from Wusung to Hankow; faster and more heavily armed the huge, paper-decorated palan- THE CHINA RIVER GUNBOATS Middle, from Hankow to Ichang; than their predecessors, and boast- quin in which the body of a dead By A. CECIL HAMPSHIRE—fa and Upper, from Ichang to ed superior living accommodation. patriarch is borne to its last resting Chungking. Although the "In- China gunboats never paid off. place in the hills facing the river, and Co—ml Lists woro IN Hie spacious days bstwtss the wars before Part sects" could reach Ichang at all The authorities at home were well attended by the wailing of profes- thought of. HM averoge young Lleutencmt-Commaedsr might times, the Upper section was aware of the effect on morale of a sional mourners and the machine- holding a unique commoad. attainable only during certain body of men cooped up within the gun ripple of fire-crackers to scire months of the year. Above Ichang limited compass of a small vessel away evil spirits. They saw, too, Bee. the Yangtse flagship, and the But for a long time no warships OT unly would he h.ivc be- precipitous gorges extend for 160 in a hot. moist climate. Half the death and destruction wrought by Tarantula (S.N.O West River) suitable for river work were in- N come a fresh water sailor, miles, between which the river be- crews were therefore relieved an- Man and Nature; by civil wars, had a 6-inch gun removed to pro- cluded in the China Squadron. hut in addition to normal respon- comes a stretch of swift flowing nually, each having completed the floods and typhoons; by disease vide quarters for their senior offi- Six first-class gunboats of 700-800 sibilities, he might be called upon rapids with currents reaching 14 statutory 2$ years' commission by and poverty; and they felt the cers. tons were on the station, but the to cope at the drop of a hat with knots. the time they reached home. fascination of the great rivers battle, murder and sudden death, first river gunboats built for the To reach the Danube the "In- The first gunboats to make the But life in gunboats was popu- upon whose bosoms whole com- coupled with the daily threat of job arrived in 1899. Known as sects" were to have been taken to passage from Ichang to Chung- lar and never monotonous. Politi- munities live out their lives in international "incidents" guaran- "shallow draught steamers," they Salonica and transported overland king were the Woodcock and cal situations caused by the ambi- junk and sampan. teed to turn an experienced diplo- were designed by Yarrow and sent in sections. But the collapse of Woodlarl; in April/May, 1899. tions of aggresive war-lords blew World War II wrote finis to mat's hair grey. For all this, and out in "flotahle sections" which Serbia nullified the plan. Never- The trip took 31 days, the ships up like tropical storms in their the story of the China gunboats, more, was the lot of commanding were bolted together in the water. theless. the Glowworm and Aphis having to be hauled over the patrol areas, and were handled by which, even without the rise of officers of those one-time small but did eventually reach the Danube First arrival was the Sandpiper, rapids with the aid of coolies and the sailors on the spot with such Mao Tse-tung, could never have important units of the Navy, the in 1920. When the Austrian Em- an 85-ton vessel, 100ft. long, with stout bamboo ropes. Later two consummate skill that they rarely resumed their historic role. The China river gunboats. peror abdicated, he and his a beam of 20ft. and a draught of gunboats were permanently sta- hit the newspaper headlines at Peterel and Cicada were sunk by Up to the outbreak of World Empress and their suite were ac- 2ft. She was coal-burning, with a tioned on the Upper Yangtse. home. Activity against pirates and Japanese bombs in December, War II. 13 of these vessels pat- commodated on board the little speed of 10 knots. Armament bandits was ceaseless, and Chinese 1941. and the Tem, Robin and rolled the Yangtse and five the Glowworm comprised two 6-pounders, and as well as Europeans came to re- Moth scuttled at Hong Kong to Si-kiang, or West River. The her complement was two officers The "Insects" who relieved gard the White Ensign as a sure avoid capture in the same month. Yangtse Flotilla boasted a Rear- and 21 men. She took up her these gallant old vessels had their symbol of security. The Sandpiper, Falcon and Gan- Admiral in command, and the Of the rest, the Mantis. Moth. duties on the West River. accounting base at Hankow and These fresh water sailors rubbed net were given to the Chinese in West River Flotilla had a captain Tarantula and Scarab took part in Then followed the Woodcock refitted at Shanghai. Normally one shoulders with the teeming life of 1942, and eight others left to fight as senior naval officer. the Mesopotamian Campaign, the and Woodlarl;. larger vessels of gunboat was stationed at each of China at close quarters. They saw elsewhere. Most of the gunboats belonged Aphis and Bee were employed in 145 tons mounting two 12- the Treaty ports, while the Bee the customs of the people at first Of these the Aphis, Gnat, Lady- to the "Insect" class, of which 12 Egypt, and others on coastal de- pounders, and subsequently the with the Rear-Admiral (Yangtse) hand, from the amazing "Dragon bird and Cricket joined the Medi- were built in 1915-16 for service fence duties at home. Nightingale, Snipe and Robin of cruised between Shanghai and Boat" festival, to the passage of Cootinued on paga 25 on the Danube against Austro- In 1919 and 1920 the "Insects," the "Sandpiper" class, and the Ichang. Hugarian montors. In alphabetical originally called "Large China Teal, Widgeon and Moorhen of On the West River, with ad- NEW BADGE DESHSNt » FOR PATROL BOATS order, these were the Aphis, Bee, the "Woodcock" class. Six were ministrative and refitting base at Gunboats" to conceal their real AN official type badge symbolis- Cicada, Cockchafer, Cricket, employed on the Yangtse and Hong Kong, were the Tarantula The badge is based on that origi- purpose, were towed out to the **ing the characteristics of fast Glowworm, Gnat, Ladybird, three on the West River. Con- (senior officer's ship). Moorhen, nally designed for the first Motor Far East to begin their eventful moving craft has been designed by Mantis, Moth, Scarab and Taran- trary to popular belief, the Robin, Sandpiper and Robin. The two Torpedo Boat Flotilla in 1937, and careers on the Chinese rivers. The the Royal Navy for fast patrol tula. last of the smaller gunboats to last named were relieved by the subsequently used unofficially as a Glowworm, however, was sold in boats. survive into the late 1920s, did not Cicada and Moth, and the Moor- type badge for all M.T.B.S and They were 237ft. 6in. long, dis- Malta in 1928, and the Aphis and float across from the Yangtse to hen was eventually replaced by In this category are craft known M.G.B.s. placing 645 tons, with a beam of Ladybird, paid off there in 1921, the West River during an abnor- the Seametv, first of a new class in World War II as Motor Tor- A flying fish is intended to sym- 36ft. and a mean draught of 4ft. were recommissioned for China mal flood season; she was never built in 1927. Normal limit of pedo Boats and Motor Gun Boats, bolise the high speed and skim- They had two funnels abreast, service in 1927. employed on the larger river. But patrol on the West River was but minelaying coastal craft and ming characteristics of these light their twin screws were sited in The policing of the Yangtse and such was her reputation against Wuchow, some 250 miles from craft powered by gas turbines are craft, while the scorpion's tail indi- tunnels, and with three rudders Si-kiang by the Navy dated back pirates that her successors were Hong Kong, but during the flood now also included. cates the powerful sting of their they were very manoeuvrable to 1858 when the Treaty of Tien- known to the Chinese as "Big season the "Insects" could reach armament. In a former design die Their designed speed was 14 tsin opened a reluctant China to The badge, superimposed on a L'obins." Nanning, 250 miles farther on. sting of the scorpion's tail was knots, but this was frequently ex- Western trade, and permitted blue field and headed with the facing aft — an allusion to the ceeded. Two 6-inch guns com- "British ships of war, coming for The gunboats patrolled some Also in 1927 came the Gannet, Admiralty Crown, is heraldically fact that torpedoes in the early prised their main armament, and no hostile purpose, or being en- 1,500 miles of the Yangtse and up Peterel and Tern, and later the described as: "A flying fish with M.T.B.s were launched astern on a battery deck protected by gaged in the pursuit of pirates, to to 500 miles of the West River. Falcon, Sandpiper and Robin. the tail of a scorpion white and in through the transom. Since torpe- steel plating, they mounted a num- visit all ports within the dominions For naval purposes the Yangtse These new gunboats varied be- base two bars wavy also white." does are now fired ahead, the scor- ber of smaller weapons. Both the of the Emperor of China." was divided into three sections: tween 185 and 372 tons, were It is ringed with a coil of rope. pion's tail has been reversed.

December. ItSi. THE NAVY IT AMERICA'S 350th PERSONALITIES IN THE COLD SOUTH Captain Forrest BIRTHDAY Captain G. C. Forrest, R.D., How many cigarettes can 230 Naval ratings ba expected First Commanding Officer to smoke daring six months in tha Antarctic ? How modi NE of the main events in next Commodore of the P. & O. fleet chocolate will thay oat? How bast can their o* doty Oyear's celebrations in the of "Voyager" Appointed and commander of the liner recreational Midi ba culm ad far in a part of tha world Arcadia.' retired tin October 14. United States of "America's" The first ccowiwdioi g ofitcer of the Royal Australian' whore there will bo fow opportunities for runs asboro ? 350th birthday will be a joint He served with the Royal Navy

, Anglo - American exhibition — J 1 CrM during both World Wars and has rT" HF.SR questions .irase on hoard things for the home, or engaged ? - >- D S.C.. R.A.N., who was in charge of the commanded various P. H O. ves- "The British Heritage," which the fwwart gun turrets of the cruiser "Sydney" when die sank • H.M.S. Protector before she in model making or leatherwork. U.K. Central Office of Informa- sels sincc 1946. sailed frFrench Navy was immediate. I Foretopmen fitted a foremast, bow gross tons. lines and some 200,000 miles of great designers like Uffa Fox, per- — In the London "Jsfavy." heard a French officer near me Continued on pago 24 More than 30 per cent, of the radio circuits. sonal friend of the Duke of Edin-

22 THE NAVY Doombor, I9U. II burgh, who has done more than NAVAL DIPLOMACY a hand-gallop. The pace increased Osprey and Nimrod, Hanley, any man to bring sailing within Continued from page 20. as the ponies, sensing freedom NEW FIGHTER TO FLY Hurricane, Typhoon, Tempest and the reach of the man in the street. and steaming lights and an anchor after their morning's strenuous each side "ready for letting go." naval discipline, took the bits be- AT 1800 M.P.H. Sea Fury, Sea Hawk and Hunter. Two Australia* Ships But it was the fo'c'slemen who, tween their teeth. There was now AWUR Aircraft, af Mtaia. an said to Hong Kong in their opinion and in that of no holding them. Round we went, ^ffcltf mofficiaNy stated to bt H of ffylag at THE CHINA RIVER GUNIOATS Two Australian coastal ships the greater part of the King Al- the British and French ensigns 1.100 iiiIm si boar whwn Continued from p*g« 17 fred's ship's company (who had left Sydney on November 27 after straining at the mastheads. Past terranean Inshore Squadron to now apparently abandoned all the grandstand where, as we being bought by a Chinese com- 'T'HE Hawker Siddeley represen- pany has been given no work for support the 8th Army in the other work for the rest of the flashed by I got a glimpse of our pany. tative in Australia, Mr. C. J. constructing aircraft. So it looks Western Desert. The Cricket was day), had the most important job Commander - in - Chief looking The ships were the Caledon, a Wood, in Melbourne last month, like making a success of the un- bombed to destruction at Mersa of all, i.e.. to get the ponies somewhat surprised—he had not freighter, and the Elsanna. which confirmed that the company was wanted fighter." Matruh in June, 1941, the Lady- properly dolled up for the show. been apprised of his flagship's carried passengers between Bris- "proceeding with a fighter of The Financial Times, London,: bird at Tobru^ in May, and the To an Eastern cabhorse used to entry- and. what was somewhat bane and Thursday Island. advanced design," but said he was "No further details of the new Gnat was torpedoed by a U-boat sketchy grooming the treatment ominous, giving the fleeting im- The Chiap Hua Manufacturing unable yet to release any informa- fighter could be obtained yester- off Bardia in October of the same these animals now received must pression that he did not entirely r Company, of Hong Kong, bought tion about its speed or oth . per- day but in view of the current year. The Aphis and Scarab lent have come ;.s a severe shock — approve. the ships. formance details. state of fighter development in this the weight of their 6-inch guns to washed and scrubbed, anointed And now the officer at the rib- Shipping warned of However, he added: "The com- country it is certain to be capable the Allied landings in Sicily and with gunnery vaseline, massaged bons began to feel that the ship and finished off with brilliantine pany is building the plane as a of supersonic speed in level flight. southern France in 1943 and 1944. was carrying ever increasing port Last last month ships near generously supplied by the Lower private venture, in the same way "Britain's most advanced The Tarantula joined the Eastern wheel and more and more were we Manus Island were warned to Deck; mains and tails plaited with as it-developed the Hawker Hurri- fighter, the English Electric P.l, is Fleet. The Seamcw's war story re- bearing down on the front row of steer clear of an erupting sub- coloured ribbons and. finally, cane before World War II. No supersonic in level flight but is not mains to be told. the dense crowd of spectators. A marine volcano, which was hooves painted a most particularly public money has been spent on yet in squadron service, while the serious accident looked all too With peace came the end of the reported to be throwing smoke shiny black enamel. Meanwhile we it. Fairey Delta 2 supersonic research likely but, luckily, our near fore- gallant, hard-fighting "Insects." and steam 2.000 feet into the officers covered in every non-work- "The new aircraft may easily aircraft holds the world air speed wheel was brought up sharply The Tarantula's hulk was taken air. ing part of the carriage with hes- prove to be as important in the record of 1,132 m.p.h. against a post. No one was hurt. out and sunk off Ceylon in* 1946; Known as Tuluman, the vol- sian to which banks of flowers future as the Hurricane was dur- "Britain's fighter development, We found that one of the reins the Aphis and Cockchafer were cano is about 15 miles south of were attached. ing the war." as a whole, however, is lagging had become detached from the bit. sold in Singapore in 1947 and Manus Island. British comment has included: behind that of America and, it is All was at last completed and (So much for naval harnessing.) 1949, and the Scarab scrapped Other reports said it was The Daily Mail London: "Sir thought, behind Russia also. And amidst the plaudits of the King However, all this fitted in with die there in 1948. The Bee. flagship of believed that the volcano was Sydney Camm, the designer who in view of this the Hawker Group Alfred's ship's company we trotted next part of our programme. We them all, after making headline forming a new island. gave the R.A.F. its Hurricanes may have decided to circumvent off to the racecourse. Arrived had arranged that after the pre- news by her rescue of the crew of HM cut in haH and Hunters, has gambled his the existing slow official specifica- there we found that the prelimi- liminary drive round the course the American gunboat Panay, for Mombasa harboar reputation on a 1,800 m.p.h. tion and procurement procedure nary procession was just over. So the King Alfred's midshipmen bombed and sunk by Japanese fighter. It is being built at the by building private venture fighter Kipevu Hill, near the site of the much the better. We had the would, at an appointed spot, dash aircraft in December, 1937, in a Hawker factory at Kingston-on- capable of matching the latest U.S. newly planned deep-water quays track to ourselves. Off we went at out, unharness the horses, hook grim foreshadowing of events to Thames, Surrey. After a further types, such as the Lockheed extension of Mombasa harbour, on 12 pdr. field gun drag ropes, come, was sold as scrap a few 18 months work it should be F.104A Star fighter, said to be Kenya, is literally being chopped and in true Royal Tournament months before her sisters moved to fishers. But the existence of fish flying. capable of twice the speed of in half to form a cutaway as part style, double past the saluting their war stations in 1939. which eat birds has been estab- "An interceptor of advanced sound. of the scheme. lished in Uganda. base. This was done, the situation —From tlio London "Nnry." design, it was offered to the "The Hawker Siddeley Group When the project is finished Not only do they eat fledg- retrieved and for the moment at Ministry of Supply which orders represents the biggest concentra- over two and a half million tons lings which fall out of nests into least we were the highlight of aicraft for the Air Ministry. But tion of military aircraft builders in of earth and rock will have been the water, but they have been seen the show—all, French and natives there was no official requirement this country. Before the war it removed, much of which will pro- to snap at birds swooping low over (and even the C.-in-C—thank for such a fighter. It was turned laid down a production line of a A number of 60,000 ton tankers vide a filling for a valley to land- the water of the River Nile. God), were delighted. Our enter- down. But Sir Sydney, chief substantial number of H»wker will be built in the United King- ward of the scheme and the According to the Fisheries tainment was at least something designer at Hawkers, and his Hurricane fighters at its own dom. remainder used for the new quays Officer of Uganda, Mr. D. H. new; at best we showed our desire directors were convinced they expense." and other projects. Rhodes, the mud fish is omnivo- to enjoy and take a hand in the The tankers will be the biggest were on a winner so they decided Sir Sydney Camm, 63-year-old Ill J ml lug fall rous. festivities so enthusiastically ever built in Britain. to go ahead without Government Hawker chief designer, who is foaed hi Africa It is known to crawl or wriggle arranged by our French friends The announcement was made support or finance. responsible for the new fighter, has recently by Mr. B. R. Jackson, One is used to the idea of birds overland for short distances and to do honour to the Entente "Contracts to build R.A.F. been designing fighters for chairman of the British Petroleum eating fish — there are plenty of during these excursions it feeds. Cordialc. Hunters are beginning to run Hawkers since 1925. Among a Company. He was speaking at examples from pelicans and cor- Mud fish have been opened and down and so far as has been long list of top fighter planes have the launching of a 32,000-ton morants to seagulls and king- found full of millet seed. —From thn London "Navy." officially announced Hawker com- been the Hawker Hart, Fury, tanker on the Clyde. THiNAVY M Itf*. dras, based her study on Hoppner's SEA CADET NOTES FROM TASMANIA PORTRAITS OF LORD NELSON full-length canvas now at St. Jame's Palace, she did. in fact, By OLIVER WARNER — in London have sittings from Nelson in his lifetime, and showed a small wax )R some years I have been a more private nature. Nelson's the summer of 1800. he was paint- at the Royal Academy in 1801. P friend Collingwood, who was, ed by one or two Italian artists, Emma Hamilton and others who trying to find out all I can years later, his second in command the most persistent of them being knew Nelson well, thought it a about the various portraits of Nel- at Trafalgar, drew him in silhou- Leonardo Guzzardi, a Neapolitan. "speaking likeness." and indeed it son which were made in his life- ette in the West Indies. Nelson Guzzardi's versions are very is astonishingly vivid, like most of time. It is a rewarding pursuit, was wearing a wig— he had his bizarre and very Italianate, though the effigies in the Abbey collection. and I am already certain of some head shaved during a bout of they pleased his friends, Sir Wil- One of the great difficulties 30 separate paintings,, drawings fever, and the effect is amusing. liam and Lady Hamilton. Nelson with Nelson portraits is to date and sculptures of the admiral Then, in 1795, a Leghorn minia- and the Hamiltons returned to them accurately. Years ago, I which derive either from actual turist painted a study for his wife. England across the Continent, and remember my father telling me sittings, or from what I suppose It was the last picture done in in Vienna With Nelson and Emma TWO platoons of Hobart Sea new headquarters, the old Rowing that in the City they spoke of the must have been quick sketches. which Nelson still possessed all his Hamilton were portrayed in pastel Cadets (pictured above) Club shed. Prominent citizens sum of JCI IS. Id. as a "Nelson"— This is a large number for a man limbs, although he had already by Johann Schmidt. The result, marched through the streets of donated timber, frames, etc. The one eye, one arm, one love! The who spent much of his life at sea, lost the sight of his right eye in I am sure, is almost perfect veri- Hobart on 19th October as part cadets themselves provided the student of Nelson portraiture and one who died at the early age action in Corsica. The eye damage similitude. It is a study in blue, of the Trafalgar Day celebrations. labour. A cadet crew sailing the needs to remember another homely of 47. is not apparent in the Leghorn gold and white which {hows T.S. Derwent held an open day 14 ft. dinghy regularly take part term, "four stars," as an aid to The truth is that Nelson liked miniature, or, indeed, in any other clearer than any other version. for parents on Dec. 1 at the Naval in the Ulverstone Yacht Club chronology. Between 1797 and being painted. He once told his except one by a German, which Nelson's forehead wound from the Depot H.M.S. Huon. A Whaler Saturday races. 18n2, Nelson was awarded four wife that the next best thing to shows very clearly which was the Nile, his blind eye, his boyishness, race resulted in a win for the Port stars of chivalry by various doing great deeds was to write brighter. The first drawings show- and his charm. It is at the Watch. The President of the The cadets of T.S. Tamar governments, besides two official a glorious account of them. This ing the loss of his right arm. was National Maritime Museum at Navy League, Mr. C. H. Hand, (Launceston) have formed a very gold medals. It is largely by means is vejy much what Sir Winston by Henry Edridgc. another minia- Greenwich, and I wish I knew then presented prizes awarded to efficient Hornpipe Party. The Ex- of these decorations, whether pre- Churchill seems to think tix>. and turist, who drew Nelson at full- the technique by which Schmidt Cadets during the past training Naval Men of Launceston have sent or absent, that dates may be Nelson had a shrewed idea that length. Eldridgc was. I think, the produced such a wonderfully good year. been most helpful with labour and determined. There is no absolute the artists who drew him were only painter who drew him twice facsimile a year later. The Ulverstone unit T.S. Leven materials for rigging and refitting certainty in the matter, which is working for posterity. He enjoyed from life, oncc in 1797 and again is about to take possession of the T.S. Tamar, the depot ship. Of all his portraits. Nelson him- perhaps, one of the reasons why being a hero, and was not at .ill in 1802, though Nelson seems to self preferred a profile done by a the pursuit is so fascinating. More- averse to dressing up. He liked to have given a succession of sittings ful likeness: in Abbott and Dutch artist. Simon de Kostcr. It over, at any moment, something sented not in the actual clash of look the national figure he became to Lawrence Gahagan, a sculptor. Becchey there is grandeur, in seems a curious choice, for a man hitherto unrecorded may turn up. battle, but as it were, in the sick- My first discovery was that the Hoppner, almost feminine sad- bay towards its close. But Nelson It was Lemuel Abbott, a man must needs be a poor judge of his As a matter of fact, at least four earliest reliable picture, by J. F ness. There is also what is per- never did things without a reason, not otherwise much known, who own profile. Nevertheless, it is drawings, not generally known, Rigaud. R A.. which was started haps the strangest picture of all. and I suspect that he meant to first showed Nelson as a popular probably a good likeness, and it is have come to light since I first in 1777 when Nelson was a lieu- It is called Afelstfn Wounded at show Lady Parker that, had he not. hero. He sketched him at Green- remarkably similar to the last por- began my own study. I hope they ; tenant. and finished later, was the N'le »nd it shows the hero in been temporarily blinded, not a wich in the winter of 1797. after trait ever made from life, a pastel will not be the last. I would like commemorative in a way which his shirt, with a bloody head, but single French ship would have the battle of St. Vincent, and by John Whichclo. This was done mo«t of all to trace a small draw- few had suspected. As a very still wearing round his neck the escaped from the scene of action made an industry of Nelson por- at Merton. Nelson's home in ing. probably made in 1797 or the young captain. Nelson served King's gold medal for St. Vincent, on 1st August. 1798. He was a traits for the rest of his life. There Surrey, just before he set sail for following year, by Orme. It used ashore in Nicaragua in .in expedi- of which he was so proud. Nelson consistent publicist, and I for one is nothing comparable in dignity his last campaign. to be in private possession. Per- tion against the Spaniards, and he gave this startling picture, which am glad of it, for the reticent to Abbott's rendering until John haps it still is — but if so, whose? helpcit to attack the fort of San After the hero's state burial at is by an unknown artist, to Lady hero, though he may be very Hoppner, R.A., and Sir William Juan, on the river of that name. St. Paul's, the authorities at West- Lord St. Vir.cent once said to Parker, wife of an admiral who worthy, is, more often than not. Bccchcy came to do their full- When he came home, he asked minster Abbey wanted to present a friend, "that foolish little fellow first set his career on its upward rather dull. Nelson, on the other scale canvasses, one for the Royal Rigaud to put the fort into the the public with a rival attraction. Nelson has sat to every painter in progress by making him a post- hand, was never anything but collection and the other for the background of the portrait, with They hit on the idea of an effigy, London." I wish he had! I wish captain at the astonishing age of vivid, human, colourful, and the City of Norwich. These were the British flag flying above that dressed in Nelson's own uniform. most of all that he had sat to 20. most individual Admiral who ever finished after the victory of of the enemy. He wanted people This may still be seen in the Nor- Gainsborough as a young man. Never was an act of faith more lived. The artists who recorded Copenhagen had set the seal on to remember his share in a cam- man Undercroft, and it is in splen- and to Lawrence in his maturity. fully justified. Seldom has grati- his features for our benefit and Nelson's earlier exploits. paign which had had very little did condition. It must really rank But there is a great deal for which tude been more graphically shown. pleasure certainly shared this publicity. When Nelson was in Italy, be- as a portrait from life, for although to be thankful. In Rigaud there is I do not know any other instance opinion. the modeller. Miss Catherine An- promise. In Schmidt there is faith- of a man having himself repre- The next three portraits are .of tween the autumn of 1798 and —From th« London "Novy."

THI NAVY Docmkor, I Mi. in the forefront of the new indus- RE-BIRTH OF THE GERMAN NAVY ^PORTABLE" REACTORS trial revolution, as she was in the •y a Special Correspondent FOR EXPORT first one, and will once again play By a Special Correspoadant a major role in raising living HILE the training of naval privileges but many duties. He having been cleared of mines. standards all over the world." W personnel is well under way said: "Always remember that the Theoretically, the danger from T ONDON, November 5: The Langlcy (Bucks). Mr. E. P. Hawthorne, 36-year- and its strength scheduled to reach will of our people to live in free- floating mines will come to an end Hawker Siddeley Group is The first stage of a large experi- old chief executive of the new 10,000 men by the end of this dom in the West must also find next year, since experts estimate now at work on advanced types mental programme, the formation company, said: "Metallurgy is the year the build-up of the fleet is of expression in your squadron." the average life of this type of of nuclear reactor systems. of a well-equipped metallurgical starting point for any develop- necessity a slow process. The four mine sweepers were mine is twelve years. Work has begun on a study of laboratory, is nearing completion ment towards higher temperatures While the German Navy ex- Seven vessels have been commis- recently turned over to the Ger- the liquid metal fuel type of re- and a first-class design team is in in nuclear reactors and we are pects to be reinforced in the near sioned: four former German mine man Federal Navy at Bremer- actor which the Atomic Energy being. One of the company's major actively engaged in an ever-in- future by a further hatch of for- sweepers, stationed at the North haven by Rear Admiral W. G. Authority has declared to be one activities, for the immediate fu- creasing metallurgical programme. mer German mine sweepers, the Sea port of Brcmerhavcn and .Schindler of the U.S. Navy. They of Britain's most advanced pro- ture, is devoted to the develop- "Although our membership of Naval Academy at Kiel is being three high speed patrol boats for will form the core of the German jects and, it is hoped, will make ment of advanced reactors for the Hawker Siddeley Group built up. At present, 40 naval the Baltic Sea. Navy's first mine sweeper more efficient use of the uranium. electricity generation. naturally implies an interest in the squadron. staff officers arc undergoing a re- This was disclosed to-day by Sir Sir Frank said: "We are in- The latter were recently com- application of nuclear power to After Germany's surrender, fresher course at Kiel, during Frank Spriggs, managing director terested in this field because it missioned at Kiel. With a crew aircraft, this is certainly not our these vessels as well as other Ger- which they will be shown a num- of the Hawker Siddeley Group, seems to us to open up vast export of 17 men each they have up-to- only objective. We foresee the ap- man mine sweepers were taken ber of industrial plants and have who has just returned from a sur- possibilities for British design date radar and navigation equip- plications of the line of research over by the Allies. First under the opportunity to inspect the port vey of the Group's interests in genius by providing easily trans- ment and newjy developed hydro- we are now undertaking in the British command and later under facilities at Hamburg. Bremen and Canada. portable, small reactors to electric steering devices. generation of electricity, including the American flag, but with Ger-. Wilhemshavcn. Sir Frank said that the work is countries which will not be able to plants for remote areas such as Three diesel engines generating man crews, these mine sweepers West Germany's Minister of being undertaken by the Hawker build their own for a long time to may be required in the mining 5,000 h p. each give the vessels a cleared the main sea lanes in the Defence recently stated that the Siddeley Nuclear -Power Com- come. The lead which we are gain- industry, for marine propulsion speed of 40 knots. With a Baltic Sea and the North Sea. economy of the German Federal pany, formed at the beginning of ing in the development of nuclear and for the production of process draught of only 5.5 feet, the ves- It was an arduous and denge- Republic would be able to absorb the year, at its establishment at power means that Britain is right heat. sels are particularly suited to rous task taking years to complete without difficulty the additional operate in the shallow waters of and cost the lives of quite a num- burdens of armament production. 'he Baltic Sea. ber of seamen and involved the Much of the necessary military The three patrol boats will form loss of some vessels engaged in the equipment would be ordered the core of the first training task. abroad, while German industry squadron of the German Navy. To-day, me danger from mines would manufacture mainly the JOIN THE So far, the ships carry on arma- NAVY LEAGUE has been eliminated to a large clothing, housing equipment, ment, although they are fitted extent. However, ship masters are vehicles, ships, light weapons and with the necessary emplacements still enjoined to keep strictly to smaller aeroplanes of the German for mounting rapid fire guns. the lanes mapped out for them as defence force. In commissioning the vessels. The object of the Navy League in Australia, like its older counterpart, the Navy League in Britain, Vice Admiral Ruge recalled that is to insist by all means at its disposal upon the vital importance of Sea Power to the British Common- this was the fifth time within the DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE—NEW STYLE wealth of Nations. The League also sponsors the Australian Sea Cadet Corps to interest the right type past 100 years that a German of lads in the Royal Australian Navy — either to start them upon a career or to provide a healthy No wires are attached to the Navy was called into being. Medical staff at St. Thomas's pleasurable means of qualifying them to be of service in the Senior Service in the event of emergency. receivers and there are no physi- Twice the Germans suffered Hospital, London, are carrying in The League consists of Fellows (Annual or Life) and Associate*. cal links at all between them and defeat because Germany under- their pockets receivers no bigger All British subjects who signify approval to the objects of the League are eligible. estimated the naval forces of its than fountain pens. If a doctor is the rest of the apparatus. The opponents. The new German wanted on the telephone his receivers are, in fact, operated by MAY WE ASK YOU TO JOIN Navy, however, had the big naval receiver makes a gentle "peep magnetic induction from audio and swell our members so that the Navy League in Australia may be widely known and exercise an powers as its friends and as a re- peep." frequency currents passing along important influence in the life of the Australian Nation? sult of this situation its task is to This is the new communications the wire. For Particulars:— NAVY LEAGUE, In the simplest form of the concentrate on the defence of the system now being used at this Secretary: 312 Flinders Street, Melbourne, C.l. Victoria home waters. famous teaching hospital. An in- system up to 56 receivers can be Secretary: 83 Pitt Street, Sydney, N.S.W. The Admiral told the crews conspicuous loop of wire encloses used, each responding to only one Hon. Secretary: 12 Pirie Street, Adelaide, South Australia. lined up on deck of the patrol ves- the hospital. A transmitter is of 56 frequencies, and if more Hon. Secretary: Box 1441T, G.P.O., Brisbane, Queensland. sels that they were "citizens in attached to the loop and powered receivers arc needed several per- Hon. Secretary: 62 Blencowe Street, West Leederville, W.A. uniform" who had no special from the mains. sons can share a frequency. Hon. Secretary: 726 Sandy Bay Rd., Lower Sandy Bay, Hobart. Hon. Secretary: 49 Froggatt Street, Turner, Canberra, A.C.T. 21 THE NAVY D.c.mb.r, 1954. _ HISTORY OF SWOMS PROGRESS IN R.X. AIR ARM By "ToMT By "L'Alglon"— la London OON after the last war Cap- were found to he wrongly remained until they vanished for tain Bosanquet was invited by described. ever only the other day. ¥~\ESPITF. the tiny crescendo of is required to make the requisite appear that seven are equipped S the late Sir Geoffrey Callender, There are many pitfalls for the Among modern dirks in the col- disapproval from Lord sonic bangs. Naval pilots who flew with Sea Hawks, five with Gan- then Director of the National Bnwary. and Captain Bosanquet lection is that of Admiral of the Beaverbrook's newspapers the the 110 on board the Arl( Royal nets, two with Wyverns, three Maritime Museum at Greenwich, cites cases where swords exhibited Fleet Viscount Cunningham of 'Fleet Air Arm has made satis- are full of praise for its aero- with Sea Venoms, two with to undertake the task of tracing in two London Service clubs, and Hyndhope as a midshipman in factory progress in the last 12 dynamic qualities. The only pity Whirlwind helicopters and one the history of every sword and labelled as having been worn by 1898-1901. months. The full extent of the would seem to be that we shall with A.E.W. Skyraiders (in four dirk in the Museum collection, distinguished officers at the Battle The book contains a full list of Defence cuts has yet to make not presumably be seeing squad- flights). and of proving the authenticity of of Waterloo in 1815, were in fact sword-smiths and sword-cuders, itself felt and will prohahly affect rons of these aircraft for some Most important cruise of the those weapons believed to have regulation weapons not introduced not to mention naval tailors, past production orders of future air- time yet. last 12 months has been that of belonged to particular individuals. until the middle of the 19th cen- and present. Of particular craft rather than existing squad- H.M.S. Albion and H.M.S. Cen- The Supermarine 113, also His years of patient work and re- tury. The exposed blade of one interest, to me at any rate, is the rons. More cheering news on the taur to the Far East. Squadrons powered by twin Rolls-Royce search. in which he has had the clearly showed the Royal Cypher reproduction of an invoice for financial side has. of course, been of Sea Hawks. Ganncts and one Avons, had equally successful advice and assistance of many of Queen Victoria! £21 12s. sent to Lord Nelson by the pay increase and in particular trials although, not having pre- of Sea Venoms (with a flight of authorities, are worthily com- He mentions, also, two swords Messrs. Barett, Corney and Cor- the substantial increase in flying viously been cleared for launching Skyraiders) were embarked and memorated in The Waval Officer's of very doubtful authenticity asso- ncy, Laccmcn and Embroiderers, pay. Only one rather inexplicable from the catapults, it was restrict- a considerable amount of flying Sword.* ciated with the Battle of Trafal- of "No. 479 opposite Craven anomaly is noticeable. Whereas a ed to landings and free take-offs was carried out en route as well Let it be said at once that this Street. London." It is for four General Duties Wing Commander up the deck. Although not fitted as in Exercises in the Far East. gar. Bought at a private sale for well-produced hook of 240 pages £90. they fetched £2,00(1 at a later sets of the embroidered stars of sitting behind a desk in Air Min- to this aircraft it is understood This cruise, together with Arl^ is something quite apart from a the four Orders of the Bath, the istry will get 22s. a day flying pay. that future versions will have Royal's recent commission in the public auction with foreign com- normal museum catalogue interest- petitors present. There was. and Crescent. St Ferdinand and St. a Commander (fully operational supercirculation to lower the ap- Mediterranean, gave the Navy its ing only to the expert. In describ- Joachim supplied to the Admiral jet pilot) sitting behind a similar proach speed which is somewhat first sight of Sea Venom Squad- still is, a regular trade in relics ing the swords at Greenwich, associated with Nelson and between 1803 and 1805, and sewn desk in Admiralty is only entitled higher than that of the D.H. 110. rons in operational use at sea. All some of them dating back to the on his uniform coats. to 10s. a day flying pay because On the other hand, the audio accounts show that it is a fine air- Trafalgar. Many of them arc 18th century, the author takes us These embroidered rcplicas, he is not occupying a flying ap- warning aid was fitted and this craft within its sub-sonic limita- spurious. . behind the scenes and explains which cost between £1 and £1 5s. pointment. Is there a valid reason allowed the pilot to keep his eyes tions. One particular virtue (long Though he concentrates mainly how their history can often be apiece, arc now to be seen on Lord for this? If so I would like to hear out of the cockpit during those admired in American Naval air- on the swords in the Greenwich traced and their original owner- Nelson's coats preserved at the it. few and vital seconds which now- craft) is the Sea Venom's sturdy Museum, among them weapons ship confirmed or denied by a pro- National Maritime Museum. adays constitute the last part of undercarriage and its ability to once genuinely belonging to Nel- Most important event of the cess of elimination. Incidentally, the interesting a deck landing. All in all, the sit down firmly on the deck. son, Duncan, Hood. Hardy and year has undoubtedly been the Much is to be learned from the story of how the uniform coat pilots were most impressed both many others. Captain Bosanquet very successful trials in H.M.S. Gannets have been operating at names of the original vendors or and waistcoat worn by Nelson at Boscombc and on the deck with sketches the history of swords Ar\ Royal of the De Havilland sea continuously and proved them- manufacturers often found on the when he was mortally wounded at the 113 as a formidable aircraft from the time they were first 110 and the Supermarine 113. selves to be first-class in the A/S blades or scabbards; «till more Trafalgar came into the posses- in both fighter and strike roles. used at sea — the cutting and The former, the Navy's future all- role and as reliable aircraft whose from the standard patterns of sion of the Royal Hospital at thrusting swords; the fighting, weather interceptor, carried out Rumours of other future air- maintenance problems are few in swords for Naval Officers first Greenwich in 1844. and is now at dress and presentation swords; and deck landings arid also launchings craft sound hopeful. We know relation to the complexity of en- introduced by the Admiralty in the National Maritime Museum, the now defunct dirks once worn from both steam catapults. Al- officially of the order for a strike gines and electronics. 1805, and altered in 1825 and is related by Captain Bosanquet by midshipmen. though not officially realised it is aircraft of high performance. Un- The Sea Hawk continues to later. on page 82. understood that the deck landing officially we hear of a rather revo- remain one of the most versatile Family tradition is frequently These latter were being worn This erudite and absorbing speed of the D.H. 110 is agreeably lutionary day interceptor, but the and viceless aircraft that the Navy unreliable, and a sword that has unofficially by about 1790, an volume, though nominally dealing low; low enough, in fact, for the Silent Service have so far kept to has even had. But from time to been treasured for generations as example in the Museum being the with swords, throws many aircraft not to need supercircula- their traditional role about this time a wistful look appears in the a relic of some illustrious anccs'— dirk of Frederick Marryat, the interesting sidelights on the history tion (the device whereby high- aircraft. eyes of Hawk pilots: it usually is sometimes proved to have ncen novelist, who was ' a midship- of the Royal Navy for a century pressure air is blown over the Front Line squadron strength means that they are wishing that manufactured after his death. man from 1806 to 1813. In 1825 and a half. wing flaps to preserve the smooth- remains approximately the same a swept-wing version of the Hawk Indeed, on expert examination, the mids' dirks were replaced by It is clear and precise; never ness of airflow and thus lower in number and, as far as can be could have been produced (one some of the swords at Greenwic'i "swords of such proportionate dull. Swords may now be out- the stalling speed). Recent pic- gathered, is about 20. This is ex- was built and deck landed, but lengths" as the "Young Gentle- dated except for ceremonial pur- tures of the 110 show a new cluding some 11 R.N.V.R. Squad- never got any further for reasons *"The Naval Officer's Sword." By men" might consider proper. poses, but Captain Bosanquet is pointed radome and under-wing rons which will be considered later that are now purely of historical Captain Henry Bosanquet, C.V.O., These in turn were abolished warmly to be congratulated on a racks for guided missiles. It is also on. interest). R.N., F.S.A. (Published for the when dirks were made uniform National Maritime Museum by Her book of lasting value and interest. understood that little extra effort Of the 20 squadrons it would Continued on peg* 32 Majesty's Stationery Office at 218.) for midshipmen in 1856. They — From tht London "Wavy."

THE NAVY December, Iff*. II UN. AIR ARM to this fleet, H.M.S. Ar\ Royal, RENOVATIONS TO Continued from page 30 completed her first commission in H.M.S. "VICTORY" the late spring. She became the Apropos of aircraft design, an first operational carrier in the "-pHE trustees of the "Save the THE UNITED SHIP SERVICES interesting occasion occurred in world with steam catapults. This Victory Fund" (the Society H.M.S. Eagle at the end of last revolutionary device enabled her for Nautical Research) have given PTY. LTD. year when some 45 visitors from to launch her aircraft whilst £10,000 to wards the purchase of the Ministry of Supply and the moored to a buoy in harbour, a teak for use in the renovations of aircraft industry were invited on performance with considerable the main timbers of H.M.S. Vic- board to watch a day's operations. military advantages. tory, at present being carried out This consisted of strikes on tar- at H.M. Dockyard, Portsmouth. gets by Sea Hawks and Wyverns, The object of the fund was to and depth charge attacks by Gan- H.M.S. Warrior, a light fleet restore the ship to her Trafalgar nets. Eighty-one sorties were carrier of slightly older vintage, condition, any surplus being launched in about 2$ hours. The has now been fitted with an angled devoted towards the building of a visitors were embarked and dis- deck and will be added to the Victory Museum with a Panorama embarked by Naval helicopters operational fleet for various tasks, Annex alongside. and it is hoped that their day's possibly culminating in the hydro- gen bomb trials. All these projects were com- experience will perhaps add some- pleted before the war. thing to future Naval aircraft. Lasdy, the R.N.V.R. squad- The fund has been kept in ALL GLASSES OF SHIP REPAIRS AND FITTINGS Two S.55 (Whirlwind) heli- rons. At present some 11 squad- existence, being augmented from copter squadrons remain in their rons exist, equipped mainly with time to time by further donations, UNDERTAKEN previous roles: one in Malaya Sea Hawks. Attackers, Gannets by the proceeds of the entrance operating against the Communist and Avengers. Deck landing of money to the Museum and the 88 102 NORMANBY RD., STH. MELBOURNE, VIC. terrorists, and one at present at Panorama Annex, by the proceeds the jets has successfully been car- Telephones: MX 5231 (6 lines). Eglinton working out anti-sub- ried out by the fighter squadrons from collection boxes outside the marine tactics. Although informa- during their annual training. But ship, and by the sale of souvenirs tion about the latter squadron is the future size is rather uncertain. on board. scate it is not difficult to notice Defence cuts may well reduce The general maintenance of the the emphatic swing towards heli- their commitment. ship, which serves as flagship for ' copters in the A/S role. The day the Commander - in - Chief, Ports- of a conventional fixed wing A/S viL \ You'l see mouth, is undertaken by the aircraft such as the Gannet may All of which ieads to the major Admiralty, the "Save the Victory well be limited to a few more problem at the moment: what ex- Fund" being used for the upkeep years. actly is the role envisaged for the mf Fleet Air Arm during, say, the and improvement of the Victory BETTER with Siemens! An interesting but little publi- next 15 years? By the time this Museum, for the renovation of cised Naval helicopter operation article appears Government policy special features in the ship's equip- For nearly eighty years Siemens Lamps have in the last year has been the Ant- may have been stated. Never be- ment, and for the provision of provided brilliant and lasting illumination arctic patrol of H.M.S. Protector fore has the role of the Navy special furniture and other things in millions of homes, business houses and equipped with two Whirlwinds. been as debatable as it is to-day. having a historical or sentimental Government institutions all over the world Primarily as a guard ship for the One can only hope that the poli- interest connected with the ship Falkland Islands she has steamed ticians will not be as myopic as or with the Trafalgar period. extensively about the South Pacific to cheesepare with the Fleet Air and South Atlantic oceans. This Arm. Air power is the dominant NEW WATER PLANT included a rendezvous with the factor in world strategy; it is not t A Glasgow company has M.V. Theron which had just less effective' because it operates received its second large contract broken out of the pack ice. SIEMENS from sea-borne bases — in fact, this year for- sea-water evaporat- INCANDESCENT & FLUORESCENT The Navy now has five fully could be more. In an atomic age it ing and distilling plant. operational carriers which are is particjlarly worth remembering The order (valued at £1 million ^ LAMPS kept in commission on the Carrier the basic fact that sea constitutes sterling) is for a plant that will Cycle: approximately eight more than two-thirds of the supply 4,000 tons of fresh drink- months with squadrons embarked earth's surface. ing water daily to the Dutch West SIEMENS (AUSTRALIA) PTY. LIMITED and five months alongside. The Indies island of Curacao, off the SYDNEY . MELBOURNE a ADEIAIBF . •RISBANl . NEWCASTLE C. 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