Spring and Autumn China (771-453)
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Eastern Zhou Dynasty \(770 – 221BC\)
Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 – 221BC) The long period during which the Zhou nominally ruled China is divided into two parts: the Western Zhou, covering the years from the conquest in c. 1050BC to the move of the capital from Xi’an to Luoyang in 771BC, and the Eastern Zhou, during which China was subdivided into many small states fro 770BC to the ascendancy of the Qin kingdom in 221BC. The Eastern Zhou period is traditionally divided into two: the Spring and Autumn period (770 – 475BC) and the period of the Warring States (475 – 221BC). These names are taken from contemporary historical documents which describe the periods in question. After the conquest of Xi’an by the Quanrong, the Zhou established their capital at Luoyang. No longer did they control their territory as undisputed kings, but now ruled alongside a number of other equally or more powerful rulers. In the centre and the north, the state of Jin was dominant, while the states of Yan and Qi occupied the present-day provinces of Hebei and Shandong repectively. Jin disintegrated in the fifth century BC, and three states, Han, Wei and Zhao, assumed its territory. In the west the Qin succeeded to the mantle of the Zhou, and in the south the state of Chu dominated the Yanzi basin. During the sixth and fifth centuries BC, Chu threatened and then swallowed up the small eastern states of Wu and Yue, as well as states such as Zeng on its northern boundary. Although for much of the period Chu was a successful and dominant power, in due course it fell in 223BC before the might of Qin, its rulers fleeing eastwards to Anhui province. -
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This Is Episode 53. Last
Welcome to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Podcast. This is episode 53. Last time, Sun Quan’s adviser Lu Su had brought Zhuge Liang to the Southlands to meet with his master in hopes of forming an alliance between Liu Bei and the Southlands to resist Cao Cao. But when Lu Su went to see Sun Quan, he found the other advisers all telling Sun Quan that Cao Cao was too strong and that it was in everyone’s best interest to surrender. Sun Quan was nonplussed by this, and while he was taking a bathroom break, Lu Su told him that while everyone else could surrender to Cao Cao, Sun Quan alone could not. “For the likes of me,” Lu Su said, “surrender means being sent back to my hometown. Eventually, I can work my way back into high office. But if you surrender, you would not be able to go home. Your rank would be no more than a marquis. You would have but one carriage, one horse, and a few servants. You would be no one’s lord. Everyone else was just trying to save themselves. You must not listen to them. It’s time to make a master plan for yourself.” Now, Lu Su’s analysis is pretty spot on if you think about it. Look at what happened when Cao Cao took over Jing Province. All the officials and officers who surrendered made out pretty well with nice ranks and titles. But their former lord, Liu Cong (2), met an ignoble end. Sun Quan himself had just been pressed by his own advisers to surrender, and those advisers were no doubt looking out for themselves. -
Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals
Archaeological Observation on the Exploration of Chu Capitals Wang Hongxing Key words: Chu Capitals Danyang Ying Chenying Shouying According to accurate historical documents, the capi- In view of the recent research on the civilization pro- tals of Chu State include Danyang 丹阳 of the early stage, cess of the middle reach of Yangtze River, we may infer Ying 郢 of the middle stage and Chenying 陈郢 and that Danyang ought to be a central settlement among a Shouying 寿郢 of the late stage. Archaeologically group of settlements not far away from Jingshan 荆山 speaking, Chenying and Shouying are traceable while with rice as the main crop. No matter whether there are the locations of Danyang and Yingdu 郢都 are still any remains of fosses around the central settlement, its oblivious and scholars differ on this issue. Since Chu area must be larger than ordinary sites and be of higher capitals are the political, economical and cultural cen- scale and have public amenities such as large buildings ters of Chu State, the research on Chu capitals directly or altars. The site ought to have definite functional sec- affects further study of Chu culture. tions and the cemetery ought to be divided into that of Based on previous research, I intend to summarize the aristocracy and the plebeians. The relevant docu- the exploration of Danyang, Yingdu and Shouying in ments and the unearthed inscriptions on tortoise shells recent years, review the insufficiency of the former re- from Zhouyuan 周原 saying “the viscount of Chu search and current methods and advance some personal (actually the ruler of Chu) came to inform” indicate that opinion on the locations of Chu capitals and later explo- Zhou had frequent contact and exchange with Chu. -
Memorial on Annexation of Feudal States and Memorial on the Burning of Books, by Li Si (As Recorded by Sima Qian)
Primary Source Document with Questions (DBQs) M E M O R I A L O N A N N E X A T I O N O F F E U D A L S T A T E S A N D M E M O R I A L O N T H E B U R N I N G O F B O O K S B y L i S i ( a s r e c o r d e d b y S i m a Q i a n ) Introduction Li Si (d. 208 BCE) was, along with the Legalist philosopher Han Fei (d. 233 BCE), a student of Xunzi (c. 310-c. 219 BCE) and an official for the kingdom of Qin. When Qin conquered the remaining feudal states of the Zhou dynasty and built a new, centralized empire, Li Si was prime minister to the first emperor, Qin Shihuang. As prime minister, Li Si had the opportunity to bring Legalist political philosophy to bear on the task of uniting and ruling the patchwork of now-conquered feudal states of the former Zhou kingdom. The memorials below are two examples of the policies that Li Si successfully urged Qin Shihuang to follow. The memorials, in the form that we have them, are recorded by the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian (145?-86? BCE). They may, therefore, reflect Han bias in either the choice made or the accuracy of the record. However, we have no alternative sources from which to compare the record and investigate the nature and extent of whatever bias may be present. -
{PDF EPUB} Five Lost Classics Tao Huang-Lao and Yin-Yang in Han China by Robin D.S
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Five Lost Classics Tao Huang-lao and Yin-yang in Han China by Robin D.S. Yates Learn - Explore | Bibliographical notes for the Ma Wang Dui texts. Mawang Dui 馬王堆 - the Horse King Mound - is an archaeological site located in Changsha, China. It is the site of three tombs belonging to the first Marquis of Dai, his wife, and a male who is believed to be their son. The site was excavated from 1972 to 1974. Most of the artifacts from Mawangdui are displayed at the Hunan Provincial Museum. This discovery was monumental, one of the most significant of the 20th century and has changed our view of the history of medicine and Daoism in China. The tomb contained various medical texts, including depictions of qigong (dao yin) exercises. For our purposes we will mainly focus on these philosophical and medical texts, but the tombs contained political and historical texts as well. the texts. These text were “written to advise ruling Han dynasty authorities on how to attune themselves to the cosmos at a time of rapidly changing political and social climate.” From the sleeve of Yates' Five Lost Classics : “In 1973, among the many unique documents discovered in the richly furnished tomb of a Han-dynasty aristocrat, were five books written on silk, primary texts of Huang-lao Daoism and Yin-yang philosophy that had been lost to mankind for more than 2,000 years. A discovery as important in China as the unearthing of the Dead Sea Scrolls was in the West, the Mawangdui texts created a sensation when they were first published, even leading to the foundation of a new religion on Taiwan… The recovery of the five lost classics sheds new light on a critical transitional period of Chinese political and intellectual history. -
The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival Occurs on the 5Th Day of the 5Th Month of the Chinese Lunisolar Calendar and Lasts for Three Days
Dragon Boat Festival The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar and lasts for three days. This festival is also known as the Tuen Ng Festival, the Duanwu Festival, the Zhongxiao Festival, and the Double Fifth Festival. This holiday has been observed nationally for over 2,000 years. There are three different stories of whom this festival commemorates: Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu, and Cao E. The most well known story is about Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese patriotic poet who was alive from 340-278 BCE. Qu Yuan was a minister in the state of Chu who wrote many poems to show his love and devotion for his country. He drowned himself in the river after he was exiled by the king because he didn’t want to see his country be invaded and conquered by the state of Qin. It is said that local people raced out in their boats to retrieve his body. When they couldn’t find his body, they dropped balls of sticky rice (zongzi) into the river so the fish would eat them and not Qu Yuan’s body. This was said to be the creation of zongzi, sticky rice dumplings or “Chinese tamales”. He died on the 5th day of the 5th month, thus the people created this festival to honor his death. The southeast region of Jiangsu (former territory of the state of Wu) commemorates Wu Zixu who was a Premier, a politician. Zixu warned his king, King Fuchai, of a dangerous plot regarding a beautiful woman, Xishi, who was sent by king Goujian of the state of Yue. -
Read Ebook / Pharmacy Informatics(Chinese Edition
5I7BMFUE1048 » Kindle » Pharmacy Informatics(Chinese Edition) Download PDF Online PHARMACY INFORMATICS(CHINESE EDITION) To read Pharmacy Informatics(Chinese Edition) PDF, make sure you refer to the hyperlink listed below and download the ebook or get access to other information which might be have conjunction with PHARMACY INFORMATICS(CHINESE EDITION) ebook. Download PDF Pharmacy Informatics(Chinese Edition) Authored by HU JIN HONG . CHU WEN GONG Released at - Filesize: 2.87 MB Reviews Unquestionably, this is the greatest operate by any article writer. I could comprehended everything out of this written e ebook. Your way of life span will be transform as soon as you total reading this book. -- Andy Erdman Very useful to all class of individuals. It is amongst the most awesome publication i actually have read through. You will like just how the blogger create this pdf. -- Lisa Jacobs Undoubtedly, this is actually the nest work by any author. Of course, it is perform, nonetheless an amazing and interesting literature. You will like just how the article writer publish this book. -- Dr. Isom Dibbert Jr. TERMS | DMCA IEQX7URS9TR8 » Doc » Pharmacy Informatics(Chinese Edition) Related Books Found around the world : pay attention to safety(Chinese Edition) Plants vs. Zombies game book - to play the stickers 2 (puzzle game swept the world. most played together(Chinese Edition) Genuine the book spiritual growth of children picture books: let the children learn to say no the A Bofu (AboffM)(Chinese Edition) 365 the night before going to bed good story books Mall genuine Wenxuan network(Chinese Edition) 0-4 years old baby enlightening story picture book set: Bedtime volume (latest edition to enlarge marked phonetic characters large capacity enlightenment small language)(Chinese Edition). -
The Towers of Yue Olivia Rovsing Milburn Abstract This Paper
Acta Orientalia 2010: 71, 159–186. Copyright © 2010 Printed in Norway – all rights reserved ACTA ORIENTALIA ISSN 0001-6438 The Towers of Yue Olivia Rovsing Milburn Seoul National University Abstract This paper concerns the architectural history of eastern and southern China, in particular the towers constructed within the borders of the ancient non-Chinese Bai Yue kingdoms found in present-day southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong provinces. The skills required to build such structures were first developed by Huaxia people, and hence the presence of these imposing buildings might be seen as a sign of assimilation. In fact however these towers seem to have acquired distinct meanings for the ancient Bai Yue peoples, particularly in marking a strong division between those groups whose ruling houses claimed descent from King Goujian of Yue and those that did not. These towers thus formed an important marker of identity in many ancient independent southern kingdoms. Keywords: Bai Yue, towers, architectural history, identity, King Goujian of Yue Introduction This paper concerns the architectural history of eastern and southern China, in particular the relics of the ancient non-Chinese kingdoms found in present-day southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and 160 OLIVIA ROVSING MILBURN Guangdong provinces. In the late Spring and Autumn period, Warring States era, and early Han dynasty these lands formed the kingdoms of Wu 吳, Yue 越, Minyue 閩越, Donghai 東海 and Nanyue 南越, in addition to the much less well recorded Ximin 西閩, Xiyue 西越 and Ouluo 甌駱.1 The peoples of these different kingdoms were all non- Chinese, though in the case of Nanyue (and possibly also Wu) the royal house was of Chinese origin.2 This paper focuses on one single aspect of the architecture of these kingdoms: the construction of towers. -
The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records (Oxford
oxford world’s classics THE FIRST EMPEROR Sima Qian’s Historical Records (Shiji), from which this selection is taken, is the most famous Chinese historical work, which not only established a pattern for later Chinese historical writing, but was also much admired for its literary qualities, not only in China, but also in Japan, where it became available as early as the eighth cen- tury ad. The work is vast and complex, and to appreciate its nature it is necessary to make a selection of passages concerning a particu- lar period. To this end the short-lived Qin Dynasty, which unified China in the late third century bc, has been chosen for this transla- tion as a key historical period which well illustrates Sima’s method. Sima himself lived from 145 bc to about 86 bc. He inherited the post of Grand Historiographer from his father, and was so deter- mined to complete his work that he suffered the penalty of castra- tion rather than the more honourable alternative of death when he fell foul of the Emperor. Raymond Dawson was an Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. He was Editor of The Legacy of China (1964) and his other publications include The Chinese Chameleon: An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (1967), Imperial China (1972), The Chinese Experience (1978), Confucius (1982), A New Introduction to Classical Chinese (1984), and the Analects (Oxford World’s Classics, 1993). K. E. Brashier is Associate Professor of Religion (Chinese) and Humanities (Chinese) at Reed College. oxford world’s classics For over 100 years Oxford World’s Classics have brought readers closer to the world’s great literature. -
Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? a Study of Early Contacts Between Indo-Iranians and Chinese
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 216 October, 2011 Is Shuma the Chinese Analog of Soma/Haoma? A Study of Early Contacts between Indo-Iranians and Chinese by ZHANG He Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
The Old Master
INTRODUCTION Four main characteristics distinguish this book from other translations of Laozi. First, the base of my translation is the oldest existing edition of Laozi. It was excavated in 1973 from a tomb located in Mawangdui, the city of Changsha, Hunan Province of China, and is usually referred to as Text A of the Mawangdui Laozi because it is the older of the two texts of Laozi unearthed from it.1 Two facts prove that the text was written before 202 bce, when the first emperor of the Han dynasty began to rule over the entire China: it does not follow the naming taboo of the Han dynasty;2 its handwriting style is close to the seal script that was prevalent in the Qin dynasty (221–206 bce). Second, I have incorporated the recent archaeological discovery of Laozi-related documents, disentombed in 1993 in Jishan District’s tomb complex in the village of Guodian, near the city of Jingmen, Hubei Province of China. These documents include three bundles of bamboo slips written in the Chu script and contain passages related to the extant Laozi.3 Third, I have made extensive use of old commentaries on Laozi to provide the most comprehensive interpretations possible of each passage. Finally, I have examined myriad Chinese classic texts that are closely associated with the formation of Laozi, such as Zhuangzi, Lüshi Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Mr. Lü), Han Feizi, and Huainanzi, to understand the intellectual and historical context of Laozi’s ideas. In addition to these characteristics, this book introduces several new interpretations of Laozi. -
Silk Road Fashion, China. the City and a Gate, the Pass and a Road – Four Components That Make Luoyang the Capital of the Silk Roads Between 1St and 7Th Century AD
https://publications.dainst.org iDAI.publications ELEKTRONISCHE PUBLIKATIONEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS Dies ist ein digitaler Sonderdruck des Beitrags / This is a digital offprint of the article Patrick Wertmann Silk Road Fashion, China. The City and a Gate, the Pass and a Road – Four components that make Luoyang the capital of the Silk Roads between 1st and 7th century AD. The year 2018 aus / from e-Forschungsberichte Ausgabe / Issue Seite / Page 19–37 https://publications.dainst.org/journals/efb/2178/6591 • urn:nbn:de:0048-dai-edai-f.2019-0-2178 Verantwortliche Redaktion / Publishing editor Redaktion e-Jahresberichte und e-Forschungsberichte | Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Weitere Informationen unter / For further information see https://publications.dainst.org/journals/efb ISSN der Online-Ausgabe / ISSN of the online edition ISSN der gedruckten Ausgabe / ISSN of the printed edition Redaktion und Satz / Annika Busching ([email protected]) Gestalterisches Konzept: Hawemann & Mosch Länderkarten: © 2017 www.mapbox.com ©2019 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Zentrale, Podbielskiallee 69–71, 14195 Berlin, Tel: +49 30 187711-0 Email: [email protected] / Web: dainst.org Nutzungsbedingungen: Die e-Forschungsberichte 2019-0 des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts stehen unter der Creative-Commons-Lizenz Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell – Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie bitte http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/