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Unfree Labor, Capitalism and Contemporary Forms of Slavery
Unfree Labor, Capitalism and Contemporary Forms of Slavery Siobhán McGrath Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science, New School University Economic Development & Global Governance and Independent Study: William Milberg Spring 2005 1. Introduction It is widely accepted that capitalism is characterized by “free” wage labor. But what is “free wage labor”? According to Marx a “free” laborer is “free in the double sense, that as a free man he can dispose of his labour power as his own commodity, and that on the other hand he has no other commodity for sale” – thus obliging the laborer to sell this labor power to an employer, who possesses the means of production. Yet, instances of “unfree labor” – where the worker cannot even “dispose of his labor power as his own commodity1” – abound under capitalism. The question posed by this paper is why. What factors can account for the existence of unfree labor? What role does it play in an economy? Why does it exist in certain forms? In terms of the broadest answers to the question of why unfree labor exists under capitalism, there appear to be various potential hypotheses. ¾ Unfree labor may be theorized as a “pre-capitalist” form of labor that has lingered on, a “vestige” of a formerly dominant mode of production. Similarly, it may be viewed as a “non-capitalist” form of labor that can come into existence under capitalism, but can never become the central form of labor. ¾ An alternate explanation of the relationship between unfree labor and capitalism is that it is part of a process of primary accumulation. -
Squatting – the Real Story
Squatters are usually portrayed as worthless scroungers hell-bent on disrupting society. Here at last is the inside story of the 250,000 people from all walks of life who have squatted in Britain over the past 12 years. The country is riddled with empty houses and there are thousands of homeless people. When squatters logically put the two together the result can be electrifying, amazing and occasionally disastrous. SQUATTING the real story is a unique and diverse account the real story of squatting. Written and produced by squatters, it covers all aspects of the subject: • The history of squatting • Famous squats • The politics of squatting • Squatting as a cultural challenge • The facts behind the myths • Squatting around the world and much, much more. Contains over 500 photographs plus illustrations, cartoons, poems, songs and 4 pages of posters and murals in colour. Squatting: a revolutionary force or just a bunch of hooligans doing their own thing? Read this book for the real story. Paperback £4.90 ISBN 0 9507259 1 9 Hardback £11.50 ISBN 0 9507259 0 0 i Electronic version (not revised or updated) of original 1980 edition in portable document format (pdf), 2005 Produced and distributed by Nick Wates Associates Community planning specialists 7 Tackleway Hastings TN34 3DE United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1424 447888 Fax: +44 (0)1424 441514 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nickwates.co.uk Digital layout by Mae Wates and Graphic Ideas the real story First published in December 1980 written by Nick Anning by Bay Leaf Books, PO Box 107, London E14 7HW Celia Brown Set in Century by Pat Sampson Piers Corbyn Andrew Friend Cover photo by Union Place Collective Mark Gimson Printed by Blackrose Press, 30 Clerkenwell Close, London EC1R 0AT (tel: 01 251 3043) Andrew Ingham Pat Moan Cover & colour printing by Morning Litho Printers Ltd. -
The “Ill Kill'd” Deer: Poaching and Social Order in the Merry Wives of Windsor
The “ill kill’d” Deer: Poaching and Social Order in The Merry Wives of Windsor Jeffrey Theis Nicholas Rowe once asserted that the young Shakespeare was caught stealing a deer from Sir Thomas Lucy’s park at Charlecote. The anecdote’s truth-value is clearly false, yet the narrative’s plausibility resonates from the local social customs in Shakespeare’s Warwickshire region. As the social historian Roger Manning convincingly argues, hunting and its ille- gitimate kin poaching thoroughly pervaded all social strata of early modern English culture. Close proximity to the Forest of Arden and nu- merous aristocratic deer parks and rabbit warrens would have steeped Shakespeare’s early life in the practices of hunting and poaching whether he engaged in them or only heard stories about them.1 While some Shakespeare criticism attends directly or indirectly to the importance of hunting in the comedies, remarkably, there has been no sustained analysis of poaching’s importance in these plays.2 In part, the reason for the oversight might be lexicographical. The word “poaching” never occurs in any of Shakespeare’s works, and the first instance in which poaching means “to take game or fish illegally” is in 1611—a decade after Shakespeare composed his comedies.3 Yet while the word was not coined for another few years, Roger Manning proves that illegal deer killing was a socially and politically explosive issue well before 1611. Thus, the “ill kill’d deer” Justice Shallow refers to in Act One of The Merry Wives of Windsor situates the play within a socially resonant discourse where illegal deer killing brings to light cultural assumptions imbedded within the legal hunt. -
Adam Smith: Founder of Economics
Adam Smith: Founder of Economics Robert M. Coen Professor Emeritus of Economics Northwestern Alumnae Continuing Education January 5, 2017 Adam Smith, 1723-1790 John Rattray, 1707-71 Signatory of First Rules of Golf (1744) Ways of Coordinating Economic Activity Traditional Structures Authoritarian Structures Market structures Reasons for Slow Development of Markets Popularity of Mercantilism Government promotes exports, stifles imports Favored industries get subsidies, protection, monopoly franchises Establish and exploit foreign colonies Accumulate riches (gold) for royalty Reasons for Slow Development of Markets Popularity of Mercantilism Avarice regarded as sin False Principles of Trade Boston Minister John Cotton, 1639 A man might sell as dear as he can and buy as cheap as he can If a man lose some of his goods, say by accident at sea, he may raise the price of the rest He may sell at the price he bought, even though he paid too much Reasons for Slow Development of Markets Popularity of Mercantilism Avarice regarded as sin Indifferent attitudes toward personal betterment Prevalence of local taxes on movement of goods Lack of standardization of weights and measures Multiple currencies Resistance to innovation Land, labor, and capital not developed concepts Factors Promoting Development of Markets Enclosure of commons Ringleaders of the Enclosure Movement Rural Life After Enclosure of the Commons Factors Promoting Development of Markets Enclosure of commons Political consolidation and centralization Decay of religious spirit Bernard Mandeville, -
Table of Contents Perspectives on Anarchist Theory
Table of Contents Introduction 2 Maia Ramnath Atmospheric Dialectics 8 Javier Sethness The Climate Crisis or the Crisis of Climate Politics? 26 perspectives Andre Pusey & Bertie Russell All Power to the People 48 on anarchist Lara Messersmith-Glavin theory Movements for Climate Action 56 Brian Tokar v.12 n.2 What We’re Reading 76 fall 2010 Cindy Crabb, John Duda, & Joshua Stevens Editorial Collective: Lara Messersmith-Glavin, Paul About the Illustrations 80 Messersmith-Glavin, and Maia Call for Submissions 81 Ramnath. Anarchist Interventions 82 Layout & Cover Design: Josh About the IAS 84 MacPhee. Perspectives on Anarchist Theoryis a publication of the Institute for Anarchist Studies (IAS). The views expressed here do not necessarily re- flect the IAS. Contact us at perspectivesmagazine@ Special Thanks: Josh MacPhee, the googlegroups.com. New articles, many artists from Justseeds, Jon Keller, not contained in our print edition, are David Combs, Cindy Crabb, John continually posted on line at our website. Duda, Joshua Stevens, AK Press, and You can see them at Anarchiststudies.org, Charles at Eberhardt Press. just look under “Perspectives.” “The non-sustainability and bankruptcy of the ruling world order is fully evident. The need for alternatives has never been stronger....As we face the double closure of spaces by corporate globalisation and militarised police states, by economic fascism aided by po- litical fascism, our challenge is to reclaim our freedoms and the freedoms of our fellow beings.... At the heart of building alternatives and localising economic and political systems is the recovery of the commons and the reclaiming of community. Rights to natural resources are natural rights. -
John Clare, Poems Against Enclosure 1 John Clare (1793-1864)
John Clare, Poems Against Enclosure 1 John Clare (1793-1864) The Mores Far spread the moorey ground a level scene Bespread with rush and one eternal green That never felt the rage of blundering plough Though centurys wreathed spring’s blossoms on its brow Still meeting plains that stretched them far away In uncheckt shadows of green brown, and grey Unbounded freedom ruled the wandering scene Nor fence of ownership crept in between To hide the prospect of the following eye Its only bondage was the circling sky One mighty flat undwarfed by bush and tree Spread its faint shadow of immensity And lost itself, which seemed to eke its bounds In the blue mist the horizon’s edge surrounds Now this sweet vision of my boyish hours Free as spring clouds and wild as summer flowers Is faded all - a hope that blossomed free, And hath been once, no more shall ever be Inclosure came and trampled on the grave Of labour’s rights and left the poor a slave And memory’s pride ere want to wealth did bow Is both the shadow and the substance now The sheep and cows were free to range as then Where change might prompt nor felt the bonds of men Cows went and came, with evening morn and night, To the wild pasture as their common right And sheep, unfolded with the rising sun Heard the swains shout and felt their freedom won Tracked the red fallow field and heath and plain Then met the brook and drank and roamed again The brook that dribbled on as clear as glass Beneath the roots they hid among the grass While the glad shepherd traced their tracks along Free as the -
Anarchist Fortnightly 30P 1 7Th April 1982 Vol 43 No 7
anarchist fortnightly 30p 1 7th April 1982 Vol 43 No 7 IF Andrew Lloyd Webber is so hooked on By the time you are reading this, com- it before that, had evacuated all their Argentinian politics that he ever wants rade, you will probably know the end of ‘possessions’ in the South Atlantic and to write a sequel to ‘Evita’he could hardly this divertissement, for things are happen- claim had been laid to it by the newly do better than pick up a scenario from ing so quickly that as we go to press we emerging state of Argentina— who made the media of last week and write songs to can only say that the British Fleet, God the mistake of not occupying and planting fit. Bless ’Er, is still steaming resolutely south- a flag on the relatively barren islands, 400 In fact, some of the songs are already wards towards the 200-mile circle declared miles off the eastern shores of Patagonia. there, with a bit of pirating, which would out-of-bounds for Argentininan ships by Those were still the heydays of Empire, be appropriate. Alter the lyrics of ‘Georgia the Lord High of the Admiralty here in especially the British Empire , and anybody On My Mind’ and stir in a bit of ‘Any Old London where everybody is still deter- finding the odd island floating around Iron’ and you’ve got the opening number mined to hang on to the ownership of a without a flag on it (even 8000 miles away) with all those scrap merchants landing on couple of barren rocks pinched by our felt entitled to stick up their own flag and South Georgia (where?) to demolish an ancestors in the nineteenth century. -
Introduction: London Is the Place for Me
Notes Introduction: London Is the Place for Me “London is the Place for Me,” Lord Kitchner accompanied by Freddy Grant’s Caribbean Rhythm, London is the Place for Me: Trinidadian Calypso in London, 1950–1956. Compact disc recording (London: Honest Jon’s Records, 2002). 1. Following the work of anti-racist, transnational feminist scholars such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty, my use of the term Third World is, indeed, political as it signals a sociopolitical category/group. I do not use the term in a pejorative sense. 2. Britain or Great Britain is generally used to denote England, Wales, and Scotland. The term United Kingdom refers to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and is also more formally known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3. Within two months of the murder, the suspects—Jamie and Neil Acourt, Gary Dobson, David Norris, and Luke Knight—were arrested, ques- tioned, and released on bail; initially, two were charged with murder but the cases were dropped due to “insufficient evidence.” This pro- tracted, high-profile case caught the attention of the media and the public, mostly, I think, due to the perseverance of the Lawrence family. They refused to stop seeking justice. The Lawrence family launched a private prosecution, even though this eventuated in the suspects’ acquit- tal due to the judge’s dismissal of evidence and eyewitness testimony. This was followed up by a public inquiry (known as the Macpherson Inquiry) between 1997 and 1998 put into motion by then home secre- tary Jack Straw and carried out by former High Court judge Sir William Macpherson. -
REGISTER of MEMBERS' FINANCIAL INTERESTS As at 30 September 2019
REGISTER OF MEMBERS’ FINANCIAL INTERESTS as at 30 September 2019 _________________ Abbott, Ms Diane (Hackney North and Stoke Newington) 1. Employment and earnings 21 July 2017, received £100 from the Guardian, Guardian News and Media, Kings Place, 90 York Way, London N1 9GU, for an article. Hours: 1 hr. (Registered 18 July 2019) 4. Visits outside the UK Name of donor: (1) The Great Britain China Centre with sponsorship from Prudential Plc and China International Capital Corporation; (2) All-China Youth Federation Address of donor: (1) 15 Belgrave Square, Belgravia, London SW1X 8PS; (2) 10 Qianmen Dongdajie, Dongcheng District, Beijing Estimate of the probable value (or amount of any donation): (1) International Flights £1,586.50; (2) accommodation £292.74; transport £215.19; total £507.93 Destination of visit: Beijing, China Dates of visit: 28 July - 2 August 2019 Purpose of visit: to participate in the 2019 Young Leaders Roundtable and to build UK-China understanding and partnership on environment and climate change issues. (Registered 19 August 2019) 8. Miscellaneous Since December 2015, a trustee of the Diane Abbott Foundation, which works to excel and improve education. (Registered 26 October 2016) Abrahams, Debbie (Oldham East and Saddleworth) Nil Adams, Nigel (Selby and Ainsty) 2. (b) Any other support not included in Category 2(a) Name of donor: Autohorn Fleet Services Ltd Address of donor: Foundry Lane, York YO26 4XD Amount of donation, or nature and value if donation in kind: £11,900 Date received: 3 July 2019 Date accepted: -
Inceorganisinganarchy2010.Pdf
ORGANISING ANARCHY SPATIAL STRATEGY , PREFIGURATION , AND THE POLITICS OF EVERYDAY LIFE ANTHONY JAMES ELLIOT INCE THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY QUEEN MARY , UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 2010 0 ABSTRACT This research is an analysis of efforts to develop a politics of everyday life through embedding anarchist and left-libertarian ideas and practices into community and workplace organisation. It investigates everyday life as a key terrain of political engagement, interrogating the everyday spatial strategies of two emerging forms of radical politics. The community dimension of the research focuses on two London-based social centre collectives, understood as community-based, anarchist-run political spaces. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), an international trade union that organises along radical left-libertarian principles, comprises the workplace element. The empirical research was conducted primarily through an activist-ethnographic methodology. Based in a politically-engaged framework, the research opens up debates surrounding the role of place-based class politics in a globalised world, and how such efforts can contribute to our understanding of social relations, place, networks, and political mobilisation and transformation. The research thus contributes to and provides new perspectives on understanding and enacting everyday spatial strategies. Utilising Marxist and anarchist thought, the research develops a distinctive theoretical framework that draws inspiration from both perspectives. Through an emphasis on how groups seek to implement particular radical principles, the research also explores the complex interactions between theory and practice in radical politics. I argue that it is in everyday spaces and practices where we find the most powerful sources for political transformation. -
Fairies, Feminists & Queer Anarchists: Geographies of Squatting In
FAIRIES, FEMINISTS & QUEER ANARCHISTS: Geographies of squatting in Brixton, south London Milo Bettocchi Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geography 7 January 2021 Approx. 87,000 words Abstract This thesis assembles cultural, historical, political, affective and infrastructural geographies of squatting in Brixton, south London. It does so to spatialise the complex material and affective processes through which identities, collectivities and political projects are assembled, negotiated and navigated; to document vital spaces, histories, dynamics, political lineages and struggles which the literature on squatting in England has overlooked; and to critically interrogate and expand how squatting in England has been conceptualised. In pursuing these aims, this thesis insists on and demonstrates the co-constitution of the spatial and the political. Where work on squatting in England has largely concentrated on a narrow range of collectives, spaces and time periods and has neglected how squatting has intersected with anti-racist, decolonial, feminist and LGBTQ struggles and politics, this thesis responds to these gaps. Chapters focus on what became known in the 1970s as the Brixton Gay Community, an experiment in communal living and revolutionary politics by gay men; on the Brixton Black Women’s Group, a socialist, anti-imperialist feminist organisation active in the 1970s and 1980s; on Queeruption, an anarchist queer festival organised out of a squat in the late 1990s; and on the House of Brag, a queer squatting collective active between 2012 and 2014. I argue that thinking squatting through these can profoundly reframe our understandings of squatting. To this end, I have drawn on 24 original interviews as well as on a broad range of archival material. -
Occupation Culture Art & Squatting in the City from Below
Minor Compositions Open Access Statement – Please Read This book is open access. This work is not simply an electronic book; it is the open access version of a work that exists in a number of forms, the traditional printed form being one of them. All Minor Compositions publications are placed for free, in their entirety, on the web. This is because the free and autonomous sharing of knowledges and experiences is important, especially at a time when the restructuring and increased centralization of book distribution makes it difficult (and expensive) to distribute radical texts effectively. The free posting of these texts does not mean that the necessary energy and labor to produce them is no longer there. One can think of buying physical copies not as the purchase of commodities, but as a form of support or solidarity for an approach to knowledge production and engaged research (particularly when purchasing directly from the publisher). The open access nature of this publication means that you can: • read and store this document free of charge • distribute it for personal use free of charge • print sections of the work for personal use • read or perform parts of the work in a context where no financial transactions take place However, it is against the purposes of Minor Compositions open access approach to: • gain financially from the work • sell the work or seek monies in relation to the distribution of the work • use the work in any commercial activity of any kind • profit a third party indirectly via use or distribution of the work • distribute in or through a commercial body (with the exception of academic usage within educational institutions) The intent of Minor Compositions as a project is that any surpluses generated from the use of collectively produced literature are intended to return to further the development and production of further publications and writing: that which comes from the commons will be used to keep cultivating those commons.