The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 53. Last
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{PDF EPUB} Five Lost Classics Tao Huang-Lao and Yin-Yang in Han China by Robin D.S
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Five Lost Classics Tao Huang-lao and Yin-yang in Han China by Robin D.S. Yates Learn - Explore | Bibliographical notes for the Ma Wang Dui texts. Mawang Dui 馬王堆 - the Horse King Mound - is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China. It is the site of three tombs belonging to the first Marquis of Dai, his wife, and a male who is believed to be their son. The site was excavated from 1972 to 1974. Most of the artifacts from Mawangdui are displayed at the Hunan Provincial Museum. This discovery was monumental, one of the most significant of the 20th century and has changed our view of the history of medicine and Daoism in China. The tomb contained various medical texts, including depictions of qigong (dao yin) exercises. For our purposes we will mainly focus on these philosophical and medical texts, but the tombs contained political and historical texts as well. the texts. These text were “written to advise ruling Han dynasty authorities on how to attune themselves to the cosmos at a time of rapidly changing political and social climate.” From the sleeve of Yates' Five Lost Classics : “In 1973, among the many unique documents discovered in the richly furnished tomb of a Han-dynasty aristocrat, were five books written on silk, primary texts of Huang-lao Daoism and Yin-yang philosophy that had been lost to mankind for more than 2,000 years. A discovery as important in China as the unearthing of the Dead Sea Scrolls was in the West, the Mawangdui texts created a sensation when they were first published, even leading to the foundation of a new religion on Taiwan… The recovery of the five lost classics sheds new light on a critical transitional period of Chinese political and intellectual history. -
The Analects of Confucius
The analecTs of confucius An Online Teaching Translation 2015 (Version 2.21) R. Eno © 2003, 2012, 2015 Robert Eno This online translation is made freely available for use in not for profit educational settings and for personal use. For other purposes, apart from fair use, copyright is not waived. Open access to this translation is provided, without charge, at http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23420 Also available as open access translations of the Four Books Mencius: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23421 Mencius: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23423 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23422 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23424 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i MAPS x BOOK I 1 BOOK II 5 BOOK III 9 BOOK IV 14 BOOK V 18 BOOK VI 24 BOOK VII 30 BOOK VIII 36 BOOK IX 40 BOOK X 46 BOOK XI 52 BOOK XII 59 BOOK XIII 66 BOOK XIV 73 BOOK XV 82 BOOK XVI 89 BOOK XVII 94 BOOK XVIII 100 BOOK XIX 104 BOOK XX 109 Appendix 1: Major Disciples 112 Appendix 2: Glossary 116 Appendix 3: Analysis of Book VIII 122 Appendix 4: Manuscript Evidence 131 About the title page The title page illustration reproduces a leaf from a medieval hand copy of the Analects, dated 890 CE, recovered from an archaeological dig at Dunhuang, in the Western desert regions of China. The manuscript has been determined to be a school boy’s hand copy, complete with errors, and it reproduces not only the text (which appears in large characters), but also an early commentary (small, double-column characters). -
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 52
Welcome to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This is episode 52. Previously, we left off with one of the most memorable sequences in the novel, in which Zhao Yun rescued Liu Bei’s infant son, A Dou (1,3), and fought his way through swarms of Cao Cao’s troops to escape. But no sooner had he left the bulk of Cao Cao’s army behind did he run into two more detachments of enemy soldiers, led by two lieutenants under the command of Cao Cao’s general Xiahou Dun. These two guys were brothers. One wielded a battle axe, while the other used a halberd, and they were shouting for Zhao Yun to surrender. Zhao Yun, of course, paid no heed to their words and greeted them with his spear. Within three bouts, the elder brother, the axe-wielder, was stabbed off his horse. Zhao Yun took the opening and ran. The younger brother, however, gave chase. As he closed in, the tip of his halberd flashed around Zhao Yun’s back. But Zhao Yun suddenly turned around, and the two were face to face right next to each other. Wielding his spear in his left hand, Zhao Yun blocked the halberd. At the same time, his right hand pulled out the prized sword that he had taken from Cao Cao’s sword-bearer earlier in the day. Where the sword landed, half of his opponent’s head and helmet went flying off. Seeing their leaders killed, the enemy soldiers scattered, and Zhao Yun once again fled toward Changban (2,3) Bridge. -
On Confucius's Ideology of Aesthetic Order
Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions Volume 3 Issue 1 Article 6 12-2016 On Confucius’s Ideology of Aesthetic Order Li Wang Northeast Normal University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cecr Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation Wang, Li (2016) "On Confucius’s Ideology of Aesthetic Order," Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions: Vol. 3 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cecr/vol3/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the World Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Journal at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cultural Encounters, Conflicts, and Resolutions by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. On Confucius’s Ideology of Aesthetic Order Abstract Advocating order, order for all things, and taking order as beauty is the core element of Confucius’s aesthetic ideology. Confucius’s thought of aesthetic order is different from others of the “hundred schools of thoughts” in the pre-Qin period, and is also diverse from the Western value of aesthetic order. Confucius’s thought of aesthetic order has its own unique value system, which has become the mainstream value of aesthetic order in the Chinese society for 2000 years until today, after being integrated with the Chinese feudal imperial system in early Han Dynasty. -
Study on the Relationship Between Guan Yu and Sun Quan (The Kingdom of Wu)
2019 International Conference on Cultural Studies, Tourism and Social Sciences (CSTSS 2019) Study on the Relationship between Guan Yu and Sun Quan (The Kingdom of Wu) Xinzhao Tang School of History and Culture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Keywords: Guan Yu; Sun Quan and the kingdom of Wu; Jingzhou Abstract: The alliance formation of Sun Quan and Liu Bei makes China's political structure gradually enter the “three kingdoms” era in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. After the battle of Red Cliff, the alliance gradually breaks down. Many scholars pass the buck to Guan Yu. They think that the reason why the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei broke down at last is because Guan Yu was too headstrong and he didn’t pay much attention to better the relationship with Sun Quan. This paper discusses the breakdown of the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei from Guan Yu's point of view. 1. Introduction The formation of the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei is the result of the change of the political pattern since the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The powerful warlords destroyed the weak warlords, and the weak warlords had to form an alliance to fight against the powerful warlords for their survival. As Cao Cao and his army were marching toward the south, Sun Quan and Liu Bei formed an alliance and defeated Cao Cao in the battle of Red Cliff. After that, with the threat of Cao Cao gradually decreasing, the contradiction between the two forces began to become increasingly sharp. -
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On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E Minna Wu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMIBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 @2013 Minna Wu All rights reserved ABSTRACT On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze-Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E. Minna Wu The Shandong region has been of considerable interest to the study of ancient China due to its location in the eastern periphery of the central culture. For the Western Zhou state, Shandong was the “Far East” and it was a vast region of diverse landscape and complex cultural traditions during the Late Bronze-Age (1000-500 BCE). In this research, the developmental trajectories of three different types of secondary states are examined. The first type is the regional states established by the Zhou court; the second type is the indigenous Non-Zhou states with Dong Yi origins; the third type is the states that may have been formerly Shang polities and accepted Zhou rule after the Zhou conquest of Shang. On the one hand, this dissertation examines the dynamic social and cultural process in the eastern periphery in relation to the expansion and colonization of the Western Zhou state; on the other hand, it emphasizes the agency of the periphery during the formation of secondary states by examining how the polities in the periphery responded to the advances of the Western Zhou state and how local traditions impacted the composition of the local material assemblage which lay the foundation for the future prosperity of the regional culture. -
C 2013 by Lu Su. All Rights Reserved. RESOURCE EFFICIENT INFORMATION INTEGRATION in CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
c 2013 by Lu Su. All rights reserved. RESOURCE EFFICIENT INFORMATION INTEGRATION IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS BY LU SU DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Tarek F. Abdelzaher, Chair & Director of Research Professor Jiawei Han Professor Klara Nahrstedt Associate Professor Xue Liu, McGill University Abstract The proliferation of increasingly capable and affordable sensing devices that pervade every corner of the world has given rise to the fast development and wide deployment of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Hosting a whole spectrum of civilian and military applications, cyber-physical systems have fundamentally changed people's ways of everyday living, working, and interactions with the physical world in general. Despite their tremendous benefits, cyber-physical systems pose great new research challenges, of which, this thesis targets on one important facet, that is, to understand and optimize the tradeoff between the quality of information (QoI) provided by the sensor nodes and the consumption of system resources. On one hand, individual sensors are not reliable, due to various possible reasons including incomplete observations, environment and circuit board noise, poor sensor quality, lack of sensor calibration, or even intent to deceive. To address this sensor reliability problem, one common approach is to integrate information from multiple sensors that observe the same events, as this will likely cancel out the errors of individual sensors and improve the quality of information. On the other hand, cyber-physical systems usually have limited resources (e.g., energy, bandwidth, storage, time, space, money, devices or even the human labor). -
CHAPTER 1 the BASIC ARGUMENT A. It Was the Sixth Year of The
CHAPTER 1 THE BASIC ARGUMENT a. It was the sixth year of the shiyuan era1, when an imperial edict directed the Chancellor and the Imperial secretaries to confer with the recommended Worthies and Literati2, and to enquire of them as to the rankling grievances among the people. b. The Literati responded as follows: It is our humble opinion that the principle of ruling lies in forestalling wantonness while extending the elementals of virtue, in discouraging mercantile pursuits while inspiring benevolence and righteousness. Let lucre never be paraded before the eyes of the people; only then will enlightenment flourish and mores improve. c. But now with the salt, iron, and alcohol monopolies, as well as equalizing distribution3 established in the commanderies and feudal states, the government has entered into financial competition with the people, destroying natural simplicity and innocence, while fostering selfishness and greed. As a result, few among our people take up the foundation of livelihood4, while many flock to the non-essential offshoots5. When embellishment is overwrought, it weakens the core substance; when the branches are overgrown, then the foundation is eroded. When the non-essential offshoots are cultivated, the people become frivolous; when the foundation is developed, the people are simple and guileless. The people being simple, wealth will abound; when the people are extravagant, cold and hunger will follow. We pray that the salt, iron, and alcohol monopolies and the system of equalizing distribution be abolished so that the principal industries may be encouraged while secondary occupations thwarted, and agriculture broadly benefited. d. The Lord Grand Secretary said: When the Xiongnu rebelled against our authority and frequently raided and devastated the frontier settlements, to be constantly on the watch for them was a great strain upon the military of the Middle Kingdom; but without measures of precaution, these forays and depredations would never cease. -
Guanzi Yu Qi Wenhua [Guanzi and the Culture of Qi], Eds
ࡊጯኢᕍƟௐ 76 ഇƟϔ઼ 107 ѐ 6 ͡Ɵࢱ 31-60ڼ߆ ჯĈޥĮგ̄įາ઼छநኢ۞ચ၁ *ᝋ˧ะ֭̚ࢦۤົώវ ోᑕࣰ** ၡࢋ ώ͛ဘྏआથҌߋࡌጼ઼઼छඕၹ۞ႊតůӈଂѣ઼छ̝ ᖐĂᖼڼຽଂྵᗫ۞߆هछ۞ໄ઼ځĂ֭ᄲטᎩ۞ֽޢᗖݭҌ Вᝋ˧ࡍ࣎ˠϠ߿۞າ઼छĄ҃Įგ̄į̳ڱࠎໂࠎૻ̂۞ะ̚Ъ நăаᑕ࣎វᄃ઼छ۞ღૺၗ๕Ąߏ߇ĂٺૺĶЯķĂѣӄڼ߆۞ Ăତᜈኢ̈́Įგ̄į३۞͛ώᛳّăځώ͛А၆઼छඕၹ۞ᖼតซҖᄲ ڍ၆઼̚ѝഇ઼छ۞።Ϋࡁտјـ࿅ٺĂ࠹ણޢؠҜᄃ̰टౘĄ̝ Ă၆Įგ̄į۞઼छநኢү˘ӔޘຐΫķĶ၆ྖķ۞֎ޥ৭дĶ֭ ώǕۤົᄃ࣎វბώд˟ٺĄТॡώ͛൴னĂĮგ̄į઼छநኢಧૄځ ĶЯึķăĶЯೈķ۞Ķࠎٺ۰ĞӖğბώڼϔଐˠّ̝Ӏच ᄃĮგ̄įซҖ၆ྖĄهĂ࠽ਕᖣώវኢĞOntologyğ̝ໄޢķĄڼ̝ ᙯᔣෟĈĮგ̄įă઼छăᝋ˧ăۤົώវ ᛉĂֹώ͛ഴ͌εĄޙDOI:10.6166/TJPS.201806_(76).0002ĄຏᔁઠЩᆶߤˠ೩̝ * րઘିĂE-mail: [email protected]Ąڼঔ̂ጯ߆ڌ ** ќቇ͟ഇĈ106 ѐ 10 ͡ 3 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ107 ѐ 3 ͡ 14 ͟ ჯĈ ోᑕࣰޥĮგ̄įາ઼छநኢ۞ચ၁ 32 ᝋ˧ะ֭̚ࢦۤົώវ ಥă݈֏ ႙ͽֽĂ֞ϔ઼ 10ă20 ѐĂͽĮΟΫᏰįࠎ८͕۞ႷΟጯఙڌҘጯ Ϋ˯ኢĞᜪܫಶڱજĂ၆઼̚˯ΟΫ೩ᚑᆖ߄ጼĂ઼̚˯ΟΫೀͼྻ ѐጯࢲͶតĂ̙ΪഅజĮΟΫᏰįٙԽᑝ۞ಜܕዯࣣĂ1987Ĉ59-66ğĄ1 ଘ జ።Ϋّ۞ኢĄــ˵ĂޓเܮࡈĂӈ ༊࠹༊ֶᏥ˞˯͵ࡔͽֽ̙ᕝ˿۞г˭҂Οྤफ़ĂͽྤҥĄ ΟΫࡁտ۰Ă̂к้ШͽາϮጡॡͽࢫ̝г˭҂Οྤफ़ᄃ˯ΟثপҾ ć2 পҾߏआഈͽֽĂ̏ˬޓ۞็ᚱ࠹̢ОĂ҃ҿᕝ̣ˬޓ̣ ˘ؠВТপᇈĄ3 ಶˠᙷጯ۞֎ځౌΞͽߏ።Ϋְ၁Ă֭ͷˬ۞͛ छĂҋߏ˘࣎ࢦࢋ۞ኝᗟĄˠᙷ͇Ϡҋົ઼זϔՅརႊซܐĂтңଂޘ ֏Ą҃Ķ઼छķ۞ԛјޞኢ۰ࠤкĂҋֽ̙̫ـϠ߿ĂΟ۞ົۤڼ࿅߆ Ϡ߿ໂĂ༊ໂࣃࡁտĄಶځˠᙷ͛זᄃតࢭĂᇆᜩטߏໂࠎॲώ۞౹ आĂࡗர઼छ۞ᗖԛ႙֞ޓາϮጡॡẶٺ༊ޓΟΫ҃֏Ăเ˯઼̚ གྷᑻࠎົۤڼĂᏉ߆ޘטࠎჩᅳטϣ̡ڱ؟ޙދથҌҘĂͽ̈́ޞј˞Ą Вᝋ˧ࠎࢋপᇈů̳ڱĂͽลᆸล৺̶ϲᄃЪޘטޙދߏ˯ڼᚤĂ4 ߆˘ ΊĄϤᜪዯࣣበᏭĂࢋჟৠߏ၆ 7 ۍௐ 1 ΊؕâВۍĮΟΫᏰįҋϔ઼ 15 ѐ 1 ΟΫ۞ĶંΫķăĶં३ķΐͽᏰĂтᜪͩѣЩ۞ĶᆸౄјᄲķĂ઼̚Ο˯઼̚ ΫĂӮᛳৠྖ็ᄲĂ˜ߏĶંΫķĂ҃˫ѣధкĶંܫܧᚱ۞ᏜĶΟΫķĂ၁ౌ ĂឰႷۍĄĮΟΫᏰį̝ܫ३ķĂ࠹̢ࠎধĄтĂ̂ࡈߏ˘୧̂ᖪĂಜϺ̙Ξ Ϋ៍Ă឵ј˘ͯࢲሗĂԛТ˘࣎ጯఙྻજĄ̈́ޘጯၗڼΟ۞ ķĂᙉրѣ̙ٙТĂ̫̂кͽΦޓĶ̣ٺٙᏜĶˬķĂआથĂШࠎ఼ᄲćҌ 2 ㏩ůಜůĄޓůᗡůޓώࡔįٙЕࠎĂӈเޓዏĮΫĆ̣ ጯࢲĂ̈́ڍҋĮΟΫᏰį̫֞ĂপҾг˭҂Οྤफ़̂ณ˿Ăᇆᜩ˞઼̚ΟΫ۞ࡁտј 3 ͞ࢬ۞ኢΞણ҂Նϒ౼Ğ1992Ĉ3-26ğĄ ˢኢĂ̷҃ޘ֎۞ځᅚጡᄃԒఙ͛ܦѣᙯआથˬۤົВТপᇈĂૺЍۡഅଂ 4 ϡᚑ˘බ۞ྖඕԍĂᚑ˘බ̠ĈĶტ៍ˬ̼͛ĂѣளТ̝ĂϏ⻇ຫৈ࠹ЯĂವ͔ ܕኳྫ˯࠻ֽĂˬ۞̼͛ߏ࠹ۏؠĶଂۺώ˘ਔ࠹ٚĂϏဘѣតķĄૺЍۡ ณ۞ֽ˧ڼԛјᄃعĂᓂ̙ߏТ˘ϔĂҌ͌ߏТ˘ᙷ۞ϔķĄĶˬ۞߆۞ ࠎᇾ۞ኢĂ̙࿅ĂՆϒ౼ݒטϣ̡ڱ؟ޙދߏ࠹Ҭ۞ķĄ༊ĂૺЍ֭ۡϏۡତͽ˵ -
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York *SUBJECT to GENERAL and SPECIFIC NOTES to THESE SCHEDULES* SUMMARY
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York Refco Capital Markets, LTD Case Number: 05-60018 *SUBJECT TO GENERAL AND SPECIFIC NOTES TO THESE SCHEDULES* SUMMARY OF AMENDED SCHEDULES An asterisk (*) found in schedules herein indicates a change from the Debtor's original Schedules of Assets and Liabilities filed December 30, 2005. Any such change will also be indicated in the "Amended" column of the summary schedules with an "X". Indicate as to each schedule whether that schedule is attached and state the number of pages in each. Report the totals from Schedules A, B, C, D, E, F, I, and J in the boxes provided. Add the amounts from Schedules A and B to determine the total amount of the debtor's assets. Add the amounts from Schedules D, E, and F to determine the total amount of the debtor's liabilities. AMOUNTS SCHEDULED NAME OF SCHEDULE ATTACHED NO. OF SHEETS ASSETS LIABILITIES OTHER YES / NO A - REAL PROPERTY NO 0 $0 B - PERSONAL PROPERTY YES 30 $6,002,376,477 C - PROPERTY CLAIMED AS EXEMPT NO 0 D - CREDITORS HOLDING SECURED CLAIMS YES 2 $79,537,542 E - CREDITORS HOLDING UNSECURED YES 2 $0 PRIORITY CLAIMS F - CREDITORS HOLDING UNSECURED NON- YES 356 $5,366,962,476 PRIORITY CLAIMS G - EXECUTORY CONTRACTS AND UNEXPIRED YES 2 LEASES H - CODEBTORS YES 1 I - CURRENT INCOME OF INDIVIDUAL NO 0 N/A DEBTOR(S) J - CURRENT EXPENDITURES OF INDIVIDUAL NO 0 N/A DEBTOR(S) Total number of sheets of all Schedules 393 Total Assets > $6,002,376,477 $5,446,500,018 Total Liabilities > UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT Southern District of New York Refco Capital Markets, LTD Case Number: 05-60018 GENERAL NOTES PERTAINING TO SCHEDULES AND STATEMENTS FOR ALL DEBTORS On October 17, 2005 (the “Petition Date”), Refco Inc. -
The Ancient Chinese Notes on Hydrogeology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology Yu Zhou & François Zwahlen & Yanxin Wang Abstract The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology are people had profound insight into, and widespread use of, summarized and interpreted, along with records of some groundwater at a very early stage. The work summarized related matters, like groundwater exploration and utiliza- in this report involved collection and interpretation of the tion, karst springs, water circulation, water conservation available historical information on the ancient Chinese and saline-land transformation, mine drainage, and envi- perspective on hydrogeology and some related matters. It ronmental hydrogeology. The report focuses only on the introduces seven aspects of groundwater utilization and earliest recorded notes, mostly up until the Han Dynasty related issues. While hydrogeologists gather groundwater- (206 BC– AD 25). Besides the references cited, the related background data, ancient literature and books discussion in this report is based mainly on archaeological should be given as much attention as modern ones. material, the preserved written classic literature, and some Although numerous historical documents are available, assumptions and/or conclusions that have been handed very few hydrogeological records were found scattered down in legends to later ages. Although most material among them. It is hard to find them but they are useful for relates to ancient China, the lessons learned may have enriching the data and understanding the hydrogeological practical significance worldwide. Compared to other condition, and some literature contains records of col- contemporary parts of the world, ancient China, without lected data. -
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49942-2 — Theorizing Confucian Virtue Politics Sungmoon Kim Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49942-2 — Theorizing Confucian Virtue Politics Sungmoon Kim Index More Information 233 Index abdication doctrine, 63 , 64 – 65 , 68 – 69 , 70 – 71 , Mencius, 98 – 99 , 100 , 101 , 105 78 , 137 – 138 Xunzi, 22 , 103 , 104 , 106 – 107 , 112 , 209 Mencius, 38 , 62 , 63 , 65 – 66 , 67 , 68 – 69 , civil order, 21 , 22 , 49 70 – 71 , 75 , 77 , 85 , 137 civil polity, 13 , 17 , 28 , 36 Xunzi, 38 , 62 , 63 , 75 – 76 , 78 , 82 , 84 civility , 49 , 52 , 110 , 113 Ames, Roger T., 5n10 Xunzi, 101 , 106 – 111 , 112 , 113 Angle, Stephen, 27n4 , 79n62 classical Confucianism, 3 – 5 , 10n26 , 19 , 24 , Aristotle, 16 28 , 111 , 122 , 122n13 , 179 , 180 , 187 , 208 , 213 – 214 , 215 – 217 badao (the Way of the hegemon), 13 , 19 , 22 , civic virtue, 18 147 – 150 , 156 , 160 , 168 – 169 , 207 moral virtue, 18 Mencius, 22 – 23 , 32 , 37 , 38 , 118 , 147 , 151 , punitive expedition, 23 – 24 152 , 154 – 156 , 169 , 174 Cline, Erin, 41 , 43n68 Xunzi, 19 , 23 , 38 , 118 , 147 , 149 – 150 , 156 , Confucian constitutionalism, 11 , 13 , 17 – 18 , 157 – 158 , 161 , 163 – 166 , 168 , 169 – 171 , 21 – 22 , 62 , 145 – 146 , 206 172 , 173 , 176 , 177 , 207 , 213 Mencius, 13 , 21 Bai, Tongdong, 13n33 Xunzi, 13 , 21 , 145 , 146 Basic Legitimation Demand, 9 Confucian political theory, 1 – 4 , 20 , 121 – 122 , Bell, Daniel A., 10n26 , 34n23 , 185n23 204 – 205 benevolent government ( renzheng ), 28 , 30 Confucian state, 6 , 15 Mencius, 28 , 30 , 33 – 34 , 38 , 45 , 53 , 158 Confucian virtue ethics, see virtue ethics Xunzi, 38 , 50 Confucian