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EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS in EXILE Compiled by HELEN LA WR ENCE SCANLON Librarian

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------------- -, bill see sections BELGIUM-Activities, GREECE-Activities, NORWAY-Activities, THE NETHER­ LANDS-Activities, and POLAND-Activities] THE ALLIED FORCES (Norwegian air forces) Order, 1941, June 26, 1941, S. R. & 0. (1941) No. 918, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE provides for application of the Allied Forc·es Act to the Norwegian air forces. Text: Burke, John M., ed. Loose-leaf war legislation, 1941/ 42, p. 560-561. LIBRARY THE ALLIED POWERS (Maritime Courts) (Scotland) Rules, 1941. S. R. & 0 . (1941) No. 966. 700 JACKSON PLACE WASHINGTON, 0. C . THE ALLIED FORCES (Application of Acts to Colonies, etc. (No. 2)) Order, 1941, July 26, 1941, S. R. & 0. (1941) No. 1102, applies this act to the Free French colonies. Text: Burke, John M., ed. Loose-leaf w ar legislation, 1941/42, p. 613-616. Memoranda Series, no. 3 Revised January 25, 1943 ALLIED POWERS (War service) ACT, 1942 (5 & 6 Geo. 6. Ch. 29, 1941/ 42) permits conscription for war service of nationals of all Allied governments in England. .. I EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS IN EXILE Compiled by HELEN LA WR ENCE SCANLON Librarian NOTE: This memorandum attempts to set forth the organization, personnel, diplomatic activities and publications of the European governments which are now functioning outside their own territories. In addition, certain British laws and regulations which especially concern these governments are listed and described briefly. Information about these governments has not been easily available and many contradictory statements concerning them have been published. So far as it has been possible to ascer­ tain, the information given herein is correct as of January 25, 1943. CONTENTS Page Belgium ----- --- ------------------------ ------------- 2 Czechoslovakia - ------- - - ------------ --- - - - - - - - - ----- 4 French National Committee -------------------- - - --- 7 Greece - -------------------------------------------- 10 Luxemburg - --- -------- - ---------------- ---------- - - 12 The Netherlands - ---- ----------------------- -------- 13 Norway ---- ---------------------------------------- 15 Poland ----------- ------------------- --------------- 17 Yugoslavia ------------- -------- - ----- -------------- 20 Joint Activities --------------------- ---------------- 21 British Laws - - ----------------------- - - ------------- 23 [ 24 ] FEB BELGIUM Signed an economic pact with Great Britain on June 4, 1942, renewing the agreements of January 21 , 1941. Text: Gt. Brit. Foreign office. Treaty series no. 1 (1 942) Cmd. 6365. Organization Comment: London Times, June 5, 1942, p. 3. The Constitution of 1831 states that Belgium is a "constitutional representative . .. monarchy." New York Times, June 5, 1942, p . 7. According to this Constitution the executive power is vested in the King and his Cabinet while the On June 4, 1942, signed a military agreement with Great Britain, similar to the agreements between legislative power rests with the King and the Parliament jointly. The present Cabinet, representing Great Britain and the Czech, Dutch and Polish governments. all parties in Belgium, was constituted on January 5, 1940. When, on May 28, 1940, King Leopold sur­ Summary: London Times, June 5, 1942, p. 3. rendered to the Germans, the Cabinet issued a statement that the King, being a prisoner, was unable to Signed a lend-lease agreement with the United States on June 16, 1942. rule but that the Government would continue to prosecute the war. Prime Minister Pierlot set up his Text: Belgium (N. Y.) July 1942, v . 3: 261-262. Government in Paris, where it was recognized by France and Great Britain as "the only legal govern­ Department of state bulletin, June 20, 1942, v. 6: 551-553. ment of Belgium." During the invasion of France its headquarters were successively in various towns U. S. Dept. of state. Executive agreement series, no. 254. in France. On June 18 the Ministers in Council voted to give, for the duration of the war, full executive Inter-Allied review (N. Y.) July 15, 1942, v. 2: 153. and legislative powers for the Belgian colonial territories to the Minister for Colonies, Albert De Vlee­ • On July 22, 1942, with fourteen other countries, signed the protocol extending the duration of the schauwer. After spending some six weeks in Portugal, he proceeded to England and was joined by international agreement of May 6, 1937, regarding the regulation of production and marketing of sugar. Camille Gutt, Minister of Finance. The two set about establishing the Belgian Government in London. Text: Department of state bulletin, Aug. 1, 1942, v . 7: 678-679. The following October Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot and Foreign Minister Paul Henri Spaak reached London. The Cabinet was then reorganized and the duties of the members who had remained in France On Sept. 9, 1942, signed an agreement with Bolivia, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, concerning were distributed among the four in London. On January 25, 1941, a "juridical council" was established, the international control of the production and export of tin. with eight members and later others were added. Its duty is to advise the government on laws and Text: Gt. Brit. Forei gn office. Treaty series no. 9 (1942) Cmd. 6396. decrees. The following February 19, three Undersecretaries of State were appointed, who do not Announced on Nov. 19, 1942, that the Belgian Government had notified the Chinese Government that participate in legislation, but are in charge of administrative services. In addition, on February 11 , Belgium would give up her extraterritorial rights in China. 1942, the Conseil Consultatif du Gouvernement, made up of former Senators and Deputies and other Noted: New York Times, Nov. 20, 1942, p. 3. leaders in exile, was established, to serve in an advisory capacity to the Government. On April 29, 1942, by official act of the Cabinet, the legislative power for the colonies was restored to the Cabinet. In Official Publications September, 1942, Antoine Delfosse, Antoine de Schryver, and Auguste Balthazar, former Ministers, reached London and again took up their duties as Cabinet members. Inbel. Daily. A mimeographed information sheet issued by the Belgian Information Office, London, beginning Oct. 21, 1940. Personnel Moniteur belge (Official gazette) Irregular. First issued in exile in Paris, May 18-30, 1940; first issued Prime Minister, Minister for National Defense ________________________________ __________ Hubert Pierlot in London, Nov. 22, 1940. Minister of Foreign Affairs, Communications, Labor, Refugees and Militia ____________ Paul Henri Spaak News from Belgium. Weekly, published by the Belgian Information Center, .New York. No. 1 appeared Minister of Finances and Economic Affairs _____ __ ____ _____ ___ ____________________________ Camille Gutt on April 4, 1941. Minister for Colonies and Education __________ ___ ____________________________ Albert De Vleeschauwer Minister of Justice and Information ______ ___________________________________________ Antoine Delfosse Postwar Reconstruction Members of the Cabinet on Mission abroad ______________________________________ Antoine de Schryver Auguste Balthazar The Belgian Commission for the Study of Post-War Problems was established in January, 1941, and Undersecretary for Education ________________________________ __ __________________________ Jules Hoste formally constituted by an order of the Council of Ministers on June 4, 1942. Its headquarters are in Undersecretary for Labor and Refugees ______________ ________________________________ Gustave Joassart London and a branch is maintained in New York. The Commission is set up in seven sections, dealing respectively with foreign policy, state reform, education, economic questions, social questions, reconstruc­ tion, colonial questions. The Luxemburg Government is participating in the activities of the Belgan Activities Commission. Issued a decree stating that the King was unable to rule, being under the power of the invader, May 28, 1940. Text: Moniteur belge (Paris) May 18-30, 1940, p . 6. London Times, May 31 , 1940, p. 6. On Aug. 6, 1940, signed an agreement with Luxemburg, on behalf of the Belgian Congo, whereby Luxem­ burg received financial assistance. Text has not been published. This was superseded by the agreement of June 17, 1941. Signed on Jan. 21, 1941, purchase and finance agreements with Great Britain, relating to the Belgian Congo. Under these agreements Britain agreed to buy such products as copper and palm oil at a fixed rate of exchange. In addition the whole of the Congo gold production and foreign exchange, except for its own essential requirements were to be ceded to the Bank of England against payment in sterling. Text: Gt. Brit. Forei gn office . Treaty series no. 1 (1941) Cmd. 6248. Moniteur belge (London) July 19, 1941 , v . 111: 133-141. Summary: Inter-Allied review (N. Y.) April-May, 1941, no. 4: 4. On June 17, 1941, signed an agreement with Luxemburg, whereby Belgium advanced to the Luxemburg government, sufficient funds for its operation. Text: Moniteur belge (London) Aug. 8, 1941, v. 111 : 209-210. Declared war on Japan, Dec. 20, 1941. Noted: Department of state bulletin, Dec. 27, 1941, v. 5: 599. Opened Belgian maritime courts on Feb. 10, 1942, at Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster. Text of decree of establishment: Moniteur belge (London) Nov. 14, 1941, v. 111: 264. Comment on opening: London Times, Feb. 11, 1942, p. 2. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] CZECHOSLOVAKIA Signed a financial agreement with Great Britain Dec: 12, 1940. Text not released. Noted: Czechoslovak yearbook
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