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Inventaire Des Papiers Camille Gutt

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Inventaire Des Papiers Camille Gutt $$ ,QYHQWDLUHGHV3DSLHUV&DPLOOH*XWW 1. Eléments biographiques : Camille Gutt (1884-1971) Camille Gutt (1884-1971) est né à Bruxelles le 14 novembre 1884. Son père Max Guttenstein est originaire de Neuzedlich tandis que sa mère, Marie-Paule Schweitzer est originaire de Bichwiller en Alsace. Installée à Bruxelles depuis 1877, la famille Guttenstein compte deux enfants, Hélène Gutt et Camille Gutt. En 1886, Max Guttenstein bénéficiera de la nationalité belge par le biais de la procédure de la grande naturalisation. Diplômé en Sciences politiques et Docteur en Droit de l’Université de Bruxelles, Camille Gutt débute dans la vie professionnelle comme avocat et journaliste. Engagé dans le Corps français des Saphis, il refuse, en 1915, de suivre son régiment dans les Dardanelles pour rejoindre Le Havre. Là, il rencontre un grand nombre de personnalités belges, comme Gaston Blaise ou encore Fernand Neuray. En 1916, il est envoyé à Londres pour rejoindre l’équipe chargée des achats en Grande-Bretagne dirigée par Georges Theunis (1873-1966). Séduit par l’intelligence du jeune lieutenant, ce dernier décide d’en faire son plus proche collaborateur. Une longue histoire de collaboration et d’amitié va alors naître entre les deux hommes. Camille Gutt est ensuite désigné comme Secrétaire général de la Commission du Ravitaillement à Londres. En 1919, il sera rappelé par Georges Theunis au poste de Secrétaire Général de la délégation belge à la Commission des Réparations créée dans la foulée du Traité de Versailles. Lorsque Georges Theunis est nommé ministre des Finances, en 1921, pour ensuite diriger le Cabinet jusqu’en 1924, Camille Gutt le suit comme chef de Cabinet même si l’essentiel des ses activités concerne la poursuite des négociations des réparations allemandes. En 1926, Camille Gutt sera cette fois appelé par Emile Francqui comme adjoint au Trésor en charge de préparer le terrain pour le conclusion d’un emprunt auprès du syndicat anglo-américain de banquiers qui permettrait de soulager les finances publiques belges. Après cette expérience, Camille Gutt rejoindra le monde des affaires. Appuyé par Emile Francqui, il fait son entrée dans le secteur non-ferreux de la Société Générale de Belgique. Il siège ainsi dans les CA de Compagnie des Métaux d’Overpelt-Lommel dont il deviendra administrateur- directeur à partir de 1931. Ensuite, Camille Gutt entre dans les CA de la Société Générale des Minerais (Sogémines), puis en 1930 de la Société Générale Industrielle et Chimique du Katanga (Sogéchim). Enfin Camille Gutt est également présent dans les CA de la filiale belge de Ford, Ford Motor Cy (Belgium) et de la société du groupe Empain, Electrorail. Après avoir occupé les fonctions de ministre des Finances au sein du gouvernement dit des banquiers en 1934/35, il retourne dans le monde des affaires. Il fait alors son entrée dans les CA de la Compagnie Belge des Mines, Minerais et Métaux et des Mines et Fonderies de Zinc de la Vieille Montagne. En février 1939, Camille Gutt est appelé par le Roi Léopold III pour participer, comme ministre des Finances, au Cabinet Pierlot. Il restera à cette fonction dans les 2 quatre Cabinets Pierlot qui se succèdent de février 1938 à mai 1940. Quant à Georges Theunis, celui-ci sera envoyé, en septembre 1940, comme Ambassadeur extraordinaire de Belgique à New York où il résidera durant la guerre. Au mois d’ août 1940, Camille Gutt décide en compagnie avec le ministre des Colonies, Albert De Vleeschauwer. Les deux ministres seront rejoints en octobre par Hubert Pierlot et Paul-Henri Spaak. Au sein du gouvernement belge de Londres, Camille Gutt occupera les fonctions suivantes : ministre des Finances (1940-1944), ministre des Affaires économiques (1940-1944), ministre des Communications (1940- 1944) et enfin ministre de la Défense Nationale (1940-1942). Durant le conflit, Camille Gutt perdra deux fils, le premier Jean Max Gutt en août 1941, victime d’ un accident d’ aviation et le deuxième, François Gutt, en juillet 1944, tué dans les environs de Caen. A son retour à Bruxelles, en septembre 1944, Camille Gutt reprend, jusqu’ en février 1945, les fonctions de ministre des Finances. Il est ensuite envoyé successivement aux Etats-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne pour y conduire les négociations en vue du règlement des accords d’ aide mutuelle (Belgique/Grande-Bretagne) et de prêt-bail (Belgique/Etats-Unis). Après avoir mené ces missions, Camille Gutt participe à la Conférence de Savannah (mars 1946) chargée de régler les modalités du fonctionnement des Institutions de Bretton-Woods à savoir : le Fonds Monétaire Internationale et la Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement. Suite à cette conférence, Camille Gutt est élu au poste de Directeur- Général (Managing Director du FMI). Il occupe cette fonction de 1946 à 1951. Revenu ensuite en Belgique, Camille Gutt poursuivra sa carrière d’ homme d’ affaires aux côtés de Léon Lambert. Il décédera à Bruxelles le 7 juin 1971. 2. Présentation des Papiers Gutt Les Papiers Gutt ont été confiés au CEGES par Etienne Gutt. Ces archives concernent avant tout les activités de Camille Gutt au sein du gouvernement belge de Londres. Néanmoins, celles-ci peuvent être complétées par les papiers personnels du ministre ainsi que les archives familiales, en ce compris les papiers de sa femme, Claire Gutt, relatifs à ses activités en Belgique occupée. Enfin, une dernière partie de ce fonds comprend l’ ensemble de la correspondance échangée entre Georges Theunis et Camille Gutt durant la guerre. Le fonds Gutt est dès lors divisé en quatre parties : 1. Les dossiers thématiques (1940-1958) : ceux-ci concernent essentiellement les activités de Camille Gutt au sein du gouvernement de Londres comme ministre des Finances et ministre des Affaires économiques 2. Les archives personnelles de Camille Gutt : celles-ci concernent les archives personnelles de Camille Gutt, une ample correspondance personnelle, des articles de presse ainsi que ses notes et discours 3. Les archives familiales (famille Gutt) : celles-ci comprennent des archives relatives aux activités de Claire Gutt durant l’ occupation ainsi que des papiers personnels des deux fils de Camille Gutt mort durant la guerre : Jean Max Gutt et François Gutt. Enfin, on pourra également trouver quelques papiers relatifs à Etienne Gutt. 2 3 4. Correspondance Gutt-Theunis (1940-1944) : cette correspondance comprend l’ ensemble des lettres personnelles et officielles ainsi que les télégrammes échangés entre Camille Gutt et Georges Theunis. Cette correspondance qui s’ étend d’ août 1940 à septembre 1944 est classée de manière chronologique sur base mensuelle. ,QYHQWDLUHGHV3DSLHUV&DPLOOH*XWW ,'RVVLHUVWKpPDWLTXHV *RXYHUQHPHQWGH/RQGUHV 1. Gouvernement de Londres : correspondance avant l’ arrivé de Monsieur Gutt (juillet 1940) 2. Projet Floor : reconnaissance du gouvernement belge de Londres (juillet 1940) 3. Salaires et indemnités des ministres 3ROLWLTXHLQWpULHXUH/HURL/pRSROG,,, 4. Dossier Fredericq (1940-1958) 5. Dossier : presse de Londres relative à Léopold III 6. Rapport Pierlot sur les rapports entre le Roi, le gouvernement et ses ministres (1941?) ([SRVpVGH0RQVLHXU*XWWGHYDQWOHFRQVHLOGHVPLQLVWUHVOHFRQVHLOFRQVXOWDWLI HWOD&(3$* 7. Conseil consultatif. Exposé des budgets. Questions et réponses (1942-1943) 8. Conseil des ministres. Exposé armée. Questions et réponses (décembre 1941- janvier 1942) 9. CEPAG. Exposé ravitaillement (juin 1943) 10. Conseil consultatif. Exposés “Finances et Colonie” (1942-1943) 11. Conseil consultatif. Exposé sur la convention Belgo-Hollandaise (15 septembre 1943) 12. Conseil des ministres. Exposé financier (1942-1943) 13. Conseil des ministres. Exposé de M. Gutt sur le Fonds de Stabilisation (19 juin 1944) 14. Conseil des ministres. Exposés et notes monétaires (mai 1943) 15. Conseil consultatif. Exposé sur les Accords de Bretton Woods (15 août 1944) * Dans les partie I à III de l’ inventaire, les numéros renvoient à des dossiers 3 4 4XHVWLRQVPRQpWDLUHV 16. Lettres importantes relatives à la future parité monétaire du franc belge (1942) 17. Lettres importantes relatives à la future parité monétaire du franc belge (janvier- juin 1943) 18. Lettres importantes relatives à la future parité monétaire du franc belge (juillet- decembre 1943) 19. Lettres importantes relatives à la future parité monétaire du franc belge (1944) 20. Parité monétaire. Documents Ansiaux (1943-1944) 21. Correspondance. Emission des billets (1942-1943) 22. Informal meetings of Allied Finance Ministers (1942-1943) 4XHVWLRQVPLOLWDLUHV 23. Fonds Sevrin (I) 24. Fonds Sevrin. (II) Correspondance (1940-1943) 25. Correspondance M.D.N. 1pJRFLDWLRQVpFRQRPLTXHVHWILQDQFLqUHV*UDQGH%UHWDJQH(WDWV8QLV&DQDGD 26. Grande-Bretagne: négociations politiques, économiques et financières menées à Londres 1940-1944 27. Londres. Négociations économiques (1943) 28. Négociations accord de Mutual Aid avec la Grande-Bretagne (1945) 29. Etats-Unis. Dossier America (1941-1943) 30. Etas-Unis/Canada : Négociations financières à Washington et à Ottawa (septembre-octobre 1945) 31. Eximbank. Accords financiers GB/USA. Emprunt belge (1945) 'RVVLHUVLQGLYLGXHOV 32. Dossier Blaise, G. (1944) 33. Dossier Boêl, R. (1940-1942) 34. Dossier Ganshof van Der Meersh, Cdt (1941-1944) 35. Dossier Hannecart-de Radiguès (1940-1942) 36. Dossier Jacqmin (doubles) (1942-1944) 37. Dossier Janssen, G. (1940-1941) 38. Dossier Jaspar, M.-H. (1940) 39. Dossier de Launoit-Baudhuin (1944-1951) 40. Dossier de Mérode (1941) 41. Dossier Mentior, alias Moreeels (1941) 42. Dossier Perry, Lord
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