GJhe Journal of '

RECORDING · THE · ELECTRICAL· ERA

VOL. XXXIV WASHINGTON, D. C .. JUNE. 1935 NO.6

l:iO million unemployed? I The Eyes of a Life Insurance Company THREE LOCAL TRAGEDIES

(1) Early on Monday morning an undertaker is announced-to check up on life insurance of a man who died during the week-end. The widow had assured him that his bill would be paid out of the "insurance money." While the records were being checked, the widow and son were announced, and she had the two policies with her. To the undertaker and the family we had to announce that the policies had lapsed-not only on the man but two on the wife and two on the son. No insurance-not even any to borrow on-for the bu'rial expenses. Would you like to face a situation like that-having to tell a widow that there was no "insurance money?" Would you want that kind of a message to come to your loved ones? • (2) A few days later, came a telephone announcement of the death of a woman policyholder. "Mr. ______asked me to tell you about his wife's death.,. this morning, and to ask you to send the papers." Another check-up, and all was well in this case, as far as the insurance" was concerned. "All is well" can never be said when death occurs, but having "all well" with the life insurance takes away the money worry. • (3) Another Monday morning comes, and the announcement-"A gentleman to see about a death claim." This time it was Tony, the Barber, who had passed on after an illness of a few weeks, and a friend of the family was helping to straighten out his affairs, and had brought the last premium receipt with him. Again a quick check-up showed the insurance in force, and steps were taken for prompt payment. • Contrast the first with the secon d and third, and you will realize quickly how much more tragic a lapsed policy can make life!

UNION COOPERATIVE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION 1200 Fifteenth St. N. W. Washington, D. C. Ilililllllilillti$?"C"illll 1I"!!!!liIlllllll'iI,,,III!!!!I!!IIIIIII"IIIIII"!!IIII!!lllllillllllliIlllllll!!I!!!!!!!"!"!! 'I!" "!!fli II!I!" ""!"'i1'I!!!!!I!I!!!!!!!iffJ ~"""""""""" "II' II"""" ""II II 1111' "", '...!!..!!!'®"!!L '''II' 11'''11'' """""""""""""""11111 ' ~(9b-' OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE Magazine Chat There is a certain amount of INTERNATIONAL excitement attached to the edit­ ing of any publication. Re-· porters on daily newspapers feel ELECTRICAL WORKERS AND OPERATORS this stir keenly, and it is be­ PUBLISHED MONTHLY lieved many young men are willing to enter the daily news­ paper game at low pay because G. M. BUGNIAZET, Editor, 1200 15th Street N. W., Washington, p. C. of the romantic thrill of driving through the grind. This Journal will not be held responsible for views expressed by correspondents. Weekly and monthly publica­ The first of each month is the closing date; all copy must be in our tions are supposed to be free hands on or before. from this excitement. They are supposed not to feel the pressure of pUblication dates and the call of the presses for EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Railroads ______C. J. MCGLOGAN Bremer Arcade, St. Paul, Minn. copy, and more copy. Well, this International President, D. W. TRACY, may be true, but we have seen editors of country weeklies 1200 15th St., N. W., Washington, INTERNATIONAL D. C. walking the floor and tearing EXECUTIVE COUNCIL their hair along about 7 p. m. International Secretary, G. M. BUG­ Thursday evenings in an effort NIAZET, 1200 15th St., N. W., Wash­ CHAS. M. PAULSEN, Chairman ington, D. C. 4919 Cuyler Ave., Chicago, III. to get into their last pages the First District ______G. W. WHITFORD latest news item. International Treasurer, W. A. HOGAN, 1517 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. 647 South Sixth Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Second District______F. L. KELLEY Why in the world should 95 Beacon St., Hyde Park, Mass. there be any excitement con­ VICE PRESIDENTS Third District ______.M. P. GORDAN nected with editing a monthly 607 Bigelow Blvd., Pittsburgh, Pa. journal? A journal does not First DistricL______E. INGLES Fourth District _____ EDWARD NOTHNAGLE undertake to get spot news. Its R. R. 3, London, Ont., Can. 1717 G St., N. W., Washington, D. C. business is to describe the Second District ______CHAS. KEAVENEY monthly scene and interpret the Fifth District ______JAMES F. CASEY Box 648, Lynn, Mass. monthly trends, and yet we 5051 Maffitt Ave., St. Louis, Mo. must confess that the old first­ Third District ______EDW. F. KLOTER Sixth District ______G. C. GADBOIS of-the-month comes around 1200 15th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 1532 No. Boston St., Tulsa, Okla. pretty fast. Sometimes it seems Fourth District ______ARTHUR BENNETT Seventh District ______C. F. OLIVER as though there were only about Box 241, Youngstown, Ohio 1045 King St., Denver, Colo. seven days between the first of Fifth District ______G. X. BARKER Eighth District ______J. L. McBRIDE one month and the first of the 7230 N. 4th Ave., Birmingham, Ala. 165 James St., Labor Temple, next. And then, quite stub­ Sixth District . ______M. J. BOYLE Winnipeg, Can. bornly monthly articles refuse 3530 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, III. to give up their secrets at the proper time. Here is an article Seventh District ______W. L. INGRAM TELEPHONE OPERATORS' DEPARTMENT it appears, that the Electricai 3641 Laughton St., Fort Worth, Texas Workers Journal just must Eighth District ______H. W. BELL President ______JULIA O'CONNOR have, but it can't be got. And 1464 Steele St., Denver, Colo. 5 Boylston Place, Boston, Mass. the staff must go adventuring Ninth District ______H. P. BRIGAERTS Secretary ______.MARy BRADY seeking it, or an adequate sub~ Pacific Bldg., San Francisco, Calif. 5 Boylston Place, Boston, Mass. stitute. In this enterprise there I is real excitement and worry. So, dear readers, we are let­ Contents ting' you look behind the scenes Frontispiece--"Drama in the Workshop" 234 a little bit in this column this month. Quite informally. telling A Federal Electric Code Proposed • 235 you it is a gay dog's life that Tracy Leads American Labor at Geneva 238 the Editor leads. He has his Legal Approach Depends on Economics • 240 troubles and his anxieties as Frozen Prices-and the Way Out • 241 well as his enthusiasms and Wages and Wages and Wages and Wages 242 compensations. "Black Fury" Gets Down to Hard Earth 243 Hollywood Technicians Can Never Nod. 244 Meyer Fink, a prominent Chi­ Casey's Chronicles of the Work World. 246 cago attorney, in his broadcast Labor Attacks Fascism on Three Fronts. 248 over WCFL recently in con­ Work Relief Begins to Show Outlines 249 nection with a recommendation Editorial • 250 of. best informed weekly papers Woman's Work 252 saId: Correspondence 254 "The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators, the Fraternity of the Air 257 official organ of that group, is Cartoon 259 a monthly pUblication which In Memoriam 264 can be depended upon for Local Union Official Receipts 271 articles of unusual interest." ~~======~======~======~~ ~!"II!llii ili!I!! iii Ii iii Iii iii iii iit! I IIIII!!II"II! Ii iii II! i i 1!!!1lrhilllIilUillllllUIUW!lllilllllllllllllilllllllillllllilllill@llll1l§!@t?"iillllilIli!l!!llllllllll!iiii!ifli!ii'ii'~IIII!llliiii!il!i!ii!111fil!IIII"'II'ilill!llllilll'i'ill','ii!llllllllmmmrrIT!nil iiiililllllllllil!l~

Printed by National Publishing Co. ~ 7 1222 H Sl. N. W .• Washington. D. C. 234 The Journal of Electrical Worke?Ts and Operators June, 1935

Courtesy PWA

DRAMA IN THE WORKSHOP Railroad 'Yorke r on the Baltimore & Ohio Burning Off Engine Head ReiJuilding Locomotives on One of the Public Works Projects in Industry. THE JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS &OPERATORS Official Publication of the InternaHonal Brotherhood of Eledrical Workers

VOL. XXXIV WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE, 1935 A Federal Electric Code Proposed

NFLUENCED by the failure of the discussed at the May 4 meeting. electrical cOI?mittee o.f ~he National Groups· lay ground for co­ "On receipt of your acceptance to I Fire ProtectIOn ASSocIatIon to func­ this invitation an agenda will be for­ tion in an open and scientific way, a operation on permanent basis. warded to you." movement has got underway in the elec­ May 4th conference inaugurates Impatience with the way the electri­ trical industry which bids fair to change movement of deep significance. cal committee of N. F. P. A. was func­ the set-up. At the conference called tioning has been manifest for four or May 4 which was attended by repre­ five years within the industry, and pro­ sentatives and key men in associations tests have been made with no avail. The within the industry, action was taken E. D. Bieretz, International Brother­ electrical committee has never allowed that is likely to result in the following: hood of Electrical Workers. labor representatives to sit upon it. It 1. The formation of a voluntary asso­ J. D. Lynett, Department of Water has grown steadily more arrogant in its ciation to carryon education in the in­ Supply, Gas and Electricity, New York. handling of standards and more secre­ dustry for a new type of electric code. A. L. Pierce, Brough Electric Works, tive. This contest over the bare neutral 2. Requests will be made of the Wallingford, Conn. type of wiring precipitated a crisis at American Standards Association to re­ M. H. Hedges, International Brother­ the March 19 meeting in New York. form the electrical committee in its hood of Electrical Workers. Obvious political log-rolling and caucus­ ing was evident at this meeting of the' personnel and methodology. Call Describes Situation 3. The U. S. Labor Department and committee and the May 4 conference the U. S. Bureau of Standards will likely The call for the conference was sent held in Washington was a reaction from be asked to formulate a federal electric out April 10 by the International this failure of the committee to live code. Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. The up to its function of making standards The official release given out at the call follows: on an engineering basis. May 4 conference held at 1200 15th Street, Washington, is as follows: "It appears time to call an informal Government Representatives Present meeting of representatives of the Members of the Labor Department 1. Endorsed in principle the idea of electrical industry, and will you please co-operation between groups repre­ and the U. S. Bureau of Standards at­ consider this a call to such a meet­ tended the May 4 conference. Both sented. ing to be held at 10 a. m., Saturday, 2. Endorsed in principle a plan to ap­ are regarded as being interested in the May 4, at 1200 15th St., N. W., Wash­ proposal to formulate a federal elec­ proach the ASA to see if it will adopt a intgon. This call is made after a proposal to change representation of tric code. The Labor Department has conference with certain representa­ recently established a labor standards the electrical committee in such manner tives of various sections of the in­ as to insure that the National Electric division which has for its objective co­ dustry. The action of the March 19 operation with labor unions in their Code be hereafter shaped after engi­ meeting of the electrical committee neering principles rather than after com­ effort to maintain standards of all type has resulted in confusion. Confusion -wage standards, health standards. mercial interests. is not a medium through which good 3. Endorsed in principle the forma­ safety standards, craft standards and standards may emerge. Apart from such. The U. S. Bureau of Standards tion of a federal electric code. any partisan issue that may be traced A committee composed of A. J. Hixon, for a year has been the standard-making to this meeting of the electrical com­ body for the government. T3e Inter­ W. H. Greenlaw and M. H. Hedges was mittee, it is plain that the cause of appointed to carryon the preliminary national Brotherhood of Electrical W ork­ good standards can not be advan(!ed ers filed with the Labor Standards Divi­ work looking toward these objectives. in an atmosphere of confusion and W. J. Mahan presided at the conference. sion of the U. S. Department of Labor obscurity. Those r~presentatives of Those present at the conference were an analysis of the situation in March the industry who believe that the this year. This analysis follows: as follows: public as well as the worker has a In the electrical industry labor stand­ Walter E. Kern, Department of High­ definite stake in maintaining clear-cut ards depend on material standards. We ways, government of District of Colum­ standards have been considering the are not well enough informed in regard bia. idea for some time of securing the to labor standards in other industries to Wm. J. Mahan, president, Interna­ co-operation of the United States know whether this equation holds good tional Association of Electrical Inspec­ Government in setting up a proper for plumbing, carpentering, railroading tors. agency for standard-making and and other occupational types. It would Paul F. Stricker, Division of Labor maintenance. appear, however, to be a fact for trades Standards, U. S. Department of Labor. "The International Brotherhood of where craftsmanship still endures. William H. Greenlaw, International Electrical Workers has filed with the From this equation we may deduce Association of Municipal Electricians. new Labor Standards Division of the certain other principles which generally M. G. Lloyd, Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of Labor a request hold good for the status of labor in the section of safety codes. that this division take the initiative electrical industry. Alfred J. Hixon, Hixon Electric Com­ in creating such an agency in co­ 1. A lowering of material standards, pany, Boston. operation with the Bureau of Stan­ the marketing of cheap, shoddy and sub­ Laurence W. Davis, National Electri­ dards of the U. S. Department of standard electrical materials and equip­ cal Contractors Association. Commerce. This proposal is to be ment lower labor's status both on the 236 The Journal of Electrical lVo'rke1's and OperatU1'~ June, 1935

side of craftsmanship and wages, hours it possible for workmen to assemble to guard the safety, health and and working conditions. these component parts into a safe general welfare of the public against 2. Employers who market substandard grounding wiring system. harmful and destructive result!'; materials and install them are generally, 4. The shaping and fabrication of the through unskillful or improper instal­ when they are aware that they are doing electrical materials so as to preserve an lation of wires. this thing, unfair to labor and tend to esthetic quality inasmuch as the look of "The application and use of elec­ beat down labor standards. the materials has a direct bearing upon tricity for locomotion, heating, light­ 3. Substandard materials not only the workmanly habit of installation of ing and other utilities, both public and affect the economic status of labor but the worker. private, especially in the installation greatly increase hazards on the job. 5. The placing upon materials of a of the electric wires in public build­ 4. The use of substandard materials label service on all parts in order to ings, stores and private dwellings, are often brings labor into disrepute with enable the user to identify those materi­ essential factors to be taken into a~­ householders because labor is charged als that come up to the standard and to count on the question of the legal with the inefficiency of the installation eliminate substandard materials. property of a police regulation to the when the blame should be put on the 6. The achievement of a non-tamper­ end, to prevent incompetent persons materials. able circuit protection so that full pro­ from exercising, without due author­ 5. About this center, therefore, of tection will be given the workman that ization, a business or occupation labor standards in the electrical industry installs the system and the persons who fraught with danger to the public revolves every constituent element in live in the edifice where the system is safety, health and general welfare. the industry, namely, labor, manufactur­ installed. It is a matter of general history of ing, generation of power, municipal in­ In general, it may be said that some the use of electrical power that there spection, and consumption of current. manufacturers have reached these stand­ is much greater hazard of injury to ards. They have still to be widely life, limb and property, as a result Labor Must Participate adopted. There is some technical work of the use and application of elec­ 6. Therefore, labor is forced to de­ yet to be done in the way of perfecting tricity in the hands of the ignorant velop a sound and genuine interest in the the locknut-bushing type of connection, than there otherwise would have been question of standardized materials, their and to eliminate the flooding of the if only those who are skilled in the manufacturing sources, the art of instal­ market with unlabeled substandard work were entrusted with the task." lation, their connection with private and material. IV. The Need for a Public Standard­ public utility systems and other ramify­ II. The Relationship of the Art of Wir­ Setting Agency ing questions. ing to These Factors Bearing in mind that during depres­ If the. foregoing analysis mirrors the .sions all standards, whether they be The art of wiring demands skill. This truth of the situation; if, then, the art human or material, tend rapidly to fall, skill must be acquired by the mechanic . of wiring has a relationship to the great we submit this memorandum to the Di­ largely through an apprentice training process of construction. which makes it vision of Labor Standards in the United of four years on the job. The Federal not unlike a public utility; if it is true States Department of Labor. We are Bureau of Vocational Training has that there is an inescapable interrelation going to discuss: shown that it is impossible to learn the between the skill of the workman and 1. Sound factors in a complete wiring art of electrical wiring in school. But the quality of material, one would ipso system. skill avails little if the materials de­ facto reach the conclusion that standard­ 2. The relationship of the art of wir- livered on the job are defective or sub­ making and standard maintenance is a ing to these factors. • standard. If a proper bushing is not public function. 3. The public character of the wire­ supplied with armored cable by the The International Brotherhood of man's job. manufacturer, no amount of skill on the Electrical Workers has reached the con­ 4. The need for a public standard set­ part of the mechanic can correct this clusion that standard-making for the ting agency. deficiency. electrical industry should be in the con­ If a pipe that is turned out by a manu­ trol of a government agency. That I. Sound Factors in a Complete Wiring facturer is closed over with a thin agency could well be set up between the System enamel paint or with an aluminum paint Department of Commerce and the De­ It can be said at the outset that the so that any depressions in it made by partment of Labor in order that the tech­ character of the wiring system in any the workman are not properly covered, nical knowledge involved in the creation given edifice is determined by the manu­ allowing elements of deterioration to of proper manufacturing standards factured materials that make up its com­ enter, no amount of skill on the part of should arrive from the U. S. Bureau of ponent parts. In recent months certain the mechanic can correct this fault. If Standards and the proper knowledge in manufacturing interests have honestly the pipe is not smoothed off properly, the maintenance of sound labor stand­ and in a spirit of public service greatly when the wires are pulled, the covering ards should arrive from the U. S. Depart­ enhanced the value of their products is cut by these protuberances and the ment of Labor. It now becomes neces­ looking toward a sound wiring system. mechanic's skill is nullified. The point sary to review somewhat the situation The following factors may be said to is. of course, that labor's standards of in the electrical industry that militates make up a sound wiring system: efficiency and excellency depend in large against the consummation of this desired 1. Raceways, preferably rigid steel part upon the materials used. end. conduit, that will give full and lasting Standards in the electrical industry III. The Public Character of the protection to the conductors from all are now made in general by two agen­ Wireman's Job outside forces including moisture, blows cies: first, the U. S. Bureau of Stand­ during construction, heat, and other The resultant of superior materials in ards through the National Electrical extraneous enemies. the hands of superior workmen has so Safety Code. The bureau has no author­ 2. Insulating finishes, preferably sev­ much significance to house owners and ity except that of prestige. The Na­ eral coatings of zinc upon these raceways those occupants of buildings-in short, tional Electrical Safety Code is what in order that the raceway may perform to the public-that the wireman's art has its name implies-a code protecting fully its proper function against all taken on public significance. workers in the electrical field. The sec­ exigencies. Finishes such as black enamel We quote from a decision of the New ond instrument is the National Electri­ and paint should be eliminated. Jersey State Supreme Court: cal Code. This code does for property 3. A viewing of the wiring system as what the National Electrical Safety Code a whole in order to accomplish two aims: "It is a matter of common knowl­ does for life. The National Electrical (a) co-ordination of the standards of the edge, arising out of experience, that Code had its origin in the effort of fire different component parts into a single the mechanics of electricity require underwriters to lessen hazards to prop­ unit; (b) standards as such so as to make technical knowledge and skill in order erty in that field so that insurance rates June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 237

that the situation is serious enough to lay before the Division of Standards of the U. S. Department of Labor, and we solicit their good offices in working for the setting up of a public agency for the creation and maintenance of electric"al standards. The agenda for the May 4 conference is as follows: AGENDA May 4 Conference Major topic of discussion: Shall an electric code for use by municipalities and states be sponsored by federal agencies? I. Opening remarks--D. W. Tracy, presi­ dent, International Brotherhood of Elec­ trical Workers. II. Attempted control of quasi-public agency like electrical committee of N. F. P. A. by private commercial inter­ ests. Discussion leader: William H. One of the Floors of a Modern Building Showing the Intricacies of the Wiring System. Wiring Greenlaw, president, International Asso­ Standards on Such a Structure Do Not Often Have To Be Watched But Even Here Chiseling ciation of Municipal Electricians. Sometimes Shows Itself. Police Powers of the Union Through the City Iuspector's Office Are Important to Maintaining Such Standards. But Unless These Powers Are Backed by a Code III. Which Itself Protects Life and Property, the Powers Are of Little Avail. Report of the last meeting of the elec­ might be more stable. The direct in­ growing power of the commercial inter­ trical committee of N. F. P. A. Discus­ strumentality for the maintenance of ests has brought about serious contro­ sion leader: William J. Mahan, electrical the National Electrical Code is the elec­ versies in a field where controversy has inspector, New Haven, Conn. no place. Rationality, tradition and the trical committee, a committee of 80 IV. members and alternates of industry oper­ serious involvement of life and property ating under the National Fire Protection in the industry would lead one to believe Association. that only the most careful engineering Report on the probable confusion experience and knowledge would enter within the field as a result of the action Committee Bars Labor into the making of electrical standards. at the last meeting of the electrical The commercial interests have been committee. Discussion leader: A. Penn The International Brotherhood of known to employ the services of high Denton, consulting engineer, Rigid Steel Electrical Workers has made application pressure publicity types of men and to Conduit Association. for membership upon this comm.ittee use not only persuasion but the threat of V. but has been refused admission. '1 he commercial retaliation if members of the membership of the National Fire Protec­ electrical committee did not forfeit Report of the proposal made by the tion Association consists largely of firms their best judgment and admit materials 1. B. E. W. to the Department of Labor. and organizations. During the historical which really had no place in the Na­ Discussion leader: M. H . Hedges, direc­ development of the movement to fight tional Electrical Code. tor of research, International Brother­ fire, there has grown an agency called The upshot of this condition at the hood of Electrical Workers. the Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., hour of making this report brings a VI. which is a testing laboratory for electri­ division in the industry on this basis: cal devices and materials. The Ameri­ How shall the proposed government­ can Standards Association is a federa­ Commercial Group Public Group sponsored electrical code be formulated tion of about 40 national technical socie­ and maintained? Discussion leader: ties which is a liaison group between 1. Electric utili­ 1. Certain manu­ Walter E. Kern, electrical engineer, these societies, the government, and the ties centering in facturers of mate­ D. C. National Fire Protection Association. the Edison Elec­ rial who wish to VII. These then are the instrumentalities tric Institute. m a i n t a i n high. Resolution. with which the electrical industry under­ 2. Certain manu­ standards. takes to create and maintain proper facturers of elec­ 2. U. S. Bureau It is assumed that labor is available only standards in the electrical field. On the trical devices. of Standards, the in connection with capital; that nobody face of it the situation could not be National Associa­ labors unless somebody else, owning capital, much improved, but appearances are somehow by the use of it, induces him to tion of Electrical labor. This assumed, it is next considered illusory. The fact is that in its origin Inspectors, the In­ whether it is best that capital shaH hire and in its early life the electrical com­ ternational Associ­ laborers, and thus induce them to work by mittee was guided by engineering prin­ ation of Municipal their own consent, or buy them and drive ciples. Today engineering principles Electricians and them to do it without their consent. Having are being forced to give way to commer­ the International proceeded so far, it is naturaHy concluded cial objectives. Commercial interests Brotherhood of that al\ laborers are either hired laborers or which have axes to grind, which wish to Electrical Workers. what we call slaves. market certain products, and utility Now, there is no such relation between The point to making this analysis, of capital and labor as here assumed .... Labor companies which are desirous of building is prior to and independent of capital. Capi­ loads use pressure politics upon the elec­ course, is not to argue that -either side tal is only the fruit of labor, could never trical committee in such degree and in is sweepingly right or sweepingly wrong. have existed if labor had not first existed. such manner that engineering principles The main point is that controversy has Labor is the superior of capital, and de­ are violated, and neutral disinterested entered the field where rationality and serves much the higher consideration.­ decisions are difficult to make. The not emotion should reign. We believe Abraham Lincoln. 238 The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1985 Tracy Leads American Labor at Geneva

YES of American labor are today One of the principal subjects which fastened on Geneva, Switzerland. President of I. B. E. W. is Amer­ lies before this important session of the E There, beginning June 4, convened labor congress is the 40-hour week. the annual International Labour Confer­ ican delegate to International President Tracy's declaration on the ence under the auspices of the Interna­ Labour Conference. First annual 40-hour week will be published in full tional Labour Organization. This con­ conference shared by United in the July Journal. ference is made up of some 160 official delegates from about 40 nations. It is States. Forty hour week principal Truly International in Scope in effect a congress of nations. Behind subject. The International Labour Conference the 160 delegates is a staff of about 225 in rightly looked upon as congress of technical advisors who also have official nations dealing with problems of labor standing. The basis of representation and social justice. It is the most active under the constitution of the Interna­ For Labor: arm of the League of Nations. In June, tional Labour Organization is two official 1934, the United States Congress representatives from each participating Mr. Daniel W. Tracy, President, In­ adopted the joint resolution authoriz­ government: one from the dominant em­ ternational Brotherhood of Electrical ing President Roosevelt to accept mem­ ployers' organization of that nation and Workers. bership in the International Labour one from the dominant labor organiza­ Advisers: Organization. On June 22 this resolu­ tion of that nation. Both the employers' tion was officially communicated to the delegate and the labor delegate are cer­ For the government delegates: Mr. International Labour Conference and tified by the participating government Witt Bowden, Bureau of Labor Statis­ immediately the conference adopted a itself. tics, Department of Labor; Mr. Hugh S. resolution inviting the United States to Dan W. Tracy, International Presi­ Hanna, Bureau of Labor Statistics, De­ accept membership in the organization. dent, International Brotherhood of Elec­ partment of Labor; Mr. William G. Rice, Thereupon President Roosevelt, exer­ trical Workers, was nominated by Wil­ Jr., United States Labor Commissioner, cising the powers which Congress had liam Green, president, American Feder­ Geneva; Miss Margaret H. Schoenfeld, conferred upon him, accepted member­ ation of Labor, who himself is the official Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department ship as of August 20, issuing a proclama­ member for the United States, to the of Labor; Mr. Charles E. Wyzanski, Jr., tion to that effect on September 10; the governing body of the International solicitor, Department of Labor. United States accordingly became a Labour Office. Mr. Tracy's candidacy For the employers' delegate: Mr. E. contractual member of the International was endorsed by the Secretary of Labor Arthur Baldwin, Paris, France; Mr. Labour Organization from September and ratified by the Secretary of State Henry 1. Harriman, Boston, Mass.; Mr. 10, 1934. Observers from the U. S. and the President of the United States. Sam A. Lewisohn, New York, N. Y.; Mr. Department of Labor attended confer­ He sailed on May 22. J ames Howe Volkmann, Zurich, Switzer­ ences in Geneva thereafter. Among Mr. Henry Dennison, President, Den­ land. these were Dr. Isador Lubin, Commis­ nison Manufacturing Company, Fram­ For the labor delegate: Mr. Marion H. sioner of Labor Statistics, and Mary ingham, Mass., is the delegate for Hedges, Washington, D. C. Anderson, director of the Women's i n d u s try from this country. Dr. Walton Hamilton, member of the National Industrial $1e ObnJperJ"' :ROOm. Recovery Board, and c/ ut the Miss Grace Abbott, for­ Inr.e.nlculonal. labor' Of(c.c.e merly chief of the Chil­ ot'the l.ea.que of Nuh'on s dren's Bureau, are the official government rep­ resentatives. M. H. Hedges, director of re­ search for the Interna­ tional Brotherhood of Electrical W 0 r k e r s, went to Geneva as technical advisor to the American delegate for labor. The complete American delegation to the Nineteenth Session of the International Lab 0 u r Conference follows: For the Government: Dr. Walton Hamilton, member of the National Industrial Relations Board; Miss Grace Abbott, formerly Chief of the Children's Bureau of the Depart­ ment of Labor and now connected with the University of Chicago. For the Employers: Mr. Henry Dennison, President, Den­ nison Manufacturing Company, Fram­ ingham, Mass. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 239

Bureau. David Dubinsky, president of its governments in the respective of the International Ladies' Gar­ nations engaged in warfare, that ment Workers' Union, attended the labor became sick of the fighting meeting of the governing body of long before the armistice and began the International Labour Office held· to press for reforms within the na­ in Geneva in April, 1935. There is tions before the war ended. The a permanent staff of about 500 re­ very fact that labor became restless search people, housed in a beautiful under the fighting no doubt had a modern building on Lake Leman, great deal to do with the rather which carries on the complex and abrupt ending of the conflict. Fur­ important ad interim activities of ther, it should be remembered that the 1. L. O. Harold Butler, of this restlessness in some countries Great Britain, is director of the In­ grew to the staggering dimensions ternational Labour Office. He suc­ of revolution. Russia had trans­ ceeded Albert Thomas on his death formed itself from a czaristic to a recently. Mr. Thomas was director soviet form of government. Hun­ from the I. L. O.'s inception shortly gary was actually in the control of after the World War until his revolutionists. German socialists, death. The management of the 1. once hated, were sweeping into L. O. is carried on by a governing power in Germany. Everywhere it body. The governing body itself, looked as if new forms would re­ under Article 393 of the League of place the old. When the powers met Nations, is composed of 32 persons, at Versailles to salvage from the of whom 16 represent government, wreckage what could be salvaged, eight represent employers and they were at first inclined to ignore eight represent workers. One-half the claims of labor, but as the rllvo­ of the 16 government representa­ lutionary movement grew they were tives are appointed by members of not so much inclined toward industrial importance while the ignoring labor. President Wilson other half are selected for that pur­ thought he had in the League of pose by government delegates tQ Nations an instrument for the pres­ the conference, excluding the dele­ ervation of world peace, and it is gates of the members of chief in­ said that he first began to seriously dustrial importance. Mr. William consider making part of the League Green is a member of the governing of Nations structure the Interna­ body. The governing body might tional Labour Office on the advice be compared to the executive coun­ of Samuel Gompers, president of cil of the American Federation of the American Federation of Labor. Labor. The annual International At any rate those who know the Labour Conference, to which Mr. beginnings of the International La- Tracy is delegate, might be com- PRESIDENT TRACY bour Office know that Samuel Gom­ pared to the annual convention of Sits in World Labor Conference at Geneva. pel'S played an important part in the American Federation of Labor. its formation. Mr. Gompers, it Inay The agenda in full for the June con­ be remarked, supported the war aims of ference is: the United States government. He broke with the Second Internationale and was Full Calendar Offered instrumental in establishing at Amster­ 1. Maintenance of rights in course of dam the International Federation of acquisition and acquired rights under in­ Trade Unions. validity, old-age, and widows' and or­ America No Longer Outsider phans' insurance on behalf of workers who transfer their residence from one When the first session of the 1. L. O. country to another. (Second discussion.) was held in Washington in 1917, history 2. Employment of women on under­ ironically records that America did not ground work in mines of all kinds. (Sec­ participate directly. Observers from the ond discussion.) American Federation of Labor sat in the 3. Unemployment among young per­ galleries all through the sessions, for the sons. (Either first or single discussion, simple reason that Congress had refused according to the decision of the con­ to ratify the League of Nations and enter ference.) the World Court. It was not until Sep­ 4. The recruiting of labor in colonies tember 10, 1934, recorded above, that this and in other territories with analogous gap was repaired and representatives of conditions. (First discussion.) the United States actually sat. 5. Holidays with pay. (First discus­ The exact wording of the very impor­ sion.) tant subject of curtailment of hours is as 6. Reduction of hours of work. follows: "The reduction of hours of work, with The sessions are held in the center of special reference to: (a) public works the city of Geneva-the city that has been undertaken or subsidized by govern­ an international center for centuries­ ments; (b) iron and steel; (c) building on the University of Geneva campus. and contracting; (d) glass bottle manu­ American labor unionists, in order to facture; and (e) coal mines." understand what the International La­ It is in this form that the question of bour Office is, should turn back the pages the 40-hour week will come before the of history. They should put themselves nineteenth session of the International in the center 'of Europe follOwing the DAVID DUBINSKY Labour Conference, which opens at World War. They should remember that Represented President Green of the A. F. of L . In the Governing Body Meeting of Geneva, on June 4, 1935. though labor generally supported the aims the 1. L. O. in April. (Continued on page 267) 240 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1995 Legal Approach Depends on Economics By BENJ AMIN F. GOL DSTEIN, Chicago Attorney

[Editor's Note: Here follows a part uses-not established at the date of its of the notable address of Mr. Goldstein Winner of decision against Bell adoption. under the auspices of the College of Law The decision represented an attempt and the College of Commerce, University Telephone Company tells law by the State of Illinois to prohibit non­ of Illinois. This JOURNAL considers these students at university that law regulated action, otherwise economically observations of importance in an era should be a living thing. sound, in relation to regulated action to when jurists are making decisions prevent the possibility of abuse of the a priori, a$ if in legal vacuums.] latter through the misuse of the former, instead of regulating the relationship ONSIDER with me now the harm markets which had been developed dur­ for the same purpose, as was true in which comes to the public and pri­ other states. C vate interests involved and to the ing this period was spasmodic and negli­ gible. community at large from attempts to Economic Err ors M a d e solve problems in this field (law) on 3. On the other hand, the Chicago ele­ vator operators had developed, during The attempt not only failed, but pro­ grounds which are economically unsound. duced much harm during the next quar­ For this purpose I have taken as illustra­ ter century. It resulted in the operators tions two situations-one, the attempted withdrawing their elevators in whole or prohibition of private uses of Chicago in part from the public service and de­ terminal public grain elevators; and the voting them to private uses in their mer­ other, the current attempt to abolish sev­ chandising business. Such action ad­ eral classes of holding companies in a versely affected in four ways the business portion of the public utility field. These of public storage of grain in Chicago: illustrations I have selected because of their analogous historical background (1) It destroyed the flexibility in t he and because the lessons from the experi­ use of space, distribution of common ence of the one may be of value in dealing nonproductive overhead, and economy with the other. of operation inherent in the inter­ Consider the grain situation. In 1871 changeable public and private uses of Illinois subjected to regulation as a p ub­ the same space, and to that extent lic utility the business of public storage increased the expense burden, to be of grain in Chicago on the basis of three absorbed by the public utility rates, economic factors: of operating the remaining public 1. I n 1870 there was a natural flow of space. grain to Chicago from the West and (2) It created a shortage in the Northwest; it enjoyed a ma rket monopoly amount of regulated space necessary as the sole gateway therefrom to the from time to time to hold the public's areas of consumption. grain as part of f uture trading which 2. I n 1870 the storage of grain in Chi­ had developed into an important mar­ cago terminal public elevators was an keting practice in Chicago since 1900. essential link in the machinery for mark­ (3) The interference in the Chicago eting grain. The farmer or the local market alone with operations which dealer purchasing from him consigned _ had economic usefulness, discrimi­ the grain to the commission merchant in BENJAMIN F. GOLDSTEIN nated against that market in favor of Chicago for resale, who, in turn, sold it those markets wherein such opera­ to the shipper for the account of his the same period, a profitable business of tions were permitted. eastern connections; pending such resale merchandising gr a ins by gra de or sam­ (4) It permitted unscrupUlous ele­ the grain was stored in these elevators. ple. As an integral part of this mer­ vator operators to so use the non­ 3. The essential requirement of acces­ chandising business, the operators ma de regulated private spa ce in relation to sibility to both water and rail carriage use of the otherwise empty terminal the regulated public space as to evade created a monopolistic strategic advan­ public elevators (a) to mix their own the requirements of and to adversely tage in the market for those whose ele­ grains to qualify for grading, and (b) affect their public utility operations to vators could so qualify. to store, pending resale, such graded their own undue advantage and to the The balance between the public and gra ins and t he other non-gra ded grains destruction of confidence in the sys­ private interests involved justified regu­ owned by them. tem of grain marketing in Chicago in lation. In the face of these new conditions, which the entire country was inter­ ested. Economic Factors Shift however, t he I llinois courts, at t he in­ stance of t he state, enjoined, in 1902, the By 1927 the a dverse effects called for But hardly had such regulation be­ operators from storing in their own remedial action, and in that year the come effective yvhen three new economic terminal public · elevators grain which Illinois State Legislature reversed the factors altered the entire picture as it they owned, and held unconstitutional a position taken in 1902 in that: existed in 1870; by 1902 they emptied state statute permitting them so to do 1. It gave legal recognition to the in­ the Chicago terminal public elevators of under certain regulated conditions. The terchangeable employment by elevator the public's grain and filled them with grounds for the decision were: operators of the space therein for public grain owned by the operators themselves. 1. The presence of the opera tor's own and private uses. These three factors were: grain in the public storage space gave 2. It prescribed regulations to prevent 1. The farmer or local dealer was now to him a power to manipulate grain de­ abuses in the public and private uses of using the country elevator system which liveries to the disadvantage of the pub­ the space in relation to each other to had been built up since 1871 by or for lic's grain therein. adversely affect the public use thereof. him to store his grain pending resale. 2. The provisions of the state consti­ The 1927 program is generally re­ 2. T he use of the Chicago elevators tution of 1870 creating terminal public. garded a s a constructive solution on a for storage of the public's grain in t hat elevators by implication excluded their sound economic basis of a long-lingering, market, or of grain in tra nsit from other use for any operations-such a s private (Continued on page 267) June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 241 Frozen Prices-and the Way Out

SMALL paper-backed pamphlet of businessmen. The short-coming of the 38 pages represents apparently the Official government publication pamphlet from labor's point of view is A most important piece of economic that he does not say that labor and the literature to come out of the New Deal. levels sharp attack on old-fash­ consumer should be of necessity repre­ The pamphlet is entitled "Industrial ioned economics. sented on any board where prices are to Prices and Their Relative Inflexibility". be administered. He does not overlook It was prepared for the Secretary of this fact altogether, however. He asserts: Agriculture on order of the United States Senate by Gardiner C. Means, economic to get for them. He is sure that they Correction Must Come From Labor adviser to Henry A. Wallace. Its fate, will all be sold, because he is not going officially declared, is as follows: "Janu­ to pay freight to have the hogs shipped "If the interests are to impinge on ary 17, 1935.-0rdered to lie on the back to him, or drive home with a load each other, labor and consumer interests table and be printed with illustrations." of carrots to rot on his hands; but he must be strengthened as pressure groups, To date it has not had the recognition cannot tell what the price is to be. presumably through the building up of or the distribution that it deserves. "Contrast the fate of a Chevrolet with their organizations. Such organizations The deep import of this pamphlet is the fate of a hog. In the offices of General would gain a status which they do not as follows: It factually proves that in Motors, the managers decide on the 1935 now have by being given a constructive a very large sector of economic and in­ price. They print their price lists and role to play in the making of industrial dustrial life in America, prices are not mail them out to their salesmen. They policy, and the government might prop­ set by the immutable law of supply and may arrange ahead of time to buy the erly take positive steps to encourage their demand, but by adrr.inistrative rulings materials which go into the Chevrolet growth, just as it did in the case of busi­ of business men. Adequate charts are at prices for materials which promise ness organizations in the first year of presented to support this contention. The to give them a profit on each car at the NRA and in the case of farmers through rest of the pamphlet is devoted to trac­ price which they decide upon for the car. the encouragement of farm co-operatives ing the significance of this fact. The They do not know how many Chevrolets and the farm-extension service. As the pamphlet asserts: they are going to sell; but they do know interest groups became more nearly equal "The difference between market prices at what price they will be sold. The con­ in power, their decisions would tend in­ and administered prices is clear. A tI'ast between the price of the farmers' creasingly to be in the public interest." market price is one which is made in hogs or carrots and the price of a 1934 He goes on to say: the market as the result of the interaction Chevrolet is the contrast between the "Thus, the shift of large segments of buyers and sellers. The prices of two kinds of price determination." of economic activity from co-ordination wheat and cotton are market prices as Classic economists, those who have through the market to co-ordination are many other agricultural products. been attacking labor's high wage philoso­ through administered activity has grad­ This is the type of price around which phy as the road to prosperity, have also ually sucked controls over industrial traditional economic theory has been been contending that price is set in the activity away from the three parties built. open market by the pressure of buyers. mainly at interest, the security holders, "An administered price is essentially Mr. Means indubitably shows that only the workers and the consumers. It has different. It is a price which is set by in the agricultural field does supply and placed this control in the hands of ad­ administrative action and held constant demand work, while in the industrial ministrators, nominally responsible to for a period of time. We have an ad­ area prices are administered. Mr. Means the one group, the security holders, but ministered price when a company main­ contends that business men are not fit factually responsible in all too many tains a posted price at which it will make to set prices. He believes it should be a cases to no one. Such a concentration sales or simply has its own prices at government function in co-operation with (Continued on page 269) which buyers may purchase or not as they wish. Thus, when the General Motors management sets its wholesale price for a particular model and holds that price for six months or a year the price is an administered price. Many wholesale and most retail prices are administered rather than market prices For administered prices the price is rigid, at least for a period of time, and sales (and usually production) fluctuate with the demand at the rigid price."

Farmers Have O ne Economy Light is thrown further on this same subject by examples given by Mr. Means: "The difference between the two meth­ ods of price making can be clearly seen in the ca e of concrete examples. . The farmer sends his hogs to market or carts his carrots to town in the early morning. The price that he gets for those hogs or carrots depends upon market conditions -how many other farmers have sent in hogs or brought in carrots that day, and how many people are there to buy. The prices are the result of a bargain struck under these conditions. When the farmer sends his hogs or brings his carrots, he Counesy 14th Biennial E.1h1biUoo or ContemJ)Orary American on Pa.lntio&'8. the Corcoran Gallery or Art. Wa.sh1ngton. D . C. Farm Economy Operates Under the Old Law of Supply and Demand But In the Industrial Field does not know just how much he is going Two Forces Have Entered to Freeze Prices. "HOMESTEAD" hy Thomas H . Benton. 242 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935 Wages and Wages and W ag~s andWages

HEN a social world is created Shares ______37,720 Price per share ______$37 there will be a fair evaluation of Companies that oppose every W services and salaries. The engineer American Safety Razor Corp. who drives a great train across the con­ move of union labor for wage in­ President Milton Dammann __ $59,740 tinent is paid possibly $250.00 per month. creases pay executives fabulous Shares ______~ ______20 He has in his keeping the lives of men, salaries. Price per share ______$74 women and children, and upon the sure­ American Smelting & Refining Co. ness of his hand and the keenness of his President Simon Guggenheim $50,000 eyesight depend the destinies of these Shares ______2,000 lives. A pugilist stands up in a ring and Revere Copper & Brass, Inc. Chairman Francis H. boxes for a few minutes and is paid President C. Donald Dallas ___ $54,500 Brownell ______$100,000 $75,000. A man writes an immortal book Shares ______5,513 Shares ______15 and possibly receives two or three hun­ Chairman Barton Haselton ___ $28,636 Price per share ______$38 dred dollars, while an advertising agent, Shares ______15,130 Phelps Dodge Corp. propagandizing for big business is rated Price per share ______$6 President Louis Shattuck a millionaire. Building trades workmen Cates ______$76,440 Pet Milk Co. Shares ______30 who during the depression years have President John A. Latzer _____ $31,500 made less than $500.00 per year, and Shares ______20,413 Director Arthur Curtiss James __ $150 in good years never made more than Vice President William T. Shares ______-407,625 $2,500.00 are called the aristocrats of Nardin ______$50,465 Price per share ______$16.50 labor, and propagandists for big business Shares ______1,600 Air Reduction Co. consider them labor profiteers. During Director Marriner S. Eccles _____ none Chairman Frederick B. code hearings before NRA, any increase Shares ______1,490 Adams ______$38,668 in minimum wages was forcibly opposed Price per share ______$18 Shares ______900 by business men and their high-priced President C. E. Adams _____ $76,269 Aviation Corp'. Shares ______200 lawyers. What is a man worth? What President Lucius B. Manning__ $15,000 is an executive worth? It is true an execu­ Shares ______100,000 Price per share ______$118 tive is a valuable man, but is he one Chairman Errett Lobban Cord_$10,000 Owens-Illinois Glass Co. thousand times more valuable than the Shares ______3,500 President William E. Levis __ $100,000 man bn the job? Price per share ______$4 Shares ______100 Price per share ______$91 Under the Securities and Exchange Standard Oil of Indiana Act, every United States corporation President Edward G. SeuberL$117,900 Texas Co. seeking a permanent listing on a regis­ Shares ______12,021 Chairman Charles B. Ames ___ $75,000 tered stock exchange must report .the Price per share ______$25 Shares ______15,869 salaries of its principal officers. These are Price per share ______$21 General Outdoor Advertising Co. now beginning to come in and they are a President Burnett W. Robbins_$56,390 Pullman, Inc. revelation as to what business men take Shares ______12,503 President David A. Crawford_$65,484 out of businesses while opposing labor's Price per share ______$4 Shares ______1,834 aims. Director Harold S. VanderbilL __ $240 Crown Zellerbach Corp. Shares ______5,000 Remington-Rand, Inc. Chairman Louis Bloch ______$67,500* Shares ______21,100 Director Richard K. Mellon ______$680 President James H. Rand Jr. __ $94,120 Shares ______:..4,000 Shares ______245,447 President Isadore Zellerbach __ $45,900 Price per share ______$9.50 Shares ______91,850 Price per share ______$39 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. Price per share ______$3.50 U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. Chairman Chas. E. Adams ____ $36,300 President P. W. Litchfield ____ $81,000 National Cash Re'gister Co. Shares ______none Shares ______10~01 Price per share ______$19 Chairman Edward A. Deeds __ $75,000 President Chas. S. Munson ____ $31,840 Shares ______24,000 Shares ----______2,200 U. S. Rubber Co. President F. B. Patterson _____ $72,000 Price per share ______$40 President Francis B. Davis __ $125,219 Shares ______117,989t Shares ______10 Price per share ______$15.75 Industrial Rayon Corp. Price per share ______$12.50 President Hiram S. Rivitz _____ $96,441 Hamilton Watch Co. Shares ---______9,009 Diamond Match Co. President Frank C. Beckwith __ $12,000 Price per share ______$26 President W. A. Fairburn ___ $100,000 Shares ______~ ______1~06 Shares ______1,500 Price per share ______$6 Mesta Machine Co. Price per share ______$30.25 President Lorenz Iversen _____ $26,033 Allegheny Steel Co. Shares ______88,118 Crosley Radio Corp. President Harry E. Sheldon ___ $47,823 Price per share ______$30 President Powel Crosley Jr. ___ $24,000 Shares ______79,056 Shares ______152,699 Boeing Airplane Co. Price per share ______$25 Price per share ______$16 President C. L. Egtvedt ______$20,000 Armstrong Cork Co. Shares ------______-4,375 Pittsburgh Coal Co. Chairman John J. Evans _____ $48,000 Price per share ---______$8 President J. D. A. Morrow ___ $74,440 Shares ______5,920 Shares ______4,901 Dettoit Edison Co. Price per share ______$8 President H. W. Prentis, Jr. __ $48,000 President Alex. Dow ______$75,715 Shares ______11,313 Shares ------______535 Eastman Kodak Co. Price per share ______$20 President Frank W. Lovejoy __ $90,903 Vice President Sarah M. Shares ______4,670 Sears, Roebuck & Co. Sheridan ----______$25,228 Shares ------______600 Chairman William G. Stuber __ $61,230 Chairman Lessing J. Rosen- Shares ______5,000 wald ______.:. ______$85,139 Price per share ______$74 Shares ______91,836 Price per share ______$133 McKeesport Tin Plate Co. President Robert E. Wood ____ $81,818 President E. R. Crawford_ *$173,750 Curtis Publishing Co. Shares ______2,000 Chairman George H. Lorimer $100,000 • Includes $32,737 salary from Crown W!lla­ Shares ______75,000 mette Paper Co., a subsidiary. Price per share ______~ ______$103 t All but five shares are held by Far Hills Price per share ______$20 Co., Patterson family holding company. * Includes a $92,500 bonus. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 243 "Black Fury" Gets Down to Hard Earth By P. J. KING, Machinists' Union, Boston

N a desire to reach and please the he is released, he learns that the men greatest number of patrons the aver­ Hollywood's first labor picture have decided to surrender and return to I age motion picture has been diluted to work as individuals at a lower wage a state that is an offe.nse to adult intel­ is getting a good press. Human­ scale. ligence. After a long series of pictures ness of story. Muni's great acting, that have little or no relation to real and the new subject matter draws Joe is Penitent life it is a thrilling relief to view a picture like Black Fury, a story of miners in 'em in. Not altogether pleasing Knowing this means the loss of all their harsh and frequent struggles to to labor. they have struggled for through past rise from a meagre and wretched state years, Joe steals a truckload of dyna­ of living. mite and provisions and barricades him­ The foundation of the story is based self in the mine. on the death of John Barcoski, a miner in the mines, fomenting discord, and try­ First he blows up the powder plant of Imperial, Pa., who was beaten to death ing to undermine the influence of the and conducts a one man strike against by mine guards, 1929. The utter sav­ national union. At a meeting of the the entire mine police force by threaten­ agery of the killing aroused the people miners the union organizer urges the ing to blow up the mine unless the oper­ men to stick to their ators recognize the union and take back agreement with the t he men at the old scale. mine operators. The operators decide to starve him The detective out, but as the days pass, the news­ agent iss h 0 ute d papers take up the sensational case, and down when he finally the government steps in and the pleads for a strike. strike is settled by mutual agreement. Then Joe, filled with "Black Fury" gets down to hard earth, liquor and looking and depicts incidents which are neither for trouble, staggers attractive nor peaceful. Because there in and yells for are so many scenes that are controversial "fight." Joe is in subject matter, Chicago and the State popular with the of Maryland banned the film. miners, and the de­ There are features of this picture tective s e i z est he that will not be entirely pleasing to situation to make labor, and certainly not to business and Joe the leader of the police. But, allowing for such objec­ the radicals. The tions, the realistic description of life in result is that half a company-owned coal town, the scabs, of the men with­ the brutal beatings by mine police, and draw from the inhuman evictions make it the most pow­ union. erful strike picture that has yet been made. Courtesy Warner Brothers The next day these men are locked Hitherto only references to unions Nothing Is Left for These Men Now But Bold Defiance. out of the mine and have appeared in the movies. The Actors a battle ensues, fol­ Equity Association has fared better, per­ of western Pennsylvania to such a high lowing which the mine operators declare haps, than any other labor organization. pitch of indignation that a spirited de­ a general lockout, evict the families from Occasionally the Equity has figured in mand for the abolition of the coal and the company houses and decide to break dramas of behind-the-scenes types of iron police system followed. the union. pictures such as Al Jolson's "Go Into No one was more incensed than Judge The detective agency brings in car­ (Continued on page 267) M. A. Musmanno, then a young attorney loads of strike­ serving his first term in the legislature. breakers and thugs Out of the things Musmanno learned employed as guards, during his personal investigation of the who raise high jinks, case there came the story of life among while the families of the mines, "Jan Volkanik." From this the miners starve in book came the play, "Bohunk." And the fro zen hills. now for the first time there is a picturi­ Joe is blamed for zation on the screen of American-Slovak their troubles and life in the coal mines. shunned. Paul Muni, famous for his dramatic One of the im­ realism in "I Am a Fugitive From a ported thugs attacks Chain Gang" has the leading role of Joe the daughter of a Radek, a big happy-go-lucky coal miner. miner. Mike, the union secretary, res­ Life of Grim Struggle cues her, and in th", The story in brief: Joe has saved fight that follows, enough money to buy a little farm near Joe is knocked cold the mines, on which he hopes to settle with a blackjack and down with his sweetheart, Anna. Just Mike is killed. before the wedding, Anna runs away Anna returns with a company cop, and Joe, completely home penitent and stunned, goes out on a terrific bender. wiser, but Joe, in For weeks a detective agency that the hospital, refuses Courtesy Warner Brothers specialized in strike breaking, had agents to talk to her. When The Miner H ero Feels the Weight of Strong· Arm MetIJods. 244 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1995 Hollywood Technicians Can Never Nod By HOLLYWOOD COMMENTATOR

(Edito r's Note: This is the second in The cameraman must be sure that every­ the Se1-1.eS of 1Wtable articles on the crafts­ Temperament, that gay short­ thing is o. k. for him. The set-lighting manship which lies behind the actor's art. foreman must be sure that his lights The first appea1'ed in April. The third in coming of actors and actresses, are placed properly. The operator must July or August.) is "out" in so far as the equipment not permit his lights to flicker. The operators go. Neither wind nor script secretary must get each word OLUMES have been written on the uttered, and keep track of an infinite V motion picture business. Alert rain nor smiles nor pain may halt number of details. The man at the gener­ publicity departments turn out a their needed services. ato'r must always be at the throttle of mass of news about the pictures and stars his plant. The stageman must, with his each year, that is published in every boom, have the "mike" at the proper language, and use is made of every possi­ place, The recorder must have his equip­ ble means of conveying intelligence, to ducer may make an error in judgment. ment ready to record. keep alive interest in the motion picture Allowances must be made for the vagaries people. An avid public absorbs reams of children or animals. But the men and Team Play I. Essential of information from press agents ami women who make a picture possible must publicity departments. The motion pic­ never fail. The mixer must "get it." Given this perfection of team-play, ture business-its actors, directors, and with everything running smoothly-so authors--are perhaps the most publi­ smoothly, in fact, that it is taken for cized persons in the world today. granted-we can proceed with the tak­ But how little the public knows of ing of the picture. this vast industry, as an industry, that It is common practice to make a long lies behind their favorite stars. The shot, a medium shot, and the necessary motion picture business ranks as the close-ups of the same action. In this fourth largest in the world. connection, it is hard for the public to The making of motion pictures is a understand that a comparatively few highly hazardous business. Public taste years ago the close-up was unknown, must be foretold in advance. There are It is said that early audiences hooted numerous instances of accidents to im­ the first close-ups, inquiring, "Where's portant actors or to the director, neces­ their feet?" sitating either complete abandonment of "Perambulators," "dollies," and cranes the undertaking or expensive reshooting are called upon to create spectacular of a partially completed production. In effects. With these operators creep upon addition, the industry is faced with the a picture, without the necessity of a hazards of weather, censorship, and "cut." Complicated and expensive cranes markets sometimes curtailed by execu­ are built to permit the smooth change of tive order of various governmental au­ location of the camera. These make for thorities throughout the world, because complications in lighting and microphone of racial or other considerations. placement, but yet no errors or delays With all these hazards making up such can be pE'rmitted the technical forces. an important part of the cost of the No temperament there. Wind, weather, picture, the technical force cannot add water, or storms-nothing can interfere. to hazards in any way. They must be And be it said for the technicians, very always on the job. Actors may "blow WILLIAM JOHNSON, rarely has it ever been allowed to in­ up" in their lines. The director or pro- Chief of R. K. O. Studio. terfere.

Lett to right; Front row- Frank McGUvray, Allen Pettebone, Chas. Mnnroe, Wllllam S. Johnson, Ray Stmbro, Cleo Crabtree, Herman Llpney, Warren Brown. Back row- Orville Beckett, Paul Bristow, Bert Wayne, Leonard Bowyer. Robert Sknger, Donald Hlnkston, Frank Uecker, Chas. Ferguson, S. H . (Bart) Barton, James Valana, James Almond, Art Jonea, Walter Quast. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operat01's 245

across the story. The direc­ logue take form, the stage man wheels tor consults with the script the boom in. He it is who manipulates secretary, the dialogue writer the "mike" or the several "mikes." The the cameraman, and the boom is usually a tripod on wheels, with sound engineer. Slowly, the an arm that can be moved in or out with "business" and dialogue take a crank. An ingenious system of pulleys shape. and counterweights permits the micro­ In the interim, the tech­ phone silently to follow the actors and nical force is quietly and pick up the sound waves. efficiently making it possible The mixer, usually on the set near the to transfer to a permanent scene of action, has a volume control, record of lights and shadows with various indicating instruments. The on a strip of celluloid a few volume and quality are subject to his con­ hundred feet long, the back­ trol, the former through his volume con­ ground, the motions and the trols and the latter largely through the words of the actors. They "mike" placement, which is usually under Portable Generator Which Furnishes Power When on Location. are making ready hour after his direction. The team-play between hour for the few moments, the mixer and stage man is an important Not all shots are made in sound-proof often only seconds, which actually are factor in consistently good quality. stages. The gentle rain falling on the consumed in shooting the scene. Ah, The Great Moment Arrives roof will cause complications to be in­ In the distance, a gas-driven, portable, troduced which must be solved. Wind d. c. generator, capable of delivering Weare now ready to "shoot." Make­ blowing through the trees may cause a thousands of amperes of current, has up receives a "going over" to freshen it. rustling sufficient to spoil the shot. De­ been set up. From it, portable cables Hair-dressers put the finishing touches vices originating in the studios have been have been run to the set and terminated on the actors. The director asks if every­ made for placing around the microphone in plugging boxes. Enormous lights of thing is ready. A whistle is blown, noti­ to filter out such extraneous noises. many kinds, all spedalty equipment, are fying everyone to be silent, and at an All in all, it is a great deal like troup­ set up and adjusted for elimination of order from the director, the camera and ing under the difficulties of the traveling shadows and to provide back-lighting. sound recording machines, which are shows of a few years ago. No matter Trucks disgorge their loads of chairs, synchronized with each other, begin to what the obstacles are, the ingenuity of umbrellas, make-up tables, "props," and turn. the staff is called upon to solve them. the innumerable adjuncts necessary to At a signal from the sound recorder Is it a cello glass needed to soften the the making of a picture. that the machines have reached their effect of a light on the face of our fair Stand-by carpenters and laborers are correct speed, the action commences. Us­ heroine? It is immediately available. clearing away underbrush. Perhaps the ually, several "shots" are made. to permit Even if in a remote location, if the un­ foreground is too light. A stand-by selection of the best one. On the assur­ thinkable happened, and no cello glass painter mixes a paint of the desired color, ance from the cameraman and sound were to be had, some form of substitute and the entire ground is sprayed, within engineer that the "take" was satisfac­ would be forthcoming. The ingenuity of the side-lines of the camera, in an in­ tory, the director orders the particular the crew would provide that. credibly short time. "take" printed, to be seen the next morn­ ing in the projection room before the Travelin:J Expeditions-These An assistant director is dispatched to the neighboring cottage to secure the co­ day's work commences. Surh "takes," The amount of preparation, material, operation of the owner to silence a dog when viewed, are termed "rushes." and equipment necessary to go on loca­ that persists in barking. (Continued on pRg'e ::!(j~) tion is enormous. It is an everyday oc­ currence at a major studio that as many Out of Chaos-Order as five or six companies may be shooting at various places in the world. Out of seeming disorder Some of the personnel necessary in the and chaos, the finished scene making of a picture are: The director, begins to take form. A several assistant directors, dialogue sound-truck - a s elf - con­ writer, first and second cameramen, each tained' complete, sou n d­ with an a ssistant, sound crew of four or recording channel-has been more, usually a publicity man, script set up near. From it radi­ secretary, still photographer, set-lighting ate, like a spider's web, a foremen and assistants, lamp operators, maze of portable cables. A hair-dressers, make-up artists and as­ sound engineer, or "mixer," sistants, grips, painters, laborers, per­ has been 0 b s e r v i n g t h ~ sonal maids and valets, property men and action as it takes form assistants, special effects men, such as under the director. His for the purposes of wind, rain, smoke assistants have tested their or explosives, and wardrobe managers circuits, and the entire com­ and assistants. plicated apparatus has been When on location, it is customary to checked. The light valve has have maintenance men, trained to care been set. This is a sensitive for the highly intricate cameras, and medium, whereby the elec­ others for the sound equipment. There trical impulses set up in the also must always be provided transporta­ microphone by sound waves tion for this crew, and the necessary are, after having been ampli­ paraphernalia. fied, used to interrupt a Let us picture a location in a canyon source of light focused on adjacent to Hollywood. The shot is of a the film. This film, traveling pair of tramps discussing political ques­ at 90 feet a minute, has tions of the day. The actors are under a photographed upon it a ser­ tree rehearsing their lines. The "busi­ ies of striations which are ness" is discussed at length. "Business," later translated into sound as used in this sense, means the actions waves in the theatre. This Still From the "Becky Sharp" Film Which Is Pioneering other than dialogue necessary to put As the "business" and dia- in Color Art Shows the Elaborate Ligbting Effects ~eeded. 246 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935 , Casey s Chronicles of the Work World By SHAPPIE

Ho! HoI FOI' the gallant troubleman, a sturdy adherent of the I. B. E. W. had King of the stormy night. The Old Master is back again caused him on more than one oc­ With rubber gZQves and trusty plie1's casion to lose a good job rather than He braves the green-fanged, flwming fires with stories of the trade. Our sacrifice his principles. "We'll put in That hiss from the deadly, broken wires readers will recognize these types. a new stick here," he said, pointing to As he conquel's their venomous spite. Union conditions make happy the nearest old pole which bore the red LINE ROOM LYRICS. chalk mark of the pole tester showing jobs. it had been condemned. "Slim, put on HE sun was shining brightly on a yer hooks an' take a handline with yuh Monday morning as Slim Toban left an' go up the old pole an' Percy will T his boarding house to go to work. Dis­ a stately wind jammer leaving port. Dan send yuh up a couple 0' ropes to side daining to use his street car pass he guy 'er. Shorty. You an' Punk put the climbed into his seat on the big line started away with long, swinging strides, new pole on the framing horse an' roof which bespoke youth and health, and not truck beside Percy, his driver. "All abo-o-oard," he shouted. The line gang 'er with the cross cut while Bill cuts the being overburdened by an excess of this grains an' then yuh can saw off the old world's goods, like some poor people leaped to their places, and they also set sail on the animated sea of industry, one. Sid. You an' 'Baldy' go down the who crawl miserably along bearing the line an' trim them trees I showed yuh heavy burden of accumulated stocks and to be followed by several of the lesser craft. the other day, an' don't cut any more bonds; and reasonably sure that his din­ than yuh have to so as to please the old ner bucket would provide for his next Good Talk Begins man that owns them. Baldy. Pile up meal, he so entered into the joyous the brush neat an' tell the old man we'll spirit of the morning that he gave vent Old Bill Sims took a comfortable seat haul it away later." to a tuneful whistle which matched the at the rear end of the truck with his ecstatic trilling of the little feathered feet resting on the broad, lowered tail Fun While at Work songsters who flitted here and there board, with his satellites, Shorty Raines In the meantime Percy and Slim had among the trees along the way. In this and Sid DeVille, parked beside him, from got the side guys on and adjusted and happy frame of mind he soon reached which point of vantage, as they viewed then Percy, with the help of Bill, with "the works" where the line trucks were the rapidly receding scenery, they dis­ much tugging and lifting, brought the housed. As was their custom, his fellow cussed learnedly on the leading ques­ big blocks over to the foot of the old workers had fore-gathered with ample tions of the day, and easily solved prob­ pole, which was to be used as a gin. Un­ time to pass around the "makin's," and lems which are rapidly reducing world tying the coil lashings they pulled the indulge in the joshing and horse play statesmen to a condition bordering on blocks up to Slim on his handline to be which is in the make-up of any normal mental jitters. Punk McGinnis, who, hooked in the sling around the top of line gang. The pilot of the trolley truck, like the fat boy in Dickens, never lost the pole. Having secured the blocks known as Chief Big Smoke had, as was an opportunity to relax into childlike Slim caught the loop of his line on the his usual morning custom, gathered a slumber, sought an easy couch and was hook of the lower block and promptly slim-built, trolley lineman, known as almost instantly dead to the world. Slim dropped the rest of it on Punk's head Spats, in his mighty arms and was taking was about to follow his example when causing that much-tried individual to unpardonable liberties with that much­ suddenly a bright idea struck him. With shout angrily up at him. "Yuh tried to tried individual's person. Spats had a pair of pliers he gently tapped the drown me this mornin' an' now yer tryin' acquired his nick name through having floor of the truck and produced a fairly to lassoo me, some day I'll throw a been seen one cold, winter day wearing, good imitation of a knock in the engine. million volts into yuh an' in the place in addition to his best duds, a pair of For a little while this passed without yuh wake up in there won't be any water pearl-grey ankle protectors. The gang notice, and then, there was a murmuring within a thousand miles, yuh big hunka' chortled with unholy glee as Spats vainly of voices from the driver's seat, which cheese." Coming down, Slim inserted struggled to free himself. Punk McGin­ was separated from the body of the the wedge end of a digging bar into the nis was so engrossed in watching the truck by a partition with a window in saw cut so that Shorty and Punk could proceedings that Slim, quite unper­ it, following which the truck gradually finish cutting off the old pole which he ceived, was able to insert the end of slowed down and came to a stand still then pried off of its stump, and while the big, water hose inside the bib of on the side of the road. Jumping out they got out the big jack and chain from Punk's voluminious, blue jeans. A Percy made his way to the engine, raised the truck, with bar and shovel, he cleared watchful accomplice promptly turned the cover and made a hurried check­ the dirt away from the stump. Placing the full force of the water on and, as over but found nothing wrong. Re­ the jack in position Shorty dropped the the cold flood deluged Punk, he gave placing the cover he was making his way noose of the chain around the stump a startled yell and made a frantic rush back to his seat when he saw Slim's grin­ and adjusted the other end of the chain at his tormentors which failed to con­ ning face peering out at him and shaking in the jack while Punk placed a bar in it nect. Dan, the foreman, coming down the offending pliers in his outstretched ready for pulling. "All hands to the the steps from the office, was just in hand. With a portentous wink at Slim, pump," said Dan. "We're sinkin' fast." time to see the fun. "Hi Punk," he to warn that gentlemen that his duplicity His five doughty henchmen seized the yelled. "What are yuh tryin' to do, was understood, Percy climbed back in bar and with a slow, pump-handled mo­ give us an all wet, Russian ballet dance?" his seat. "Get 'er fixed?" queried Dan. tion on the powerful jack, started the Punk's retort was drowned out by the "Yeah," said Percy as they started off. stump on its way out of its tenacious hoarse roar of the 8 o'clock brewery "I found out what caused it an' it'll be bed. It took three adjustments of the whistle, which blatantly announced to o. k. now." chain and jack before the pole dentistry the world at large, that the manufacture Good Union Workmen was completed and the stump disposed of the workingman's champagne was of. "Clean out the hole, Punk," said Dan, being proceeded witI}. Sharp on time Reaching their destination without "an' don't fall into it or we'll set the pole the big, tall-towered, trolley truck, with further trouble the gang piled out. Dan on top of yuh to save funeral expenses, Chief Big Smoke at the wheel, and was a natural-born foreman, who, from but we'll put a notice on it so that yer Spats and his side wheeler huddling working in many places on both phone relatives 'ull know where to come to do amicably by his side, backed slowly out, and light, had gained a practical experi­ their rejoicing." "Yes," said Shorty, and then moved majestically away like ence on any kind of line work. Being "an' on that notice we'll write: June, 1995 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 247

" 'Under this pole squats "Punk" Mc­ Ginnis We might lie well for him if the truth wasn't in us' " "I'd have a better momument than the rest of yuh at that, I'll bet none 0 ' the granite people ull ever hearn tell 0' yuh," retorted Punk. With the hand line on the hook Shorty and Slim pulled the lower block down until it reached the center of the new pole, and hooked it into the sling placed there by Bill. In the meantime Percy had hooked a snatch block in a sling around the foot of the old pole. Placing the bight of the block, fall line in the snatch block he carried the remainder of the coil over to the truck and with a jam knot and a half hitch fastened it on the iron, towing hook. "Let's go," said Dan, as Percy got into his seat and started the engine going and slowly back away. As the truck receded the heavy block rope tightened up with a twang, and the new pole slid along the ground to the base of the old pole, and then, as the top began to rise, Bill slipped the noose of a handline over it and guided it between the wires overhead while the others with peavies shifted the butt to the hole. As the blocks creaked, as if in protest at the heavy strain, brought it to perpendicular, Dan sig­ nalled Percy to stop, and then, at a reverse signal, the truck backed t oward them causing the blocks to slacken and the pole to slip gently into the hole. Tbe Lineman's .Job I s Pictur e~q u e and He Has Had Many Tributes to His Prowess in Verse and History, But He No Doubt 'Vould Prefer More Substantial Rewards in Prestige in the Com­ Pole Setting I" Ah Art munity and Better Pay.

"All off," said Dan and the gang went tion, lashed the two poles together. As Dan called out 12 o'clock Sid and into action. The blocks were let off Percy pulled up a new cross arm which Baldy joined the gang. Dinner buckets the new pole, pulled together, and low­ Punk bolted in the top gain and then, were got out and their owners, lounging ered with a handline from the top of getting the sign from Percy that it was around in various positions, devoured the the old pole by "Slim" and coiled up by o. k. for line, drove in the heel bolt contents of the said buckets with a speed Percy. With Dan sighting for line and which held the cross arm braces. As that would have shocked any dietitian "Slim" taking the road sight, with peavies the top arm wires were all primaries and would have ruined any creature and pikes, the pole was straightened carryin' 4200 volts Slim and Shorty but a lineman or a goat. Shorty was the. into correct position. Following Dan's donned their rubber gloves and leather first one to finish. Jumping to his feet order of three swift tampers and a lazy pullovers and did the transferring while and stretching himself to his full height shovel the dirt was shovelled into the Punk and Bill stood on guard. As soon of five foot four, he bawled out, "Goin' hole around the pole and thoroughly as the hot wires were finished with, t'eat all day? Come on yuh gluttons an' tamped. " I wonder where we'll be by Shorty and Slim, with a sigh of relief, start the game an' I'll show yuh where the time this pole rots off," said Dan. drew their hands, streaming with sweat, . yuh get off at." Lunch finished, buckets "Probably laid out with the new gas from the hot rubber gloves, and pulled on were stowed away, horse shoes selected, they'll be usin' in the next war," said their cool leather gloves used for ordi­ distan<;e stepped and stakes driven. Punk. "If Punk ever gets a sniff 0' nary work. The remaining arm, carrying Shorty and Punk at opposite ends were that gas I'll bet he'll swell up like a only secondaries, was soon disposed of paired against Dan and Percy while the balloon and burst," said Shorty. "It and the old pole stripped of its cross­ rest of the gang stood on the side lines would take a lotta gas to make 'Shorty' arms. and enlivened the game with their caus­ swell up to a man size," retorted Punk. tic criticisms. Shorty had a most un­ "Aw," said Bill. "Shorty ull never get Down to the Good Safe Earth orthodox way of holding his horse shoe gassed, he'd talk 'em right out of it. when pitching. He would grasp it firmly He's the best argyfier I ever heard. He's Shorty, Bill and Punk descended to around the toe cork and send it hurtling always sure he's right when he knows terra firma, untied the two side guys through the air with great force. If it he's wrong. I'll bet St. Peter ud have on the old pole and swung them into line hit the stake it most generally turned an awful time keepin' him outside the and used them to pull the old pole down out to be a ringer, but if it missed it pearly gates if Shorty got to arguin' with a crash ¥ "Slim" untied the sling would go trundling away to a great dis­ with him." and set it free. "Load everything on tance and come to rest in the most un­ "Sposin' I did get in," said "Shorty," the truck an' we'll move along to an­ desirable places much to Punk's disgust. "I'd be awful lonesome widout any 0 ' you other weak sister farther down the line," Nearing one o'clock each side had won fellers to chew the rag with. I don't said Dan. The next job was a repetition a game and the score in the deciding imagine from the scandalous lives yuh of the first. It was not surprising that, game stood twenty all. Dan stepped up live, yuh would be eligible fer any under the fair working conditions of a to the stake and made his bid for fame future life insurance any way." closed shop agreement, the fine weather, and fortune. His nearest shoe was quite While Punk and Slim went up the new and the friendly spirit which prevailed close to the stake. Punk took his place. pole Shorty and Bill made their way up in the gang that the noon hour arrived "Beat that, Punk," yelled Shorty, "or the old one and, as a matter of precau- almost before they were aWare of it. (Continued on page 270) 248 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1995 Labor Attacks Fascism on T·hree Fronts

HE executive council of the Ameri­ engravers. Its supporting committee can Fe~eration of Labor has passed American workers wage unend­ lists the names of officers of a dozen in­ T a vigorous resolution denouncing the ternational unions. unwarranted death of Fritz Hauseman, ing struggle against autocracy In president of the German Miners' Union, industry and in government. Statistical Picture Presented who was shot to death by German pris­ The speech by Mr. Citrine from which on authorities. The resolution states we have quoted, a graphic account of "the shooting of Fritz Hauseman en the destruction of labor organization and route to a concentration camp has all movement at that period as a con'sequence the persecution of trade unionists in the the earmarks of a cold-blooded murder of that fire. They had no chance of Fascist countries of Europe by a man and is but accumulative evidence of the stating their case. The newspapers were who was many times an eye witness of tragic, despicable and unspeakable deeds suspended; the police were put upon the the scenes he describes, is one publica­ and events taking place under Fas­ platform of every private meeting. The tion which has been printed and is being cism." reports of their meetings were sup­ distributed by this group. "Labor Under Thousands of pamphlets sent out by pressed, they were not allowed to send Hitler" is another recent publication, in the American Federation of Labor, the out to their own press their leaflets and which is shown the statistical picture, research department of the Chest for their posters, and, as you know, the gov­ obtained with difficulty and danger from Liberation of Workers in Europe, and ernment completely monopolized the radio under-cover agents and checked against by individual unions, are being circu­ until it was impossible in any public way obviously falsified official accounts--of lated among trade unions of America, for the German trade union movement the employment, wages, and cost of liv­ to get its message over to its people." pointing out clearly and fundamentally ing of the German worker. ~lr. Green, the difference between democracy and Many people still believe that Fascism in his foreword to this pamphlet, declares Fascism in industry. could not obtain control in the United that the boycott placed against German In February, 1933, while Nazi brown­ States. They think that our form of goods by the American Federation con­ shirts carried on their campaign for the government alone is sufficient guard vention in 1933 and reaffirmed in 1934, election of Hitler, the feeling of tension against dictatorship, that so-called ma­ has been fully justified by subsequent was so great in the organized labor jority rule nullifies the possibility of events in Germany and Austria. Not movement of all Europe that a special seizure of power by one man or one hostility to the German people, but meeting of the executive committee of small' group. rather a protest against the annihila­ the International Federation of Trades It is with the idea of disproving this tion of German trade unions, the perse­ Unions was called in Berlin. Here Wal­ and other dangerously erroneous beliefs cution of working people and of Jews, ter M. Citrine, general secretary of the that a group composed of American is the intention of this boycott. British Trade Union Congress and presi­ trade union leaders, working in co-oper­ "The hope of an oppressed people lies dent of the International Federation, ation with European unionists, has un­ in the development of an aroused, keen, said to the German delegates: dertaken a campaign of education to sensitive, international conscience," Mr. "The German trade union movement show Fascism in its true light; how it Green states. "When public opinion of represents one of the most powerful rises through a popular movement that mankind is aroused in opposition to in­ movements in the international trades is later betrayed; what its "co-ordina­ tolerance and injustice, the victims of union movement, and I implore you, as tion" does to people, particularly wage­ misrule become encouraged to fight for representative and responsible men, to earners; and why Fascist control is al­ the enjoyment of their individual rights, tell us in what way we can help, what ways and necessarily accompanied by the and the recognition of the broad prin­ we can do. Is there any direction what­ destruction of the free trade union move­ ciples of human brotherhood." ever in which we can give you backing ment. An excellent inquiry into the workings and support in this crucial period?" Known as The Chest for Liberation of of Fascism in both Italy and Germany (Mr. Citrine's story is told in the Workers of Europe, this group is headed -has been published by the International A. F. of L. pamphlet, entitled "Labor, by William Green; includes among its Ladies Garment Workers' l:nion as an Democracy and Fascism.") officers David Dubinsky, president of the outline for teachers-"Fascist Words Despite the existence of six and a International Ladies' Garment Workers' and Fascist Deeds"-in which it is quarter million unemployed, the German Union, Joseph N. Weber of the musi­ bluntly stated that if members of the labor organizations felt that they were cians, and Matthew Woll of the photo- (Continued on page :?Sf'l ready and able to put up the maximum possible resistance to the encroachment of Fascism and they believed their re­ sistance would be effective.

Reichstag Fire Reviewed

"Then you know what happened," said Mr. Citrine, addressing the Ameri­ can Federation of Labor convention last October. "On the 28th day of February there came the Reichstag fire and there was a wave of feeling throughout Ger­ many against the alleged Communist and Socialist incendiaries. That fire, as sub­ sequent events have shown, was in all probability started by the Nazis them­ selves in order to give them the time­ worn pretext that so many forces have adopted in this world-I think you call it a frame-up-to give them the oppor­ tunity of arresting and imprisoning their SCIS opponents. None the less, there was a Heading of a Fortnightly News Bulletin Published by tbe International Transport Federation, wave of feeling hostile to the trade union European Labor Organization, Giving InSide Reports of FaScist Activities. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 249 Work Reli ef Begins to Show Outlines

HIS stor y is being written a good Bureau of Customs, clerical help for deal in advance of the time when Every section of the population preservation of records. Tit will be read by our interested Bureau of Internal Revenue, clerical readers. Even so it may well be that is speculating as to how, when, help in connection with increasing tax what we have to say about the ways and and in what guise the four billion collections. means of spending the four billion dol­ dollars will be spent. Bureau of Engraving and Printin g, lars appropriated by Congress f or work printing checks for paying works pro­ relief may be as fresh and new on June gram employees. 15 as it was on May 15. At any rate Bureau of Public Health 'Service, su­ this country has learned that it takes Commer c e D e p a rtment pervision of certain projects dealing with time to spend money. Individual ex­ public health. perience is different. A man can go out Bureau of Air Commerce, airport The Coast Guard, coast guard sta­ and run through a week's wages in a projects. tions and cutters. few hours but when the billions pile up Bureau of the Census, projects similar Procurement Division, supervision of in the government treasury, it takes a to those usually performed by the Bu­ purchasing; construction of public fed­ long time to find intelligent ways to reau of the Census. eral buildings. put these billions at work so that mil­ Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com­ Bureau of the Budget, supervision of lions of humans can live. merce, projects relating to business administrative personnel and expendi­ Two sources of utilization of the surveys. tures. Bureau of Fisheries, projects relating money appeal' to be certain: th e erection War D e p a rtlnent of more eee camps to house an addi­ to development of fish culture. tional 300,000 men because CCC is to Bureau of Lighthouses, projects per­ Office of the Quartermaster General, be doubled in enrollment; an d, r ural taining to lighthouse establishments. supervision of projects relating to new electrification seems to be a certainty. Labor Department buildings, reconstru ction of buildings and When you have said this you have ac­ other improvements in military reserva­ counted for only about $130,000,000. Bureau of Labor Statistics, statistical tions, posts, forts, camps, cemeteries or It appears that the President has worked projects relating to labor, employment fortified areas. out a plan of spending about as follows: and prices. Office of the Chief Engineers, projects United States Employment Service, relating to rivers and harbors, flood con­ Highways and grade-crossing assistance in placing employees under trol and other nonmilitary operations elimination ...... $800,000,000 the works program. now under the supervision of the chief Rural r ehabilitation, including of engineers. irriga t ion a nd reclamation . 500000,000 Compensat ion Commissio n Rural elec t rification ...... 100,000,000 Housing ...... 500,000,000 Payment of compensation claims to Justice Departlnent Assistance oi professiona l and injured employees under program. clerical per so ns 300,000,000 Supervision of projects relating to Civilia n Conservation Corps . 600,000,000 Tre a s ury D e part m e n t federal prisons and to studies of parole Loan t o Hates for work and recidivism. project s ...... _...... 900,000,000 Commissioner of accounts and de­ Soil-erosion control and re- posits, clerical help in handling program Nav y Departlnent forestation ...... _._...... 350,000,000 disbursements. Office of the Treasurer of the United Projects for new buildings, recon­ The duties in connection with the huge States, preparation of checks for paying struction of buildings and other im- expenditures have been divided among all employees. the departments of the government (Continued on page 269) about as f ollows :

Agriculture D epartment

Soil Erosio n Service. Office of Experiment Stations, projects for buildings and grounds of agricultural experiment stations. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, clerical help in connection with agricul­ tural research. Bureau of Animal Industry, projects relating to prev-:ntion of animal diseases. Bureau of Biological Survey, wild life reservations and predatory animal and rodent control. Bureau of Dairy Industry, projects relating to buildings and grounds of dairy research laboratories.· Bureau of Entomology and P lant Quarantine, projects for the contI'ol of insects and plant diseases. Forest Service, projects relating to the development of the national forests. Bureau of Plant Industry, projects relating to experimental work an d build­ ings and grounds. Bureau of Public Roads, highway 1I10re Dams and l\Iore Water Power Developments Are to Go Forward Under the Work R elle! projects. Projects of the Government. 250 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935

be willing to work if jobs were available. This goes too for JOURNAL OF women workers who because their husbands are unemployed, though these wives never had worked, would be willing to ELECTRICAL WORKERS work if jobs were available. Official Publication International BroIbertiood of flectrical Workers If one looks back over the previous census, he will find that in 1910, 79 per cent of the boys 13 years old worked; Devoted of that in 1920, 65 per cent of the boys 13 years of age worked; that in 1930 only 40 per cent of the boys 13 years old worked. to the Organized

Cause Labor 'Ve may conclude that there is a psychological factor at work in a depression not at work in normal times. This psychological factor tends to drive young people and women Volume XXXIV Washington, D. C., June, 1935 No. G into jobs if they can get them, and tends to make older people hold on to their jobs tenaciously if they can. If one takes into 30,000,000 How many unemployed persons are there account this psychological factor, he will find that the estimates Unemployed? in the United States? This is an im- of new population becoming eligible for jobs have been held portant question because the policies of too low, or completely ignored in all present totals of the the entire nation now and in the near future depend upon its present unemployed. correct answer. Business men are beginning to assert that the NRA and other New Deal measures are not necessary, The Electrical Workers Journal is informed that certain simply because "prosperity is just around the corner." They statisticians in the government who are forced to take a have leveled their unintelligent attacks upon government poli­ realistic view of the situation have corrected these figures and cies during the last six months from a slippery springboard, have got totals that look something like this for the unem­ namely, the assumption that the depression is over. ployed: 1929 ______2,000,000 1932 21,500,000 The answer to the question how many are unemployed de­ 1930 ______5,000,000 1933 30,000,000 pends of course on one's definition of an unemployed person. 1931 ______11,000,000 1934 32,000,000 Generally speaking, the standard which has been accepted for unemployment has been this: an unemployed person is a dis­ It has been estimated that when a count is taken of persons employed person, namely, one who was once attached to in­ who die or are disabled, who withdraw for one reason or an­ dustry and is now idle. This is ignoring a great segment of other from industry, that when a count is taken of accretion the population as we shall see. • by emigration, and other causes, about 44,000 new workers, eligible for jobs, become available each month. It is this Again most estimates of unemployment go back to the 1930 accretion that has been neglected in the total estimates here­ census. Let us consider for a moment the standards used for tofore. measuring the unemployed when the 1930 census was taken. Class A.-Persons out of a job, able to work, and looking We are not writing this analysis in order to sound an ~larm for a job. but we are making it to give pause to those Tories who main­ Class B.-Persons having jobs but on lay-off without pay, tain that the depression is over, that the New Deal should end, excluding those sick or voluntarily idle. and that private business should be given carte blanche to go Class C.-Persons out of a job and unable to work. forward again to an orgy of speculation to bring disaster on Class D.-Persons having jobs but idle on account of sick­ this country. ness or disability. Class E.-Persons out of a job and not looking for work. Class F.-Persons having jobs but voluntarily idle, with­ Reform, Continuously during the last two years be­ out pay. and Recovery fore the National Recovery Administra- Class G.-Persons having jobs and drawing pay, though tion, business men have moved with vigor, not at work (on vacation, etc.). declaring that recovery and not reform should be the aim of the government. "This is not a great sociological experiment," It is apparent that Class A refers to persons once having these businc:ss men said, "but a practical instrument for getting jobs and that this standard runs all through these classifica­ business under way." To .these business men ·we now recom­ tions. It is apparent that. anyone who had never once been mend a report made by Stacy B. Lloyd, president of the Phila­ employed would have difficulty in answering correctly that he delphia Savings Fund Association. Mr. Lloyd told the N a­ was now unemployed under these classifications. tional Association of 11utual Savings Banks recently that "there was an unprecedented accumulation of money today The fact is this standard ignores thousands, even millions of seeking investment." Since this money is impounded in the young people who are each month and each year coming of banks there is not money enough to do business with and the work age-the thousands who never have had work but would government is tempted to issue new money with which to do June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 251 business, but this banker declared "the new currency would Dated We have heard a good deal about dated coffee and find its way back to the banks and redouble the pressure of dated shirts, but we haven't heard enough about funds seeking investment." In other words, as long as we dated politics and dated economics. The fact is few have an economic system so devised that the flow of money of us have the right pictures in our heads about what is can be interrupted by profit taking and by unsocial savings no going forward in these United States and just how the economic superficial remedies applied to the system can do any good. system works. It is for this reason that we have reveiwed It is not recovery, therefore, that is needed, but reform. Gardiner l\Ieans' pamphlet "Industrial Prices and Their Rela­ tive Inflexibility" which can be had from the V. S. Govern­ ment Printing Office for five cents. This pamphlet should Confessions of ~ow comes Professor ::\Iatthew T. help business men, labor leaders, and other citizens get the a Fascist ::\Iellon, of the University of Freiburg, right picture about our economic and industrial system. with violent approval of the Nazi regime Nightly we offer up prayers that classical economists-those in Germany. Professor :Mellon is a grandnephew of Andrew who talk learnedly about immutable laws of economics­ W. Mellon, the Pittsburgh billionaire and the "greatest Sec­ should also read this pamphlet and that they will be jarred retary of the U. S. Treasury since Alexander Hamilton." loose from some of their preconceived opinions. This pamphlet Professor ::\Iellon explains that the ~ azi coup was achieved is an outstanding contribution to economic literature made in his hometown of Freiburg IlY a band of storm troopers by any government department during the last two years, and who hoisted the swastika flag while a few yokels stood about we highly recommend it. and gasped. "It marked the end of a dangerous democratic regime." We doubt whether the true inwardness of Fascism of the Hitler variety has been better explained than in these Noble In ::\1arch, in commenting upon the partisan decision few brief words. The American plutocrat rejoices when the Jurist of 72-year-old Judge W. Irvin Grubb of the Xorth- ~ azi strong-armers defeat the humble citizens of Freiburg ern Alabama District, who ruled it is unconstitu­ whom he describes as "yokels." A dangerous democratic tional for the Tennessee Valley Authority to sell power, we regime is ended. Then Professor Mellon added, "Personally pointed out that judges are only human beings with emotions I rejoice when I hear that Germany has again re-armed." and political affiliations like other American citizens. Here is the great trinity of Fascism-force, autocracy and war. We might as well have borne down more sternly on the fact that judges are also men with economic alliances. This we failed to do, out of the respect, we suppose, which every Ameri­ Why Moley From the vantage point of his assoCIatIOn. can citizen learns to confer upon the court. N ow comes a dis­ Is Wrong with big business men Raymond Moley lec­ patch from Birmingham which states that Judge Grubb is the tures from an Olympian height the American owner of 100 shares of stock in the little Cahaba Coal Com­ Federation of Labor in his May 11 issue of TODAY. The pany. It also develops that the little Cahaba Coal Company article is the leading article entitled "Labor's Choice" and contributed to the general fund raised by coal companies to fight the long detailed declaration amounts to a veiled attack upon the Tennessee Valley Authority in the courts. Judge Grubb's the Wagner Labor Disputes Act. Mr. Moley feels that labor stock is valued at between five and seven thousand dollars. is going to depend too much on government: "If at this Why do not Americans ,,,"ork to change the system that permits moment a Harding or a Coolidge Administration should come judges to declare unconstitutional laws made by the repre­ into power, the American Federation of Labor would have sentatives of the majority of the citizens and approved by the trouble saving itself from utter ruin." And again, "The majority of the citiuns? Wagner Bill in its present form seems like a further means of binding the labor movement to politics and government." We recommend to ::VIr. :Moley the reading of Gardiner Means' pamphlet entitled "Industrial Prices and their Rela­ Use of Chain A correspondent to the New Republic tive Inflexibility," reviewed elsewhere in this issue. Mr. lVIoley Letters, Eh! reports: "Here is something I believe you is operating under the spell of the old economics. Like other would like to know. The utilities are business men he believes that prices are made in the open resorting to high-pressure tactics to defeat the proposed market by the law of supply and demand. He thinks the Wheeler-Rayburn bill. This is the way one of the companies United States is living in 1890. Gardiner Means has shown in a city near here has piled up mass pressure: in his pamphlet that prices are made by administered rulings. "Each employee has to get 25 people to write three letters He shows also that business men are unfit to make prices be­ each, according to the sample supplied by the company. These cause they can see only the small segment of their own business letters must be written in longhand, not typed. The company and they constantly work against the good of the whole nation. supplies the paper, the envelope and the stamps. Each em­ :Mr. Means points out, therefore, that government must step ployee must bring in his quota of 75 letters to the plant, where in, and if government steps in, it should have the aid of labor they are looked over, sealed, stamped and mailed. ~o employee and the consumer. It is for this reason that the American is exempt from this service-the only alternative is to be fired. Federation of Labor is in the picture in Washington, and not It is easy to imagine how many people wrote letters with only for the reasons given by }Ir. ::\'Ioley in his highly colored that idea in mind: If I don't write a letter for this fellow he article. is liable to lose his job." 2!12 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1985 WOMAN'S WORK

CAN ORGANIZED LABOR PROTECT PUBLIC SCHOOLS?

HY _\ \YORIO':R'S WH·t:

XE of the most unfortunate deyel­ tion, most of our public education is curricula, elimination of kindergartens, O opment;: during depression years doomed." dispensing with janitorial service, and ha~ been the forcing down of This is a problem that concerns not a proposal that tuition should be charged standards of free education. Public only parents, but all who are interested in public high schools to reduce tax costs! schools have been the object of a veiled, in the progress and well-being of this country. Organized labor ever since The bullying attacks upon teachers as bitter attack by organized groups of colonial days, has done its part and more individuals and as a class have been car­ wealthy taxpayers. Oh, yes, there are than its part to establish the public ried to 'shameful lengths. Teaching jobs people like that who don't want your educational system. In many a munici­ in many places are regarded as political children to get an education-"what pal election labor has campaigned more plums, to be distributed through "pull." good is Shakespeare to boys who'll carry earnestly for its school board candi­ In some districts the scrutiny of the per­ a dinner bucket?" And they have al­ dates than for any. others on the ticket. sonal life of teachers is so strict that ways objected to tax money being used Now we must swing into a still stronger they don't dare live like human beings. to build up better schools, teach subjects effort. Do you know that now, when Even in the city of Washington teachers out of the regular curriculum, put audi­ national and local governments are pour­ have been subjected to humiliating in­ toriums and gymnasiums in the schools, ing out money for all sorts of expendi­ quiries about their personal lives, and or provide the public schools with any tures, that the money for school budgets their opinions on social, economic and of the advantages which (we suspect) has been cut from 20 to 100 per cent? political questions just cannot be voiced they believe should be specially reserved Ringleading in the- movement to de­ aloud. for the pl'i\-ate schools where their own stroy the schools is the reactionary We find the Atlanta Journal of Labor children go. United States Chamber of Commerce. taking up the fight in an editorial titled And we have seen schools closed in In 1931 this organization notified its "Hands Off the Schools," voicing a stren­ some places for lack of funds; other membership that it was instituting a uous objection against discrimination cities where devoted teachers kept on program of retrenchment for public toward the married woman teacher, and working for months unable to draw pay; education in the United States "in the it is pointed out that it is the married and here a month or two would be lopped interest of economy." Listed in the WOMAN and not MAN teacher who is off the school year, and there kinder­ items of retrenchment were reductions barred. gartens discontinued-and everywhere in teachers' salaries, cutting down of It is the labor papers and the labor a crowding of classes, a straining of fa­ organizations that are really backing cilities to the limit, an overburdening of fair conditions for the teachers and for teachers that has resulted in a less ade­ the children in the schools. We have quate education for the children in the The Auxiliary Rally another editorial here from the Minne­ public schools. apolis Labor Review in a campaign to So gra\'e has the situation become that We're happy indeed at the big elect two Farmer-Labor candidates to response to our request for an W. B. Satterthwaite, writing in th'! auxiliary rally with letters to the the board of education, charging that American Teacher, expresses fears that Jom'nal in June. In spite of the the present board "in the past three free education is doomed in some sec­ short time intervening between the years has been under the domination of tions unless state and national responsi­ timc the May Journal was delivered the same group locally who are taking bility can be roused. He declares that and the "deadline" for letters many orders from the National Chamber of the attack of organized wealthy groups of our old friends energetically Commerce_ * * * If it had not been has been so far successful that there are showed us that their auxiliaries for the courageous fight to save the today thousands of school districts which wel'e still vel'y much alive and schools which the local teachers' unions are unable to maintain schools at all. progressing. put up in November, 1933, Minneapolis Thanks to Mrs. Sessler, of Min­ "The children in these districts are neapolis, for her kind words and schools would have been damaged be­ getting some measure of education pa,rticulal'ly for the suggestion to yond repair in their educational effec­ through public charity, that is, federal make every month a "1'ally month," tiveness." relief which is temporary in nature. with more auxiliary letters. Obser­ You do not find this kind of a state­ When this relief is withdrawn, and the 'lJation shows very clearly that yow' ment in your big daily newspaper for public enemies who have made it neces­ letters to the Journal do interest most of them are taking the attitude sary for the children of America to re­ and encourage women in other cities that everything is lovely so long as the ceive their schooling through this tem­ to begin auxilial'y organization and wealthy man gets what he wants, and to continue it with more enthusiasm porary device are doing all in their when they learn of what othel's are his organizations are powerful enough power to ha\'e it withdrawn, millions of accomplishing. There are some and so closely allied with the big news­ children will be without schools. fine records of accomplishment in paper publishers that these twisters of "The power of local school districts to the letters published here this public opinion always take his side. tax themselves sufficiently to maintain month, and more than that, the Mr. Satterthwaite, in his article in adequate schools is gone permanently. spirit of intelligent helpfulness the American Teacher, pays full tribute Lower tax rates on real estate and ex­ characteristic of the modern wo­ to organized labor. emptions to home owners and farmers '!nan, that promises so much for the "Public schools have been built future, have come to stay, and properly. But through the efforts of organization. "Every Month a Rally Month" if the enemies of public education suc­ Is a good motto, Foremost among the organizations fav­ ceed in preventing the adoption of state oring the establishment of universal free and national responsibility for educa- (Continu!'<1 on I,age !W3) June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 253

WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 83, will help to stimulate interest in auxiliary LOS ANGELES, CALIF. work deeply concerns us. Women's Auxiliary Editor: Local No. 83 Auxiliary was organized in We are happy to take part in an auxiliary 1923. (Not having the records present, I rally through our JOURNAL. Anything that (Continued on page 266) WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 68, D ENVER, COLO. Editor : Greetings to the Editor of Woman's Work and to the various I. B. E . W. auxiliaries; we women of 68 were so interested in making our auxiliary a success we forgot to write. Our organization was formed not alone for social activities but with very definite ob­ jectives, n amely, the study of trades union­ ism, political economy, and civic betterment. During our first year we have doubled our membership, and, although hampered b y many of our men folks' being unemployed, we finished our first year with flying colors and money in the treasury. Our organization af­ filiated with the Joint Council of Women 's Auxiliaries of Denver, sending three dele­ gates to the body, Bertha Wood, June E arly and Eloise wanstrom. Mrs. Early has been turning in splendid r e­ ports of the joint council meetings to our 01'­ r,anization, thereby enabling our members to patronize union houses, and in general to be­ co me better acquainted with union activities. Bertha Wood was appointed as a delegate from the joint co uncil to the educational com­ mittees of unions and au '{ iliaries ; she w as Cou.rtesy U. S. Bu.reau of /Iume EconomiCS. also appointed on a sub committee to work in conjunction with the education committee Luscious! of the State Federation of Labor to plan the institute held in connection with the State By SALLY L U:\,:\, Federation of Labor convention, June 2 to Is there anything that expresses with a fork until a soft dough is June 6. summer's beginning more sweetly formed. Knead very lightly. Pat Margaret Bauer has taken a prominent than a grand dish of strawberry with the palm of the hand into a part in the "Buy Colorado-Made Goods" cam­ paign. shortcake? With the fluffy white sheet about one-half inch thick. Or Many of our other women h 9ve been in­ cream and the fragrant scarlet make into two thinner roun ds of the terested in adult education and club work. berries and the cake just fresh from same size, baked one above the so all in all we feel we have had a very suc­ the oven crumbling under your other, after buttering the lower so cessful year. and one reason for our success fork? If you are not entirely satis­ they will slip apart. Or make indi­ is the splendid co-op2ration among the women fied with your present method of vidual rounds of biscuit with a large of the auxiliary. making strawberry shortcake try cutter and split them when baked. We meet the second and fourth Thursday of these recipes for they are from the Bake in a moderately hot oven each month at the home of some member who volunteer s to be hostess for that evening. Bureau of Home Economics and are (400° F.) for 12 to 15 minutes. We have an ironclad rule that only one article guaranteed to help the farmers dis­ of food wi th drink may be served, and it i pose of the biggest strawberry crop Sponge Cake for Strawberry marvelous to ;ee what a banquet one article they can possibly raise, and whether Shortcake of food can be~om e under the skilled hands you are addicted to biscuit or 4 eggs of these women. spongecake you have a tested recipe. 1 CLIp sugar Here is a deep dark secr et- to be read by First wash and cap the berries. 3 tablespoon. CO if! water women only-one way to replenish the treas­ 1 CLIP s ifted soft-w !H~ at flour Save the most attractive ones to 1 teaspoon baking powder ury. On gala occasions we invite our hus­ decorate the top, and slice the others II, teaspoon salt bands, sweethearts and boy friends to our ~ teaspoon va nilla meetings, shut them in a room with a deck of and add sugar to sweeten. They 'h teaspoon lemon juice cards and a box of chips, and then let nature will develop flavor if allowed to take its course. There is an occas ional sub­ stand about an hour, while you are Separate the egg yolks from the dued murmu I' as they talk about some person making the cake part. Put the short­ whites and beat the yolks well. they call " K itty," but the results viewed from cake together just before serving. Gradually beat in the sugar, add the our treasury standpoint is very gratifying. water, and continue the beating Biscuit Dough Strawbe rry We held our election April 25, and elected until the mixture is very thick and Shortcake the following officers: Margaret Bauer, pres­ light. Sift the dry ingredients to­ ident; Orla White, vice president; Mrs. Red­ 2 cu ps sifted flour gether, and fold t hem into the egg mond, vice president; Eloise Swanstrom, 4 teas poons baking powder teas poon salt and sugar mixture_ Then fold in treasurer; )Iary Jussel, secretary. *1 tahlespoon s ligar We expect to continue our meetings during 4 tablespoons fat the stiffly beaten w hites of t he eggs, the summer, and we are planning picnics, * CLIp milk or enollgh to make n add the flavoring, and bake in two steak fries and card parties as far away as soft dougb layer cake pans in a very moderate next fall. Mix and sift the dry ingredients. oven (325° F.) for 20 to 25 min­ We have welcomed new babies with layettes, Cut in the shortening with a biscuit utes, or until a delicate brown. Put sent cards and flowers to the sick, and in cutter or rub in lightly with the the crushed berries between the short everyone of our members feel that life finger tips. Make a well in the flour layers, with a little of the cream, is finer and better, that they are richer in­ tellectually because of our organization. Vis­ and fat mixture and add the milk and decorate with whipped cream itors are welcome to our meetings, come 'Up gradually. Stir from the center and whole berries. and see us sometime. PRESS SECRETARY. 254 . - .The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935 CORRES PONDE NCE

L. U. NO.7, SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Well, well! We had a communication from John P. Frey, of the A. F. of L. He is the Editor: READ same man who gyped us in Montana last I think it is about time to write another summer. The A. F. of L. is becoming very letter. Business here is just about the same A real workers' summer school as everywhere else. We are still waiting for much interested in our affairs now. He may recommended, by L. U. No. 292. be coming back to tell us how the strike vote it to pick up but to all appearances it is just Getting ready to advance, by L. U. was counted last summer. the same as last year. No. 459. I see by "Labor" that President Tracy has One thing I do not like to read or hear Cost of distribution shoots sky­ gone to Geneva. We are still sending mis­ about is, for instance, Brother Whitehead's ward, by L. U. No. 526. sionaries to China and other intelligent coun­ article, from Butte, Mont. Now if his article tries to pollute their minds. Would be much is true, it is high time the I. O. got busy and Federal electrical workers drive for legislation, by L. U. No. 121. better to try to make conditions better in our either discharged the I. R. of that district, own domain. . Things are smooth in Loui,iana, who made the blunder, or else straightened I wonder if we will ever be able to elect by L. U. No. 329. - out the affair satisfactorily to all concerned. our I. O. representatives -by a vote of the Our WORKER is not only read by our members What is wrong with this picture? membership at large? Ponder over this and but read by libraries, offices, contractors and by L. U. No. 353. let us try to make an organization like we others. It isn't a very good boost for organ­ Strike negotiations in Illinois, by used to have. R. G. WHITEHEAD. ized labor if we permit our I. O. officers to L. U. No. 702. make such blunders and then ignore the in­ jured party. Of course, if the article is not Lighting up for night baseball, by L. U. NO. 121, WASHINGTON, D. C. true then the local union should be taken to L. U. No. 212. Federal Electrical Workers' Drive for task and if found guilty of misrepresentation And other lively letters showing Legislation should be punished severely. the electrical worker's scope Editor: Another article from Fort Wayne, Ind., in from coast to coast. Although the scale of wages for mechanics which the A. F. of L. is being ridden. This, engaged in the recognized trades has ad­ in my opinion, is the stepping stone to trouble vanced 40 per cent to 60 per cent during the and strife within the labor movement. Now, past 13 years, the pay increase of the govern­ if our I. O. officers are not up to snuff or earn­ ment mechanic in the custodial service for ing their salaries, for God's sake get rid of The employees of the Kansas City, Mo., Light and Power Co. have failed completely this same period has been approximately 6 them; otherwise give them our whole-hearted per cent to 9 per cent. The wage scale given support and put our own shoulders to the of taking the opportunity to join the Amer­ ican Federation of Labor, but are still hang­ them by the Civil Service Classification Act wheels to get them turning in the right direc­ of 1923 remained in force until 1928 when, by tion. You know, Brothers, we of the rank ing to the much talked of company union. It must be that they will lose their jobs by an Act of Congress an increase of about 6 and file can break our Brotherhood by knocks, per cent was granted. Another Act of Con­ slams, etc., with lies and false stories. But withdrawing. I can't for the life of me see what there is to be afraid of under the power gress in 1930 carried an additional increase we can also do wonders by each doing our own of about 3 per cent. little bit of pulling together. So, in the of Section 7-A in regards to workers organ­ izing, but all the efforts of Local No. 53 have Under provisions of Economy Acts, begin­ future let the I. O. do its little housecleaning ning in 1932, a 15 per cent cut in wages was (if there is any to be done), and let us all been of no avail. It is with much regret that I report the given to all federal employees. This reduced unite in a concerted movement for a bigger the pay of those coming under the custodial and better I. B. E. W. Now please do not death of Brothers Walter Holland and Wil­ liam Stader who have been recently called service below the scale set in 1923. misunderstand this letter. It is not written Owing largely to the agencies of organized to knock or find fault with anyone. I am just by our Maker; they were both very fine men and a great loss is felt by our members. labor, legislation was recently enacted by trying to do away with any propaganda which Congress restoring the 1930 wage scale to is liable to injure our Brotherhood. Here's wishing our International Officers much success in the days to come, for we all all federal workers. So, let us turn our thoughts to Memorial Your organization is now trying to help the Day and say a little prayer for those de­ realize the last few years have been trying ones, to them as well as to us, and that things mechanics, under the custodial service, ob­ parted Brothers and friends who gave their tain a fairer wage scale and improved work­ will soon straighten out to where our mem­ all for humanity. In closing, I wish every­ ing conditions, and through its various agen­ bers will be asked to go to work at their body good luck and happiness, health and cies and affiliations has succeeded in having vocation instead of them having to plead for prosperity. HERMAN G. HILSE, the Honorable Robert Ramspeck, of Georgia, ·From the "City of Homes." any kind of a job to maintain a livelihood. ·H. L. SCHONE. introduce the following bill in the U. S. Congress: L. U. NO. 53, KANSAS CITY, MO. L. U. NO. 65, BUTTE, MONT. 74TH CONGRESS Editor: Editor: 1ST SESSION It has been some time since Local 53 has Another month gone and we have not had H. R. 7878 availed itself of the chance to put in a few the visit from summer yet. No trees' out and In the House of Representatives words for the readers of THE WORKER, so be­ very cool. MAY 3,1935 fore I get demoted I had better get busy. The This month I have received quite a lot of MR. RAMSPECK introduced the following bilI, bonus seems to have been put on the shelf for mail from members in all sections of this old which was referred to the committee on the the time being, and, of course, there are a U. S. I am unable to answer them all per­ civil service and ordered to be printed. lot of disappointed soldiers. who were looking sonally. I appreciate your views on what I A Bill for the lift from Uncle Sam. Well, I don't have written. I confine myself to facts in blame them, for I am sure that we have in our jurisdiction. Minneapolis, I appreciate To amend the Classification Act of March 4. the electrical workers many who are also in your letter, but the old timers are quite for­ 1923, as amended. a very poor financial state by reason of the gotten in these days. We used to be organ­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of condition of employment that has existed for izers via the boxcar route. We were quite Representatives of the United States of several years. successful in the good old days. We have high America in Congress assembled, That the Things are still dormant as far as jobs pressure men but they never turn in any new Act entitled" An Act to provide for the classi­ are concerned in this vicinity, but our mem­ members. After the members get the condi­ fication of civilian positions within the Dis­ bers seem to be on the short end of whatever tions we can't get them to use their influence trict of Columbia and in the field services," work is going on in or near Kansas City, and to force the operators into our union. We approved March 4, 1923, as amended, be none of our men get anything on any of the have them now but not from the efforts of our amended by striking out in Section 5 thereof relief work, especially the outside men. district I. O. representative. the following: "Except such as are under

I'

L. U. NO. 212, CINCINNATI, OHIO Editor: Events have transpired in the past few weeks which cause one to wonder what our ultimate goal will be. lt seems men are elected who misrepresent their constituents. Others are appointed who deliberately go against the will of the people, having in mind the Railroad Pension Act, given the K. O. by the Supreme Court, and last but not least, is the NRA, which has furnished us with a modern topic of conver­ sation, been a boon to t he press for news and a bone of contention everywhere in the land. It is and it ain't, it does and it pon't, is heard on all sides of my own personal con­ tacts. I have seen it fail in many instances, as regards the members, and work 100 per cent as regards the employer. President of the A. F. of L. William Green is sorely disappointed with the court's de­ cision invalidating NRA. It seems to me tha t the best part of it was Section 7 -a, b ut to the best of my knowledge that section, much debated, has never been properly en­ forced. It is true that the wage provisions of NRA never were so hot, but Section 7-a prop­ erly enforced, would let the unions take care Mayor Geban (Right) of St. Paul Is Welcoming Dr. J . Rozier Biggs (Left), Medical Director ot of that. Union Cooperative Insurance Associntion. Dr. Bi~~s w~. thn Guest or C. J. McGlogan (Center ), Members of L. U. No. 212 just recently Vice P resident, I. B. E. W.

n June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 257

Do I ever wish I could attend the school my own. And why 1 At the 1925 convention Class B electrical workers. I hope the mem­ again this summer! yours truly wanted, or rather proposed, such bership, before it votes, will consider what BILL NESSLER, a thing in a resolution, with this difference, they are doing from every angle. Recording Secretary. that two scales of dues be paid. You will read In fairness to each and every member's in the minutes that the committee "non-con­ private opinion, I won't say anything about L. U. NO. 303, ST. CATHARINES, ONT. curred" and their reason was that the manner the merits or demerits of the idea. But if Editor: of collecting dues was standard and had to there is anything to establish our position Old readers ask for a lett er and say, "How be carried out that way. as workers, and highly skilled workers at come?" "Where are you 1" and so on. Well, However, some five years or so ago you that, so as to put in the proper place all it won't be a long letter for good reasons, will remember the E. C. and I. O. did in­ these hirelings who twist us, for your own and so will say that I have just read the let­ stitute a system of two scales which is in future welfare think right. But don't add ter from I. O. re the Class B unions and am force today. Another smile for me. Now, any more loopholes to the organization or smiling to myself. Unfol:tunately, nobody after years (10 of them) of sparring around, create a new battalion of highly paid organ­ in these parts can enjoy my smile; it's all it is seen to be necessary to organize this izers. As electrical workers, we should be

FRATERNITY OF THE AIR

(Copy right)

W9MEL

Boys, here is our growing list of 1. B. E. W. amateur radio stations : W8ANB Carl P. Goetz Hamilton, Ohio N8DME Charles J. Heiser Auburn, N. Y. W8DI E. E. Hertz Cleveland, Ohio W8KCL Charles J. Heiser Auburn, N. Y. W 3 JB William N. Wilson Philadelphia, Pa. W9RRX Bob J. Adair Midlothian, Ill. W 5 BHO D. H. Calk Houston, Texas W2DXK Irving Megeff Brooklyn, N. Y. W 5E I F. H. Ward Houston, Texas W9RBM Ernest O. Bertrand Kansas City, ~1 0 . W6HOB Rudy Rear Las Vegas, Nev. W9ENV G. G. Fordyce Waterloo, Iowa W9GVY E. O. Schuman Chicago, Ill. W9JPJ F. . Stephenson Waterloo, Iowa W8DHQ Harold C. Whitford Hornell, N. Y. W9 S Frank Smith Waterloo, Iowa W9SMF Albert H. Waters Alton, Ill. 160 meter W9DMZ Clarence Kraus Kansas City, Kans. phone, 1963 W9PNH Frank Riggs Rockford, Ill. KC H. E. Owen Angola, N. Y. W 9 S 0 0 Harry V. Eyring Kansas City, Mo. W5EYG L. M. Reed Oklahoma City, Okla. W2BFL Anthony J. Sam ali on is Elizabeth, N. J. W5EXY H. R. Fees Oklahoma City, Okla. W IFJ A Frank W. Lavery Somerville, Mass. W7DXZ Frank C. Pratt Tacoma, Wash. W5ASD Frank A. Finger Farmington, Ark. WIDGW Melvin 1. Hill W. Springfield, Mass. W2BQB William E. Kind Bronx, N. Y. C. W2 GIY John C. Muller Bronx, N. Y. C. W9DBY Kenneth G. Alley Marion, Ill. W9MEL Harold S. (Mel) Hart Chicago, Ill. W8GHX H. E. Owen Angola, N. Y. W5CAP William L. Canze San Antonio, Texas WIAGI W. C. Nielson Newport, R. 1. W5ABQ Gerald Morgan San Antonio, Texas W8EDR W. O. Beck Toledo, Ohio W5JC J. B. Rives San Antonio, Texas W2CAD Paul A. Ward Newark, N. J. W4DLW Harry Hill Savannah, Ga. W6LRS Ralph F. Koch Los Angeles. Calif. W9CCK John J. Noonan Chicago, Ill. W6AOR Francis M. Sarver Los Angeles, Calif. W8ACB Raymond J elinek Detroit, Mich. W6GFI Roy Meadows Los Angeles, Calif. W6IAH S. E. Hyde Los Angeles, Calif. W6FWM Victor B. Appel Los Angeles, Calif. N6IAH S. E. Hyde Los Angeles, Calif. W6HLK Charles A. Noyes Beverly Hills, Calif. W4BSQ S. L. Hicks Birmingham, Ala. W6HLX Frank A. Maher Los Angeles, Calif. W6MGN Thomas M. Catish Fresno, Calif.

C a nad a VE3GK Sid Burnett Toronto, Onto

FRATERNITY GROWS BY COMMUNICATION 258 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935 more prominent on the map. And I'm asking, The few points of co-operation we have why not before this date? put down here could be carried into a long THOS. W. DEALY. A Loud Editorial "No"! list, the machinery in the labor movement is all right, but is very much clogged up with L. U. NO. 329, SHREVEPORT, LA. We wish to utter a loud editorial internal troubles, caused by members not fol­ Editor: "No!" and to put a firm editorial lowing out working rules and by-laws. Well, Brothers, you haven't heard from thumb down on the habit of sin­ One must say a word for the co-operation Local Union No. 329 since you read the Jan­ cere and friendly correspondents which seems to exist in this locality. It seems as though everybody wants to climb uary issue of the JOURNAL. We really made to the Journal of sending in per­ the ladder of success by using everybody the headlines that time! We are a small fectly good contributions with pen local and we hardly ever get into the head­ else's Adam's apple as the first rung. The names or no names at all, or with­ lines, but we are alive. We are not all stem­ desire to get in on the ground floor of any­ winders in this local, but we have a number out addresses or local union num­ thing to the exclusion of everybody else of live wires and I mean the kind that shock. bers. We have no way of tracing seems more pronounced now than ever be­ It was through just such men as we have in these well-wishers to the Journal fore. The brewery workers offer a case in our local that the Louisiana State Associa­ and no way with which to com­ point: for some years we have had prohibi­ tion of Electrical Workers was organized municate with them. tion and the labor movement, including our recently and the Louisiana State Federation The Journal respects the re­ organization, both in Toronto and out, have supported the efforts' of the brewery workers of Labor did things in their convention. quests of contributors to remain The January issue of the JOURNAL had an to bring an end to prohibition and bring back anonymous or hide behind nom de article describing a strike we went through, prosperity for the brewery workers, whose because of a misunderstanding between our plumes when their real names and members were tremendously hard hit by pro­ local and the Southwestern Gas and Electric addresses accompany their manu­ hibition. Finally prohibition was repealed Company, brought about by the "legal light" scripts. and once again the brewery workers are get­ for the company, who convinced them that ting in good shape and their members enjoy­ the employees of the Louisiana division had ing the fruits of their labor. They have to no legal right to hold an election to select thank the labor movement, of which we are an agent in collective bargaining, unless Brother O. A. Walker, the able International a part, at least for the partial success of the whole of the company's employees in Representative, without whose counsel and their efforts, and we feel that we can also three states voted. This attorney made the leadership our efforts might not have been take a little credit. In the transition con­ assertion that he would sue for an injunc­ so successful, and whose devotion to our siderable work for the building trades was tion against the union, the U. S. National cause, in the face of his own illness and a occasioned by bringing their buildings into Labor Board, etc., and would block things wife in the hospital, never abated. proper shape to handle the trade and we had with other and sundry writs for a year or The undersigned was appointed to fill the hoped to get our share of this work. We did two. This put things in such a shape that unexpired term of the late lamented Press not, and we found that it was a case of the local saw nothing to do but to use its Secretary White. No, Brothers; not the everybody looking out for themselves, and economic strength, with the result detailed grim reaper. Just another electrical worker naturally we had to do the same. We found, in the January issue of the JOURNAL. who has become an employer. While I may among others, two brewery companies who \Ve went back to work under a temporary not be able to make as good a showing as a insisted in the use of non-union electrical agreement by the terms of which the matter journalist, I shall at least try to keep our workers to do their work and after spending of recognition of the union and the right local on the air. MILTON T. LYMAN. considerable time, without assistance, we of the employees of the Louisiana division found it necessary to advertise these two to bargain without being joined by the rest L. U. NO. 353, TORONTO, ONT. firms. Imagine our dismay when we found of the employees was submitted to the U. S. Editor: our advertisement mutilated beyond recogni­ Regional Labor Relations Board at New Among the rank and file of many labor tion and on investigation discovered that this Orleans, La., for settlement. organizations one often hears the question: act of vandalism was traceable to the repre­ In the latter part of February, 1935, the "What is wrong with this outfit, why don't sentative of the brewery workers. board ordered an election to determine the they do something about all this work that Another instance would be somewhat amus­ will of the 'majority of the employees of is going haywire?" Well, Brother, I would ing were it not also tragic. On the windows the Louisiana division of the company as to say that when every man realizes what is of one of the large brewing companies the who should represent them in collective wrong, we will no longer have that condi­ words-Union Made Beer-are painted and bargaining. The election indicated an over­ tion to worry us. the facsimile of the brewery workers union whelming majority in favor of L. U. No. 329 That much used, word "co-operation" could label and this we are informed, by a union as their agent. Thereupon the officials of cure most of our ills in short order, of course, painter, has been done by a non-union sign the company informed the business agent of the tough part of this cure, like most, is painter. This certainly is the height of co­ our local that they were ready to have an that it must start with you yourself. Let operation. By their acts 'ye shall know them. agreement presented to them. After several us start by asking ourselves a few questions The action of any labor union allowing non­ weeks of unavoidable delay in presenting and answering same truthfully. union men to reproduce their union label not the agreement and several weeks of confer­ 1. Are you a company man or a union only speaks for itself but actually shrieks. ences, "get-togethers," proposals and coun­ man? We really feel that we are justified in pre­ ter proposals, we at last arrived at a com­ In answering this question you must decide senting this information to all the members plete understanding, and have ironed out all as to whether you always put union inter­ of our Brotherhood and believe that it ought the differences between the company and ests ahead of company interests even at the to be passed on. F. AINSWORTH. our local. We have received a very sub­ cost of your job. stantial increase in pay and have a splendid 2. Do you play square with the office and set of working rules. The agreement went business manager? By this we mean do you L. U. NO. 409, WINNIPEG, MAN. into effect April 16, 1935, and remains in always report in all infringements, pressure Editor: force for a year. plays, and ,rackets which come to your at­ For the past four years we have heard Now, after five weeks under the agree­ tention, or do you close your eyes to some from every side something bearing on the ment, things are going mighty smoothly things, rather than take the responsibility "depression." Paragraphs contained on with the Southwestern, and both employees of having an investigation start which might every page allusions to "Old Man Depres­ and company officials are trying to keep affect your job? sion" or "During this depression" or "Owing things going that way. 3. Do you take the trouble to familiarize to the depression," etc., ad lib. Nowadays it I don't think this letter would be complete yourself with by-laws and working rules? is hardly ever mentioned, if at all. Is it be­ without some mention of the way our presi­ Do you attend meetings and take active in­ cause the depression is over or is it because dent and business agent, Brother P. J. Tran­ terest in discussions? we have gotten so used to it we don't notice tham, held everything on an even keel while 4. Would you, in working for an open shop, it any longer? all were growing impatient at the delay in demand that any mechanics or helpers used on If it has been a disaster it has also been coming to a settlement. I don't mean to say the same job with you be union men, or a great object lesson to us. It has made us he was the means of bolstering up the weak would you rather consider your job, and see more considerate of our less fortunate fel­ ones. What I am trying to get over is that the bulk of the work done by two or three lows. It has made us think. It has made when a number of the boys in the local, and non-union mechanics and half a dozen help­ us realize that in our weakened state if we especially the said "live wires," were clam­ ers, the job still being a union job by virtue had had no organization behind us we, too, oring for action, and for a chance to "make of your card? would be working on far lower wages, and business pick up," Brother Trantham and These questions will do to start a self longer hours, as is a certain unorganized others counseled with them and begged them analysis, and if you can mark yourself 100 bakery in this city. Skilled men were re­ to have patience a little while longer. And, per cent for your union on all you are on the ceiving 30 cents per hour, and unskilled 25 last but not least, a word of thanks to right road. cents for a 16-hour day. When these men June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical WorkeTs and OperatoTs 259 attempted to organize two of their number ings to get a good turnout, and good dis­ and then only, are the officers in a position were dismissed. ThirtY-eight went out in cussions, and after all it's your own place, to give the command to "advance." protest, and remained so for four days. To fellows, so come along and strut your stuff Just so it is with an organization of labor. date these men are back on their jobs, having and elect your officers for the ensuing two­ First, we organize a group or groups of men assurance that the dismissed employees would year term. and each one is given a card. But that does not be reinstated. Further than that there is R. J. GANT. mean that each one of them is a union man. no report at present. First, they must all be trained to be union­ The foregoing is an illustration of unor­ minded, to think and act in unison, learn to ganized labor, and it might easily have read L. U. NO. 459, JOHNSTOWN, PA. be able to accept disappointment like a man, "electrical workers" instead of "bread work­ Editor: learn to eliminate dissension from their ers" on the front page of the daily paper. In the many conversations I have had, and ranks, learn to be orderly, curb their hates These events make us stop and consider, the many contacts I have made with members and jealousies, forget their enmity, and learn and thank our stars we have an organiza­ and prospective members, I have found that to respect their officers whether they be tion that means something. most men in an unorganized field are under friends or otherwise. Also, it is necessary to The Great War taught us much, it ad­ the impression that it is only necessary to learn to recognize our real enemies, some of vanced science, surgery, aviation, and many organize and then immediately obtain all whom we will find in our own ranks. other fields of endeavor. There is no doubt the benefits of a thoroughly organized union. In order to do this you will find that the we can learn from these disasters if we only How very foolish to think that! If that were sacrifices to be made will include humiliation, use our thinking apparatus. It remains for the case, then organized labor would be a ridicule, hurt feelings, and the waiving of all us to use the knowledge we have gleaned. potential Santa Claus. Because of that mis­ selfish ambitions, with only one thought most We have the chance of our lifetime this taken impression, I am going to convey a prominent in our minds, that thought being year, for a general election is in the offing. thought which occurred to me, to the member­ for the general welfare of organized labor. If Have we learned a lesson from five years ship. "Advance!" This is only one word, we will do this at all times, then we will find of grinding capitalism with Prime Minister but it is a maxim of much thought. ourselves in a position to advance, make R. P. Bennett at the helm? Just consider the similarity of a labor or­ progress, present a solid front and thereby As far aa organized labor is concerned, ganization to the mobilization of an army, be able to command respect and recognition whether industrial or political or both, there both of which are established for the same as well as demand it. is no fear, but the masses of the so-called purpose, and that is for protection and for THOMAS M. DICKERT, middle class, the white collar slaves, together assertion where rights are concerned. Business Manager. with the unorganized worker slaves that can­ In mobilizing an army, the first move is to not think for themselves; and, well, as I see either enlist or draft men. That puts them L. U. NO. 500, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS it there will be little change--maybe in under the colors, but it does by no means name only. l\Iy bet is national coalition­ mean that each and everyone of them are Editor: the name the Conservative party is hiding soldiers. No indeed! First comes the task of Well, well, we were off the air last month, under. We cannot organize these white col­ training those men to be physically fit, men­ and haven't much news this month-in a way. lars, but we can organize the industrial tally fit, accumstomed to rhythm, accustomed However, we have noticed lately that the worker who has not yet stopped to consider to drill, acquainted with their purpose, ac­ helpers (linemen's assistants) are sprouting what it means to him to belong to a red­ quainted with the methods of warfare, and web feet, yeah, and the linemen are sprout­ blooded organization. This is the duty, our also acquainted with the methods employed ing wings. For the benefit of you Brothers duty to see that every no bill amongst us by the enemy. Now, before this is accom­ that wonder why, we will try to explain becomes a member. plished it is necessary to undergo much pun­ that we here have had 11.78 inches of rain. I am pleased to state that our monthly ishment in the form of humiliation, ridicule, Who wouldn't get web feet under those con­ meetings are being attended on a larger sore muscles, blistered heels, etc., on the part ditions? scale than formerly. Let the good work con­ of the men, and much discouragement and Brother W. L. Ingram was a timely visitor tinue. It puts life and pep into the meet- exasperation on the part of the officers. Then, here this week, and we of Local 500 were

Remember the time-

you fORG-OT THAT STREET SI(7I'1,ON YOUltWAY DoWN?

~414

Dra\vn especially for Electrical Workers Journal by Harrie S. Goodwin 260 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935

very glad to see him (we always are) for farms have no jobs and no wages, no roof food stood at 140, nearly three times what brotherly reasons, and business reasons; wish over their heads, are much worse off. They farmers were getting for raising the food. he were with us all the time. are up against an ever-increasing cost of Farm prices and food distribution started Station "B" now has a grievance commit­ living. There is nothing left for them but to even in 1914, but at the end of 1934, when tee, and after attempting three times to meet go "on relief"; and this "relief" has to be the New Deal had been at work nearly two with the executive board of 500--they finally paid for by those who remain employed. years, the farm index was only 92, while the made connections. We nosed around to find These millions "on relief" are another bur­ cost of distribution had risen to 160, or 60 out what happened, but we don't care to be den added to an already over-burdened per cent more than pre-war days. punched on the nose, so guess everything people. The cost of raising food is per cent below was hunky-dunky (we don't know exactly It does not take a magician to create pre-war days, while the cost of distribution what that word means either). No one is sick, purchasing power. It must be done by work, has risen 60 per cent above it. not even a helper, so we will leave out that the work of someone, somewhere, sometime. The cost of distribution will have to be part this time. Purchasing power cannot be increased by brought down where it belongs before the Most of the Brothers here didn't mind the "relief" or "doles." Money must be in cir­ people can get what they want at the prices rain very much, for we have noticed a bright culation to create purchasing power. If they can pay. look in their eye, and the packing of kickers, there is no production, and it requires work Figures s how that the total income of the ice boxes, and fishing poles, which means­ to produce, then there can be no purchasing people of the United State last year was more water for most of them. We will pub­ power. about $52,000,000,000, and in 1929 the total lish their stories (with pictures) later. Some Rising prices prevent any surplus that may income was over $80,000,000,000. of the Brothers claimed that it rained fish, be on hand from being used. Money has to be The pro rata of each man, woman and child but failed to explain the kind. It's about exchanged for products and these prod,ucts of the present national income would be time for Brother Steinhauer to go fishing­ can only be produced by labor. about $412. After food is bought, at the ris­ of course we don't mind pulling him out of Relief is not a purchasing power but rather ing prices, there will not be much left for the water sometimes, but he has luck. Of acts as a brake on recovery. anything else. course we will apologize to Brother Stein­ Professor Moley, the President's intimate Food is the one thing that people cannot hauer before he has a chance to read this. Jewish friend, says that the effect of the gov­ do without. They must buy food. People When you other Brothers read this it will be ernment's policies has been to raise the cost have to have food if nothing else and their a pleasure to us to have you give us some­ of living more than wages. stomachs require the same amount in good thing interesting to write in our next letter, This statement shows that the real buying times as in bad times. Food can be cut down so come on in, the water's fine. Until next power, that of the workers, or producers, has to a certain extent, but cannot be done with­ month, adios. been reduced, not raised. out entirely. FOWLER . . Clarence Darrow, the lawyer, in his report Figures show that nearly all the available says, "The NRA was got up to help big busi­ money is absorbed in the cost of living. The ness and take business away from the little number of food animals, that is, animals used L. U. NO. 526, WATSONVILLE, CALIF. fellow. Most of it is price fixing. The sky for human food, is the lowest in years. Editor: is the limit toward which prices can go up, Food comprises about 38 per cent of our The people of the United States, in the but they can't come down." living costs, and our brain trusts and econo­ midst of plenty, have no way of enjoying that In the case of farm products, it costs more mists can't imagine why the products of in­ plenty. They must continue to tighten up to distribute them than the farmer gets for dustry, the products of the farm, and the their belts and go on short rations. The producing them. The great fault today is costs of distribution won't balance. It can't farmer and the wage earner are unable to that the cost of distribution keeps piling up. be done. buy freely. In ] 933, when the index of farm prices There is another thing that I ha\'e meant The 23,000,000 people who do not live on was down to 55, the cost of distribution of to mention before but I had t o wait until I

INSIDE WIREMEN RUSH FORD BUILDING ELECTRICAL WORK A new record for Installation of electrical conduit was made by members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Worker, L. U. 569, San Diego, when two sbifts of wiremen, totaling 63, Installed 61,000 pounds of conduit In 11 days. This new prodnctlon mark was set dur­ ing construction of the Ford Exposition Building at America's Exposition which opened May 29. One shift of union members is shown above as they completed their day's work. A total of 2,499,000 watts will be available for lighting the Ford ExpOSition and to operate the factory test- lng machinery which torms part ot the Ford Motor Company's exbibits. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 261 cooled off before I did it. To start off, I want The governor assured one and all that he was were of small nature. However, in spite of to say that our 1. B. E. W. membership should 100 per cent with and for union labor. the fool act of the governor the unions proved be proud of our JOL"RNAL. I don't believe that Well, we are going along in the same way, to be composed of intelligent men, and went any other labor organization has one that the power company still putting up the battle about in a business-like manner. to stop the TVA from building rural lines The presidential election is not far away can equal ours. There are many interesting and the tri-cities, consisting of Florence, and from all indications there will be some and educational articles published in it that Tuscumbia and Sheffield, Ala., from obtaining new candidates. I understand, President are very well written. The correspondence PW A loans to build new systems for cheap Green of the American Federation of Labor section is a feature that also makes the power. It will take a long time to exhaust is one of the candidates, also that talkative WORKER interesting and there are letters in all the writs and appeals, and while this is gent from Louisiana; the author of pros­ that section that give us an idea how other going on the power company is still making perity around the corner, who hails from sections of the country are getting along. their millions, but here is hoping their time Palo Alto, is out hunting for a hat to toss Some time ago I wrote a letter to the inter­ is short and the work marches along rapidly. in the ring, and the Republicans of Califor­ national secretan- of the American Federa­ Since my last letter the boys of the rural nia are endorsing their Governor Merriam. tion of :.'.Iusicians; of which organization I am electric lines, under Foreman William H. This gent is full of ambition, so full that also a member. calling his attention to our Perry, have held two big get-togethers with he has in his haste overlooked the working 1. B. E. W ..JOl"RNAL, and how much better Brother George Vaughn serving as host, and man. Taxes is his motto, and he does not the ',"ORKER was than the International did we build lines? I say we did. These af­ care who it hurts, providing it won't hurt MIIRici(ll1. the official organ of the A. F. :\1. fairs sure bring the boys close together. the rich man. I also asked if the 21Iusician could not be im­ Speaking of get-togethers. May 30 the sec­ Today California is in such a tax craze pro,-ed and ~,ade more interesting. (For the ond get-together of the TVA workers will be that in order to balance the extravagance at benefit 01 ti.ose who have not seen the held at Wheeler Dam. We are looking for Sacramento taxes have been levied on every­ IlJllsicia ii, it is printed on very cheap "news" thousands of people; they are barbecuing thing but the air we breathe. This has been paper and ~or.tains nothing but a lot of de­ four tons of lamb. beef and pork. Will go into done to an extent that many industries are faulters li~ts. official reports, ads, official details further next month. about to migrate to some other state where notices and a few editorials.) Mr. Kerngood, Many changes are taking place at Wilson sanity prevails. Are we to have such a man the international secretary of the A. F. M., Dam power plant under Brother John Sharp, for President? Use your own judgment, I replied to my letter saying that the M1tsician in the substation yard. know how I will vote. was published for official business only. He JOHN GRAHAM. Local No. 595 is holding its own fairly well also went on to say that if I wanted reading during the prosperity around the corner, and matter, ther~ were any number of five-cent all the alphabet codes brought about by the publications o!:. the market that could supply L. U. NO. 595, OAKLAND, CALIF. blue eagle. We have lost a few of the old timers to my needs. I wonder if Mr. Kerngood thinks Editor: their Maker, but we still have many, old that a five-eel't thriller is the extent of my Was the 1934 Pacific Coast general strike mentality'; Possibly it may be his limit, but stand-bys who are good stickers. of any benefit? This question has often been The local is dishing out a bean feed after not mine. I also believe that the range of my asked, and to my observation it was benefi­ every meeting to its members, and from what reading matter will more than favorably cial in many ways. The main one was, it compare witi: his. It looks like the A. F. :.'.1. I note none are missing the following morn­ proved organized labor can and will do secretary ;va !:. ts the rank and file of the ing from their usual game of pinochle. things, but not as bad as the local news­ musicians to ':Je a bunch of ignoramuses and papers pictured it. No one went hungry Brother Stalworth is the chief cook, and his doesn't want :hem to read anything that may cuisine is most excellent, as old "Doc" knows and no babies suffered from the lack of milk, be educatior.al. his beans. as food trucks, such as bread, milk, and ice, What a vast difference between the two Work at this time, around here, is not so were making deliveries. The only ones to journals! Bl'other Bugniazet's efforts to plentiful. As Brother Gaillac stated in a pre­ suffer later were the local newspapers, as make the 'YORKER an interesting and educa­ vious write-up, the two bridges connecting many union men had their subscriptions can­ tional magazine are doing our membership a San Francisco with Oakland and the red­ celled. The longshoremen were out because service that ~annot be measured in dollars wood empire are well under way, but wire­ they wanted more pay, shorter hours and and cents. a"j is of real benefit to our mem­ recognition of their union, which to my way men will not be required for some time, and bership. The WORKER is read from cover to as this work is to be taken care of by Locals of thinking was fair; every union to have cover, while the JI1t. delegates to the past conven­ for political reasons, and a large piece of yes, a fine boy. Here is how, Rocky! tion held 2.t Gadsden. Ala., being the largest money from the steamship companies. The number sen: iJ:: any local in the district, and local authorities had the situation well in G. L. MONSIVE. your scribe happened to be one of the three. hand, as the men were peaceful and law We had mallY '-ery important measures for abiding, up until the time the militia shot consideratio". the 30-hour week, the NRA, some of the members who were standing by L. U. NO. 665, LANSING, MICH. and many resolutions; I have attended many watching. That started a few protests, but Editor: affairs like the above, but I never heard Local No. 665 wishes to take this opportun­ such able ;!leeches. one of the most impres­ ity to issue a warning to some of the Broth­ sive dpli"ereri oy our governor, Bibb Graves. THIS BUTTON IN YOUR LAPEL ers who are getting loose-footed this nice If I had bee~ blindfolded I would have bet it proudly announces membership in spring weather. As always, when there is a was one of our International Officers talking. the I. B. E. "'. A handsome bit of possibility of a little extra work in any par­ jewelry, in gold and In other w,n'ds it was as bold a speech as I '. e!'umel. Solid gold, small $1 50 ticular town or city, the local holding juris­ ever heard sp:>ken by any state e"ecutive. • sIze. • diction over same begins to receive traveling 262 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935

cards from all over the country. This has some charge, except 21 of the Brothers, which ors and police forces, both county and city, already happened in Lansing. Probably some looks to us as a good way to attempt to dis­ led by the mayor of BeJleville, who surely is of the Brothers have heard that General courage men on a strike. I, myself, was a white man if there ever was one. To him Motors has purchased the old Durant plant released on $2,000 bond on charge of rioting I give the credit for getting the company for the housing of the Fisher Body Company and intimidation of workers. Along with me to come forward in negotiations. Our mayor of the Olds Motor Works. This story is true, was invited to go to the meeting of mayors were Brothers Smalley and Edwards; even but the job has not started yet. We don't but failed to do so. So we will have to win though we were not guilty of such charges. know when it will start and at the present without help from that source. I say the poor man hasn't a chance. time we have members out of work, with no Some acts of alleged vandalbm have been In the southern division, however, a much possibility of their getting a job in the im­ reported by local police, such as dynamiting of different attitude is shown strikers. Down mediate future. poles, high-line towers fallin/!, etc., but al­ there the paid thugs and gunmen are the We have only one closed shop here. They though several arrests were made they had ones that are getting things served on employ normaJly about 25 or 30 men. We no evidence that any of our hoy~ did this, them, and that is where the trouble always have a membership of about 35 so you can so they were released after spending a night starts anyway, for if we didn't have men will­ see we have all we can handle at the present in the town's jail. ing to scab, scab herd and intimidate strik­ -these being far from normal times. It looks like the United States Supreme ers, strikes would be much different in most Reports have come to us that some of the Court has wrecked President Roo~evelt's play­ cases. Men on strike are striking, always, to out-of-state papers are carrying articles house, even though it seems like the wrong get better conditions, more wages, shorter about the large amount of work in Lansing, thing to do. Already I have heard of em­ hours or kindred advantages, and it takes particularly the papers in the southern ployers making the remark that their em­ some one with a lot of will power to keep states. Our belief is that if you trace these ployees would have to work more hours. At calm seeing scabs and such take their jobs articles back to their source you wilJ find the this time, however, I see by the papers that and attempt to defeat the efforts of organ­ Lansing Real Estate Board out in front. a certain oil company has ordered a 5 per ized labor in gaining advantages that not Possibly the reason for this is that they cent increase in wages for their employees only will help themselves and other felJow would like to sell some of the homes they have and that these wages and maybe higher ones workmen, but the workmen of the future, and been taking away from the workers for the would prevail if conditions allowpd them to. it's a cinch we know where the future work­ last four years. At the present time they are I hope all the large companies will come to men are coming from, and that is from the trying to force the citizens of Lansing to buy the front and do something of their own free families of men already working. The path homes. The way they do this is to stop rent­ will to help end this let-down in work of labor should be forever forward, and that ing, and, after all, we have to have some and salaries. As one certain radio news­ path is not made easier by standing by and place to live in. But I believe there should caster remarks that big business has been letting professional strikebreakers and mis­ be some way to stop them from charging us bragging about what it could do if the informed people take our jobs. a double price for our homes and then when "shackles" of the NRA were l'emoved, now is One of the local scabs here in Danville met the.next depression comes along throwing us the time for them to break loose, with no death last week, a victim of his own ignor­ out in the streets with these kind words: ifs being allowed. ance, or of others. A mere boy, barely over "Come back in two or three years and we All our faith and hope are with \'ice Presi­ 21 years of age, was scabbing in the boiler will seJl you this home again." dent Mike Boyle in his conference at Spring­ room of the power house, and in opening Well, Brothers, please stay away from field and we hope to see a victory chalked up up the valve in the header-line, opened it Lansing for a while if you are looking for on this strike situation here in Danville; too rapidly without letting out water that work. Here is hoping that next month I can Champaign and the southern dh·ision. had accumulated in the unused portion of give you better news. H. L. Hl:GHES. C. G. Fox. the line. The resulting reaction of the line superheated steam and the cold water caused the line or valve to burst, resulting L. U. NO. 734, NORFOLK, VA. L. U. NO. 702, WEST FRANKFORT, in a severe cooking in the steam. He died the following night in a local hospital. Editor: ILL. This boy had been approached on a former The convention of the Yirginia Federation Zone B, Danville and Champaign (Ill.) occasion and had been asked not to go into of Labor held in Portsmouth, Ya., recently, the power house, for he didn't know what seems to have started a new kind of chain, Division he was getting into, as there are only about what could be called, in the slang of the day, Editor: four experienced men in the boiler room and a "chin chain," and the links of that chain Here it is May 28 and our strike stiJl on, inexperienced men have no business working are being forged in the furnace of public although negotiations are under way at with 150-pound line superheated steam. It is opinion and an alloy has been substituted Springfield, with Mike Boyle, vice president bad enough for experienced men who know for metal, the alloy of perfidy. Can good sixth district, as I. B. E. W. representative; how to cope with an emergency to work with solid links be made of such waste material? A. Von Wyck and Mitchel1 of the Illinois it. He made the remark at that time that ~o! I think not. If a goodly supply of Power and Light Co., also certain members he knew what he was doing and knew what common sense and co-operation were used of the Utility and Operators Association, he was getting into. and then allowed to cool in the mould of hu­ company union, with which the company After this boy, Robert Thomas by name, man understanding then when the sand was claims to have contracts to furnish labor for was injured he tried to escape from the cleaned away there would be forged a chain said company. Negotiations have been steaming execution chamber, but was unable that could lead labor to the polls, and labor underway for six days, but no news is forth­ to, because the company had barred and could wear that chain as a chatelaine, and the coming, as all parties in the negotiations are locked the exits on the west side of the keys it held would be the keys to the door of keeping results secret. po\ver house so strikers could not enter, so prosperity and happiness. . Things here have quieted down consider­ he died by the very means and unnecessary The sad part of this meditation is that ably since negotiations have been started, al­ precautions that the company had used to there seems to be a lack of these elements though at this writing 51 towns in southern protect him from the outside, although at no for good links, and the most rare is the one division are either partially or totally out time have any of the men on strike attempted most needed, common sense. The other ele­ of service, either gas or electricity, with indi­ to approach the inside of the power house ment is in abundance, but is seldom used cations that aU the boys intend to stick tilJ by force. Fr.ank Wagoner and Jess De with the right base to gh-e labor a strong the finish. We of Danville and Champaign Maiss, two men on strike, were responsible link. Xo, it is usually med with gold, and haven't lost a man for six weeks and every­ for his removal by one of the west doors in when that mixture is forged into the chain one is sitting tight. assisting police in breaking open the door. it leads labor to degradation and misery. We gave a benefit dance here last ·Wednes­ In the last week quite a few trouble-makers Let labor seek for the elements of common day to help our food fund and a very and thugs have been imported by the com­ sense and co-operation, and, if possible, add good profit was realized despite the small pany here in Danville, and the only results a dash of fair play, heat in the political cost of one quarter per couple. we could get in our attempt to have them re­ furnace and mould in the ballot box on elec­ The company has been after the Brothers moved was their removal to the city and tion day, then we will have a chain to lash with every known means to induce them county offices to be questioned; but that bore labor's ship to the dock of prosperity and to go back to wor!c, even offered to pay up no fruit, so they are still loitering around npither the gales of cOIllI!l,.l!i~lJl nor the back rent and give a nice raise in some the buildings and on the streets. That is tides of depression can break her from her cases. just another way for the company to spend mooring. Some of the boys have been set out of the stockholders money. The stockholders P Al'L R. LEAKE. their homes after not having missed rent don't kick though, 'cause I guess the major­ payments, some as long as eight years. All ity of them were just dyed-in-the-wool this smells strongly of high-powered influ­ suckers. The union man who has nevpr enjoyed the ence coming from you know where. Great co-operation is being given the boys thri11 of boosting the union label has as yet Everyone here has been arrested under in the southern division by their local may- to learn what real pleasure is. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 263

L. U. NO. 846, CHATTANOOGA, TENN. Police Chief George Leadbitter, Executive alone among the nationally organized Secretary Chamber of Commerce, Miss economic groups, has stood steadfastly Big Figures Ruth Victory. 1 :30 to 1 :45 P. M., What is around the corner. through the crisis of the past five years The depression has taught the average By Leroy Allen. against any curtailment of educational working man one thing more than any other, 1 :45 to 2 :45 P. M., Rules for Joint Underground opportunities for the children even dur­ that is how to read big figures. Con~truction. By George Pickett. ing a depression. Other great organiza­ If you should turn on your radio, you are 2 :45 to 3 :15 P. IlL. Measuring Ground Resis· likely to hear some "brain truster" talking tances. By S. W. Borden. tions have advocated and where possible about millions for dams and highways, or 3 :15 to 3 :45 P. M., New Methods of Cable Sup· have forced curtailments in the edu­ port. By Vivian Kellums. cational facilities everywhere. It is no billions for the unemployed; then again you 3 :45 to 4 :45 P. 111., Police Signals. By Frank may hear some big shot in the art of capi­ Bridges. wonder that outstanding educators talist philosophy trying to "flim-flam" the 4 :{:; to 5 :15 P. III., The Nl'on Arrpster. Its throughout the land look upon the public. It all reminds one of Andy explain­ history, operation and performance. By American labor movement as the one ing his future finances to Amos. L. S. Brach. hope to save our schools. Many of Now let us consider organized labor and 7 :00 P. M., Dinner. George Bowen and Ed. its figures. At present we can justly say Cochran, Joint Chairmen. these educators have become a part of organized labor has done much. But with the labor movement and are doing their Friday, June 21. the ever·changing conditions we must work, utmost to assist in the attempt to rescue plan and fight or else we may find our figures Chairman, .Joseph Dpmpsl'Y. from those who would tear it down, the very small in the climb from out of the de­ !l:oo A. Ill. to 10 :00 A. III., A. D. T. Protection greatest system of free public education pression. Every successful business has its Service. By K. C. Edwarcls. in the world." perfect functioning organization, and they 10:00 to 11 :00 A. Ill.. Rules of Joint Aerial Con· Every labor woman, and especially justly give due credit to said organization. Ktruction. By Frank ypit. every mother, should be doing her part Labor possibly cannot reach such figures as 11 :00 A. 111. to 2:00 P. M .• Visiting Exhibits and individuals, but if we use the very same tac­ Luncheon, Everp.tt Zeh, Chairman. to defend the schools. If she has chil­ tics as big business, which is simply organ­ 2 :00 to 3 :00 P. III., Horni Audioplex. By Paul dren she will be better able to realize norn!. the curtailment that is going on and will ized force, we will surely go far up the ladder 3 :00 to 4 :00 P. 111 .. First Line of Defense. By of success, both in working conditions, wages .Joseph Siddall. be more awake to the danger. Look up and in commanding the respect of our em­ 4 :00 to 5 :30 P. III., Police Ramo. 1I1unicipal, the facts in your locality and be ready ployers and fellow men. County or State. By William Jordan and to express your opinion when you can T. A. J. Hayes. As an example of the benefits gained by influence others. And remember that organized labor, I am pleased to report that in our city, an active sponsor of labor was Friday Evening. every voter has a way of expressing his wishes when election day comes around. elected to a place on the city board on March Dinner and Visiting Exhibits. 12, 1935. 8 :30 P. !'of.. Yi

days as a token of respect to his memory; and be it further Hpsol\"{'(I, That a copy of th('se resolutions be • • spread. upon the minntps of thf~ lo(,ul union a • • copy be ,ent to the official .Tournal for publi~a­ ••• IN MEMORIAM ••• tioll and a copy be sent to tI", family of our late • Bruther. • • _-\. n. BAlt:\ES, • DO:lIEXICO LISI, HAT.PII C. SHAPLEY, FHEI> GHCPI'. GEHALD III:\:lL\:\. Roy Earhart, L. U. No. S84 earnest and conscientious member, and we, the members of Local Xo. 602, feel his passing with Committee. Initiated Sf ]dem7Jcr 18, 1912, in L. U. "So. 263 great sorrow; therefore be it Hesolved. That we, the members of Local Xo. Charles E. Mech, L. U. No. 713 Local rnion Xo. ;'84 feels keenly the passing 602, extend to the family and relatives of our awa~' flf Brnth~r Hoy Earhart. in Dallas. latc Brother Schiffbauer our deepest sympathy Initiated September 1, 1916 He had ilppn a nll'mber of this local nntil go­ in their hereavement; and be it further in~ to lJalla:-; about thrpe 1l10llth!:; ago, huving Hesolyed. That our chartPr be draped for a Whereas after a long illness, borne with the HIH~nt a goou vart of his time here since his in­ ppriod of 30 days in memory of our Brother: greatest of courage and cheerfulness, our itiation im" the I. B. E. W. Local No. ri98, that a copy of these resolutions he forwarded to Brother, Charles E. :\Iech, has passed to his Wichita. Kans .. April 13, 1909. Technicall~' hl' the family: that a copy be spread on our min­ rest: therefore be it was a memlwr of L. G. No. ri9, but the members utt's, and also that a copy be scnt to the official Hesolved, That we, ill th(~ spirit of brotherb' of L. r. Xu. :OS4 feel he was morally still one of Journal for publication. loyp. pay tribute to his memory hy expressing our true and loyal members. He was highly to his family our sincere sympathy; and be it IXTEHXATIOXAT, RHOTIIEHHOOD OF furt·her respN'ted. honored and a true friend of ever~' ELECTTnCAL WOHKEH~. L. r. Xo. 603. member of our local amI we feel we have lost C. T. WEBSTEH .. I~esolyed, That our chartpr hp draped for a one of our own members who cannot be replaced. President. pCrIud of 30 days; and be it furtil .. r Xine of our members went to Dallas for the II. O. TIIO:\IPSOX. Hesolved, That a copy of the",' r"solutions bp funeral and were very emphatic in their praise Secretary. Se!lt to his family, a copy be sllr.. ad upon our of the hospitality, courtesy and real brotherly IlllIlUtps, and a copy be sent to our official consideration shown them by the members of Journal for publication. L. r. Xo. ;;9. Dallas. Local No. 584 fully ap­ Horace O. Makinson, L. U. No. 28 GEORGE DOEHU, In'"pint~R this courtpR~' and Local No. [i9 has our FRANK BECKEH, Initiated September 13, 1917 rf':-ollPpt autI aduliration as a true local of a great ADOLPH NAI"~HEXS. Brotherhood. Particularly do we express our thanks to "'hereas it is with the deepest sorrow that Committee. I. E. I:rother Cox, bu~ine~s lllanager of L. U. No. uH, Iowal Xo. 28, B. 'Y., monrns the passing for the whole-hearted manner in which he away of Brother Horae,> O. :lIakin,on; and Walter T. Holland, L. U. No. S3 den.ted his time and ability (far beyond the cali '''hereas we wish to extend to his family and relatiyes our deep and h,'artfelt sympathy; of hi~ officei in taking ('are of funeral arran~i'­ therpfore he it Initiatecl Jluy 29, 192.1 nlf'ut:-:: and lonkin::: afh.'r the 'welfare of our l1H~lll­ Hesolved, That the body, in meetin~ assem­ Wherpas Almighty God, in IIis infinite wis­ lJer~ who were there. hIed, stand in silence for one minute, as a tribute dOlll, has seen fit to call from our midst our n. c. to his memory; and be it furthpr ,,,teemed and worthy Brothpr, Walter T. Hol­ Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions he ~~~l, who has passed on to his greater reward; John Mcintosh, L. U. No. 213 sent to his bereaved wife. a copy lJe spread upon the minutes of this n1Petin~. a copy be sent to Whereas Local Union JS"0. [)3, I. B. E. W., has Initiated 1902, L. U. No. 77 our official Journal for puhli~ntion and that our suffered the loss of a true and worthy Brother: charter be draped for :lO days. therefore be it It is with deep regret and sorrow that Local CA:\IPBELL CAHTEH, Hesolved, That we, in a spirit of brotherly rnion Xo. 213. I. B. E. "'., records the passing EDWAUD L. DOrGIIERTY, love, pay tribute to his memory by expressing to the Great Beyond of our esteemed and faith­ Committee. to his family our sincere sympathy; and be it ful Brother, John McIntosh. further Whereas we ha yc sulIered the loss of a true Uesolyed. That our charter be draped for a and faithful Brother; therefore be it Roger G. Chaffin, L. U. No. 429 period of 30 days in his memory; and be it Resolyed. That Local Union No. 213 tenders further its sincere sympathy to the family of Brother Initiated May 28, 1918 Hesolved, That a copy of these resolutions be :\IcIntosh: and be it further spnt to bis family, a copy be spread on our HesolYed, That a copy of these resolutions It is with sincere sorrow and regret that we, the members of Local Union No. 429, I. B. E". minutes, and a copy to the Electrical Workers' he spread upon the minutes of our local union, Journal for publication. a copy sent to the official Journal of our Broth­ "'., record the death of our esteemed member erhood for publication, and our charter be and wortby Brother, Hoger G. Chaffin, to whose THO:\IAS M. CASSIDY, draped for a period of 30 days as a token of hereaved wife and famil~' we extend our sincere JOSEPH CLOUGIILEY, re,pe<~t to his memory. sympathy: therefore be it WM. BUHKIUJY, Hesolved, That we recognize a great loss in Committee. GEORGE NEILL, the passing of Brother Chaffin and hereby ex­ A. C. McKAY. press our appreCiation of his services to the D. S. PALLEN, cause of our Brotherhood; and be it further Edward Kuntz, L. U. No.1 Committee. HesolYed, That a copy of these resolutions he sent to the family of our late Brother, a copy Initiated January :lG, 1904 be spread on the minutes of our local union and Whereas it has pleased the Heavenly Father John T. Rolle, L. U. No. 28 a copy be sent to the official Journal of our to take from our midst a true and faithful Initiated June 29, 1914 Brotherhood for publication. Brother, Edward Kuntz, who departed this life L. E. GL'PTON, on Sunday, April 28, 1935. "'hereas the Almighty God, in His infinite G. C. HAHRIS, A t our last meeting all members stood with wisdom, has seen fit to remove from our mid,t W. B. DOSS, howed heads and said a silent praypr, for there our worthy Brother, John T. Rolle; and Committee. is a vacant chair that can never be filled' there- Whereas Local Union No. 28, I. B. E. W .. fore be it ' deeply mourns the loss of Brother Rolle anll Uesolved, That we, the Brothers of Local wishes to extend to his family and relatives the Forrest Wormland, L. U. No. 17 "['nion No.1, extend to the bereaved family our ntmost sympathy of this organization; there­ Initiated Decem/lcr 1.;, 1925 heartfelt sympathy; and be it further fore be it Uesolved. That we send a copy to our Journal Hesolyed. That the body as a whole, in honor Whereas Local L'nion No. 17, I. B. E. W., has so that all the members of our Brotherhood of his mpmory. gtaUlI in silence for a period of suffered the loss of one of its members, Brother shall know of the loss sustained by Lopal L'nion one minutp. That a copy of these resolutions Forrest Wormland; and Xo. 1 ; and be it further he spread npon the minutes of onr meeting, a '''hereas it is our desire to express to the Resolved, That we drape our charter for 30 copy be sent to his bereaved family and a copy hereayed family of our deceased Brother Worm­ days and spread upon tbe minutes of our meet­ he spnt to our official Journal for publication; lan(\ our sincere sympathy; therefore be it ing this resolution. anll be it further HeHolved, That a copy of this resolution shall :\1. A. WALSH. Hesolved. That our charter be draped for a be sent to the family of the deceased Brother. a LAR UYVERXIEIt, Iwriod of 30 days. copy sball be spread on the minutes of our local CRAS. M"[,CKLEH, C.UIPBELL CARTER, union, and a copy forwarded to the official Committee. EDWAHD L. DOUGHERTY, Journal for publicntion: be it further Committee. Hesolved. That the ('hart"r of Local Union Xo. 17 be draped for a l",riod of 30 days in his Joseph Kupper, L. U. No. 713 lnemory. Initiated January 10, 1931 Joseph P. Schiffbauer, L. U. No. 602 BEnT ROBIX~OX, W:\1. :\IdIAHOX, It is with deep sorrow and rpgret that we, InitifltcC/ ,Jllne 1, 1922, L. U. No. 227 SETH WIIITE. the mpmbers of Local Xo. 71;), rpeord the pass­ Whereas _\.lmighty God, in His infinite wis­ Committee. in!! of Brother .J oseph Kupper: therefore be it dom. has removed from our midst our esteemp!l n",oh·ed. That we, in the spirit of hrotherlY an(l worthy Brother, Joseph P. SchilIbauer: and loye. pay tribute to his memory hy pxpressing ,,'herpas hI' sen'ed his conntry in the World Benjamin H. Ives, L. U. No. 325 to ilis family our sincere sympathy; and be it furtilpr ""'rtr "HIt hUH!)l' autl uistil1clioll ~ and Initiated Fe/IT/wry 8,1926 Wherpas he has Iwen a member in good stand­ Itpsolvp(\, That our charter hI' draped for a !n~ of the International BrothPrhood of Elec­ Whereas God, in His infinite wisdom. htlR perio(\ of 30 days: and be it fl1rthPr tric:!1 Workprs since June 1, 1922, and has al­ seen fit to call from our midst our esteemed and He,oh'('(l, That a copy of these resolutions be wn ~'S proven himself to he a true and loyal worthy Brother. Benjamin H. Iyps; and SPIlt to his family: a copy be spread upon the nnion workpr : and '''hereas in the death of Brother Ives. Local minl1tps, and a copy he sent to our official "'hereas in the death of Brother ~chift'hauer Union No. 325 has lost a true and loyal mem­ .Journal for publication. I,ocal Xo. 1)02. I. B. R W .. Amnrillo, Tpxas, has ber: therefore be it ADOLPH NAFJR~'ENR, lost one of its true and devoted members, who Resoh·ed. That we express onr dpepest sym­ HARVEY HAUDERS, was a past-president and a member of the exec­ pathy to those who remain to mourn him and r. G. GUAY, nth'e board at the time of his death, and a most that our charter be draped for a period of 30 Committee. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 265

Frank Stickney, L. U. No. 125 and pleasing smile will long be remembered by that our charter be draped for a ppriod of 30 all who knew him; and he it therefore da~'s in further respect to hi~ menl(Jr~·. Initiated July 10, 1925 Hesolved, That we, us a union, in spirit of CAIU, W. (;LODT. brotherly love, I'xtpnd our deepest sympathy to Hecording Secretary. As we press toward our ultimate goal, we cau those who remain to mourn his passing; and be but note the passing, from time to time, of it further friends and aHsociates who have finished the Hesolved, Tbat a ('opy of this resolution be course before us, sent to the herea Yed widow, a copy sent to Roy E. Earhart, L. U. No. 59 It is always fitting that a moment's pause our official Journal for publication, a copy be be had. that a grateful remembrance be ac· spread upon our minntes and that our charter Initiated April 13, 1909, L. r:. So. 598 knowledged for the privilege of having known be drap,:d for a ppriod of 30 days in com­ It is with deep sorrow and regrpt that we. the the one who has gone before. memoratIOn of our departed Brother. members of L. C. :\0. [iO. rP('ord the pa~~il1g of Such a tribute is recorded by Local Lnion ::\'0. Brother Hoy E. Earhart: thereforp he it 12::; with the passing of Brother Frank Stickney, HAY HAHK,",ESS. 1;r;O. RO::\'.T}

William Richards, L. U. No. 406 how to iron out all our troubles and mistakes and social affairs, and we are still adding a and show us how to really be of service to our new member occasionally. Initiated Janllary 4, 1929 local and to organized labor in general. We are demanding union-made merchan­ It is with the deepest sorrow and rej!ret that Local No. 83 Auxiliary was organized for dise on every possible occasion and several of we. the members of Local Union No. 406. record the death of our Brother, William Richards; the sole purpose of promoting friendship and our merchants here seem very much inter­ tbprefore he it a social good time among the families of the ested in ascertaining what companies manu­ Hesolved. That we. in the spirit of brotherly local, but in glancing through some of the facture union-made goods. They say the de­ love. pa~' tribute to his memory by expressinj! to his family our sincere sympathy; and be it records, I find that more than 100 baskets of mand is growing for the union label, and, of furtlwr food have been given to those in need. And course, that is what we are working for. Hesoh·ed. That our charter be draped for a Christmas parties, with gifts to the children, Some sort of entertainment is planned period of 30 days; and be it further dances, picnics, parties, showers, and radio every few weeks for the members of the local. Hesolnd. That a copy of these resolutions be sprpsd upon our minutes and a copy be sent to programs were given and always without An Easter egg hunt and basket dinner com­ our offieial Journal for publication. charge. prised our last entertainment ~f this kind. A. E. McI~TYRE. We fully realize that we are an auxiliary We picked a lovely place in the country and President. K. COCKBURN. and that our reason for being lies in the de­ had the egg hunt and basket dinner just be­ Secretary. sire of the women to assist in the success of fore sundown. Games were then played the local. We know that we cannot enter around the campfire until everyone was ex­ Albert Pavlick, L. U. No. 459 into the business affairs of the local but we hausted and Brother and Sister L. H. Camp­ should be able to help promote friendship and bell took us to their home for several games Initialed February I, 19S I goodwill among the families of the local. of bridge. L. U. No. 444 assures us that "'hprpa< the Supreme Huler of the I'niversp ,\Ve are looking forward to reading many more entertainments of this kind will be h" s rpuphpll into our midst and taken from us our psteemell Brother. Albert Pavlick; and interesting letters soon. welcomed. "hert'as in his passing Local Union :->0. 459 JEWELL MATHIS, Brother and Sister C. S. Drew, who have a has lost a faithful memhpl'; lovely home in the suburbs, have invited us Thp memhers of the local wish to extend to President. th" hereavpd family and friends their hpartfelt to their place for a strawberry supper, in sYlllpath~' in this their darkest hour of sorrow; June, and we are looking forward to that ther"forp bp it WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 292, with a lot of pleasure. Resoh·PII. That a copy of these resolutions hI' forwardpd to the family. a copy he forwarded MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. We voted at our last meeting to have only to the Electrical "'orkprs' Journal for puhl!ca· Editor: one meeting each month during the summer tion. and a copy be spread on the minutes of This auxiliary is still very much alive but months, but are to start again in October thi~ m~eting'. T. H. DICKERT. the press correspondent has been ill. with two meetings each month. .T. :\1. :\,AUGLE, Our new officers and committees have gone We enjoy very much the letters from the J. L. FRY. into their work with diligence and enthusiasm. other auxiliaries which appear in the JOURNAL Committpe. Meetings are held once a month and are well and would be glad to have visitors from any attended. After the business we spend a few auxiliary at any of our meetings. "BLACK FURY" GETS DOWN TO pleasant social hours. These informal "coffee­ ELLA BRIGHAM. HARD EARTH cup" discussions are often more productive of 724 N. Pine. (Continued from page 243) valuable ideas. Somehow, we women talk more freely after the meeting is over. The CASEY'S CHRONICLES OF THE Your Dance." Occasionally a film ap­ ideas exchanged which may be of benefit to WORK WORLD pears which seems to have concealed the auxiliary can then be brought up at the (Continued from page 247) propaganda intent against labor. On the next meeting. Many of our members who whole, the movies have handled this sub­ would hesitate to talk "on the floor" are else run for your life." Thus admonished ject, if not fairly, at least neutrally. fluent and valuable speakers over the coffee Punk very carefully pitched his first shoe cups. but it was a dud. "Yuh got to do better'n "Black Fury" surely is a tremendous June days here in Minnesota are perfect that, yuh snake-eyed Ethiopian," shrieked document against the medieval system picnic days, so the busy ways and means com­ of labor spies and police. mittee is planning a real family picnic. Shorty. Punk's second shoe was more The legitimate stage has not been Every member of this auxiliary (!onstitutes successful and landed apparently a tie afraid to touch what might be called a committee of one working for new members with Dan's. "Our game," shouted Shorty, controversial subjects. Plays have been and encouraging the "stay-at-homes" to come reaching for his shoe. "Naw yuh don't," written that have taken a partisan view out to meetings. When we meet a Brother said Percy, shoving his hand aside. in favor of capital, and a partisan view electrician our first question is "Why doesn't "We'll jus' measure 'em." Immediately your wife belong to the auxiliary?" We fol­ in favor of labor, and also neutral views. the whole gang came to a huddle. Percy low this up with, "Be sure to have her come produced a rule and carefully measured To be sure, plays favoring labor have up to our next meeting. We'd like to meet not had runs on Broadway and producers her." We have found the best way to get the the distances. Apparently Dan's shoe have been wary about sinking money women interested in our organization is to was a mite closer to the stake. Shorty, into them. On the other hand, the Little keep the husbands "auxiliary conscious," so seeing his hopes of claiming the game Theatre movement has accepted these we send open invitations to the local, asking fading, shouted "tie all!" "Tie all," often as their particular province. all members and their wives to attend our roared the gang. "All right," said Per­ Significant it is that the movies have social functions. cy with a good-natured grin. "You an' I heartily agree with the Editor of our stepped into production with a powerful me'll pitch 'er out." "You go first," said "Woman's Work" on the importance of cor­ Shorty, "an' I'll show yuh who's right." document aimed against labor spies and respondence being sent in from the auxil­ the whole medieval system of industry. iaries. This is our meeting place where we Percy stepped up to the mark. His first Perhaps labor can take heart at this be­ can discuss subjects of mutual interest. Every effort was a ringer and the second quite cause it means a shift in public opinion auxiliary needs to keep in the public eye if it close to the stake, and then Shorty away from the dreary spectacle of seek­ would grow. What better place than the stepped into position. "Beat that now, ing solutions of problems in industrial JOCRNAL to advertise to the husbands of non­ yuh pop-eyed palapalooser," shouted relations through force, rather than members that we have a real, wide-awake Punk. Eyeing the distance very care­ auxiliary? through reason. fully Shorty pitched and the result was So, more power to the "Woman's Work" and a perfect ringer at which the gang a rousing cheer to the Editor for the June howled with glee, and shouted, "Do it rally day. Let's keep up the good work and WOMEN'S AUXILIARY make every month a "rally month." again, Shorty." (Continued from page 2[)3) With best wishes to all sister auxiliaries, "I'll jus' do that same thing," was and if you spend your vacation in the "Land the answer, and to the unbounded joy of shall have to guess, but the records that I of 10,000 Lakes," don't forget to visit us. the gang his next shoe also landed a have on hand reveal that at one time there MAE NF_"I!';r,ER. were 60 members.) ringer, at which, jumping up and down This auxiliary has gone through some and flapping his arms like a bantie roos­ very trying times, including the depression, WOMEN'S AUXILIARY L. U. NO. 444, ter, he shouted out: which accounts for us being more dead than PONCA CITY, OKLA. alive at present, but for the sake of the spirit Editor: "How kin I be beat? of those before us we shall endeavor to carry Our auxiliary to L. U. No. 444 is, we feel, Me. The champion horseshoe flinger, on. Some day we are in hopes that ther~ making a lot of progress. All of our mem­ When I holds a shoe the way I do will be a national organizer who will know bers take an active part in both business An allus throws a ringer!" June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 267

LEGAL APPROACH DEPENDS ON on the over-all average investment ex­ Massachusetts, at the dedication of the ECONOMICS perience of utilities generally. new hall of the Boston University School In the application of the test of com­ of Law, that (Continued from page 240) pensatory rates under the rule of Smyth vexatious public utility problem; no sin­ v. Ames, decisions of the Supreme Court "For a rational study of the law the gle complaint in respect to its operation of the United States, the lower federal black-letter man may be the man of has since been raised. courts, and other courts, in reliance there­ the present, but the man of the future on, viewed corporate credit securities is the man of statistics and the master Let us next examine the second illus­ ~eal estate mortgage securities, and legai of economics." tration-the current attempt to abolish mterest rates in the period from 1909 to certain classes of holding companies in 1923 in the same category; and viewed It is apparent from the present picture a portion of the public utility field. To the comparative return requirements of that that future day has already ar­ 1929 no attempt was made by either the corporate senior and junior securities in rived! public or private interests to procure the same period on the basis of their legal recognition in the courts of system comparative risk positions. operation of public utilities on the basis TRACY LEADS AMERICAN LABOR of the advantages of its functional unity; Statistics Are Important AT GENEVA on the contrary, regulation thereof was resisted by the private interests. As Would you approach these decisions (Continued from page 239) already noted, however, such recognition as having established a legal formula ."I~ will be noted that in so framing was finally given by the Supreme Court applicable for the decade following 1923 of the L'nited States in 1930 in the case as before? Or would you approach the thIs lte~ of the .agenda, the governing of one system and the foundation there body WIshed to gIve effect to the desire formula as one not of law but of eco­ of the conference, as expressed in 1934 laid to sustain regulation thereof, in nomics, whose application to that decade the manner already discussed. that the general question of the reduc~ was justifiable only on the basis of a tion of hours of work should be main­ The freedom from regulation of the corresponding corporate financial pic­ tained on its agenda. The governing holding company relationship in system ture? On the latter approach, there body made a choice of a number of in­ operation which the public utilities would be available to you evidence that sought and obtained prior to 1930 proved dustries as regards which the application the apparent simplicity of pre-war and of the reduction of hours of work might very costly to them in that: immediate post-war corporate finance be. imm~diat.ely consid.ered. In making" 1. It permitted unscrupulous opera­ had disappeared in the following decade thIs cho.lce, It was mamly influenced by tors to so abuse the relationship as to in favor of the intricacy of corporate the deSIre to ensure that an effective finance of many variable factors, pre­ eva~e obligations as a public utility, to start should be made within the most theIr own undue advantage and to the cluding the possibility of any such com­ suitable field. The reports to be sub­ destruction of confidence in system opera­ parisons with corporate credit securities mitted to the conference by the Inter­ tion. a: theretofore apparently had been justi­ national Labour Office will therefore in­ 2. By not having tested, through 01'­ fied, as was pointed out in a recent case clude the necessary drafts to enable the d.erly legal procedure, their representa­ before the Supreme Court of the United nineteenth session to take final decisions tions as to the economic usefulness of States. There would be available to you at once, if it so desires." the relationship, the utility operators evidence also that the investment char­ One effort of the International Labour deprived themselves of the advantages acteristics of the period covered by the Office of course has been to point out of recognized proof thereof at a time decisions no longer controlled in the fol­ ways by which nations may work to­ lowing decade the comparative return re­ when, as now, they are soliciting public gether. It scans economic developments quirements of corporate securities on the opinion in their behalf in opposing at­ in each country and points out similar basis of their risk position. tempts to destroy the relationship in a developments in other nations. The I. Would you, with a knowledge of the portion of the public utility field, to over­ L. O. Yearbook for 1933, for instance intricacies of corporate finance of the come admitted abuses in its operation. has this to say about economic planning; past decade and of the variable factors On the other hand, the history of the a measure that has been endorsed by the therein influencing investment demand Chicago terminal public elevators al­ American Federation of Labor: for corporate securities just discussed ready discussed, admonishes that re~son­ "Side by side with this new orienta­ attach significance to any able regulation of economically sound determinatio~ tion of international trade there is the of the actual or probable current returns functi~nal unified utility and non-utility phenomenal growth of what, for lack of operatIons may be sufficiently effective on corporate investments of any speci­ fied utility in anyone year or over a a better name, may be referred to as to prevent the abuses therein. national economic planning. In many period of years during that decade which What, then, is the technique to be em­ ways 'planning' is not an appropriate ployed by the lawyer and the student of was based on the over-all average invest­ ment experience of utilities generally? ~erm, the actual measures taken being economics in connection with public m many cases ad hoc and unplanned to utility problems? Or ~vould you demonstrate, by the widely vaned actual experiences of corporate a degree. But while the methods adopted He should proceed on the basis first securities, the improbability of any such may sometimes be ill-judged the move­ that, with rare exceptions, legal 'deter~ significance, as was pointed out in a re­ ment itself is of the very greatest signi­ minations already made in this field cent case before the Supreme Court of ficance. Particularly is it momentous have only the significance that is war­ the United States? And would you not to the groups making up the Interna­ ranted by the economic facts upon which make use of evidence, as appeared in the tional Labour Organization, whose inter­ they are based; and, second, that, with record therein, that any determination ests are vitally affected. In economic rare exceptions, any legal determination baaed on the experience of other business planning it is not only a question of in this field is of value only to the extent undertakings could have significance only whether the plans adopted are likely to that it gives effect to the economic facts to the extent warranted by the proba­ give good economic results-although pertinent to the particular situation bility of the comparability of their re­ that of course is of great importance­ covered by it. spective financing experience, as well as but also whether they are socially sound. Le~ me de~lOnstrate this approach by of their respective financial structures Planning in itself, it is necessary to re­ two Illustrations-one covering the ap­ and operating experience as financing member, is not a new thing. For the plicability to the last decade of the legal factors? last several generations the economy of formula for the determination of current the world has been a 'planned' economy, returns on corporate investments devel­ '" * * * the guiding principles of the earlier oped in the period prior thereto, and the The picture which I have just given methods being the fullest possible free­ oth~~ covering the problem of the appli­ you focuses attention on the observation dom to individual initiative with some cabIlIty to any particular utility of a made in 1897 by Mr. Justice Holmes restrictions upon the more extreme mani­ determination of current returns based then of the Supreme Judicial Court of festations of the individual acquisitive- 268 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators June, 1935 ness that went with it. The present eco­ wide adoption of color pictures. This Assisting these foremen on these var­ nomic and social situation is the out­ picture is heralded as being in the fore­ ious assignments were Brothers Charles come of that system of planning, and front of color-picturing work. Ackerman, John Thwaites, George Mar­ the world, judging by its actions, has Behind this major accomplishment quenie, Guy Merry, Leland Armstrong, come to distrust its inherent validity. stands the personality of Mr. William William Wilkes, Fred Caldwell, Kenneth What the guiding principles of the new Johnson, head of the electrical and Van Horn, and William Munroe, who are economic order are likely to be will no mechanical department of R. K. O. in each case responsible for the place­ doubt appear more clearly during the studio. Mr. Johnson, or "Bill," as he ment of men on the sets, and in general next few years. At present the question is affectionately known to the hundreds assist the foreman in the performance is in the balance. The philosophy and of men under him, and his staff were of the multitudinous duties in connec­ ultimate aims of planned economy of faced with many problems, each in its tion with "shooting." the new type are yet to be worked out. turn being surmounted by the members But if in the future a true prosperity is of the department and its chief. They Made Rio Film to be attained, it would seem essential Two of the best-known set-lighting that the new economic organization of Johnson Has Good Record foremen are Brothers James Vaiana and society be consciously directed towards For the accomplishment of the task, Charles Ferguson, who are assigned to the concepts, to which the International "Bill" Johnson was well-prepared. For the technical division of production Labour Organization is itself dedicated, many years prior to his entry into the termed "process work." They are res­ of social justice and international peace." picture industry, he worked as an elec­ ponsible to a large degree for the spec­ trical construction superintendent on tacular "shots" in such pictures as "King HOLL YWOOD TECHNICIANS CAN various jobs, particularly in the north­ Kong," "Flying Down to Rio," and the NEVER NOD west. He has the distinction of having "Gay Divorcee." been personal set-lighting foreman to Brother Bert Wayne was set-lighting (Continned from page 245) "America's Sweetheart," Miss Mary foreman on the color production "Becky This "shot" completed, the process is Pickford, making his contribution, as Sharp." The R. K. O. studio, at that repeated at another location, or a return set-lighting foreman, to many of the time under' peak production, did not is made to the studio, and the next pictures that have made cinema history. have sufficient stage space, so that avail­ sequence is gone into under practically He is capably assisted by Charles able space at the R. K. O.-Pathe studio the same routine. Munroe, one of the best-known and most was drafted for that purpose. Before highly accredited figures in the electri­ this picture went into production, it was Technical Genius Employed cal set-lighting departments in the in­ necessary for the electrical department As mentioned in a previous article, dustry. Under Charles Munroe's direc­ to spend over three months in experi­ the men on the "shooting line" would tion are the set-lighting foremen and mental work. It was necessary to devise be helpless without an efficient supply assistants, the rigging foremen, and the new lights and manufacture them. and research department behind them. hundreds of lamp operators required by Special globes and "inkies" were de­ The order of the day is research and im­ this studio. He is assisted by Ray Sim­ signed and manufactured by lamp con­ provement. Not all the genius in the bro and an office staff consisting of cerns, to specifications. picture business is among the actors, Herman Lipney, Allen Pettibone, Pete An instance of the problems that daily authors, and directors. Constantly and McGillivray, and Warren Brown. confront the technical force behind the quietly, unknown to the general public, To Ray Simbro goes the credit of people on the "shooting line" was the contribution after contribution has been having been set-lighting foreman on one desire on the part of the director to made to our present-day state of near­ of the outstanding pictures of all time­ show the shadow of a marching army perfection by the electrical and mechan­ "Bird of Paradise," most of which was on tre screen. To get the desired effect, ical divisions of the various studios. A made on location at Honolulu. Charles no single arc was available with suffi­ recent check-up of one major studio Munroe was general superintendent of cient light. To use a bank of lights showed over 1,100 people in the technical all electrical matters in connection with would throw distorted shadows. A solu­ departments. the production of this picture, and accom­ tion was reached by the design and con­ A definite objective on the part of the panied the troupe to location to per­ struction of a single arc consuming two research departments has been to place sonally supervise this accomplishment. hundred and fifty amperes of current, at the disposal of authors and directors The construction and maintenance and a happy director was able to con­ new fields for the expression of their end of that large studio is handled by vey to the millions who view the picture, genius through the use of color: to dis­ Johnny Cuppett, who is himself, and his thought, in a new way. pense with the limitations of black and has under him on his staff, all old-timers It was desired on another occasion white and gray in the art of screen -competent mechanics and members of to show a woman blushing. To accom­ story-telling, to add life and substance the I. B. E. W. plish this effect, special lights had to be to shadows flitting across the screen. Under the direction of "Bill" Johnson designed, and a system of dimmers was The production of color pictures has and his staff, the set-lighting foremen arranged to change the lighting of the brought many new problems to the in­ have made such pictures as "Little subject, emphasizing the color of the dustry. They affect every branch, in Minister" and "Down to Their Last subject's cheeks, without any other pho­ many cases upsetting the stabilized prac­ Yacht," which were both done by tographic change being apparent. tices of many years: the wardrobe, make­ Brother "Bart" Barton; "The Silver Truly, the motion picture set is the up, set-building and design are all af­ Streak" and "Gay Divorcee" by Brother meeting place for art and science­ fected. Yet we find them readily and Jimmie Almond; "The Richest Girl in where the genius of the artist and the effectively adapting themselves to this the World" and "Romance of Manhat­ genius of the technician are on a com­ new medium of expression. tan" by Brother Frank Uecker. Brother mon ground, for a common purpose: to The very essence of color is light. The Leo Green, who recently left another bring romance and adventure to the burden of coming through with flying major studio to affiliate with R. K. 0., people of the world. colors rests most heavily on the electri­ is making "She." Brother Bert Wayne Under the direction of the set-light­ cal and set-lighting division, and be it made the popular "Flying Down to Rio" ing foreman and the cinematographer said again, they have not been found and others. Brother Orville Beckett is on this production was at times an im­ wanting. responsible for "Village Tale" and "Cap­ mense amount of equipment. In the Today, the entire industry waits with tain Hurricane." Brother "Monty" Mont­ working out of the color problems, it bated breath the public's verdict-its gomery made "Secrets of the French is said that more than 35,000 carbons acceptance or rejection-of the soon to Police" and "Let's Try Again." "Morn­ and 7,000 sheets of colored gelatin were be released super production, "Becky ing Glory" and others were made by used. More than 70 sun-arcs, each con­ Sharp." If you and I-the public­ Brother Cleo Crabtree, while Brother suming around 140 amperes, were used like it, if we take it to our hearts, it is Paul Bristow made "Age of Innocence," at one time, as well as many other types certain that the near future will see a and "Kentucky Kernels." of lighting equipment. Special globes June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 269 and lamps were designed. To light the of the various studios, the making of the crucial problem is not the transfer sets for this production, it is said, took modern motion pictures would be impos­ of ownership or of any other interest, more than 700,000 kilowatt hours of sible. The electrical store-rooms of the but rather the locus of control over in­ electrical energy, or enough to take care major studios bear silent testimony to dustrial policy." of the electrical needs of 20,000 average the progress made in the industry. Hung The weakness of NRA has been that homes for a month. from rafters and stored on the shelves labor and the consumer have not had any­ Great as was the accomplishment in are many obsolete types of lighting thing, having nominal voice in the deliber­ this and similar instances there is no equipment, each in its day the "last ations of code authority and administra­ such thing as resting on the laurels won. word." Each to the old-timer recalls to tion. If any kind of efficient administra­ This is not a static industry. Tomorrow, the memory a phase of the business. A tive price-fixing is to succeed, it must fol­ and the many tomorrows to come, will thousand gadgets gathering dust, each low the suggestion made in the foregoing each bring new problems to be solved. exemplifying the answer to some prob­ by Mr. Means. Mr. Means feels that labor More insistent demands for the new--the lem by the problem-answering depart­ has not played in enough instances the im­ unusual-the unique-each to be met ment-the electrical staffs of the motion portant role of shaping industrial policies. in its turn by the ingenuity of the elec­ picture studios. He names only two instances: that of trical staffs of the studios, in collabora­ The general acceptance of color by the the Amalgamated Clothing Workers and tion with the artistic, the research, and public, it is expected, will have a far­ that of the United Mine Workers in the the mechanical branch of this immense reaching influence on the industry. The Rocky Mountain Fuel Company. He industry. enormous amount of light used and the forgets the function of the standard rail­ nature of the light . required will inevit­ way unions in many railway systems Portable Generator Developed ably bring> about the redesigning of and the work of the International Bro­ It will perhaps interest the readers of equipment, just as sound and new types therhood of Electrical W orkers thr~ugh the JOURNAL to know of a recent portable of film negative brought about an almost the Council for Industrial Relations of direct current generator, developed and complete revision of equipment, being that industry. Labor would playa more built in the shops of the R. K. O. studio, changed from arc lights to incandescent, positive part if it had the opportunity. under the direction of William Johnson, a or "inkies," as they are commonly photo of which accompanies this article. termed. The power plant consists of a Sterling The use of arcs with a preponderance WORK RELIEF BEGINS TO SHOW marine motor, developing 400 horse­ of light in the blue end of the spectrum OUTLINES power at 2,000 revolutions per minute, made the use of negative film sensitive t< (Continued from page 249) direct-coupled to a Westinghouse 85 kilo­ the blues necessary, but because the old types of arcs were noisy, and the highly provements in naval reservations, work watt compound generator. This gen­ at yards and docks, etc. erator is compensated to deliver a flat sensitive "mikes" used for sound record­ characteristic, has seven brushes, and ing picked up this noise, and because Interior Department delivers approximately 1,400 amperes at development of powerful incandescent 110 volts. lights and new and faster film negatives General Land Office, clerical help for The gas plant is water-cooled, the sensitive to the red end of the spectrum preservation of records in land office. water in turn being cooled by an elec­ made it possible, the change to the newer Bureau.of Indian Affairs, projects on trically-driven fan, the fan speed being types of equipment was made. The Indian reservations. rheostat-regulated, to permit accurate hard-light man became almost a person Office of Education, clerical assistance temperature control. Oil for the crank­ of the past. It is thought that the trend in connection with educational research. case is fed under pressure from an oil of the industry at present will be in the Geological Survey, topographic maps. reservoir on one side of the machine, the direction of reviving hard lights, creat­ Bureau of Reclamation, irrigation and capacity of which is 12 gallons. ing a demand for the hard-light reclamation projects. A radiator, also variable speed fan­ operators. National Park Service, projects for controlled, in the oil line keeps the oil at Not all the problems incidental to the roads, fire lanes and other developments the proper temperature. Electrically­ motion picture business are in the of national park areas. driven gasoline pumps feed the fuel from studios. Part of them are also problems two 52-gallon drums mounted on the of the various organizations servicing trailer. Sufficient fuel capacity for the studios. Among the latter might be LABOR ATTACKS FASCISM ON about 15 hours continuous running is classed Local Union No. 40, 1. B. E. W. THREE FRONTS carried in these drums, the consumption This local operates under an Interna­ (Coutinued from page 248) being about six gallons per hour, when tional agreement with the major studios, 1. L. G. W. U. and other unions see what delivering 1,000 amperes. Indicators co-operating with the studio managers, as well as with the sound and electrical has happened to wages and to unions show pressure of fuel lines at carburetor. under Mussolini and Hitler they are less It will be noted that this entire plant chiefs, in working to solve the human equations; working to furnish promptly likely to become the victims of dema­ is built on skids. It may be mounted on a gogues. flat car, in the hold of a ship, or even competent men in all the branches under our jurisdiction; to avoid, when possible, skidded over rough country, where it is German Unions Were Strong impossible to run a truck or trailer. and, when impossible, to iron out misun­ The particular plant pictured here was derstandings that may creep in; to con­ When an examination is made of the designed primarily' for the needs of a tinue to carry out the successful and position of German labor before Hitler­ picture being made on an island off the co-operative arrangements between the ism it is evident that labor in America coast of Southern California, where other producers and the International, that has no reason to feel that it could retain source of power was not available. have been in effect since 1926; to, in its strength under Fascism. Under the An interesting side-light on some of short, serve effectively this huge industry German republic labor occupied a strong the problems to be met peculiar to the and the men engaged in it. position, it had won advances that Amer­ motion picture industry is the develop­ ican labor has not yet achieved. The ment of the means of muffiing the sound FROZEN PRICES-AND THE WAY research offices of the trade unions, their naturally (2manating from this plant OUT statistical bureaus on unemployment when in operation. Special muffiers were and all other problems concerning labor, designed to eliminate certain sounds be­ (Continued from page 241) werp so admirably run :;\nd so reliable low the threshold of audibility. While of controls leaves the investors, the work­ that the state could not do without them not apparent to the ear, such sounds can ers, and the consumers with great and and the trade unions were the accepted overload the sound-recording system, basic interests in industrial activity but authority for the statistics on which the causing distortion. with a minimum of control over it. government labor policies were based. Without development of equipment "In that major part of industry which Financially the unions were strong. such as this by the electrical departments is dominated by modern corporations, Each year the national federations paid 270 The .]rmrnnl ()f Electrical Workers and Operatof8 June, 1 [).')5

out hundreds of millions of marks, most­ Liverpool where the price of wheat is deter­ Considering the numerous official deductions, ly in sick, relief, and other benefits to mined for the world. It is 199 marks per ton and the considerable rise in the cost of liv­ their members. Industrial collective in Germany. Butter, which costs 7H marks ing, it is said that the real wage level has bargaining was well organized through per 200 weight in Copenhagen, is 254 marks declined 21.5 per cent from January, 1933, to for the same quantity in Germany. spring, 19:~4, under Nazi rule. During this factory councils and factory wage com­ Unemployment figures are difficult to un­ period prices for fats increased 170 per cent, missions. In addition to the strike as a tangle, as official reports cannot be relied margarine 182 per cent, eggs 39.3 per cent, weapon of compulsion against employers upon. The booklet speaks of the "gigantic potatoes 100 per cent. the German trade unions had the labor juggling of employment figures," declaring What has happened in Germany is typical court, in which their representatives that "not only have the figures been falsified, of what happens to labor under Fascist were seated and were recognized by the but millions of workers have been purposely domination. Studies of conditions in Italy government in labor disputes. In social dropped from the Nazi reports." These for­ and Austria bear out this conclusion. In legislation they had won a social insur­ gotten men and women of Germany have been Italy the agricultural worker receives about ance system that embraced all phases of buried in the concentration camps, the pris­ $2 or $2.50 per week, the lowest of any im­ ons, the labor and military training camps portant country in Europe, due to the policies employment, sickness, invalidism, acci­ and other Nazi devices. And of the employed, of Mussolini, who declared in a public speech dent, old age and death, as well as un­ a great part is really engaged in forced labor that "fortunately the Italian people are not employment insurance. They had laws and another part is working only part time yet used to eating three times a day." The for the protection of women in industry while reported in official statistics as working destruction of trade unions is necessary to and enforced a ban on child labor. full time. establish the power of Fascist dictatorship, How the powerful and militant trade3 One index regarded as reliable, the Sick­ which these agencies of free workers will unions were so thoroughly destroyed that ness Insurance Fund, under which all Ger­ oppose as long as they are able to fight-and they now occupy a position like that of man workers earning less than 3,600 marks when they are gone the whole body of work­ per year must be insured, shows a figure of ers may be engulfed in virtual serfdom. the weakest company union-how their 3,100,000 less persons employed in the sum­ leaders were imprisoned and their posts mer of 1934 than in the summer of 1929. By filled by Nazi spoilsmen, their funds im­ various reckonings the American bulletin pounded by the Nazi treasury, their pub­ arrives at a figure of approximately 6,000,- VEST CHAIN SUDE CHARM lications banned, their organizations and 000 unemployed, nearly one third of the em­ A watch charm so fine activities disrupted, is shown step by step ployable population. looking you"!l enjoy wearing it. Of IO-karat gold trimmed in the publication, "Labor Under Hitler." The decline in the wage level is not shown entirely by the official figures, even assuming with a circle of tiny im­ This is particularly instructive to Amer­ itation pearls, and clearly ican trade unionists because it shows the these to be correct. A wage survey published by the German Labor Front showed an aver­ displaying the I. B. E. $S methods used. age weekly wage of 26 marks (about $6.40.) W. insignia. Priced only Because of their very strength the trade unions could not be allowed to sur­ vive under a Fascist regime. That every powerful opponent, or possible opponent, must be destroyed was, and is, the Hitler idea. N ow the present German Labor PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES Front is Nazi controlled and its organi­ Application Blanks, per 100______$ .75 Ledger, loose-l.. af research, Including tabs 15.00 Arrears, Official Notice of, per 100______.50 Ledger sheets for above per 100______2.50 zation is such that the Nazis believe their Account Book, Treasurer's______1.00 Labels, Metal, per 100______2.50 hold canriot be broken. Into it have been Ballot Boxes, each______1 Labels, Paper, per 100______.30 Buttons, S. G. (medium) ______1.75 Labels, lal'ge size for house wiring, per thrown not only trade unionists but, Buttons, S. G. (small) ______1.50 100 ______.50 with the idea of disrupting any possible Buttons, R. G.______.75 Obligation Cards, double, per dozen______.25 unity, "the whole German population, Buttons, Cuff, R. G., per pair______2.50 Paper, Official Letter, per 100______.75 Button, Gold-faced Diamond Shaped____ 2.50 Rituals, extra each______.25 from the leading industrialist and busi­ Book, Minute for R. S. (small) ______2.00 Receipt Book, Applicants (300 receipts) __ 2.40 ness man down to the last non-union Book, J\linute for R. S. (large)______3.00 Receipt Book, Applicants (750 receipts) __ 4.80 Book, Day ______1.75 Receipt Book, Jllembers (300 receipts) ____ 2.40 man in the street." Then the whole con­ Bool<, Roll CalL______1.50 Receipt Book, Jllembers (750 receipts) ____ 4.80 glomerate mass was turned into a sports Carbon for receipt books______.05 Receipt Beok, JllIscellaneous (300 re- Charm, vest chain s1lde______5.00 ceipts) ______2.4(/ and holiday organization. Charters, Duplicate ______1.00 Receipt Book, JllIscellaneous (750 re- Coml,lete Local Charter OutfIL ______25.00 ceipts) ______4.80 Constitution, per 100______7.51 Receipt Beok, Overtime assessment (300 Nazi Company Unions Single Copies ______.10 receipts) ______2.40 Electrical Workers, Subscription per year 2.00 Receipt Book, Overtime assessment (750 Instead of meeting to discuss wages Emblem, Automobile ______1.50 receipts) ______4.80 and working conditions the shop or fac­ Envelopes, Official, per 100______1.00 Receipt Book, Financial Secretary's_____ .35 Gavels, each ______.ISO Receipt Book, Treasurer's______.S5 tory group, once so active and influential, Ledger, loose leaf binder, Financial Sec- Receipt Holders, each______.25 now meets with its employers present, to r .. tary's, 26 tab index______6.50 Research weekly report cards, per 100___ .50 L .. dger pages to fit above ledger, per Seal, cut of______1.00 hear a little lecture and perhaps be 100 ______1.5!) Seal ______4.00 shown a propaganda movie. Dues, how­ Ledger, Financial Secretary's, 100 pages__ 8.00 Seal (pocket) ______7.50 ever, are still collected, but despite the I..-edger, Financial Secretary's, 200 pages__ 4.50 Withdrawal Cards, with Trans. Cds., per L",lger, Financial Secretary's, 400 pages__ 8.75 ,lozen ______.50 g-reatly increased membership achieved (Extra Heavy Binding) 'Varrant Book, for R. S.______.50 by sweeping the whole population into the organization, the benefits pai!i out FOR E. W. B. A. are not one-tenth of those dispersed by Application Blanks, per 100______.75 Constitution and By-Laws, per 100______7.50 the old trade union groups. Book. Jlllnute ______1.50 Single Copies ______.10 Employers' associations have bene­ {'harters, Duplicates ______.50 Rituals, each ______.25 Reinstatement Blanks, per 100 ______.. _ .71i fited by the merging of their interests with the Nazi state-they have become more powerful and the new regime has become in many ways the servant of the industrialists. The trade union organizations are sunk METAL LABEL without a trace. But what has Fascism in Germany done to the worker's economic con­ dition? It has raised his cost of living enor­ mously. Aiming at making the country "self­ sufficient" because war is anticipated if not actually intended, Hitler has erected trade XOTE-The above articles will be sUPJ>U .. d when the requisite amount of cash accompanl ..s barriers and tariffs that have run up the the order. Otherwise the order will not be recognized. All supplies sent by U8 have postage cost of foodstuffs and other essential com­ or t'xpress charges prepaid. modities to two or three times their world price. Wheat is 69 marks per metric ton in ADDRESS, G. M. BUGNIAZET, I. S. June, 1935 The Journal of Electrical Workers and OpeTatoTs 271

'r§ LOCAL UNION OFFICIAL RECEIPTS FROM APRIL 11 TO MAY 10, 1935

L, U, NUMBERS L, n, NUMBER!! J" U, NUMBER'> I" U, NU~IRER" I" r. NUMBERS I. 0, _____ 87001 811194 42 _____ 973549 973566 108 _____ 382899 3'82942 ]76 _____ 13582 13620 278 _____ 24740 247,.4 L ____ 14430 14436 4:L ____ 386233 386250 109 _____ 32410 176_____ 523207 !)2320R 280 _____ 957961 9,,7970 1 _____ 61624 61628 43 _____ G88071 588136 109 _____ 522328 522348 177 _____ 493070 4113084 28L ____ 683282 68;{307 L ____ 133096 13310U 44-____ ll70244 970250 110 _____ 682724 682850 177 _____ 6727;;1 672790 2R4-____ 971800 97181;; L ____ ]56618 15\\624 45 _____ 235991 111-____ 915268 915275 178 _____ 19196 19200 2RIL ____ 52522 1-____ 605550 606000 45 _____ 50'8501 508509 113 _____ 27995 27996 178 _____ 505801 2S8 _____ 612886 6121112 L ____ 797251 797532 4G _____ 8U4595 894600 113 _____ 955417 9;;545" 180 _____ 48729 48733 2!l0 _____ 961043 96104!l 2 _____ 622291 622470 46 _____ 20333 29344 114-____ 235250 235255 180 _____ G60475 560fi32 20L ____ 342190 34220S 3 _____ AJ, 1-5 46 _____ 294391 294413 115 _____ 64812 18L ____ 657069 657110 293 _____ 309129 30:11:1;'\ 3 _____ AJ, 9131-9200 46 _____ 567911 568130 11G _____ 86967 86973 183 _____ 250903 250!l1:l 2!l1i _____ 918265 918274 :L ____ AJ, 9587-1013;; 48 _____ 180067 180078 116 _____ 184601 184660 184 ____ -444571 444G77 2!)('-____ 653302 653310 3 _____ AJ, 10201-108G4 48 _____ 478975 479162 116 _____ 477271 47732" 186 _____ 957811 9G7827 301-____ 274229 27 42:~() 3 _____ AJ, 11001-11373 48 _____ 518578 518645 117 _____ 238689 238720 190 _____ 519656 519684 30L ____ 290513 2!lO:)32 3 _____ AJ, 11401-11431 50 _____ 222239 222242 120 _____ 319229 319244 19L ____ 935345 93535G 303 _____ 528451 52R4(l1 3 _____ A2H, 9 50 _____ 620451 620515 12L ____ 245419 245427 193 _____ 58725 58734 304-____.530623 G31l6,,(; 3 _____ A4H, 1533-1600 5L ____ 556759 556815 12L ____ 708028 708071 Hl3 _____ 527108 527292 305 _____ 238456 238Hll 3 _____ A4H, 1662-1743 52 _____ 584423 584432 122 _____ 44779 44785 193 _____ 533401 533428 306 _____ 28251 2B2fi:i 3 _____ A4H, 1'821-1847 52 _____ 585321 5'85323 122 _____ 474686 474750 193 _____ 570721 570750 306 _____ 347614 3476HO 3 _____ A4H, 2001-2098 53 _____ 464071 464136 122 _____ 704251 704280 193 _____ 73'8001 73808[) 307 _____ 248441 24R4fiO 3 _____ A4H, 2201-2216 55 ____ -484900 484915 124-___ -466143 466178 194-____ 183281 183300 308 _____ 211381 21138" 3 _____ BJ, 1096-1136 56 _____ 502801 502817 124-____ 696091 696425 194-____ [)34901 [)3496!l 308 _____ 249118 24:114" 3 _____ BH, 86-88 56_____ 904196 904200 125 _____ 29849 29850 194-____ [)63073 563250 309 _____ 469506 46!H,87 3 _____ CJ, 425-519 57 _____ 318410 318431 125 _____ 648768 649252 194-____ 802501 802541 309 _____ 522705 5221101 3 _____ CH, 10-12 58 _____ 32131 32342 127 _____ 857557 857571 195 _____ 703520 70364[) 30!L ____ [)32651 532fl>Hl 196_____ 121544 31L ____ 3 _____ 0A, 7373-74(JO [)8 _____ 138623 138668 128 _____ 147837 147842 121546 25792 2579:1 3 _____ 0A, 7827-8146 58 ____ -431071 431215 130 _____ 145575 196 _____ 314833 314893 31L ____ 400922 400987 145576 197 _____ 522613 312 _____ 494401 3 _____ 0A, 8391-8843 58 ____ -454873 455250 130 _____ 521973 522150 522626 49443H 3 _____ 0A, 9001-9017 58 _____ 455281 455703 130 _____ 535651 203 _____ 501312 501314 312 _____ 973181 973200 535959 204-____ 237544 313 _____ 205841 3 _____ 0A, 9201-9277 5'8 _____ 667501 667512 130_____ 593318 593676 237547 20::;SH 3 _____ 0A, 9801-9854 5!L ____ 128578 128593 131-____ 234457 205 _____ 525888 525906 313 _____ 248219 2482H 234500 208 _____ 884558 318 _____ 3 _____ XG, 49002-4\)200 [)9 _____ 576396 576497 133 _____ 304056 30H05 884582 81932 3 _____ XG, 51542-51543 60 _____ 252855 252926 134-____ 209 _____ 486394 486415 318 _____ 969820 96984a 3 _____ XG, 54317 54350 31!L ____ 952301 51679-52880 60 _____ 445431 445500 134-____ 356095 3[)62[)0 210 _____ 666026 666107 95230fl 3 _____ XG, 53001-5:1143 64-____ 13541 1;)543 134-____ 356785 21L ___ -429491 429540 32L ____ 26'8651 268fl53 3 _____ XG, 357000 21L ____ 660041 321-____ 913356 53201-53287 64-___ -491981 492130 134-____ 357638 357750 660080 913400 3 _____ XG, 53401-53478 64-____ 590342 212 _____ 18475 18586 322 _____ 958887 95888!l 590397 134 _____ 3[)9664 360000 323 _____ 4-____ 254151 254158 65 _____ 678381 678543 134-____ 363210 212 _____ 203244 203250 2790 .2802 5 ____ -428810 36318,1 212 _____ 685501 323 ____ -400188 428883 66 _____ 3214[)8 321484 134-____ 363902 364141 685721 4003118 5 _____ 587481 587534 66 _____ 650761 651100 134 _____ 366595 213 _____ 46951 47113 324-____ 200022 6 _____ 141974 366750 213 _____ 324-____ 698261 142005 67 _____ 522901 522920 134 _____ 367386 367500 47801 47900 69821

L. r. !\V)IBf:II~ 1.. P. !\VM8.:It~ L. C. X (DI8t:ItH L. C. XVMBt:ItS fi48 _____ 6:!1219 621224 G84 _____ 500141 501)1:i~ 8,,4.. ____ 722170 7~21!l7 RO~,Il. 83(J1, 8r.1:!, 4R!l170 fiI9 _____ 1183" 11836 G8:i _____ 63381R fi3:\841 f..5;j _____ 2:Ua.;!)!) 236700 S~,S:!, S.34, S7!l4. ~44!lHS r,49 _____ 5a0686 5:;07:;~~ 686 _____ 42907!l 4:!!l094 8",, _____ ":!2001 ;,220~() ..XI;, 4!l02!l, 490ii4. 6:17582 5ij1 _____ 66536 66fi38 1187 _____ 182401 S56 _____ 4IiS!l3:! 4tiSV37 4BU.5, 4!l083. 491:12. 621l":{S ~:;2_____ OJS4G 0:;8;)f; 687 _____ 271952 271!l,,~ S~~-----~?S:~~~ 41)S:J81 4B13;" 49140, li~'H3, 501!l!l4 5fi3 _____ 226!l19 226!l43 687 _____ 2;;2347 252359 8." _____ h20hS., (j~0Ii!l8 fi2(;2U. 858 _____ 4878i1 liROS:W fiij4 _____ 8!l8360 898~8!l 6!l3 _____ ~080fl6 4S7!I:H !l -ta!l:17:l. H1S:;40 ;,;,7 _____ !l427!l9 !l4:!80S !l!l3 _____ fl03101 ii03113 81i~ _____ 247(1:!S ~470(;() 1~ - 1B:117R. 14!l:n:\ ,,"8 _____ 28:;3:;3 2R537!l !l93 _____ R96998 8!l7000 8t;3 ____ -480Iili7 4BOliTT 1 t~--55!1!l03-!l06. 17:!s10 ;;ijS ______492f1~1l 4930~!l 6f1-L ____ 134211 1~42:i0 StiL ____ ij4!1!131i 54!l!l!)() !.!;; -·riH2HBl. n!!nS!)O fi:i!l .. ____ RIlORij R61no 6fl-L ____ 673:;01 673ii22 8flii _____ 40~41" 402:;01 ~8--]0071. 10142, 17~:lIiO 4~7jl0, ,,;;!l _____ 7n6ijOl 706,,0~ n!l:i _____ 2414:!H 241454 Sti!l ____ -441:;1i1 44151;2 , , ,. 8(;4, 2aOH7fj 870 _____ 4:!~411~ ;,Ill _____ flIl7~:! 667~R !l!l7 _____ fiVl2fl iil:12:\ 42!!4a:~ 4";!I!I~H, !l4ti. 4!l0~68. S.:I _____ lIi4104 41107 ;,lll _____ fl~I!lO!l fl3"Ofl2 6fl7 _____ 524777 524860 :1,,- -4I!Hllll, ti18. 4~7iO:\ R73 _____ Hfm:.;;n n6~ _____ n20646 !~~OG:;:; 691.. ____ 604753 604820 909:;71 411- -1~,S!14:J, tm42ii8. R7B _____ 4 ,'\:: HH70!!R 4S!l()21 ;;SO _____ !lIilf1fl!l 711..____ 52;;3 !)2:iR 901.. ____ 263444 2fl3461 104 ;':{S;;~8, 558, 62:!. ~~11l00 9619!l3 ;,R~ _____ 24!l460 711.. ____ 343469 V01.. ____ ()68934 !lIiR988 107 -~38911. 4!HHI2:i 34~;;00 ()02 ____ -49870l 121-24G42u. ;,R~ _____ 4fl809fl 4fl81~2 711 _____ 6()7fi01 G!)7f.62 4!l87[;3 :.I()~4ij 903 _____ 274653 130-ii2~125, ,,35804, ROB, :'R~ _____ 49!l2flO 499277 712 _____ 583574 ii8~ij!l0 1!l:.l4"!l 714 _____ 657fi14 6fj7!)2R !l03 ____ -4!l0209 49022~ 871, 889, 593441, !l45460 ;,84 _____ 434109 4~4187 !l06 _____ 491701 ;,R4 ____ .. fl47R,,8 647437 71t) _____ 2t1~r,1 26i)!'i3 491708 500. ~4fi700 ;,8fi _____ 246:;7!l 246flOO 716 _____ 28!l877 2'R9R9ii 912_____ 6200 6217 131-2344::;8, 462-463, :.I7!l417 7HL ____ 601!l11 912 _____ "94166 5!l4297 4G!l. 7282!l8 :.R,, _____ fl~flRfl8 6Rfl!lfl~ G02090 91L ____ 37886fi 1,,0 -fl8404 7. :.R8 _____ ~R4R61 RR4Rfl9 717 _____ 9871 !l874 378882 !l14046 717 _____ 22R2RR V15_____ 7fl010 76011 16&-21:m44, M8. n9;;1l0 :.8f1 _____ R69712 3fl97:;0 22:l~4R 918 _____ 221570 nsn _____ fi02:;Ol n02fl3!J 71() _____ 55367!l 5,,3724 17&-523207. 40013 :.!l0 _____ 9,,0!l02 9ij0911 722 _____ 550044 550050 !l18 _____ 230284 230321 193-519762. 8fl32!l0 919 _____ ()23160 19~563185. :.91 _____ 9ij~6ij9 9ijR67:; 723 _____ 221481 1)23165 340677 922 _____ 374324 217 -252970. :'9~ _____ 624810 624R17 723 _____ 6361111 6~624;; 374341 724.. ____ 496684 928 _____ 1fi~820 163821 233-37573!l. 241021 :.9ij_____ 4:;!l87 4fi!l88 4!l6714 5!l:; _____ 158671 158672 724.. ____ 6667!l0 666R,,2 928 _____ 518748 518763 246-!l67669, 692. 2;'0667 72R _____ !l01l13 !l37 _____ 672!iO~ 672fi24 263-23ii718. !lr;2!l!l4 59ij _____ 6!l!l037 6!l91!l!l ()01l2ii 5!l8 _____ 4!l0501 4!l0509 72!l _____ 6226R1 fl226!l3 940 _____ 22Ii883 225900 321-91335!l. !l10759 7:l0 _____ 274()7B 274!l81 940 _____ 510001 510008 326--4182S4. 600 _____ !l30666 !l30671 !l48 _____ 3167S 601 _____ 546689 546716 7:l0 ____ -44370R 44~704 31679 34!l-::;2"737. 481!l75 730 ____ -4!l0808 4!lOR2;, 948 _____ 520102 ,,20105 377-132244. 602 _____ 20870 20871 948 _____ 5fl1S47 397-4·8(J157. 602 _____ fi18411 5184~0 73L ___ ..4R40fl() 4R40'8S 561878 2~4047 7:l2 _____ 244341 !l49 _____ 6952fi1 695256 400-244982. 4287;'1 607 _____ 229883 229904 244371 610 _____ 487254 487296 7:l4.. ____ 665324 f;flf)46R 949 _____ 941398 941400 408--;;26844. 616040 7:l;; _____ 66346fl 1i6:l4 73 !l53 _____ 912846 912858 41ii--()36"ii2. 8114683 613 _____ 44071 440!l0 9fi6 _____ 83917 426-!lij13()6. 613 _____ 237301 237314 736 _____ 967322 !l67333 83922 466461 743 _____ 5910fl1 5!l1094 958 _____ 242724 242727 430-4!1()607. 4803!l8 613 _____ 661521 661890 963 _____ 313638 488-~54!l15!l, 161-162, 615 _____ 239823 239840 745 _____ 163504 1611ii05 313647 U66450 745 _____ ,,01017 ,,010R2 970 _____ 2~Rfi43 233566 180. 250230 617 _____ 50410 (ori.<;inaJ) 4!l4-17606. 617 _____ 7()ij568 795586 748 _____ 227332 22734R 970 _____ 253661 247800 7fi7 _____ 946167 !l46183 978 _____ 74676 74678 501-440844, 441080, 12:J, 669040 618 _____ 282487 282494 540!l44, 94!l, 9[)2. 618 _____ 480122 480145 7fi8 _____ 27023!l 991.. ____ 914G30 914631) 9415!l8 75R _____ 5178R8 517()39 995 _____ 483809 4838";0 50!l-66()374. !l47032 619 _____ 482165 482171 ;'10-ii8201. 621 _____ 921421 921436 760 _____ 25849~ 2ii84!l9 ()96_____ 6,,287 65297 4!l5734 (Ori.!;inail ]002 _____ 52902fi 529066 52R-474970. 248757 623 _____ 869215 869246 554-89836S. 62!l _____ 2567!l3 256826 760 _____ 542724 542R16 1024..____ 82"fi9 82570 34437 762_____ 9007 9010 102L ____ 54S438 548491 567~~541777. 575!l43 6RO _____ 948207 948222 ;'83-468114. 631 _____ 24528!l 245317 762 _____ 968258 !l68277 1025 _____ 649649 6496,,3 4!l8!l2!l 763 _____ 521101 fi2111ij 1029 _____ 906207 906218 610--487281-290. 632 _____ 50!l101 50910~ 763 _____ 9593R2 !l;;9400 10:l2 _____ 932S71 623-'-:R69217. 63~ _____ 925463 92:',,00 932877 610012 764 _____ 227931 2~7!l52 1036 _____ 2368"0 23686" 646-47H7!l. 31394 63~ _____ 24012~ 240147 6"7-!l621!l7-198. 634.. ____ 254281 770 _____ 380020 3R0122 1037 ____ -404"71 404660 549192 772 _____ 702492 702496 1047 _____ 664"06 664:;3fi 660-Sfi03, 92484!l. fi43266 634 _____ 958616 658628 677-875124. 637 _____ 244040 244041 774 _____ 242363 242400 10;,L ____ 234686 234693 896537 774 _____ 50"201 505223 1057 _____ 482742 4827,,8 6R7-1R2401. 17634 640_____ 33443 6!l7-524815, 828, 855, 640 _____ 621166 777 _____ 215267 1072 _____ 8,,9016 859021 182195 621209 777 _____ 2424fiR 242ii04 1086_____ 216';6 604753. 6472ijO 643 _____ !l61698 !l61709 21687 707-!l70661-679. 644.. ____ 482508 777 _____ 215267 215269 1091.. ____ 519!l15 519937 204fi93 482527 77!l _____ 249R81 249411 109''-____ 20745'' 724-6667()O, 812. 176741 646 _____ 47678 47688 748--227121. 331,2416!l7. 647 _____ !l72042 779 _____ 263;;53 2635;'5 1095 _____ "32379 532406 972048 782 _____ 930126 930131 1101.. ____ 940702 940712 763-959386, 395. 489796 649 _____ 226088 2260n 784-____ 223675 774-242366. 649 _____ 329076 1108 _____ 81S8S 8189~ 329125 784 _____ 468231 468258 1118 _____ ()6fi212 96';230 794-632664. 678. 563820 6:;0 _____ 2ij3929 2,,3962 787 _____ 964294 !l64R14 811-64756-64757. 650 _____ 281576 1131.. ____ !l4!l9Hi ()49922 !l4727 281fi78 792 _____ 919473 91!l4R2 1135 _____ 973!l2~ 824-2117717. 6;;6 _____ 9649n 96ii010 973939 R70-4224R3. 4411fiO 7!l4_____ 3!l767 39770 1141.. ____ ~402R2 3403RO 541135 657 _____ 21;7262 2;;726~ 7f14 _____ 175662 17566fl ()Ofi-491706. 657 _____ 962204 1141.. ___ -43:;083 43"lii4 !l62211 794 _____ 6325r,0 632flR3 114L ____ 8159fl 81flOO !l12-fi()4212, 297. .88;'487 6fi8_____ 39588 39ij9fi 798 _____ 595;;72 59fifi8" 1144 _____ 503701 1)03709 !l70-2~~"64. 814008 660_____ 8501 8505 801 _____ 969423 9fl9473 !l!lfi-~flr;2S7. 660 _____ 924836 1147 _____ 68Sr,21 688fiflO 668297 9248Mi 802 _____ 237087 237094 1154_____ 46!l2 4693 10:lfl-2:lflRG2. 421612 660 _____ 1!l2819 192822 ·80!l _____ 485446 4854fi6 1141-340284. 309, 43512R. 661.. ____ 240433 1154.. ____ !l6:J7!lS 9fl381ij 66!l37fi 240-145 810 _____ 275568 27fi57R 1156 _____ 416617 416676 3;;299 663 _____ 159:;08 159600 810 _____ 491415 4!l1427 PREVIOUSLY LISTED 762430 663 _____ 186001 186006 811 _____ 647;;3 G47,,9 IIIISSING MISSING-RECEIVED 631875 663 _____ 466366 466405 813 _____ 9304fl7 !l30478 ;;1!l033 663 _____ 481371 481408 817 _____ 127921 127!l2R 151-4772';. 664.. ____ 83419 1-1330R9-094. 9ij9!l05 83423 R17 _____ 5833;;9 583,,00 193-738081-0R4. !l-61!l~73. 6114.. ____ 97012" 970197 817 _____ 7072ij1 70736" 212-1Rr.14-18570. 214-,,3771 !l-737. 236-93791fi. 21;'900 665_____ 55916 5,,924 81!l _____ R92471 R!l2482 2~6 -937f102-!l03, 90n, 966600 6fl:; _____ 282369 282397 R20 _____ 144'R17 144R21 307-24844;'. !l08-fl09. 9!r,77;, 66ij _____ 470200 470203 S24 _____ 2R7707 2R7720 34!l-609fJ45-fi48. 3!l4-9744fi4. 44,,80 66IL ____ 4R1,,8~ 481594 8~1 _____ 165001 1fl5080 577-573Rfl. 669 _____ 241977 595-1,,8664. 617-7!lr.fi41-fi';/). fi74!l92 241983 RR~ _____ 4!l2601 492620 657--9621!l7-19R. 47!lfl2 67L ____ n7778 2377RO 8R5 _____ 225!lR7 226000 698-244!lflS. !l12-5!l42R1-2!lij. 4R:;n8 67L ___ ..4!l1709 49472!l 838 _____ 208~70 (Oric:inall BLANK !lfl:lfll~ 67~ _____ (H1~4RG 6631!l4 RR8 _____ R!l414:; ~~1"4 !)o:):;~., 676 _____ 8~3~1 VOID 8~331l R40 _____ !l7147~ !l71481 21l--427!lRO-9S3. 2:;14S" 677.. ____ 20160 842 _____ 112,,067 1l2;;073 1l77 _____ R7ii072 43-3862~4. 1!l11S 87"lRO R44 _____ 2~412;; 2~41111 3-AJ. 9] S2. 9647, 4('.--568130. 497442 117S _____ .2419S2 2419RI1 844 _____ 21151187 265703 !l652. 97:l0. !l734, 82-396668-670. 2:)110;; 117R ______227:;74 227ii91 R46 _____ 27fl17S !l910. 10040. 10375, 164-fi76;,08-51O, 406860. 900600 679 _____ !l;,5fifi2 95;;;;!)~ R46 _____ 492312 4!l2318 106R~, ] Oll!l:l. 11080. 211-6G0077-080. 6S0 _____ 144660 144661 R48 _____ 242578 1l~07, llR25. 11362. 6RO _____ ()ii7082 269--fi8961fl..620. ri47S0-l Vii70!l1 R4R _____ 66075" 660771 ~--A4H, 1"ii1, 1697. 380-49~207. 4!lri920 118:L ____ 16690 RfiO _____ 746417 746419 3--0A. iR73. iR82 465-466435. 9:;2800 683 _____ 243843 243882 831 _____ 931055 931061 7894, 7!J78, 79!l!l: 660-1!l2747-750. Time for some more fishing stories and we Uh, ye.q; he)'c is a fishing story and it is a Though in past years of work with brain or don't care how whopping yOlt make them. Had good Olle, thollgh you fellows are not the pen, onc from Walter Hendrick and he must have first olles it happened to: Once he despised overalls on men. got aRhamed of himself for he wrote us to Today they stand, friends side by side hold it out, but we are going to print it pretty Marking the Spot To battle for living to all denied; soon if he doesn't write and tell us why not. Both idle with hunger, nothing ahead, It happened as the last few days of the No money to buy food, some not even bread, . ... . fishing season were drawing to a close. A While children cry for something to eat, bunch of Brothers from L. U. No. 481 were Clothes all in rags, shoeless the feet. spending the week-end fishing in Lake Free­ Familiar Faces on the Job Overalls, white collars-forced to one side, man. Slim Thomas and Ted Brennan were Together as brothers on depression's tide There was Reilly and Butler and Handratty, in one boat and had fished all day with fair Suffering and waiting, the ebb to be ended too, success and just as dark was falling it seemed The flow to resume, contentment be rendered. These brave men made up the electric crew. that all the fish in the lake took a fancy to To cast on the waters they have not the bread Slim's and Ted's bait. It got too dark to fish There was Billito and Smitty and Joe Corley, But hope on the turn to find depression so Slim said, "Ted, mark this place so we can too, stark dead. These men of valor are the pipe gallery crew. find it in the morning." White collared, overalled-all waiting for Now Corley and Reilly at cards would see-saw. Ted, feeling rosy with the world, said, Prosperity's flow to contentment's shore. "Okey doke, I marked her." They rowed Old Brother Reilly, some shakes on the draw, back to camp and just as they were pulling Forgot that "Bad Eye" Joe Curley was a WILLIAM T. WURM, in toward shore Slim again said, "Ted, did L. U. No.3. lightning south-paw. you mark that place?" Ted said, "Sure. I So the fight grew quite hot and both of 'em . .. . marked her, right here on the side of the shot. boat." Dreams Now there was no victor for both died on the "Well, of all the dumb stunts," said Slim, spot. with other language which we will not in­ Flowers now are plentiful There was Brooks and Turner and McCarthy, clude, "We might not get this same boat To decorate our home, too- tomorro\v." And carpet all the wooded paths, These men made up the re-oiling crew. GREENE, L. U. No. 481. No matter where we roam. There was me and Bob Johnson and Johnny Fitzmaurice- * * * Nature must give us these buds The latter with face not designed for a To brighten a saddened mind, chorus. A be Glick, having heen unable to go out And places them in our gardens Brooks had a reputation he held with some on thp picket line with L. U. No.3 recently, Where they're not hard to find. pride, presents tid" poem as amends, and we like to Of never letting himself to be guyed; think it is at lra,~t partly inspil'ed by the fine They have all a pleasing fragrance And Brooks, so it seems, had some common portrait of "Thr Striker" used as frontis­ That is added to their splendor, complaint, piecc in the JounNAL ?'ecently: To repay us for our service And against all Hebrews he was laying a That in this life we render. taint. The Picket Sentry When he had finished, having said all he Dame Nature gave us all these things knew, Prompt~d by a most ardent ambition, He strides steadily, speedily ahead, That we should feel content, We slyly informed him that Fitz was a Jew! And forget some of the little things Di~playing signs that announce his mission­ When told this lie, Brooks looked like he'd We term as life's torment. cry, To safeguard the ~ource of his daily bread. But if truth were known, he wished he could The elements' severe outburst of force It's true that life has ups and downs fly! And each day brings its sorrow, Cannot hinder nor diminish his vim, A. W. BOYD, But think of the beautiful things in life For his I'oal i~ noble, rig-hteous his cause, L. U. No.9. And try to smile tomorrow...... To fight for what justly belongs to him! Now you may think that life is tough 'Vhen a despised "scab" shamelessly crawls Ohm, Sweet Ohm! And everything is wrong, by, But don't break out in sorrow, The handsome young woman was ushered Boldly ready his vacant job to fill, Instead break out in song. into lIIrs. Biltmore's luxurious drawing room He keeps calm, although his heart rends to and a few minutes later that formidable cry, You may have troubles many dowager herself majestically entered. And tries with brave efforts his scorn to And kind words hear but few­ "How do you do?" said :\frs. Biltmore, mo­ still. tioning the other to a seat. "I presume you Don't blame it on the other guy, The trouble may be you. are familiar with alternating and direct cur­ And when the day of re('koning'll arrive, rent switchboards, rheostat control, trans­ He'll rejoi('e with the cause he had Why, even the lowly little flower, former and dynamo construction? Also, I cherished, Whose days of life are few, hope you fully understand armature winding For his ideal~ are "ure to survive, Holds its head up very high, and wire splicing?" While that faithless "erpent shall have As though to beckon you. The young woman nodded assent. perished! "You can make minor repairs to a gen­ ABE GLICK, If we were like that little flower erator, and, of course, have had experience L. U. No.3. with thermostatic controls and the opera­ And spread happiness as we go, tion of magnetos?" * * * How different this old world would be! "Certainly, madam." For White Collars and Overalls Troubles then we'd never know. "Are you thoroughly versed in electro­ magnetics and insulation technique?" Depression's still here ane! it still does depress Our life is but a garden "I am." Those willing workers to idleness; And we are nature's plants, "Well, I think you'll do. My last cook blew To many a one it brings the tears, And if a smile makes life beautiful out fuses every time she attempted to cook Loss of all savings of past gone years. We can well afford that chance. a meal or do the wash." There's not one today who of work is afraid, No white collar man who won't pick up a THE DUKE OF TOLEDO, HARRY ARMSTRONG, L. U. No.3. spade- L. U. No. 245. HE TRUE OUTCOME OF HISTORY IS TO T BE FOUND NOT IN PARTICULAR IN­ STITUTIONS, BUT IN "THE INWARD POSSESSIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF MAN­ KIND-RELIGION, ART, LITERATURE, SCI­ ENCE, MUSIC, PHILOSOPHY - BUT, ABOVE ALL, THE EVER WIDENING AND DEEPENING COMMUNION OF HUMAN MINDS AND SOULS WITH EACH OTHER." THE CHIEF CREATORS OF THIS RESULT ARE TO BE FOUND IN THE WHOLE BODY OF THE PEOPLE; IN THE RE­ FORMERS, THE ARTISTS, THE SCIENTISTS, THE SCHOLARS, THE INVENTORS.

-ABBOTT PAYSON USHER AND GEORGE UNWIN.