The Common Social Accountability Platform

Deploying the Common Social Accountability Platform to inform the 2020 World Bank Performance and Learning Review

January 2020

Africa’s Voices Project Team: Africa’s Voices Project Team: Anna Tomson (Governance & Accountability Senior Programme Manager), Khadija Mohamed (Programme Ofcer), Nasri Ali (Programme Ofcer), Zakaria Sheikh (Research Assistant), Alexander Simpson (Software Engineer), Lucas Malla (Senior Quantitative Researcher), and Samuel Kimeu (Executive Director).

© 2019 Africa’s Voices Foundation Ltd Africa’s Voices Foundation

Africa’s Voices Foundation

Kenya Riverside Suites, Riverside Lane, Nairobi

UK Centre for Global Equality, 8C King’s Parade CB2 1SP Cambridge africasvoices.org @africas_voices

This report was written by Anna Tomson, Senior Programme Manager, Governance & Accountability and Khadija Hussein at Africa’s Voices Foundation

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List of acronyms 4

1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Context 5 1.2 Project Objectives 5 1.3 The Common Social Accountability Platform 6 1.4 AVF’s Interactive Radio Method 6

2. Methodology 8 2.1 Building inclusive community engagement at scale 8 2.2 Gathering insight on public opinion 10 2.3 Limitations of the methodology 10

3. Engagement 11 3.1 Content of the radio dialogue 11 3.2 Who participated in the dialogue 11

4. Insights into citizen perspectives 14 4.1 Citizen priorities for development 14 4.2 Citizen access to decision making and grievance mechanisms 21

ANNEX 1: List of radio stations 26

ANNEX 2: Thick description 27

ANNEX 3: Radio transcript 28

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List of acronyms

AAP - Accountability to Afected Populations AVF - Africa’s Voices Foundation CPF - Country Partnership Framework CSAP - Common Social Accountability Platform FGDs - Focus Group Discussions FGS - Federal Government of Somalia FMS - Federal Member States HNO - Humanitarian Needs Overview IASC - Inter-Agency Standing Committee IDPs - Internally Displaced People PLR - Performance and Learning Review PSA - Public Service Announcement SMS - Short Message Service WBG - World Bank Group

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Context

In September 2018, the World Bank Group’s (WBG) Board of Directors endorsed the frst four-year Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Somalia, the country’s frst development strategy since the early 1990s. The CPF 2019-22 focuses on the Federal Government of Somalia’s (FGS) goal to expand service delivery, build resilience to climatic shocks, and boost economic opportunities. This development veers away from a Multi-Donor Partner Fund model and represents a major change in the fnancial relationship between WBG and the Federal Government of Somalia. Accordingly, the Bank has been conducting a Performance and Learning Review (PLR) to update its 2018 country strategy. As required by the PLR framework, the Bank has been holding consultations with various stakeholder groups, including the citizens of Somalia, to ensure their voices are heard and taken into consideration in any adjustments.

The importance of citizen consultation at this crucial juncture cannot be overstated. If Somalia is to develop the kind of citizen-authority relations that can underpin a strong, stable and productive social contract, then engagement with and accountability to citizens in the formulation of development priorities is an essential building block. Equally, opacity in how domestic political elites together with foreign and international powers channel, access, organise and distribute resources can readily fuel distrust and feed into the counter-narratives of political entities seeking to destabilise progress in the country.

To this end, the WBG commissioned Africa’s Voices Foundation (AVF) to host a series of interactive radio consultations aimed at ensuring that citizen voice is embedded in the PLR process.

1.2 Project Objectives

A recognition that Accountability to Afected Populations (AAP) must be mainstreamed in aid processes is gaining momentum both globally and in Somalia. The 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) outlines the need to expand and deepen AAP initiatives and specifcally commends Africa’s Voices’ interactive radio method as an efective way to practice AAP1. This parallels the global momentum exemplifed by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Task force on AAP/Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse2 and the Grand Bargain promise of a “participation revolution”3.

This project capitalises on this momentum to support AAP eforts in the Somali aid landscape, and will be a resource to inform WBG planning for investment priorities in Somalia in the coming year.

1 OCHA Somalia (2018), Humanitarian Needs Overview 2019 2 IASC Commitments on accountability to afected people and protection from sexual exploitation and abuse, 2017, (online at: https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/fles/iasc_caap_endorsed_nov_2017.pdf , last accessed: 11 February 2019) 3 The Grand Bargain - A shared commitment to better serve people in need, 2016 (online at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/Grand_Bargain_fnal_22_May_FINAL-2.pdf, last accessed 20 September 2018)

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OVERALL OBJECTIVE: To improve the legitimacy and efectiveness of development fnance in Somalia by ensuring that citizens are meaningfully consulted and their voice, agency and infuence duly incorporated in Somalia’s development and governance strategy and planning processes.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. Build large, inclusive and valued spaces for consulting citizens on the country’s development priorities for the coming years and that allow citizens to feel infuential in decision-making; 2. Ensure that WBG decision-making on revisions to its country’s strategy is shaped by a timely and robust evidence base on citizen perspectives; 3. Strengthen citizen-authority relations in development planning, by supporting the government to engage citizens in dialogue on key decisions.

1.3 The Common Social Accountability Platform

“Social accountability” refers to a form of civic engagement that builds accountability through the collective eforts of citizens and civil society organizations to hold public ofcials, service providers and governments to account for their obligations with responsive eforts.4 Alongside strengthening civic engagement and amplifying ‘citizen voice’, social accountability initiatives aim to increase the transparency of governance in many arenas, ranging from local service delivery to national processes of development policy formulation.5

In response to the clear need for spaces in which citizen voices can be listened and responded to by both government and aid decision makers, Africa’s Voices launched the Common Social Accountability Platform (CSAP) in Somalia in 2018. CSAP’s objective is to enhance the inclusion of citizens in decision-making across peace-building, humanitarian interventions and development programmes. By leveraging Africa’s Voices’ interactive radio method for nurturing dialogue and gathering public opinion, the platform aims to build a sustained channel for open conversation between citizens and decision-makers, across sectors and mandates. CSAP uses a combination of radio programming and SMS messaging to create a platform that Somali citizens actively engage in, whilst simultaneously allowing for feedback received from citizen SMS messages to be robustly analysed, understood and ideally, acted upon. AVF’s approach allows for two types of critical insight:

1. Rich qualitative understanding of citizen perspectives; 2. Quantitative understanding of the prevalence of perspectives and how these vary by demographic group.

This can fll evidence gaps on citizen perspectives so as to make governments’ decision-making more accountable, responsive and grounded in the voices of citizens. Insights delivered from AVF’s analysis of citizen perspectives will be specifcally targeted to inform the WBG’ PLR, with the specifc aim of informing priority areas for development programmes in Somalia.

1.4 AVF’s Interactive Radio Method

CSAP is built on AVF’s interactive radio method. This method provides a new layer of community engagement and social accountability programming in Somalia and works in complementarity with other approaches to build dialogue and ensure citizens are able to inform decision-making. The

4 Houtzager, P. and A. Joshi (2008). Introduction: Contours of a research project and early fndings. IDS Bulletin 38 (6), p. 1-9. 5 Gaventa, J. and G. Barrett (2010). So What Diference Does it Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement. IDS Working Paper No. 347. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.

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interactive radio approach is designed to leverage the vibrant media and telecommunications landscape that has emerged in sub-Saharan Africa to build large-scale, cost-efective and inclusive conversations6. Somalia presents an opportunity for innovative media engagement as 89% of people own a SIM card7 and 70% of people listen to FM radio on a weekly basis in the city. Interactive radio projects can build on this landscape to efectively implement radio show debates with key decision-makers. Audiences drive the discussion by inputting their perspectives through SMS to a toll-free shortcode. By connecting citizens with each other and with decision-makers in this way, AVF’s interactive radio method can overcome some of the barriers of cost, infrastructure, and security that traditional survey methodologies often face, without losing the scope for rich and sustained citizen-authority interactions. In addition, engaging through SMS and radio allows citizens who are traditionally excluded from public discussion spaces, such as women, youth and IDPs, to have a voice in decision-making processes.

Moreover, by convening citizens in large-scale discussions, the interactive radio method allows for the gathering of public opinion in a way that combines the richness of on-the-ground qualitative approaches with the scale and some of the quantitative value of perception surveys.8 Through a specifc set of techniques, AVF analyses messages gathered in response to interactive radio to generate evidence on public opinion on critical issues that can be used by decision-makers to ensure their programming and policy is responsive and accountable to citizens. This combined method of digital dialogue and opinion research can be deployed as a key piece in support of efective durable solutions programming in Somalia.

All CSAP shows in Somalia are aired under the ”Hage” radio show brand, meaning “guidance” in Somali. This is an existing radio debate programme, launched by AVF in Mogadishu in partnership with Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat. The use of “Hage” ensures that the project is part of building a sustained platform for engagement, allowing AVF to connect citizens with decision-makers across topics and sectors in Somalia.

6 USAID (2017), Somalia Perceptions Survey, Part 1: The Emerging Federal States, Puntland and Mogadishu. 7 World Bank, Mobile Money Ecosystem in Somalia (online at https://bit.ly/2Yf4eWU) 8 S. Srinivasan & C. A. Lopes, (2016) ‘ Africa’s Voices Versus Big Data? The Value of Citizen Engagement Through Interactive Radio’, in Voice & Matter, Communication, Development and the Cultural Return, O. Hemer and T. Tufte (eds.) NORDICOM.

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2. Methodology

CSAP is designed around two pillars, both based on interactive radio:

1. Building inclusive dialogue at scale; 2. Gathering insight on public opinion to inform decision-making.

Figure 1: CSAP Methodology

2.1 Building inclusive community engagement at scale

WBG and AVF structured the citizen consultations around two pillars of inquiry which resulted in the engagement cycle being split into two phases. The frst utilised the interactive radio methodology to stimulate public discussion on citizen priorities for development. Ten days of Public Service Announcements (PSAs) were broadcast culminating in one interactive radio show. The second phase focused on citizens’ access to decision-making and grievance mechanisms. Following the radio show, two follow-up SMS messages were sent to everyone who has participated in the radio dialogue. At the end of the engagement cycle a fnal evaluation question was sent, also SMS, designed to

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evaluate listeners' experience of participating in the radio dialogue. Figure 2 illustrates the structure of the engagement cycle.

Figure 2: Timeline of engagement cycle

The radio consultation and follow-up questions were designed in collaboration with the World Bank and representatives from the Somali Federal Ministry of Finance, and were open-ended to provoke lively and plural discussion in an engaging and accessible way. The questions were tested in a series of focus group discussions (FGDs) in Mogadishu to evaluate how easily audiences could understand the phrasing. The full communications fow, including the consent and socio-demographic questions is outlined in Table 1.

Table 1: SMS communications fow Radio show Consent Socio-demographic Follow up SMS Final survey evaluation What are two Thanks. We'd like to DISTRICT [ASK ALL] QUESTION 1: Did this priorities that use your answers In which district do Who is consultation would improve for research on you currently live? responsible for process your community’s development making make you welfare in the priorities and want GENDER [ASK ALL] important feel that you next three years? to ask a few more What is your gender? decisions in your have a voice questions. Please reply with community? in MALE or FEMALE decision-ma If you prefer not to QUESTION 2: If king that participate, reply AGE [ASK ALL] you experience afects your STOP and you will How old are you? a problem with community? receive no Please answer with a service delivery, Yes/No. questions and your number in years. who do you go Please messages will not to in your explain be analysed DISPLACED [ASK ALL] community to Have you had to fee help resolve it? If you consent to your home in the last being part of this year due to confict, study, please drought or fooding?

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respond to the following IDP [ASK ALL] questions. Do you live in an IDP camp?

CLOSING: Thank you for your answers. We will be sending you some more questions in the next few days.

2.2 Gathering insight on public opinion

The second aspect of the interactive radio approach is analysis of audience engagement to inform decision-making with a rich understanding of public opinion. AVF generates robust social science evidence on opinions that are shared at a group level and that emerge in collective discussion.

In-depth qualitative and quantitative insights - AVF grouped the messages received according to diferent themes that our Somali-speaking researchers identifed in the data. This categorisation concluded in a ‘coding frame’ of themes and sub-themes for each week. After an extensive validation process, the labelled dataset was then analysed using quantitative methods and visualised to assess the relative prevalence of the diferent ideas emerging from the conversation. AVF then provided a thick description of the ideas in the dataset, using many quotations directly from citizen voice, to give deeper insight into the main themes of the data.9 Messages are accompanied by demographic information of the individual who sent them (obtained upon consent). However, as collecting the demographic details is entirely at the discretion of the participant, some demographic information is missing.

Prevalence and variations by demographic group and geography - By combining this labelled dataset with data received from audiences on their demographic information, AVF can analyse how perspectives varied between diferent demographic groups. Odds ratios were used to test for associations between groups and ideas because they are particularly sensitive to sample size and therefore set a higher threshold for achieving results with statistical signifcance. In this instance, statistical signifcance is not indicative of the ability to infer these results to a wider population, but suggestive of the reliability of the patterns and associations identifed in the data.

Consent - AVF made clear in all radio communications that data would be analysed to inform the World Bank strategy planning. Participants were given the option of opting out from having their data analysed by texting the keyword ‘STOP’.

2.3 Limitations of the methodology

Analytical approach: The data gathered using this method constitutes a non-probabilistic sample and this afects the type of insights presented below. Firstly, there is a large coverage error given that radio participants difer from the population of Somalia as a whole - 30% of the Somali population is estimated not to be covered by radio10, and 11% of the population do not have SIM

9 For the full thick description see Annex 2. 10 USAID. 2017. Somalia Perceptions Survey, Part 1: The Emerging Federal States, Puntland and Mogadishu.

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cards11. Low literacy rates also limit efective coverage. Second, there is a sampling error: those who participate are self-selected amongst potential audiences based on a range of factors such as phone ownership, media habits, literacy, and gender roles. This dataset thus, cannot be used to estimate the prevalence of certain perspectives based on this sample for either radio audiences or the Somali population. Some perspectives held by those groups outside of radio participants (e.g. those unable to access radio) may not be identifed by this approach.

Instead of pursuing quantitative aggregates of individual perspectives, our research seeks to complement and strengthen qualitative analysis by understanding how opinions are shared - and vary - at the group level. This allows us to identify how these ideas might circulate beyond the specifc radio participants as they are indicative of a wider group (such as those in IDP camps). From a statistical point of view the lack of representativeness is less important for a study based on associations than aggregate indicators. This report’s qualitative insights about opinions and associations with demographic groups are therefore of indicative value for understanding the perspectives of comparable groups in the population. They are best used with other knowledge and research for informing policy and programme decision-making.

Data collection: Working with broadcast media and mobile phone networks is an efective modality for gathering data, but also leads to specifc operational challenges that can negatively impact the quality of data. This is especially relevant in a context such as Somalia, where local private telecommunications operators and SMS aggregators do not meet the service levels of multinational telecommunications companies operating in other countries. 3. Engagement

This section presents an overview of the engagement that the radio series “Hage” generated in this series. It shows participation level, the quality of responses, radio stations chosen, topics covered and guest speakers for the radio show.

3.1 Content of the radio dialogue

The design of the interactive radio show was structured around gaining a deeper understanding of citizens priorities for development interventions, with a view to informing the investment priorities developed between the World Bank Group and the Federal Government of Somalia. As per the CSAP methodology, the show aimed to create a space in which citizens’ views and questions could be responded to by key decision-makers. As such, Minister Abdirahman Duale Beyle from the Ministry of Finance (FGS level) appeared as a guest. Minister Beyle’s interview questions were shaped by comments sent in by citizens in advance of the show, efectively allowing citizens to be in direct conversation with a representative from FGS. Please see Annex 3 for the full transcript of the show.

3.2 Who participated in the dialogue

A total of 4,816 individuals participated in the radio discussions hosted over 10 days of PSAs and one time show. Of these, 3,849 consented to have their data included in the analysis. Just under half (48.1%, 1,850 of 3,849) of the total individuals who participated provided data that met the quality standards for analysis of insights. The messages that are considered 'not relevant' refer to messages that do not directly answer the radio question. However, many of these responses still constitute valid sites of engagement between citizens and the radio dialogue, for example through sending greetings, questions, thank you and consents.

11 World Bank. 2017. Mobile Money Ecosystem in Somalia. (online at https://bit.ly/2Yf4eWU)

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Map 1: Participation distribution12

Location: As Map 1 illustrates, there is a notable urban bias in the distribution of participants across the country, with the highest proportion of citizens reporting to be from districts with large urban populations - in particular Mogadishu, Belet Weyne, Baidoa and Galkacyo. This is partially a refection of the radio coverage of FM stations, which are more concentrated in urban centres than in rural areas.

However, the consultation still captured some voices from citizens in less accessible parts of the country, including districts with a substantial Al Shabaab presence, such as those in Middle Juba, Bakool and Gedo.

Note that participants were not specifcally asked to identify whether they were in a rural or urban area.

Gender: 38.2% of participants who reported their gender indicated that they were women, suggesting that the radio consultation was able to engage with a notable proportion of female voices, whose access to public discussion spaces is often limited.

Figure 3: Gender split of participants who reported their gender

12 Map shows the number of participants per district who provided their location information in the demographic questions. Please note that not all participants provided location information.

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IDP status: half (49.4%) of respondents reported that they had been displaced in the last year, indicating that radio is an efective channel to engage with IDPs in Somalia.

Figure 4: Proportion of participants reporting that they had been displaced in the last year

Age: In line with Somalia’s youth bulge, the highest proportion of participants were aged below 35 years old, at 87.5% of the total participants. Whilst the split between male and female respondents was roughly equal amongst those aged 18 and below, the proportion of women participants tapered sharply amongst older age groups (see Table 2). The drop-of in female participation may be refective of lower literacy rates amongst older generations of women.

Figure 5: Proportion of participants who reported their age, disaggregated into age groups

Table 2: Gender split by age group 0 - 14 15 - 18 19 - 35 36 - 54 55+ n=152 n=686 n=1687 n=278 n=79 Male 45% 48% 66% 71% 70% Female 55% 52% 34% 29% 30%

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4. Insights into citizen perspectives

This section provides a mixed methods analysis of citizen responses to the research questions outlined above. The specifc examples of messages received that are included here as ‘thick description’ are chosen to be indicative of salient ideas and representative of demographic diversity. For the full thick description of the themes discussed please see Annex 2. This section also provides quantitative analyses of the data collected for topics in the interactive radio series.

4.1 Citizen priorities for development

A total of 3826 participants sent a relevant answer in response to the question “What are two priorities that would improve your community’s welfare in the next three years?” For the purposes of structuring the analysis, we have categorised the themes identifed by citizens into the strategic priorities identifed in the current WBG Somalia Country Partnership Framework (CPF), namely (i) Strengthening institutions to deliver services (brown), and (ii) Restoring economic resilience and opportunities (green). Themes that did not ft either strategic priority were categorised as (iii) Cross-cutting issues (orange). The below table illustrates the proportion of participants who mentioned each theme, categorised into the three strategic priorities.

Table 3: CPF strategic priorities13

CPF Priority 1: Strengthening CPF Priority 2: Restoring Cross-cutting issues institutions to deliver services economic resilience and opportunities

- Health (26.5%) - Job creation (6.9%) - Peace and security - Better governance - Boost economic growth (25.1%) (18.8%) (5.8%) - Community collaboration - Education (17.8%) - Invest in roads (4.5%) (21.1%) - Hygiene (7.9%) - Access to water (3.4%) - Justice (12.1%) - Cooperation between - Building resilience against - Access to information citizen and state (4.4%) drought/foods (2.6%) (8.8%) - Corruption (3.4%) - Food (2.5%) - Adherence to religion - Housing (1.7%) - Support for agriculture (3.8%) - Tax utilisation (0.5%) (2.2%) - Resettlement and return (1%) - Stop drug abuse (0.5%)

13 Note percentages denote proportions of participants, not proportions of the total population.

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Figure 6 is a visual representation of all the themes mentioned by participants, with each ‘bubble’ proportional to the frequency that it was mentioned.

Figure 6: Overall frequency of themes14

As Table 3 and Figure 7 (below) illustrate, a high proportion of priorities raised by citizens in this consultation fall outside of CPF focus areas. However it is still valuable to understand how these priorities interlink with direct programmatic aims of the WBG and Somali Federal Government.

14 Themes that were mentioned more often are depicted as larger bubbles.

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Figure 7: Frequency of themes in relation to CPF priority areas15

CFP Priority 1: Strengthening institutions to deliver services

Overall, just under two-thirds (60.3%, n=1107) of participants mentioned themes that were relevant to the WBG CFP priority 1. Citizens identify improvements in the quality and inclusivity of social services, particularly health and education, as key priorities. Health was the most frequently mentioned theme in the dialogue, mentioned by 26.5% (n=486) of respondents, whilst education was the ffth most common (17.8%, n=327). Citizens commented on improving the infrastructure and quality of healthcare provision, and increasing the inclusivity of healthcare and education both (a) to rural areas and (b) to vulnerable population groups such as IDPs.

“Thank you frst of all. I think that we need to have health centres that caters to the whole community. The Ministry of Health needs to organize and bring together and unite all the doctors in the country so that they can be trained on how to help the community. Also, private agencies in the country need to work on supporting people who are less fortunate” Male, 22 years, Mogadishu.

"1. We need to improve on both our Islamic and secular education 2. We need to have justice and stop clannism" Male, 26 years, Beledweyne.

15 Themes that were mentioned more often are depicted as larger bubbles.

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Figure 8: Frequency of ‘Health’ theme, disaggregated by region16

Health was particularly emphasised by respondents aged between 19-35 (30.8%) in contrast to other age groups17. Additionally, it was the most frequently mentioned priority by participants in Banadir (30.4%), Puntland (31.2%) and South West (25.7%), in contrast to the other Federal Member States (FMS) where health was the second or third priority, after governance and community collaboration.

However, the frequency of priorities raised by participants in Hirshabelle did not follow the same pattern as those in the other FMS with 21.6% mentioning health, compared with an average of 26.5%, and only 13.8% mentioning education, compared with an average of 17.8%18. In contrast, issues such as justice and better governance emerged more strongly as priorities in Hirshabelle, suggesting that participants perceive the strengthening of the security apparatus and government capacity to be more pressing than investments in social services.

“1. Complete health care system that is accessible to everyone, the young and the old 2. justice, equality and elimination of poverty" Female, 22 years, Garowe.

"We can improve the community's welfare in the coming three years by providing free education and health" Female, 20 years, Bossaso, recently displaced.

There was no statistically signifcant variation between participants reporting that they live in an IDP site and those who weren’t displaced, with health remaining the most frequently reported priority (26.2% of IDPs and 28.4% of non-displaced) and education the fourth most frequent (19.5% of IDPs and 18.5% of non-displaced).

Citizens placed strong emphasis on improving capacity, accountability and transparency of government institutions. Just under one-ffth (18.8%, n=346) of citizens emphasised the need for better governance to improve community welfare. Comments highlighted demand for greater transparency and stability from government institutions. The explicit linking of community welfare to governance and peacebuilding issues (see pg 20) highlights the perception that improvements at the local level are intrinsically linked to broader structural factors.

16 Note that the percentages on the map depicts the proportion of participants in the radio dialogue who highlighted ‘health’ in their SMS message. Percentages do not do denote the proportion of the total regional population. 17 This diference did not reach the threshold to be considered statistically signifcant, and is therefore only indicative of such a trend. 18 This diference did not reach the threshold to be considered statistically signifcant, and is therefore only indicative of such a trend.

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‘’If I give my opinion 1. To have a government that works for the people transparently 2. The people to stand and work with the government so as to have justice’’ Male, Beled Weyne.

"In my opinion, frst of all we need to have a good government that respects its people and secondly we need to have free and fair elections of one person one vote" Female, 19 years, Dayniile.

"The welfare of Somali communities can improve if we get a good government that exercises justice and equality for everyone" Male, 19 years, Bossaso.

Older (aged 55+) and younger (<18) participants more frequently mentioned the need for improved governance than those aged between 19-54. ‘Better governance’ has also emerged as a core theme in previous CSAP series, including as a solution to the humanitarian crisis19 and as a priority for addressing protracted displacement challenges20.

Alongside suggestions for improving governance, citizens placed emphasis on improving linkages and cooperation between government and citizens (5.3%) and reducing corruption (3.4%), again suggesting a desire for greater accountability mechanisms between citizens and authorities.

"If I think about the two things to prioritize, they will be 1) fghting against radicalism and raising awareness for the youth 2) the government to consult and work with the community. This can lead to development" Male, 20 years, Mogadishu.

Figure 9: Frequency of ‘Better governance’’ theme, disaggregated by region21

“1. The country to fully attain peace and security 2. The citizens to stay away from any issues that can cause the country problems and [work] hand in hand with the government.” Male, 18 years, Beledweyne.

‘’Fight against illiteracy and corruption’’ Female, 33 years, Kismayo.

A small proportion of participants (0.5%, n=9) highlighted taxation as a priority. However, the low numbers of respondents who mentioned tax suggests very limited expectations or awareness amongst citizens for the government to begin, or increase, taxation. Additionally, all respondents but one who mentioned the need for taxation reported that they were in Mogadishu, potentially refecting an urban bias

19 AVF. 2019. Listening to Afected Populations: deploying the Common Social Accountability Platform to understand humanitarian priorities for the Somalia HNO 2020. Available online at https://www.africasvoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Africas-Voices-AAP-Consultation-_-Briefng-Note_FINAL.docx-1.pdf 20 AVF. 2018. Amplifying Durable Solutions in Somalia. Report available online at xx 21 Note that the percentages on the map depict the proportion of participants in the radio dialogue in each region who highlighted ‘better governance’ in their SMS message. Percentages do not do denote the proportion of the total regional population.

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in the familiarity with and expectation of government taxation.

"We can improve the welfare of the community in the coming three years through proper tax utilization by the government, this can be done by using taxes collected to improve the living standard of the people, help the less fortunate and to care for the welfare of the children who have health issues" Female, 18 years, Howlwadaag.

"Greetings 1: support community’s welfare 2: support everyone’s income generation so they can pay taxes which can be used to manage and maintain Mogadishu" Male, 19 years, Mogadishu.

CFP Priority 2: Restoring economic resilience and opportunities

Overall, fewer participants (24.7%, n=454) mentioned themes that fell under the CPF Priority 2 than those who identifed themes relevant to CFP 1 (60.3%, n=1107). Suggestions included job creation, boosting the economy, investments in roads and agriculture, and supporting community resilience to climatic shocks such as fooding and drought.

Job creation (mentioned by 7.9% of respondents, n=126) was frequently linked to concepts of self-sufciency, indicating a desire to move away from aid dependency:

“Create jobs and stop giving money to people who are in camps so that they can be self-sufcient, return IDPs to their homes so that they can cultivate their lands and take care of their livestock” Male, Ceelasha Biyaha.

“They can give them money to start up businesses to sustain themselves instead of just giving them food donations” Female, 19 years, Hodan.

The framing of job creation as a means to self-reliance has also been emphasised in previous iterations of CSAP. During a consultation to inform the 2020 Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO), job creation was highlighted by 28.9% of citizens as the most relevant form of support that aid agencies could provide in order to encourage self-reliance22. Within this, understandings of self-reliance and resilience were commonly framed around agriculture and livestock activities, with 11% of citizens mentioning the need for support for agriculture through the provision of equipment, training and investment projects to support citizens to become more self-reliant. Citizen perceptions of the links between job creation and traditional agro-pastoral livelihoods is in contrast to the widespread rural-urban migration, and related shifts in economic activity, that has characterised the last few years in Somalia23, suggesting that there may be a disconnect between expectations of employment prospects and the reality of the job market.

In a likely refection of their immediate priorities, citizens of working age (18-54) were more likely to mention job creation than older people (55+) at 7.7% to 2.9%. Although this correlation was not considered statistically signifcant it is consistent with the previous OCHA consultation, and can

22 AVF. 2019. Listening to Afected Populations: deploying the Common Social Accountability Platform to understand humanitarian priorities for the Somalia HNO 2020. Available online at https://www.africasvoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Africas-Voices-AAP-Consultation-_-Briefng-Note_FINAL.docx-1.pdf 23 In 2018 the African Institute for Development Policy estimated that Somalia had the highest rate of urbanisation in the world. For more information see https://www.afdep.org/what-challenges-and-concerns-does-urbanisation-in-somalia-pose-afdep-and-other-regional-stakehol ders-explore-solutions-at-forum/

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therefore be interpreted as indicative. There was no signifcant variation between displaced and non-displaced respondents.

Boosting the economy was mentioned by 5.8% (n=107) participants as a priority for improving community welfare, although most messages under this theme remained quite broad, with comments predominantly along the lines of “build economy” or “improve the economy”. However, a smaller number of participants sent messages identifying specifc priorities, mostly relating to natural resource extraction.

‘’I would say that we need to exploit and make good use of our natural resources’’ Male, 23 years, Dayniile.

"1.Improving our environment by stopping charcoal production and improving our economic resources like building roads" Male, 25 years, Guriceel, recently displaced.

Older participants (aged 55+) more commonly mentioned this theme than any other age group24. There was no signifcant variation by gender.

A smaller proportion of participants (4.5%, n=82) also highlighted investments in physical infrastructure - most specifcally roads.

“First of all we need to improve our roads and we also need to improve our ports“. Male, 15 years, Marka.

"To refurbish roads which are in ruins and the politicians to work on how they would unite the Somali people" Male, Garowe

"It's important to improve the roads of the community" Male, 45 years, Hiiraan.

Cross cutting themes

Just under two-thirds (60.1%) of citizens mentioned a wide range of priorities in addition to those that fell under the two CPF strategic priorities. Themes included peace and security, community collaboration, provision of justice, access to information, adherence to religion, resettlement and return of IDPs and stopping drug abuse.

Peace and security was the most common cross-cutting theme and the second most commonly mentioned theme overall, highlighted by one-quarter (25.1%, n=460) of citizens. Comments ranged from general points about improving the security situation to more specifc messages on disarmament and investment in the armed forces.

‘’I think that the two priorities that would improve the community’s welfare in the next three years are 1. Security, this can be done by improving and equipping the national army because without peace there is no progress 2: Improving the economy’’ Male, 25 years, Bardhere.

24 Older participants were more likely to mention boosting the economy than younger participants at 14.3% to 3.7% signifcant at p – value = 0.0259.

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"1. Improve security so as to have a good life and overcome explosions, civil wars and displacement of people 2. Improve healthcare and hygiene so that we can have clean water and food" Female, 16 years, Garowe.

“It’s important to have constant peace and justice and equality’’ Female, Guriceel.

In a possible refection of the proliferation of insecurity in these states, it was the most common priority identifed by participants in Jubaland (33.6%) and Galmudug (27.3%).

Community collaboration was the third most common theme overall, mentioned by one-ffth (21.1%, n=387) of participants. The heavy emphasis on ‘the/my community’ taking a central role in improving their own welfare is indicative of aspirations of autonomy and empowerment amongst citizens.

“I would say that there is a need for a sufcient community that works on improving community’s welfare and one that understands basic issues, a community that has confdence and love for one another” Male, Kismayo.

"The welfare of the community can be improved by fghting against corruption and a community that is united and one that has the same vision, since when we are united we can achieve a lot. thank you! " Female, 14 years, Wadajir, Recently displaced.

"We can improve the community's welfare in the coming three years by being united and leaving behind clannism" Male, Mogadishu.

"We need to have one vision and work together unitedly" Male, 18 years, Ceelasha biyaha.

Within this, the need for unity, inclusivity and organisation were recurring comments in the messages from citizens, with messages both explicitly and implicitly referencing clannism in contrast to unity. Although not statistically signifcant, trends in the data suggest that younger participants were more likely to identify community collaboration than older participants, with almost one-quarter (23.2%) of participants below the age of 35 highlighting this theme, compared with 18.4% of people aged between 36 and 54, and just 8.6% of participants over the age of 55. The age skew may be demonstrative of changing social norms around clan and tradition amongst younger generations in Somalia, with youth increasingly demanding alternatives to these community structures. This trend has also been identifed in other citizen consultations conducted by AVF in Somalia25.

As with the emphasis on improving governance, this theme has also emerged strongly in previous CSAP series; during similar consultations to inform the 2019 and 2020 HNOs, community collaboration was raised as the most common solution to the humanitarian situation (18.5%, n=493).

Justice was highlighted by 12.1% (n=233) of citizens, and was frequently mentioned in tandem with equality, suggesting a desire for justice provision that serves all citizens equally.

25 Similar age and gender skew in the emphasis on community and unity is evident in citizen dialogue from a longitudinal radio engagement cycle called Imaqal, which is aimed at creating positive social norming around gender and social inclusion issues in Somalia.

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“1: We need to have justice that is transparent because without justice nothing will progress for us so we need to support justice and equality, 2: support the community and their requirements like health and education” Male, Yaqshid.

“We need to practice justice so as to stop clannism” Female, 15 years, Howlwadaag.

Comments on inclusivity of justice system were also frequently linked to reducing clannism and stopping discrimination and exclusion of minority groups. This points to a perception that current [informal] justice mechanisms are either biased or non-existent altogether. This is consistent with fndings from previous AVF citizen consultations; in a recent radio dialogue on justice for rape victims, as part of the Imaqal project26, ‘lack of a fair justice system’ was the most common reason given for why victims do not get justice (reported by 34.6%, n=1428).

As mentioned earlier, a higher proportion of participants (18.1%) in Hirshabelle identifed the provision of justice as a priority for improving community welfare, than in the other FMS (11.2% average)27.

4.2 Citizen access to decision making and grievance mechanisms

Just under half (49.9%, n=411) of participants identifed national government as taking responsibility for decision-making in the community. This was a notably higher proportion than those who mentioned traditional leaders (18.9%, n=169) and religious leaders (7.0%, n=63).

“The leaders of the country are responsible for making important decisions and taking care of peoples’ needs.” Female, 18 years, Warta nabada.

“The Federal government is responsible for decision making” Male, 15 years, Bula barde.

‘’The president ‘’ Female, 24 years, Bossaso.

26 Imaqal, (“Hear me!”) is a project implemented in Somalia by AVF and Media INK, with funding from the Somalia Stability Fund. Imaqal is building a large-scale media-based conversation to challenge norms that sustain gender inequality and the social exclusion of youth, the displaced, and minorities. 27 Trend signifcant at p – value =0.0029.

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Figure 10: Frequency of themes in response to the question “Who is responsible for making important decisions in your community”28

A slightly higher percentage of women (49.1%) than men (44.1%) mentioned national government as the key decision makers in their community29. In contrast, a higher proportion of male respondents highlighted traditional leaders (22.5%) and religious leaders (8.0%) than women (13.9% and 4.6% respectively)30. Additionally, older respondents were more likely to mention traditional leaders than younger respondents.

‘’Clan leaders are responsible for decision making within the community because prior to forms and systems of government Somalia was governed by traditional leaders, they solved problems that faced the community and helped in delivering justice’’ Male, 41 years, Baidoa.

“The traditional leaders who always hinder the peace and security of the region and solve issues using clan norms are the ones who are making the most important decisions in the community which is a terrible thing and sometimes I even think about moving out of this place just because of them” Female, 19 years, Garowe.

Gender and age associations could refect both current disparities in access between demographic groups - young women have less direct access to traditional leaders - and/or a normative desire amongst citizens to perpetuate (older men) or challenge (younger women) the status quo.

28 Infographic only includes themes mentioned by 4% or more of participants. Themes mentioned by less than 4% of participants included; youth (3.1%), men (2.8%) and women (2.1%). The frequencies for ‘other’ (4.6%) have also been excluded. 29 This diference did not reach the threshold to be considered statistically signifcant, and is therefore only indicative of such a trend. 30 Male participants were more likely to mention traditional leaders than women, signifcant at p – value = 0.035.

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Similarly, in a possible indication of their limited access to these decision-making bodies, participants who identifed as living in an IDP camp were less likely to mention national government or religious leaders as being responsible for decision-making than non-displaced participants31. In contrast, IDPs more commonly highlighted their immediate social network - in particular ‘parents’32 and ‘men in the community’ as the ones who make decisions.

There was also some variation between FMS in the decision-making bodies that citizens identifed, although proportional diferences did not meet the threshold to be considered statistically signifcant, and therefore trends must be considered indicative. In a possible refection of the visibility and capacity of formal governance structures in Mogadishu, fewer participants in Banadir reported that traditional leaders made decisions in their communities than in other FMS. In contrast, a higher proportion of citizens in Jubaland and Galmudug mentioned traditional leaders.

In contrast to the emphasis on national government, a smaller proportion of citizens mentioned local authorities as being responsible for decision-making in their community at 8.8% (n=79). Messages commonly referenced district-level authorities, such as the commissioner or local administration. However, very few participants identifed authorities at state or regional level to be responsible for decision-making, suggesting that the majority of citizens either lack awareness, or do not expect state or regional governments to make decisions which infuence their communities.

“The district commissioner is responsible for making important decisions in the community” Male, 25 years, Recently displaced.

“District administrations are responsible for decision making” Female, 22 years, Dayniile.

The community was the third most common answer to this question (10.8%, n=97), with particular emphasis placed on the inclusivity and agency of both the community and other social groups, for example ‘everyone’ (5.2%, n=47) and ‘the parents’ (4.5%, n=40).

“The community is responsible for decision making because the government does not own the country alone” Female, Dharkenley.

“The whole community and without leaving any one out is responsible for decision making” Male 35 years, Baidoa.

The focus on ‘the community’ as the primary decision-making body again suggests a strong perception of agency at the local level (alongside the emphasis on ‘community collaboration’ identifed as a priority for improving welfare). Within this, women more commonly mentioned the community as having decision-making power than men (12.5% to 9.9%), although this was not found to be statistically signifcant, and is therefore only potentially indicative of such a trend.

31 This diference did not reach the threshold to be considered statistically signifcant, and is therefore only indicative of such a trend. 32 IDP participants were more likely to mention parents than non displaced, signifcant at p – value = 0.0169.

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Figure 11: Frequency of themes in response to the question “If you experience problems with service delivery, who do you go to in your community to help you resolve it?”33

There was little correlation between the actors identifed as decision-makers and those highlighted by citizens to help solve issues with service delivery. As Figure 12 illustrates, only 15% of those who highlighted community-led decision-making identifed the community as the mechanism they would turn to to resolve an issue. This suggests that citizens perceive a disconnect between decision-making bodies and their access to grievance mechanisms.

33 Infographic only includes themes mentioned by 5% or more of participants. Themes mentioned by less than 5% of participants included; everyone (4.6%), media (3.5%), religious leaders (3.4%), other (3.1%), police (1.3%) and business people (0.9%).

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Figure 12: Proportion of citizens who identifed the actors who make decisions in their community to be the same ones they approach to resolve issues with service delivery in their community

Despite heavy emphasis on the government as decision-makers for the community, citizens highlight the strength of their social networks to help resolve problems on the ground. Family and friends (26.7%, n=226), and the community (17.1%, n=145) were the two most common actors identifed as the actors to help resolve issues with service delivery. This suggests that immediate problem-solving needs are more commonly met by social networks than by leaders or service providers themselves:

“I consult with my family and my close relatives” Male, Guriceel.

“I consult with my community” Male, 16 years, Jowhar.

This may refect the current lack of government capacity to efectively respond to citizen’s needs, despite the expectation that government is the primary decision-maker articulated above. The lack of reliance on the national government to resolve issues is also in-line with the demand for better governance highlighted by citizens elsewhere in the consultation. Additionally, the reliance on social networks also resonates with the importance of the community, and the perception of community agency, raised by participants elsewhere in the consultation. A notably higher proportion of people who highlighted ‘community collaboration’ in response to the frst consultation question identifed ‘family and friends’ (10.1% of the 387 people who mentioned community collaboration) and ‘the community’ (8.3%) to resolve problems than any other actor (2% average).

As with the identifcation of decision-making actors in the community, there was a male bias towards traditional and religious leaders to resolve problems with service delivery. A higher proportion of men than women mentioned traditional (8.3% to 5.6%) and religious leaders (4.9% to

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1.1%)34 and god (10.4% to 6.7%), although not by margins that can be considered statistically signifcant.

‘’I consult with religious scholars, I believe that our religion can help us with all our problems’’ Male, 50 years, Lower Jubba.

Finally, a greater proportion of IDPs - both those who reported being recently displaced and those living in IDP sites - than non-displaced participants indicated that they turn to God to help resolve problems, at 12% to 6.4%35. Again, this points to a lack of access to redress mechanisms amongst IDP communities;

‘’I consult with Allah and I am patient through any problem that I might face.’’ Male, Recently displaced.

34 Signifcant at p-value =0.0037. 35 Signifcant at p-value =0.0095.

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5. Summary

Concerning public services (CPF Focus Area 1): Social development investments in health (26.5%, n=486) and education (17.8%, n=327) were identifed as two of the most common priority for citizens, particularly focused on improvements to the quality and inclusivity of services.

Additionally just under one-ffth (18.8%, n=346) of participants emphasised a desire for greater government capacity to communicate and respond to citizen priorities in a visible, transparent and accountable manner. Better governance has frequently been highlighted during other AVF consultations, and is indicative of a strong demand amongst citizens for strengthened state institutional capacity.

Concerning economic opportunities and resilience (CPF Focus Area 2): A smaller proportion of participants highlighted investments in job creation (7.9%, n=126) economic growth (5.8%, n=107) and road infrastructure (4.5%, n=82) as priorities to improve welfare at the community level.

Concerning cross-cutting themes: Citizens highlighted peace and security as the second most important priority after healthcare (25.1%, n=460). The explicit linking of community welfare to ideas around governance (as above) and peacebuilding issues highlights the perception that improvements at the local level are intrinsically linked to broader structural factors.

In discussions of community collaboration (21.1%, n=387) and the need for the provision of justice, citizens both explicitly and implicitly stress a desire to move beyond clannism, with value particularly placed on autonomy, equality and inclusivity. This fnding is consistent with previous AVF radio consultations, in which the role of a unifed community has been highlighted as central to the development of Somalia. Within this, there is evidence to suggest that social norms around clan and tradition are gradually shifting amongst younger generations.

Throughout the consultation on citizen development priorities, no discernable diference emerged in the themes highlighted by displaced and non-displaced groups, suggesting citizen priorities to improve their community’s welfare do not vary, despite signifcant disparities in living conditions between displaced and non-displaced groups.

Concerning current decision-making and grievance mechanisms: Citizens place heavy emphasis on the national government (49.9%, n=411) as primary decision-makers for community, but still predominantly rely on social networks to resolve grievances on the ground, potentially refecting limited government capacity at community level.

A small proportion of participants also referenced local authorities, most commonly district-level authorities, as decision-makers (8.8%, n= 79). However, very few participants identifed authorities at state or regional level to be responsible for decision-making, suggesting that the majority of citizens either lack awareness, or do not expect state or regional governments to make decisions which infuence their communities.

In contrast, participants most commonly highlighted family and friends (26.7%, n=226) and the community (17.1%, n=145) as the actors to help resolve issues with service delivery, suggesting more immediate problem-solving needs are more commonly met by social networks than by leaders or service providers themselves.

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Male and older participants more commonly indicated a reliance on traditional and religious leaders to make decisions and resolve issues with service delivery than younger and female participants, which could refect a normative desire to perpetuate (older men) or challenge (younger women) the status quo.

In a probable refection of their limited social and political leverage, displaced participants appear less able to access structural mechanisms such as their local authorities, or tap into wider social networks to resolve problems, and instead are more likely to turn to their immediate family or god.

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ANNEX 1: List of radio stations

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ANNEX 2: Thick description Messages in response to the question “What are two priorities that would improve your community’s welfare in the next three years?”

Health (26.5%, n=486)

Deganku wa lanta quraca 2arimod e muhinka 3sane e so socoto tan 1wa caafmadka o la hor mariyo sbabtuna cudurada aya dalka ku badan inta badan tuuloyinka malaha gobo cfmd tan 2wax so saarka dhulka o la xojiyo sababtu waxa kali ah e ku flan dalkena wa beerahena o daacad lo noqdo "The two priorities that would improve our community’s welfare in the next three years are 1.improving the quality of healthcare because of an increase in the number of diseases in the country, mostly in rural areas who don't have health centre 2. Improve the country's productivity and supporting agriculture" Male, 29 years.

Waxan jogo mugadhishu aniga wexe ila thy aragtideda 1;in la ilaaliyo deganka oo an laxa lufn 2. Wa in lahela isbitalo haga jisan in lahelo dawo tayo leh "I think that we need to 1. protect the locals and their resources 2. We need to have well built hospitals and quality medicines" Male, Mogadishu.

Gabar joogta dusmareb hadii an isku dayo su.aashas 1; waa cafmaadka 2:iyo nadaaefada "1. Improve on healthcare 2: and hygiene" Female, 14 years, Dhuusamareeb.

Wad mahadsantihiin marka 1aad marka xigta waxey ila muuqata in la helo goobo cafmad ee bulshadeena dan u ah kana heli karaan agab cafmad iyo in dhamaan la mideeyo dhaqaatiirta dalka loona Tababaro caawinta bulshadeena waxayna quseysaa wasaarada cafmadka iyo hey'adaha dalka private ka oga shaqeeyo oo la hubiyo Laguna hubiyo in la daba dhigo dad dhiban oo u baahan daryeelka wa fkirkayga mida "Thank you frst of all. I think that we need to have health centres that caters to the whole community. The ministry of health needs to organize and bring together all the doctors in the country so that they can be trained on how to help the community. Also private agencies in the country need to work on supporting people who are less fortunate " Male, 22 years, Mogadishu.

1) daryeel cafmaad o dhamaysiran kaas oo dadku wada helaan yar iyo wayinba daryeelkas oo laga wada helo goobaha caafmaadka dhamaantooda 2) cadaalad iyo sinaan iyo faqariga oo la dabar gooyo "1. Complete health care system that is accessible to everyone, the young and the old 2. justice, equality and elimination of poverty " Female, 22 years, Garowe.

Peace and security (25.1%, n=460)

Waa inladhageysto taladooda lana qaato wixii wanaagsan midalabad waa inay bulshadu kashaqey amniga iyo hormarka "We need to listen to every advice and consider the important ones, secondly the community to work together on peace and security and progress" Male, 30 years, Beledweyne, recently displaced.

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Anoo joga bardhere hadii aan fkirkayga cabiro waxay ilatahay 1: amniga iyo xojinta iyo qalabaynta cidamada qaranka wayo amni niman haysan cafad dhaqaalo iyo hor mar ma helo 2:kobcinta dhaqalaha "I think that the two priorities that would improve the community’s welfare in the next three years are 1. Security, this can be done by improving and equipping the national army because without peace there is no progress 2: improving the economy" Male, 25 years, Bardhere.

Gabar joogta deynile nabada 2 tixgelin nolosha sida cunto dawo nadaafad "1. Peace and security 2. Prioritizing on provision of food, medicine and hygiene" Female, 36 years, Dayniile.

Wil jogo moqdisho waa in lahelo amni iyo isdhaxgal bulsho "Greetings, I think we need to have peace and security and also community interaction" Male, Mogadishu.

1. Waa amaanka oo la hagaajiyo si loohelo nolol fican logana gudbo qaraxyada dagaalada sokeeye iyo qaxa 2.waa caafmadka iyo nadaafadda siloo lahelo biyo cunto nadiif ah mahadsanidin "1.Improve security so as to have a good life and overcome explosions,civil wars and displacement of people 2. Improve healthcare and hygiene so that we can have clean water and food " Female, 16 years, Garowe.

waxan joga guricel waxaa ugu wanagsan nabad waarta iyo cadalad iyo sinan by by "It’s important to have constant peace and justice and equality" Female, Gur’iel.

2 nabadda iyo nadafadda. "Peace and hygiene" Male, 18 years, Kismayo.

Community collaboration (21.1%, n=387)

Wa iney is dhex gallan ugu horen qabyalada liskadayo ey isracan dadka bulshada waxa ladhahay gacmo wadajir bey wax kugoyan "We need to interact frst of all and stop clanism and also the community to become united since when united we can achieve so much" Male 20 years, recently displaced.

1.marka hore in ayhelaan.cafmaad.2.markaxigana.midnimo iskaashi sinaan iyo cadaalad "First of all we need to have healthcare, secondly its unity, cooperation, equality and justice." Male, 40 years, Bal’ad

Waxa lo daryeli kara bulshada marki la xasiliyo unuqaatenka iyo masuqmaasuqa ka taagan bulshada wa in la hela ugu horey bulsho isku duuban oo isku ra,yi ah gacmo wadajir bay wax ku gooyan ?? mahadsanidin! "The welfare of the community can be improved by fghting against corruption and a community that is united and one that has the same vision, since when we are united we can achieve a lot. thank you! " Female, 14 years, Wadajir, Recently displaced.

Waa in halmooqif la lahaado oo wadajir la isku la shaqeeya "We need to have one vision and work together unitedly" Male, 18 years, Ceelasha biyaha.

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Deganku wanu helo aman busho iyo cafmad wxana kuheli karna isku xirnasho bulsho katimada "The residents need security and health that can be achieved through unity of the people "

Waa inladhageysto taladooda lana qaato wixii wanaagsan midalabad waa inay bulshadu kashaqey amniga iyo hormarka “Listen to every decision and regard the important one’s, secondly the community should work on security and development” Male, 30 years, Beledweyne

Oojooga kismayo HAGE aniga waxaan dhihi lahaa waa inlahelaa bulsha kafyoo kana shaqeeye hagaajinta iyo daryeelka deegaanka fahansana arimaha asaasiga iskuna kalsoonaado waliba isjecel wadajirbaa guul leh “I would say that there is a need for a sufcient community that works on improving community’s welfare and one that understands basic issues, a community that has confdence and love for one another” Male, 28 years, Kismayo.

Waan idii salami salaan kadiib sidaxda sane soo socoto waa inaay bulshada gacnaha isqabsato oyna kafugato qabyalada "We can improve the community's welfare in the coming three years by being united and leaving behind clannism" Male, Mogadishu.

Better governance (18.8%, n=346)

Somaliya waxan uu arka hadi lahelo mamul wana sa oo shacab ka ugu shaqaya sinan iyo cadalad "The welfare of Somali communities can improve if we get a good government that exercises justice and equality for everyone" Male, 19 years, Bossaso.

Oo jooga Suuqbacad markan guda galo baramijka dalkan waxaa lagu Hormarin karo 1 waa in lahelaa istaratijiyad Siyaasaded oolagu hagayo Dalka 2 waa in lahelaa bulsho mideysan 3 Waa in lahelaa Dhaqale mideysan maxaa yelay waxan o nahay Muqdisho kaliya ayaa laga qaadaa Canshuurta Dalka 4 waa in lahelaa Dib u heshiisin Bolsho 5 Hogamiye Cadalad Ah 6 Garsoor madax banan 7 Waa in laga guuraa Nidaamka fadaralka "The country's welfare can be improved by 1. We need to have good political strategy 2. We need to have a community that is united 3. Equal economic growth because it's only Muqdisho that pays tax 4. We need to have community reconciliation 5. Leaders who are just 6. An independent judiciary 7. We have to leave behind the federal system." Male, Mogadishu.

Uguhoren wain lahelaa madax kala danben leh iyo dowlad dhisan "First of all we need to have leaders who work in harmony and a government that is fully functional" Female, 19 years, Dayniile.

Asc degmada yaqshiid hadii aan fkirka dhibto mida kowad waa in lahelaa dowalad wngsan oo bulshadeeda ixtiraam sii so mida lawaad waa in lahela dorasho qof iyo cod ah madsinadiin "In my opinion, frst of all we need to have a good government that respects its people and secondly we need to have free and fair elections of one person one vote" Female, 19 years, Yaqshid.

Jawabteydu wasidan 1 wa inlahela degan nabdon iyo dowlad waxqabdleh 2 wa in bulshadu dadka uxilsarn hagajintoda kalashaqeyan

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“Here is my answer 1. We need to have peace and security and an efective government 2. People who represent the community to work on improvements” Female, 35 years, Xagardheer.

Waxey tahay labada mudnanta ah 1 inlahelo dowlad aan maasuq maasuq aan laheeyn 2 iyo shaqo kaf karta noolasha bulshada "I think we should prioritize on 1. To have a government that has no corruption 2. And also to have employment that can support the community" 21 years. Dayniile.

Education (17.8%, n=327)

Asc Waxan Joga Wxy Ila Thy In Mudnanta Lasiyo Waxbarashada Iyo Cafmadka Bulshada "I think that we need to prioritize on quality education and health for the community" Female, 19 years, Mogadishu.

Waxay u heli karan in wax labaro barakaca yasha "We need to educate the IDPs" Male, 40 years, Yaaqshiid.

Wax barashada iyo caafmaadka waliba in lehelo wax barasho lacak la.aan ah iyo adeek caafmaad oo dhameestiran oo isna free ah "Education and health, also the education should be free of charge and a complete healthcare system" Male, 32 years, Kaxda, recently displaced, in IDP camp.

Waxan jooga muqdisho hadaan fkradayda ka dhiibto waa tayada waxbarasha oo kor loo qaado iyo wacyi galita "I think that we need to improve our education and raise awareness on its importance" Male, 18 years, Mogadishu.

1.waa in lo kordhiyaa waxbarasha diinta iyo mida nafsigaba 2.in loo xaqsimo leyskana daayo qabaliyada. Diintane wey diiday midaa ayadaah "1. We need to improve on both our islamic and secular education 2. We need to have justice and stop clannism" Male, 26 years, Beledweyne.

1Tayaynta iyo kor uu qadida waxbarshad 2 in laa shaqaysiyo dhalinta wadamad kale uu shaqo tagaysa "1. Adding quality and improving education 2. Give jobs to youth who are travelling to other countries for employment" Female, 19 years.

Asc sedexda sano ee socota waxa lagu hagajin kara wax barasho lacag la aan ah iyo caafmadka "We can improve the community's welfare in the coming three years by providing free education and health " Female, 2o years, Bossaso, recently displaced.

Labo arimood oo mudnaanta u leh hagaajinta daryeelka bulshada waa (1)cafmaadka & (2)waxbarasho. hadaan sharax koban ka bixiyo fkradayda waxaan gundhig qof cafmaad qaba & waxbarasho lacag la,an ahna heesto heer wanagsan ayuu ka gaari karaa mustaqbalkisa,nolashisa iyo bulshadoo la nool yahay.qof cafmad qaba waxbarta waxna qabsad.!

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"The two priorities that would improve our community’s welfare in the next three years are 1.education and 2. health, to explain more on these, if someone has health and free education, they can have a better future".

Mudnaanta 1 waa in ay dowlada dhistaa xaruma caafmaad iyo xarumo waxbarasho si ay uga faai daystaan dadka danyata ah "Priorities 1. the government to build health and education centres, so that the less fortunate can take advantage of these centres" Male, 35 years, Galdogob, Recently displaced.

15 jirah oo joogo Magaalada B/Weyn Waa in lahelaa Waxbarasho Tayo leh Iyo in la xoojiyo wax Soo saarka dalka "We need to have quality education and on productivity of the country" Male, 15 years, Beled weyne.

Waxay u heli karan in wax labaro barakaca yasha " We can improve society welfare by educating the IDPs" Male, 15 years, Mogadishu.

Justice (12.1%, n=223)

1:waa cadaalad hufan maxaa yelay cadaladu hadeyn jirin wax manohagagayan bulshad waa in laga tagira danka cadalada iyo sinanta cadalada 2:Bulshado waa in si wayn lutexgalshaa wayo bulshado waxay ubahntahay waa in ay katagerto dowlada danka cafmadka &wax; barashada iyodasyelka ubadka somaliyed Name :ibrahim xasan maxamd oo joga dgmada yaqshiid "1: We need to have justice that is transparent because without justice nothing will progress for us so we need to support justice and equality 2:support the community and their requirements like health and education" Male, Yaqshid.

N la helo cadalad iyo dowlad shacbiga ushaqeyso "We need to have justice and a government that works for the people" Female, 18 years, Baidoa.

1.wa in la helo cadaalad iyo sinaan bulshada somaliyed dhexdeeda ah 2.wa in la helo maamul wanaag 3.wa in wadanka dhan laga helo xuriyadd si umada somaliyed isku dhexgalan wad ku mahad san tahiin HAAGE "1. We need to have justice and equality within the Somali community 2. We need to have good leadership 3. We need to have independence in the whole country so that people can interact freely thank you Hage" 26 years, Beledweyne.

1cadaalad iyo sinaan 2 cunsiriyada oo laga guuro 3 dadka la heeb sooco oo bulshada lagudaro "1. We need justice and equality 2.we should stop racism 3. Interact with the people who are discriminated against" Male.

Arinta kowaad waxa ay thy ugu horeyn in lahelo nabad allah aya keeni karo mida xigta waxa ay thy mudnanta cadaalad doorashada iyo shacabka ladaryelo "The frst thing is to have peace with Allah’s help and the second thing is to prioritize on justice in election and taking care of the citizens " Male, 22 years, Karaan.

Waxaa loo baahanyahay cadaalad in lagu dhaqmo ee lajooji khabiilka “We need to practice justice so as to stop clannism” Female, 15 years, Howlwadaag.

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1-waa in dib udajin loo sameeyo barakacayaasha. 2-waa in garsoor cadaalad ah ay helaan dadka dacadiyada loo geysto. 3-waa in aanan bulshada laga dhexsaarin dadka latakooro oo lagu dhexmilmo tusaale waa in wiilashooda loo guuriyaa gabdhaha kale. Gabdhahoodana laga guursadaa, mahad sanid, "1- The need to do resettlement for IDPs 2- the need to have fair and just judges for those who are victimized 3- stop discriminations against minorities for example intermarriage between minorities and others" Male.

Information (8.8%, n=161)

One waa ineey doow lad yeeladaa ciidamo dharcad ah oo xogagsoo aruuriyo iyo masuq maasuqa oo layareey "The government needs to have a Criminal Investigation Department that collects information and fghting corruption" Male, 15 years, recently displaced.

Bulshadu halosameyo wacyi galin hagaagsan silohelo bulsho mid ah "Raise awareness for the community so that we can have a community that is united" Male, 34 years, Wadajir.

Kow waa ina bulshada wacyigilin loo sameeyo lagu nawacyi giliyo iney jahliga kagudbaan loona sameyo gobo wax barasho fariiya iyo goobo cafmaad oo tayone ey yeeshaana labaduba "First we need to inform the community on the importance of education and build quality education and health centres" Male, 22 years, Beled weyne, recently displaced.

Waxaa mudan in la hagaajiyo wadoo yinka oo lanadaa fyo sidoo kale bulshada in laga wacyi galiyo nafad darada in ay keni karto qatar caafmaad daro "We should prioritize on cleaning our roads and also inform the community that lack of proper hygiene can lead to health risk" Female, 22 years, Garas baaley.

Jogta hodan wxay ubahan yihin inla wacyi galiyo wacyi galin said ah oo wax looo shego is ay onoqdan dad amrda qata "There is a need for creation of awareness and people to be made aware informed so that they can become people who can take orders from the relevant authorities" Male, 30 years, Hodan.

Mida Waxa Waaye in la wacyi geliyo 2WAA IN AY ABNI HELAN "1. We need to raise awareness 2. We need to have security" Female, 46 years, Wadajir.

Daryeelka bulshada waxaa lagu hagajin jaraa in la wacyi galiyo bulshada "Communities welfare can be improved by raising awareness for the community" Female, 18 years, Howlwadaag.

Bulshada waa in lawacyigiliya lana siiya tababarro cafmad,wa in ay helan kubcin maskax aqon iyo noolol malmeed "Create awareness and give trainings on health to the community, educate the community and give them jobs" 30 years, Balad Hawo.

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1.in la wacyi galiyo bulshada si ay u hagaagto 2.in lagu dhiiriyo inay ka qaybqaataan hagaaajintooda “1. We need to raise awareness in the community so that we can have improvements 2. we need to encourage the community so that they can take part in improving their welfare” Female, 22 years, Galkacyo, recently displaced, in IDP camp.

(1) in la helo banaamij siyaasadeed oo xaga caafmaad ka ah(2) wacyi galin xaga caafmaadka ah iyo isbitaalo lcg la,aan ah "(1 ) we should have programs and laws for health (2) raise awareness on health and free medical care” Female, 28 years, Garowe.

Hygiene (7.9%, n=145)

Salaamu caleeykum hage waa abwaan jooga xaruunta galmudug ee dhuusamareeb jawaab 2 labada arimood oo bulshada daryeelka u leh hadii aanu isku dayo su aashaasi oo aanu fgradeeyda kadhiibto waxeey ila tahay tan 1koobaad daryeelka bulshada waxaanu door u ahaan karayo waanu nadaafada magaalooyinka oo la nadiifyo qashimada waxa bac iyo kartoon suuqyada bid bidaya oo loo sameeyo meelo lagu aruuriyo dabadeedna lagu gubo ama lagu aaso ok tan 2labaadna waanu wadooyinka laamiga ah oo si aad ah u dhamaaday oo noqday jajab oo loo hagaajo bulshada ok aad baanu mahadsan tihiin hage "Greetings the two priorities that would improve the community’s welfare in the next three years are 1. First we should work on hygiene by cleaning the streets and waste sites also we should put in place a good waste management system for all the cities like recycling 2. Secondly we need to work on improving our roads" Male, Galmudug.

Waxa uleh in bulshadu aykudadasho daryelka nadafada sida wadoyinka oo lanadiifyo guryaha gobaha ganacsiga markas hadii lahelo nadafad dhamaystiran waxa lahelaya daryel dhameystiran iyo nolol wanagsan "I would say that community needs to improve on hygiene like cleaning the roads, houses, business premises, so if we get proper hygiene our lives will improve" Male, 18 years, Matabaan.

1:FOGAYNTA QASHINKA: "waxaa lagu fogayn karaa in la sameeyo gawaari ugaar ah qashin fogaynta"2:ISBITAALADA LAGA DHIGO BILAASH: "waxaana looga dhigi kara in ay dowladu siiso lacakta ay dhaqaatiirtu doonayso " . "1: Disposal of waste: "these can be done by organising cars that carry waste products from residential areas to designated centres where they can be burnt 2: Free healthcare : government to pay doctors salaries" Female, 25 years, in IDP camp.

Job creation (6.9%, n=126)

In bulshada loo abtuuro shaqooyin lakana joojiyo lcgaha xerooyinka lakusiinaayo, in dadka xeryaha barakacayasha ku jiro dib looceliyo lakuna dhiiro galiyo beerahooda aay qotaan xoolahodane aay dheqdaan "Create jobs and stop giving money to people who are in camps so that they can be self sufcient, return IDPs to their homes so that can cultivate their lands and take care of their livestocks" Male, Ceelasha biyaha.

1/2 abuurida xirfado shaqo iyo taagyeeridooda

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Supporting and developing skills for employment Male, 20 years, Baidoa.

1nadafad2shaqokuflan bahidooda dabosha wainlahelaa ked lagukevdivo badarka soogoava siav uhelan badar ragisah laibivo almuhim "1.Hygiene 2. Provision of employment that can help them be self sufcient and support their needs like food and shelter" Male, 40 years, Baidoa.

Waxay Ila Tahay Bulshada Inay Ubahantahay Goob Cafmad Iyo Shaqo Abuur Tayn Leh "I think that the community needs health centre and creation of quality employment" Female, 32 years, Kismayo.

waxaan jogaa baladweyne dhismaha wadoyinka dalka iyo shaqo abuur lo sameeyo dhalinyarada "Constructions of roads for the country and creation of jobs for the youth" Male, 32 years, Beledweyne.

Waxeey sameenkaraan inay siiyan lacag ay kusameestaan kanacsiyo si ay iskugu flnaadaan Meeshiilaga siin lahaa raashiin.. “They can give them money to start up businesses to sustain themselves instead of just giving them food donations” Female, 19 years, Hodan.

Labada arimo ee mudan in wax laga qabto waxay tahay 1. In daryel loo sameyo da,yarta darbi jifta ah lanaso aruriyo 2.in losameyo shaqa abuur hablaha koriya ilmaha agonta ah lona sameyo misaaniyad dhaqale "The two things that need prioritizing are 1. taking care of the street children 2. Create jobs for women who raise children without fathers so that they can have income generation" Male, 25 years, Daynile.

1ina dhalinyarda shaqo lo abura 2wa in laku bararujiya iney tabcadn beraha iyo dhaqashda xulaha kuwa miga iyo makladaba “1. Create employment for the youth, encourage them to cultivate crops and livestock keeping” Female, 19 years, Mogadishu, in IDP camp.

Boost economic growth (5.8%, n=107)

Joogto magalada Muqdisho. Fikir ahaanteyda waxaan dhihi laha 1: in wax laga qabto Hormarinta dhaqaalaha 2: Horumarinta xaga Caafmaadka. "I think that 1. We need to do more on improving the economy 2: improve healthcare " Female, 22 years, Mogadishu.

Waxaan dhihilahaa in qayraadka daka laga faa idoosto "I would say that we need to exploit and make good use of our natural resources" Male, 23 years, Dayniile.

Labada arimood ee aan isleeyahay bulshada muhiim bay u tahay waa Amniga iyo horumarinta dhaqaalaha dalka, oo ah labo aan qudhooda iskuxiran oo aao kala maarmin. “The two things that I think are important for the community are security and improving the economy which are two related subjects that depend on each other” Male, 38 years, Banadir

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1 in la haagaajiyo beyada sida joojinta dhuxusha iyo talabaad oo ah kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha sida jidadka oo ladhiso "1.Improving our environment by stopping charcoal production and improving our economic resources like building roads" Male, 25 years, Guriceel, recently displaced.

Waa gaajinta beeraha iyo dayactirka kaabayasha dhaqaalaha "It’s improving agriculture and refurbishing economic resources" Male.

Waa in laga shaqeeyaa bilicda dalka iyo nabadayn dalka "Work on country's infrastructure and security" Female, 21 years.

Invest in roads (4.5%, n=82)

Waxa mudan inlahagaajiyo wadooyinka bulshada "It's important to improve the roads of the community" Male, 45 years, Hiiraan.

In la hagaajiyo wadooyinka "To refurbish existing roads" Male, 22 years, Baidoa

Waxaan jogaa baladweyne dhismaha wadoyinka dalka iyo shaqo abuur lo sameeyo dhalinyarada "Greetings, Building roads and creating jobs for the youth" Male, 32 years, Beled weyne.

Waxaa haboon in korlooqaa hormarka bulshada noocyadeda kaladuwan sida waxbarashada cafmad iyo hagajinta wadooyinka "It’s important to improve community's welfare through health, education and building of roads" Male, 30 years, Heliwaa

Arimahaas hadaad iweeydiiso waxay ubaahantahay 1 wadooyinka buurburay oo lagahaqabtiro iyo ayaado aay kashaqeeyan siyaasiyintu sida aay daadka soomaaliyee umideyn lahaayen taas ayaa daadku ubaahan yihiin waad mahadsan tihiin "To refurbish roads which are in ruins and the politicians to work on how they would unite the Somali people" Male, Garowe.

Mida 1aad waa jididaha inla hagaajiyo.midakale waa dakadaha “First of all we need to improve our roads and we also need to improve our ports “. Male, 15 years, Marka.

Cooperation between the government and citizens (4.4%, n=80)

1: In amni buuxo uu dalku yeesho 2: in ay shacabku kafeejignaadaanwax walba oo dalka ladi kuah dowladana si dhaw ula shaqeeyaan “1. The country to fully attain peace and security 2. The citizens to stay away from any issues that can cause the country problems and [work] hand in hand with the government.” Male, 18 years, Beledweyne.

Waxa aytahay labada arimood fgradeyda hadii cabiro 1)ladagaalanka xagjirnimada dhalin yarada wacyi gelinta diinta 2)latashi ay siwadajira usameeyaan dowlada iyo shacabkeeda Markasna waxkasta herba laga gari kara

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"If I think about the two things to prioritize on they will be 1) fghting against radicalism and raising awareness for the youth 2) the government to consult and work with the community. This can lead to development" Male, 20 years, Mogadishu.

Asc oo jogo magalada beled wayn ee gobolka hiran wadan fkirkeyga kadhibto 1> waa inlahelaa dowlad shacabka si hufan ugu adegto 2> waa in shacabkuna dowlada garab istaagyaa si lohelo cadalad wa dmahadsantiin hage "If I give my opinion 1. to have a government that works for the people transparently 2. the people to stand and work with the government so as to have justice" Male, Beledweyne.

Adherence to religion (3.8%, n=69)

Waa gabar JOOGTA HILIWA SADAXDA WAXYAABOOD EE LOO BAAHAN YAHAY WAA 1: WAA IN LOO LABTO DIINTA LEYSKANA DAAYO DASTUURKA 2: WAA IN LAGU DHAQMO DIINTA AFKA LAGA SHEEGANA 3: WAA IN DADKA DIINTA AQOON QOTA DHEER U LEH LOOGA DAMBEEYA ARIMAHA "1. Going back to religion practice 2. Follow the religion instead of the constitution 3. Take guidance from people who have extensive knowledge about the religion " Female, Hilwaa.

Ku sugan dagmada buurtinle sida lagu hagajin karo dib uhabeynta bulshada mudnanta islaamka in bulshada laga dhiso diinta laamk lana hurmariyo cilmigooda diineed siloo helo bulsho kadhisan diin akhlaq ahan iyo diin ahaan waxan aamin sanahey in diintu dhameys tiran tahey noloshuna ku dhameys tiran cidii qabsatana hagaageyso sidii ahh cadeeyaba "We can improve the community by prioritizing on religion and advancing the religious knowledge of the people so to have a community with religion and morals " Male, Burtiinley.

Walaali aragtideyda waxaay ila tahay kala damben dhalata iyo diinta oo lagu dhaq mo "1.following the religion 2. order in the community" 23 years.

Corruption (3.4%, n=63)

Waa in lala dagalamo jahliga iyo musuqa "Fight against illiteracy and corruption" Female, 33 years, Kismayo

Waxawaaye 2 arimood waa in lagaqabto dalkeena musuq maasuqa "We need to fght corruption in our country " Male, recently displaced.

Waxa ugu fcan dadku iney helan cadalad musuq masaq inla jojijo hugan wanag san lahelo "The most important thing is for the people to have justice, stopping corruption and have good leadership" Male, 20 years, Cadaado.

1 amniga 2 in siwadda jirah loola diriro musuqmaasuqa "1.security 2. fght corruption together" Male, 48 years, Galkayo.

Access to water (3.4%, n=63)

joga c/biha waa.ilahelo biyo nadiif ah iyo cunto nadiif ah "We need to have access to clean water and food" Male, Ceelasha biyaha.

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Waxa ka mida 1 in la hagaajiyo helida biyo nadiif ah 2 inla la helo cunto nadiif ah oo dheelitiran "The priorities are 1. Access to clean water 2. Access to clean food that is nutritious" Male, 26 years, Warta Nabada

In ay helaan xuquuqdooda aas aasiga ah. In ay helaan biyo nadiif ah. Iyo hooy. "They need to have basic needs like clean water and shelter" Male, Mogadishu.

hadii hadalku yahay daryel bulsho jawaabtu waa 1 biyo nadiif ah oo aan joogsan caafmaad dhamaystiran dhaqaatiir nooc walba leh iyo daawo waxtarkeedu sax yahay alle ayaana waxwalba awooda thanks waa nin rer miyi ah "If we are talking about community welfare the answer is 1. non-stop access to clean water, complete healthcare, capable doctors and efcient medicine, thank you " Male, 42 years.

Building resilience against foods (2.6%, n=47)

1 wxan rabna in biyo xireno nalo sameyo b/weyne 2 inloo gargaaro dadka tabaaleysan intaa ayan codsan lahen walaal "1. We need barriers that hold of water to be built for us beledweyne 2. Support the less fortunate " Female, 18 years, Beledweyne.

Waa 1 in lasameyo wacyi galin balaran oo kusabsan fatahadaha iyo waxa kadhalan karaa xiliga roobabka kadib ee ah shubanka iyo malariyada ama duumada. 2 nabaad goorka dhirta in dadka laga wacyigaliyo jarida iyo gubida intaba si bulshado eey u helaan caafmaad wanagsan "1. We need creation of awareness concerning foods and the consequences they come with during rainy seasons ie health consequences like diarrhea and malaria 2. we need to stop cutting down of trees (deforestation) and also raise awareness on burning down and cutting of trees so that the community can have good health" Male, 24 years, Guricel.

Bulshad hadii waxa loo qaban karo waxaan dhahilahaa in laka xero wabiga shabeele uu ku soo fatahayo baladweeyne uu ku dhintee dad badan waxaa hada lashigi haayaa biyo kaleeto ee aallah hanaga baxiyo mahadsanid "I would suggest that we put in place barriers that hold of water during foods so as to avoid losses of lives for example the river in lower shabelle that fooded beledweyne thanks " Female, 13 years, in IDP camp

Food (2.5%, n=46)

Cuno caafmad leh iyo daawo tayo leh "Healthy diet food and quality medicine" Male, Ceelasha biyaha.

oo joogta deynile nabada 2 tixgelin nolosha sida cunto dawo nadaafad "1. Peace 2. Supporting basic needs of the people like food and hygiene" Female, 36 years, Dayniile.

Dadkaan badar bisil iyo mid ceyriinba waa u baahan yihin sadaxda sano ee soo socoto

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"Give the people food both cooked and uncooked food" Male, Waberi, recently displaced.

Caafmaadka iyo Quudinta "Health and access to food" Female, 24 years, non displaced, Bossaso

Support for agriculture (2.2%, n=41)

Waxa muhiim ah in malgalin xaga beeraha iyo kaluumeysiga loo sameeyo sidoo kalana loo sameeyo hooy ay dagan intas hadii lahelo nolashoda wax badan ayaa iska badalayo mahadsanidiin "It's important to invest in our farming and fshing sector and provision of shelter if those things are provided, the people's welfare will improve" Male, 38 years, Dharkeenley.

2-si loo daryeelo bulshada waa in la giimeeyaa shilinka somaliga ah iyo waxyaabaha ay lasoo baxaan bulshada sida. Dalaga beeraha. Kaluunka iyo. Xoolaha nool oo ay kaga maarmi karaan kaalmo 1- We can care for the community's welfare by providing security so as to allow freedom of movement without fear 2- to improve communities welfare we need to put value to Somali currency and production from farming, fshing, livestock keeping, because these can can improve their lives.

Waxa ugu muhum san kob cinta beraha iyo cafmad ka "The most important things are improving our farms and healthcare" Male, 30 years, Kismayo.

In lacaawiyo bulshada qeybaheeda kaladuwan sida kuwa xoola dhaqatada ah ama kuwa ganacsiga yaryar. Labaduba laga caawiya sifo dhaqaalahooda usoo kobco kuwa xolo dhaqtadana lugu caawiyo Dawada xoolaha iyo gargaar dhaqaatiir taqaana cudurada xoolaha taas ayaa bulshada waxay uhorseedi kadhaa hormar iyo barwaaqo "We need to help the diferent groups of the community like livestock keepers, small business owners, So that they can progress in their felds. The government also should assist by providing animal vets that have experience in animal diseases" Male, 32 years, Kismayo.

Housing (1.7%, n=31)

Waxn jeclan lahaaaniga hada lajogo dadakb biyaha bara kiciye in loo dhiso guryo iyo musqulo ‘’I would like for internally displaced people to be provided with houses and toilets’’ Female, 20 years, KIsmayo.

Magaceygu waa oo joogto mugdisho ani waxay ilatahay arimahaas in la hagaajiyo mashruuca barakacayaasha loogu dhisaayo guryo iyo in sidoo kle la ogaado halka ay mareyso hadba Xaalada dadka soo barakacay ee aanan heysan hooy iyo cunno kuflan iyo caafmaadka oo shey qaaliya ku ah dhanka bulshada ‘’I think that we need to improve IDPs housing projects and also we need to be aware of the needs and conditions of the internally displaced people who do not have enough food, shelter and healthcare which is very important in human life’’ Female, 18 years, Yaqshid.

Waaxaa mudnan u leh waa in guryo losameya rashin iyo biyo iyo dhar losa meya ‘’It's important to prioritize on provision of shelter, food, water and clothing’’ Male, 20 years, Wadajir.

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Jooga Mogadisho, labada arimood ee bulshada mudnaata u leh waa 1:waa in lahelaa degaan nadiif ah sida in lasameeyo bulaacado marka roobku yimaado meelaha biyo fariisiga ah looga hortago, 2:waa in la helaa waxyaabaha bulshada aas aasiga u ah sida guryo raqiis ah oo dhulkaan qaaliga ah wax laga qabtaaa loona sameeyo qiimo go,an mahadsanidiin. ‘’The two important things that we need to prioritize on are 1: we need to have clean residence through good drainage and sewage systems during the rainy seasons 2: we need to have basic society needs like afordable housing and lands’’ Male, 31 years, Mogadishu.

Resettlement/return (1.0%, n=19)

ok marka hore waxaa xag u leh qo hoo tiyada waa in la daryeelo oo loo sameeyo dib u dajin "First of all we should put frst the rights of IDPs by caring for their resettlement" Baidoa.

Asc 1 sameyinta miya xireen wawiga shabele 2 waa in dib u dejin loo sameya barakayaasha "Greetings 1 building water blockage for river shabelle 2. We need to do resettlement for IDPs" Female, 68 years, Baidoa.

1-waa in dib udajin loo sameeyo barakacayaasha. 2-waa in garsoor cadaalad ah ay helaan dadka dacadiyada loo geysto. 3-waa in aanan bulshada laga dhexsaarin dadka latakooro oo lagu dhexmilmo tusaale waa in wiilashooda loo guuriyaa gabdhaha kale. Gabdhahoodana laga guursadaa, mahad sanid, “1- We need to have resettlement for internally displaced people 2- We need to have fair justice system 3- We need to stop discrimination against minorities and allow them to interact and and marry other tribes.” Male, 35 years, Beldweyne, recently displaced.

mida 1 aad waa iney helaan bulshadu amni kuflan tan 2 aadne dib udajin rasmi ah “Firstly is for the community to have peace secondly is to have ofcial resettlement.” Female, 28 years, Dharkenley.

Building resilience against droughts (1.0%, n=18)

ASC waxan jooga gaalkacyo haddii aan guda galo fkirkay labada arrimood ee Mudnanta uleh hajinta daryeelka bulshada 1£/waa in bulshada loosameeya ganacsiyo yaryar 2£/waa in dadka dhaqatada ah loosameeyo meelo waqti roobka meelo ay kukeydsadan siay xilliyada abaaraha "Greetings. The two things that we need to prioritize on are 1.small businesses for the community so that they can sustain themselves during drought and foods 2. Store food to be used during droughts and food seasons" Male, Galkacyo.

Asalaamucaleykum bahda hage waxaan rabi lahaa in aad su'aalaha kusoo dartaan fatahaadaha soo noqnoqda ee kubadanaya gayiga iyo abaaraha saameynta daran geeysto iyo wabixireenka aay idtoobiya kasameeysay wabiga juba ee mara dhulka aadka ubalaaran ee soomaalida kunooshahay "We need to put measures in place to help us counter the problems that are caused by droughts and foods" Male, 37 years, Luuq.

2da arimood wa ballaarinta waxbarashada iyo an aad looga taxadaro waxka qabashada musiibooyinka rabbaanigaa sida daadadka iyo abaaraha mahadsinidiin

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"The two things we need to work on are, putting more efort on education and coming up with procedures to counter disasters like drought and foods " Male, 30 years, Dhusamareeb.

Stop drug abuse (0.5%, n=10)

Asc waxan rabaa in ay dowladu canshuurta ku badiso waxa dabar goynayo dhalin yarada taabuuga iyo wixii lamid ah plz "Greetings the government to increase tax on drugs so as to discourage the youth consumption of drugs" Female, 18 years, Hodan

in bulshada laga qabta muqaadaradka waayo dib u dhaca dalkeena waxaa horseed u ah muqaadaraadka oo dhalinteena dhamaantooda ka dhigay maqane jooge waxaana nogula si aayna dhalinteena burburka dalka u fahmn "Fight against drug abuse because it is making our youth useless" Bulo Burte.

In Lajooji Sigaarka Muqaadaraadka Iyo Iwm “Stop cigarette smoking and all sorts of drug abuse” Male, 15 years, Warta Nabada, recently displaced.

waa in lahelaa bulsho isku xiran waa in lahelaa hage bulshe OO an waxa balwad ah laheen waa in laheelaa xafiska ururka bulshada. "We need to have a community that is united and one that is against drug abuse, we also need to have community centres that tackle these things" Male, 21 years, Cabudwaaq.

Tax utilization (0.5%, n=9)

Ku nol degmada holwadag.bulshada waxaa lagu daryeli kara sadexda sano ee soo socota dhaqalaha kaimada canshuradka ee dowlada qaado iyado wax logu qabanayo dadka danyarta ah loguna xaqabtirayo bahiyaha ee qaban.iskulad lacag la'aan inloo furo ardayda iyo goobo cafmad.waxaa sido kale xusid mudan inlo furo goobo lagu daryelo carurta kudhibatesan gidarada wayo iyaga waa ubixii dalka "We can improve the welfare of the community in the coming three years through proper tax utilization by the government, this can be done by using taxes collected to improve the living standard of the people, help the less fortunate and to care for the welfare of the children who have health issues" Female, 18 years, Howlwadaag.

Asc waxan rabaa in ay dowladu canshuurta ku badiso waxa dabar goynayo dhalin yarada taabuuga iyo wixii lamid ah plz Greeting i would like for the government to increase tax on things that cause annihilation of youth like drugs and others Female, 18 years, Hodan.

Asc asxaabt waxan jooga muqdisho gaar ahaan dagmada hodan da.duwaa 19 jir fkradeeda 1:waa inlaga caawiyo daryeelka bulshada magaalada 2:waa in qofwalbo oo lagu taageera nolol maalimeedkiisa si oo ubixiyo canshuurata daryelka muqdisho 3:doolada waa in lala xisaabtamo arimaha deegaanka Ugudanbeen:ogow maanta hadaadan isku tashan biri talada ayaa kaawareesidoonto "Greetings 1: support community’s welfare 2: support everyone’s income generation so they can pay taxes which can be used to manage and maintain Mogadishu" Male, 19 years, Mogadishu.

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Asc asxaabta KNN magacu waa xamza ibraahiim oo jooga muqdisho gaar ahaan dagmada hodan da.duwaa 19 jir fkradeeda. 1:waa inlaga caawiyo daryeelka bulshada magaalada 2:waa in qofwalbo oo lagu taageera nolol maalimeedkiisa si oo ubixiyo canshuurata daryelka muqdisho 3:doolada waa in lala xisaabtamo arimaha deegaanka. Ugudanbeen:ogow maanta hadaadan isku tashan biri talada ayaa kaawareesidoonto "Greetings, 1. help people’s needs 2. support everyone’s income generation so that they will be able to pay tax that can be used in the maintenance of mogadishu 3. Hold the government accountable on issues concerning the community, lastly we need to work together towards progress" Male, 19 years, Mogadishu.

Asc waxan rabaa in ay dowladu canshuurta ku badiso waxa dabar goynayo dhalin yarada taabuuga iyo wixii lamid ah plz "The government to increase tax on things that limit youth’s progress like drugs and others" Female, 18 years, Hodan.

Waxaan joog galkaciy 1 waa in ay ilaa liyan nadafada deeganka 2 waa in ay ilaa liyan canshuurta waxaan s u aal weydinayan wasiirka dadka gancsata waxa lag qaada "1. Improve on hygiene of the community 2. to have accountability towards tax collected from business people" Male, 18 years, Galkayo.

Asc. Waxaa jira waxyaabo badn oo dalku u bahanyhy sida 1:waxbarasho tayo leh 2:dowlad wanag 3:ku dhaqmidda tastuurka 4: iyo in dowladu ay kasbato shacabkeda si lo helo wada shaqayn dhab ah caburintana laga dayo shacabka maxa yelay dowladnimadu wa in dadka logu adego ee mahan in lagu dhibateyo shacabka, shacabkuna bixiyan canshuraha si dalka logu samata bixiyo 5: In cidwalba oo wax tabanysa dowlada ama mucaradka ay wada hadlan mxa yelay wada hadalku wa waxa kaliya ee lgu heshin karo "Greetings there a lot of things that we need to improve on like 1. quality education 2. better governance 3. following the constitution 4. Collaboration between citizens and the government , because the role of the government it to provide services to its people and the role of the people is to pay taxes so that those services can be provided 5. Anyone who is in confict to communicate because it’s through communication that resolution can be reached" Male, 21 years, Yaqshiid

UMADDAN CID DARYEELEYSAAHI MAJIRTEE DHIBAATADA HALAGA DAAYO. TUSAALOOYIN BAAN KUSIINAYAA NIN MUDO 3O.SANO AH AAN WAX SHAQO AH QABAN ILMAHA SHAXAAD KU KORIYA HOSPITALADII CANSHUURTIISA LAGU DHISAY DAD AJNABI AH LASIIYEY GABAR UUDHALAY OO FOOLANEYSA WAA LAQALAA LAYIRI KILLI WAA LAGALA BAXAY KUN DOOLAR AYAA LOODIRAY 5 CISHO KADIB QARAABADIISII AYAA USOO URURISAY MARKUU KEENAY 1500 BAA LAGAA DOONAYAA BAA LAYIRI, SCHOOLADII CARUURTII DHAQAALE AWGEED AYUU KALA BAXAY LABA JIINGAD OO UDHISNEY HOOBIYE AYAA SHABAQ LOOGA DHIGAY LAMAYEERI QARAABA SIISAY BUU SAARAN WAAYEY 100$ HADAADAN DIIBIN SAARI MEYSID BAA "Nobody cares for this nation welfare for example for the last 30 years there was no employment, hospitals that are built with taxpayers money are given to foreigners who mistreat the people who go to these hospitals for personal gains , schools that are built with taxpayers money are also underfunded with poor construction that can barely stand as a school" Male, 40 years, Yaqshid.

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Labada arimood ee Aniga iigu muhiimsan waa in lahelo dowlad cirib jarto moorayaanta xaafadaha joogta iyo canshuurta oo hal meel ku dhacdo "The two important things are, to have a government that completely destroys gangsters in local areas and to have proper process of tax collection" Male, 50 years, Dharkeenley.

Messages in response to the question “Who is responsible for making important decisions in your community”

National Government (45.9%, n=411)

Go'aan qaadashada arimaha muhiimka ah ee bulshada Waxa masu'ul ka ah madaxdeeda Wax waliba ay ubaahanyihiin oo baahiyahooda ah “The leaders of the country are responsible for making important decisions and taking care of peoples’ needs.” Female, 18 years, Warta nabada.

Madaxweynaha "The president " Female, 24 years, Bosaso.

Waxa masul ka ah madaxda dalka “The leaders of the country are responsible for decision making.” Female, 18 years.

MARKA.HORE.ALE.AYAA.MASUUL.AH.MARKA.MADAXWEYNAHA.AYAA.UDHAARTAY.MASUULIYADA.B ULSHADA "First of all, God is responsible and secondly the president took an oath to be responsible for the people" Male, 55 years, Hiraan.

Madaxda dalka sida madahweynaha “The leaders of the country such as the president.” Male, 25 years, Baidoa.

Waxaa masuulka ah dowlada fadaraalka soomaalia waayo ayidaa masuulka ah dalkagudihiisa ayidaana dadka lagarabaa ineey waxyaabaha muhiimka uah ineey farto kanareebto wixii uxun mahadsanidiin “The Federal government is responsible for decision making” Male, 15 years, Bula barde.

Dawlada “The government” Male, 29 years, Warta nabada.

Traditional leaders (18.9%, n=169)

Madaxda dhaqanka “Traditional leaders are responsible for decision making.” Male, 28 years, Luuq.

Odeyaal ama nabadoono kuwaas oo caqabad ku ah amniga iyo magangalyada deegaanada, waxayna wax walbo ku xaliyaan hab qabiil, majiro go'aan gaaris iyaga ka sareesa bulshada dhexdeeda, waxaan ku fakaraa in aan ka guurno nidaamkaas foosha xun oo wax walbo ay ka go'aan gaaran sharciga iyo xaquuqda aadanaha dadka ka shaqeeya si nabadgalyo iyo jaceyl loogu arimiyo go'aamada bulshada ,

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“The traditional leaders who always hinder the peace and security of the region and solve issues using clan norms are the ones who are making the most important decisions in the community which is a terrible thing and sometimes I even think about moving out of this place just because of them” Female 19 years, Garowe.

Ugaasyada ayaa mas,uul ka ah go,aan gaarista bulshada dhaxdeeda waayo odeyda waa dhaqankii iyo xeerkii soomaaliya dowlad lacaan isku maamuli jireen xitaa askarta dowlada markii sabab dhacado ama askarta qof disho ama dad dhaawacdo golaha malaaqyada ayaa wax haliya dhaaga qofka dhintey uqaada ee magta bixiya "Clan leaders are responsible for decision making within the community because prior to forms and systems of government somalia was governed by traditional leaders, they solved problems that faced the community and helped in delivering justice" Male, 41 years, Baidoa.

Waxa Goan ka garista leh odoyal dhaqamedyada degamada ay bulshadu ku noshahay “The important decision making is for the traditional leaders who exist in each community/region” Male 36 years, Galkayo.

The community (10.8%, n=97)

Waxaa mas uul ka ah bulshada soomaaliyeed maxaa yeelay dowlada ayada kaligeed ma lahan dalka “The community is responsible for decision making because the government does not own the country alone”. Female, Dharkenley.

Asc hage waxaa go.aan ka gaari kara gugaanka bulshada iyo dadka wax galka u ah bulshada magacu waa xasan yare oo jooga gubadley “Greetings Hage, the community and intelligent people are responsible for decision making” Male, 25 years, Gubadley.

Bulshadu ayaga ayaa go aanka kagaaraya arimaha muhiimkaa “It is the community that makes important decisions.” Male, 30 years, Galkayo .

waxaa GO.ANKA GAARI KARO DHAMMAN BULSHADA QEYBAHOODA KALA DUWAN AYADO AAN CIDNA LARIIXEYN AMA AMA LAGG HIILANEYN “The whole community and without leaving any one out is responsible for decision making.” Male 35 years, Baidoa.

Waxaa mas.uul ka ah bulsho isku xiran “A united community is responsible for decision making ” Female 20 years, Galgaduud.

Asc go'aan qaadashada waxaa muhiim ah in ay isla bulshada go'aankaa gaarto ilee wada tashigaa guul lagu gaaraa . Aduunka furuu lee yahay furahaasna bulshadaa haysa “It’s important for the community to consult before making decisions because through consultations we can have success” Female, 15 years, Galkayo.

Waxa ka ah qofka bulshada hoga minaaya! ama masulka eh.sida madaxwenaha! gudomiyaha degmada! ..midka.shaqsigana waridkisa! askarta taliyahoda! ARDEGA maclinkisa ! HAWENEYDA .Zowjkeyda! )

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"The person who leads the community like president, the district commissioner, parents, police and husbands" Female, 16 years, Beled hawo.

Experts/scholars (9.7%, n=87)

waxaa mas uul ka ah dadka kiisa wax garanaya ee dadka ku dhex nool walaale birabay aa iga go ane iisoo dir “Those responsible for decision making are the knowledgeable ones who live amongst us.” Female, 25 years, Bal’ad.

waxa mas'ul ka ah aqonyahanada,cuqaasha,wax-garadka. “The scholars and the traditional elders are responsible for decision making in the community.” Male, Shibis.

Waxaa mas.uul ka ah marka hore ALAAH marka xigta cuqaasha iyo culimada “First Allah is responsible second the religious leaders and the wise people” Male, 20 years, Cabudwaaq.

Local authority (8.8, n=79)

Mamulka ka taliyo mesha. “The local authority” Male, 18yrs, Jowhar, IDP.

Waxa masul ka ah go an qadashada dagma walbo gudomiya heda in u wax u qabto dadkisa “The district commissioner is responsible for making important decisions in the community” Male, 25 years, Recently displaced.

Wax go an ka gari karo gudumiyah magald "The district commissioner is responsible for decision making" Female, 23 years, Luuq.

Awalan Asc waxaa masuulka ah mamulka deganka kajira "Greetings frst, the administration in that area is responsible for decision making" Male, 17 years, Warta nabada.

Cida mamulka haysa ama cida wax garadka ah. "People who are incharge of that administration or the wise elders" Male, 24 years, Garowe.

Waxa mas uulka ah cidi marka mamulka iyo talada uhayo bulshada "People who are in charge of that local administration are responsible" Male, ceelasha biyaha, Recently displaced.

Waxaa masoolka ah mamulka degmoyinka "District administrations are responsible for decision making" Female, 22 years, Deyniile.

Religious leaders (7.0%, n=63)

Waxaa go aan qaadasho.iska leh.culumada.cilmiga.shareecada taqaan.iyo ninkasto.oo alle kacabsi daaima.markii xaqa.ladayo aana umadaas.loogargaaraa.ee aan noqano.kuwiixaqa.raaca

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oonkajeesan. digniin.umadii xeeru dhaqan.koryeesa ooxaqa illoowda eebbe.wuu u caroodaa.eexaqa aan raacnoon.cadaalada aadno.siaan.uhelno nabad.iyo.nolol.fican.iyo naxariisbadan.ogow.dadow.qofkaan.alle kacabsanin.alle kamaceliyo ciqaabtiisa. “Scholars who have knowledge on the sharia law of islam and anyone who follows Gods teachings, so that we become those who are on the right path. Beware those who don't follow God's teaching they will not receive his blessing” Male, 32 years, Mudug.

CULIMADA “Islamic scholars” Male, Banadir

Everyone (5.2%, n=47)

Khaf kasta asaga ayaa masuul ka ah “Everyone is responsible for making important decisions” Male, 27 years, Banadir.

Cid walibo oo wax garada lehna caqli dherada “Everyone with sound mind and intelligence” Female 19 years, Bondheere.

Asc hage waxan jooga muqdisho go aanka wxaa iskale cid wlboo bolshada wxtari karta af iya adinba mahdsanidiin hage “The decision making is for everyone who is capable of making a diference in the community” Male 28 years, Bondheere.

Waxamuuka ah qof asta oo waxakaqabankara bahida bulshada “Everyone who can make a diference is responsible for making important decisions” Male 34 years, Dayniile.

The parents (4.5%, n=40)

Waa lidkey “My parents are responsible” 13 yars, Dhusamareeb.

Waalidkeyga “My parents” Female, 23yrs, IDP.

Walalaheyga iyo waalidkeyga “My siblings and parents” Male, 20yrs, Karaan.

Youth (3.1%, n=28)

Waxaa mas,ul ka ah dhalin yarada maxaa yeelay go,anka manta laqaato wuxuu berri samayn ku reebi doonaa dhalin yarada maanta hadii uu wanagsanado go,anku waa ay gulaysten lkn hadii uu ahaa midan laga firsan berri samen xun ayuu yeelan doonaa “Those responsible for decision making today are the youth because these decisions are going to afect them tomorrow and so it is important to involve them and make good decisions.” Male, 20 years, Guriceel

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Anag aya masul kah hadi aeynu nahay dhalinta somaleyed markan leyahayna dhalinta makala rebin rag iyo dumar duq am dayar “It is us the Somali youth who are in charge and when I say youth I mean men, women old and young” Male, 25 years.

Men (2.8%, n=25)

Raga aamasul ka ah “The men are responsible” Male, 33 years, Yaqshiid.

Wxaa masuulkaah raga sabtu waa hoganka bulshada hadeytah dolad ilaa qoyokasta ragbaa hogaamiya “it is the men who are responsible for making the important decisions” Female, Hiiraan.

Women (2.1%, n=19)

Bulshadu waxaa udubdhexaad u,ah haweynka iyagaanaleh go,aan qaadasho dhab ah waa hadii aqoonijirto “The women are the pillars of the society and making important decisions is their role” Male, 34 years, Wadajir, IDP.

Haweenka “Women” 49 years, Warta Nabada.

Waxa Ma Suul Ka Ah Haweenka Iyo Wax Garadka “It is the women and the wise people who are responsible for making important decisions” Female 16 years, Bosaaso.

Messages in response to the question “If you experience problems with service delivery, who do you go to in your community to help you resolve it?”

Family and friends (26.7%, n=226)

Waxan kala kashta xaskeyga "I consult with my wife." Male, 29 years, Mogadishu.

Waxan kala kaashadaa qoyskayga iyo qaraabada iidhaw dhaw “I consult with my family and my close relatives." Female, 25 years , Recently displaced.

Azxaab tayada "My friends" Female, 15 years, Mudug.

Asxaab day iyo waalid key "My friends and parents" Male, 25 years, Mogadishu.

dadka iidhow "People who are close to me" Female, 36 years, Bosaso.

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Maya.walaal.waxaan.lanoolahay.hooyadey.&walaala;.hay " I consult with my mother and siblings" Female, 15 years, Yaqshiid.

Aabe "Father" Female, 24 years.

waxan kala kashadaa hoyadey macan eyo saxibadey "I consult with my dear mother and friends " 20 years, Dhuusamareeb.

Wxn lakashadaa arimaha igu agkada wllkey iyo asxbteyda "I consult with my dear brother and friends" Male, 18 years, Beled weyne.

Ninka iqawa "The man I am married to." Female, 20 years, Kismayo.

Community (17.1%, n=145)

Dariska ama shirkada bixisa adeega “I consult my neighbours and the service deliverers.” Male, 27 years, Banadir.

Waxaa iga caawiya bulshada aan iskudhaladkanahay Female, 17 years, Galgaduud. “I consult the community at large”. Female, 17 years, Galgaduud.

Waxaan la kaa shadaa beesheyda "I consult with my community" Male, 16 years, Jowhar.

Dhaman somali maxamed N/A “I consult the Somali community”. Female, 17 years, Celasha biyaha.

Experts/scholars (15.2%, n=129)

Waxaa caawin weydiisadaa dadka kuxeel dheer sheygaas oo aad ugaranaya "I seek assistance from people who are experts on those situations." Male, 20 years.

Waxaan kala kaashan lahaa qofka aan isleeyahay markaas wax ayoow kugu dhaamaa ama dadka xeesha dheer uleh adeega gaarsiineed ee uu yahay markaa waa mahadsantihiin "I consult with those people who have experience in service provision " Male, 18 years, Guricel.

Waxaa kala ka shadaa qof u leh qibrad adeegas "I consult with someone who has experience in that feld." Female, 28 years, Beledweyne.

Waxaan kulakaashan lahaa waxgaradka "I consult with people who are experienced" Male, 16 years, Baidoa.

Hadaba qofkii igaa qibrad fcaan "Someone who is more experienced than me." Female, 19 years, Cadaado.

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Waxaan kala kaashadaa Dadka wax garadka ah ee wax igala qaban kara arintaa "I consult with intellects, so that they can help me with that issue." Female, 29 years, Bur salah.

Marka ugu horeyso waxan la kaashan laha wax garadka ugu muhimsan bulshada dhexdeeda “First of all I will consult with the most important intellectuals in the community" Male, Karaan.

National government (10.7, n=91)

DOWLADA FEDERALKA "The federal government " 50 years, Karaan.

Madaxwenaha "President" Female, Garowe.

WASIIRKA ISGAARSIINTA "Minister of communication " Male, 19 years, Galkacyo.

Asc jooga dayniile gaar ahaan gubta hadaan ka jawaaba su aasha waxaan isleeyahay inaytahay maamulka iyo madaxda wadanka iyo odiyaasha "I think we should consult the government, the leaders of the country and the elders" Male, 20 years, Dayniile.

WAXAY KALAKAASHATAA WAZAARADA "They consult the ministries.”’ Female, 15 years, Baidoa.

God (9.1%, n=77)

Degan.hir.sh.j0whar.gar.ahan.tulada.bananey,caqabada.shaqsi.ahaan.i.s00.wajahd0.waxan.ka.kasht a..ALLAH..00.an.isku.da.jiya..iftinka..iimankeyga,mahad.sanid "Any problem I encounter I consult with Allah." Male, 26 years, Jowhar.

Waxaan laka shadaa alle "I consult with Allah." Male, 35 years, Mogadishu.

Aniga markan cules daremo ama dhibato kle igu sokordho waxan tukada lawo rakco waxa uniyesta inetahay istiq faar allahna wn baryaa in bdn "Whenever I face problem I pray to God and ask him to make things easy for me." Male 19 years, Howlwadaag.

Waxaan kala kaashadaa allaa waa na ku sabraa masiibo kasto "I consult with Allah and I am patient through any problem that I might face." Male, recently displaced.

Local government (8.1%, n=69)

Qafka gudoomiyaha ah ama maamulkena ayaanlakashtaa nagana cawiya "I consult with a person who is in charge of where we live and they help us" Female, 19 years, Wadajir.

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Waxan lakashtaa maamulada hoose sida gudiyasha bulshada ama guddoo miyasha gudiyada hoos taggan "I consult with the local government like community committee or the chairmen that are under them " Male, 21 years, Baidoa.

Waxan kala kaashan jahaa badhasaabka, gudoomiyaha, bulshada iyo cilaacadaha "I consult with the governor, district commissioner, community and the radio stations" Male, 20 years, Badhan.

Duqa mesh aanjoga iyo qofwalbo oo aan isdhihikaro hadad lawadagto xal ayaad kagareysaa dhibtan o isgarsinta uhoreyso dhanka Adecadaha. "Mayor of that place and anyone who I think will be helpful in my situation like radio stations" Male, Baardheere.

Aad baa umahad san tihiin aniga ahan waxan kala kashada familkega iyo asaxabteda oo aad isku cawina dhan kastaba hanoqote hadi ay inaga culusta hana waxaynu laka shana mamulka degmadena iyo hay daha ku shaqadaleh "I consult with my family members and friends who help me alot and if it’s something that they can not help with we consult with local authorities and agencies that are in charge of these matters" Male, Cabdicasiis.

Mamulka degmadaas ankusu ganahay iyo waxgaradka "I consult with the local authorities of that area and the elders" Female, 22 years, Dayniile.

Waxan kala kashada deganka an ku nolahay g/miyihisa iyo mamulka deganka "I consult with diferent parties in the community and the local authority" Male, 36 years, Galkayo.

waxan kala kashada mamulka ka jiro deganka an ku Nolahay "I consult with the authorities in the area i live in" Male, 23 years, recently displaced.

Waxan kala kashalahaa bulshada qebaheda kala duwan iyo mamulka dagmada "I consult with diferent sections of the community and the local authority" Male, 25 years, Bula burte.

Waxan kashta mamulka degmadeyda ama waaxda idhow ee aan ku suganahay xiliga aan dhiwatey sanahay “I consult with authorities in my district or the departments that are close to me when i am facing problems" Male 28 years, Xuddur, recently displaced.

Service deliverers (7.0%, n=59)

Waxa aan kala kaashtaa xarumaha is gaarsiina iyo saaxibada ii dhaw "I will consult with service delivery centres and my close friends" Male, 20 years, Yaqshiid.

Bulshada iyo dadka ku shaqada leh gaarsiinta adeega ee bulshada sida lamaha dowlada "Community and the people who are in charge of delivering social services like branches of government.” Male, 21 years, Yaaqshiid.

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WAXAN LA XARIRAA DAD AY QUSEYSO ARINKAS XALINTISA "I consult with people who deliver those services" Male, 27 years, Abudwaaq.

Waxaan kala kaa shan karaa dadka eybulshada ka qosayda isgaar siinta "I consult with people who are in charge of service delivery" Female, 21 years, Dhuusamareeb.

Traditional leaders (6.8%, n=58)

Waxan Kalata Shada Dad Oday Dhaqamedka Ah "I consult with traditional elders" Male, 19 years, Karaan.

Odidhaqameedka deeganka jooga "Traditional elders who are in the community" Male.

Odaye yaasha dhaqanka ayaan kala kaashata wiix jira "I consult with traditional elders on rising issues" Male, 25 years, Mogadishu.

Waxan Kalata Shada Dad Oday Dhaqamedka Ah "I consult with traditional elders " Male, 19 years, Karaan.

UGASKA "Leaders of tribes " Male, 50 years, Lower jubba.

Waxan lakashada odayal dhaqamedka besheyda wayo waxan ahay reer gowal waxay soo go. amiyan ayan iska qadana "I consult with traditional elders of my tribe because i live in a regional area and i am to obey their decisions " Female, 18 years, Kismayo.

Everyone (4.6%, n=39)

Run ahaanti waxaan kala kaashadaa ruuxkasto oo igu siinkaro garab muhiim ah "Truth be told, I consult with everyone who can give me a hand" Female,16 years, Beled weyne.

Qofkii aan kuu kalsonahay ama dumar amaa raag "Anyone who is trustworthy either male or female" Male, 40 years, Dhuusamareeb, Recently displaced.

Gof alala qofki an isdhaho wa ku cawinkara "Everyone who I think can help me" Male, 18 years, Baidoa.

Waxaan kala kaashadaa cidkasta oo wax ka qabankarto "I consult with everyone who can help me " Male, 25 years, Kismayo.

Qof walba on markas is le yahay weyka cawin karta arinka tagan ayaan ula taga si an ula tashto "Everyone that I think is able to help on the situation at hand " Female 27 years, Yaaqshiid.

Media (3.5%, n=30)

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Waxaan kala kaashadaa war baahinta gaar ahaan Baraha Bulshada saaxiibadeyda iigu dhow "I consult with the media, especially social media and my close friends" Male, 25 years.

Baraha bulshada "Social media" Male, 67 years, Galguduud.

Waxaan lawadaagaa F.M yada waa meelaha ugu muhiimsgn ee wax gudbiyo "I consult with radio stations, because they are the most signifcant platform for sharing your problems" Male, 20 years, Dharkeenleey.

Adeecada war isgarsinta "Radio stations "

Al xamdu lilah hormar ayaa lakaray cidacadaha & talafeshinada ayan lakashan laha ok "Thanks to God we have progressed there is radio and TV station where we can share our issues " Male, 32 years, Baidoa.

Saxafyiinta qaarkood “Some journalists" Female,17 years, Bossaso.

Religious leaders (3.4%, n=29)

Waxan kala tashta culumada iyo dhaqanka waxan aminsanahay dintena islamka in loga bixikaro culeys yada "I consult with religious scholars, I believe that our religion can help us with all our problems" Male, 50 years, Lower Juba.

Waxaa mas uul ka. ah culumada iyo dawlada "I consult religious leaders and government " Male, 15 years, Balcad.

Waxaan lakaashadaa asxpta kuwa da,da waa weyn ee dhanka diinta kufcn iyo dhanka madiga si ay iisiiyaan talooyin aan kaga hortagi karo dhibatadii isoo wajahde Female, 19 years, Kaxda. “I consult my older friends who are good with religion so that they can give me ideas that can help me overcome the problems I am facing.” Female, 19 years, Kaxda.

Culumada ayaan kala kaashanayaa "I consult with religious leaders" Male, 33 years, Beledweyne.

Police (1.3%, n=11)

Cidanka amnika waa in ay bulshada waxa dhib oo heesto ka cawiyaan bulshadana loshiga hadey ay dhiwato hesato gaarseyan cidanka amnika cidankana se dagdag ah wax uku qabtan “It is the police because they are the ones who should assist the community if they face any challenges”. Female, 20 years, Heliwaa.

55 Africa’s Voices Foundation

HADII aan la kulmo dhib qatar leh oo an xalin waya waxaan wargaliyaa laamaha amniga Male, 25 years, Hodan. “If I encounter a dangerous problem that I cannot resolve, I reach out to the police.” Male, 25 years, Hodan.

Haddii dhibaato isoo gaarto xagga gaarsiinta adeega Waxa bulshada kala kaashanayaa 1_odeyasha dhaqanka 2_booliska sababto ah boliska waa ilaaliyaha xanti iyo naf iyo ka hortaga dembiyada iyo kadabtaga dembiiliyaasha “If I encounter a problem with service delivery I consult the traditional leaders, police so that they can assist in resolving the problem.” Male, 23 years, Baidoa.

Booliis “I consult the police.” 20 years.

Waxaan kala tashanaa ciidanka amniga iyo ruux I caawinkara ayaan dhihi “I would say that I consult with the security agents and those people who I feel can assist me.” Male, 16 years, Lower Jubba.

Isteeshinka Female, 28 years. “The police station.” Female, 28 years

Waxan kala kashada lamaha amniga iyo kuwa isgarsinta “I consult the security personnel and the service deliverers.” Male, 21 years, Warta nabada.

Dadka khibrada uleh sida social workers iyo cidamada amanka . “I consult people with experience like social workers and security agents.” Male, 24 years, Punt land.

Business people (0.9%, n=8)

Waxan markaas kala tashan lahaa qof alle qofkii iga weyn oo iga garaad weyn sida ganacsatayaasha "I consult everyone who is more capable than me like business people" 21 years, Mogadishu.

Waxan kala kaashan lahaa gancsadayaasha "I will consult with business people" Male, Guriel.

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ANNEX 3: Radio transcript

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