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The Debate Over Mixed Seating in the American Synagogue
Jack Wertheimer (ed.) The American Synagogue: A Sanctuary Transformed. New York: Cambridge 13 University Press, 1987 The Debate over Mixed Seating in the American Synagogue JONATHAN D. SARNA "Pues have never yet found an historian," John M. Neale com plained, when he undertook to survey the subject of church seating for the Cambridge Camden Society in 1842. 1 To a large extent, the same situation prevails today in connection with "pues" in the American syn agogue. Although it is common knowledge that American synagogue seating patterns have changed greatly over time - sometimes following acrimonious, even violent disputes - the subject as a whole remains unstudied, seemingly too arcane for historians to bother with. 2 Seating patterns, however, actually reflect down-to-earth social realities, and are richly deserving of study. Behind wearisome debates over how sanctuary seats should be arranged and allocated lie fundamental disagreements over the kinds of social and religious values that the synagogue should project and the relationship between the synagogue and the larger society that surrounds it. As we shall see, where people sit reveals much about what they believe. The necessarily limited study of seating patterns that follows focuses only on the most important and controversial seating innovation in the American synagogue: mixed (family) seating. Other innovations - seats that no longer face east, 3 pulpits moved from center to front, 4 free (un assigned) seating, closed-off pew ends, and the like - require separate treatment. As we shall see, mixed seating is a ramified and multifaceted issue that clearly reflects the impact of American values on synagogue life, for it pits family unity, sexual equality, and modernity against the accepted Jewish legal (halachic) practice of sexual separatiop in prayer. -
TALMUDIC STUDIES Ephraim Kanarfogel
chapter 22 TALMUDIC STUDIES ephraim kanarfogel TRANSITIONS FROM THE EAST, AND THE NASCENT CENTERS IN NORTH AFRICA, SPAIN, AND ITALY The history and development of the study of the Oral Law following the completion of the Babylonian Talmud remain shrouded in mystery. Although significant Geonim from Babylonia and Palestine during the eighth and ninth centuries have been identified, the extent to which their writings reached Europe, and the channels through which they passed, remain somewhat unclear. A fragile consensus suggests that, at least initi- ally, rabbinic teachings and rulings from Eretz Israel traveled most directly to centers in Italy and later to Germany (Ashkenaz), while those of Babylonia emerged predominantly in the western Sephardic milieu of Spain and North Africa.1 To be sure, leading Sephardic talmudists prior to, and even during, the eleventh century were not yet to be found primarily within Europe. Hai ben Sherira Gaon (d. 1038), who penned an array of talmudic commen- taries in addition to his protean output of responsa and halakhic mono- graphs, was the last of the Geonim who flourished in Baghdad.2 The family 1 See Avraham Grossman, “Zik˙atah shel Yahadut Ashkenaz ‘el Erets Yisra’el,” Shalem 3 (1981), 57–92; Grossman, “When Did the Hegemony of Eretz Yisra’el Cease in Italy?” in E. Fleischer, M. A. Friedman, and Joel Kraemer, eds., Mas’at Mosheh: Studies in Jewish and Moslem Culture Presented to Moshe Gil [Hebrew] (Jerusalem, 1998), 143–57; Israel Ta- Shma’s review essays in K˙ ryat Sefer 56 (1981), 344–52, and Zion 61 (1996), 231–7; Ta-Shma, Kneset Mehkarim, vol. -
Rabbi Eliezer Levin, ?"YT: Mussar Personified RABBI YOSEF C
il1lj:' .N1'lN1N1' invites you to join us in paying tribute to the memory of ,,,.. SAMUEL AND RENEE REICHMANN n·y Through their renowned benevolence and generosity they have nobly benefited the Torah community at large and have strengthened and sustained Yeshiva Yesodei Hatorah here in Toronto. Their legendary accomplishments have earned the respect and gratitude of all those whose lives they have touched. Special Honorees Rabbi Menachem Adler Mr. & Mrs. Menachem Wagner AVODASHAKODfSHAWARD MESORES A VOS AW ARD RESERVE YOUR AD IN OUR TRIBUTE DINNER JOURNAL Tribute Dinner to be held June 3, 1992 Diamond Page $50,000 Platinum Page $36, 000 Gold Page $25,000 Silver Page $18,000 Bronze Page $10,000 Parchment $ 5,000 Tribute Page $3,600 Half Page $500 Memoriam Page '$2,500 Quarter Page $250 Chai Page $1,800 Greeting $180 Full Page $1,000 Advertising Deadline is May 1. 1992 Mall or fax ad copy to: REICHMANN ENDOWMENT FUND FOR YYH 77 Glen Rush Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario M5N 2T8 (416) 787-1101 or Fax (416) 787-9044 GRATITUDE TO THE PAST + CONFIDENCE IN THE FUTURE THEIEWISH ()BSERVER THE JEWISH OBSERVER (ISSN) 0021 -6615 is published monthly except July and August by theAgudath Israel of America, 84 William Street, New York, N.Y. 10038. Second class postage paid in New York, N.Y. LESSONS IN AN ERA OF RAPID CHANGE Subscription $22.00 per year; two years, $36.00; three years, $48.00. Outside of the United States (US funds drawn on a US bank only) $1 O.00 6 surcharge per year. -
An Autobiographical Sketch
An Autobiographical Sketch My own personal concern for the relationship between human rights and religion stems from my upbringing and background. I was brought up in the Jewish tradition in Germany and became a refugee child in England at the age of three. My status as a refugee taught me that you can adapt to wherever you live, and in so doing experi- ence a breadth of human society which enriches you. is was made possible for me through the concerns and caring attitude of others. We kept the major Jewish holidays and went to synagogue, and although we were more liberal than orthodox, my father kept traditional values. Our family on my fa- ther’s side were partly of Sephardi origin. Sefarad is the old rabbinic word for Spain and Portugal, thus ‘Sephardi’ denotes those Jews whose ancestors hailed from Spain or Portugal and who were expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in (Spain) and (Portugal) respectively. Many of the merchant families found refuge in North- Western European cities such as Amsterdam, Copenhagen, London and Hamburg. In Hamburg, the Sephardi Jewish community was the first Jewish group to be allowed to settle within that city, partly because they successfully pretended to be Portuguese Catholic merchants. Yet the community was quickly allowed to practise Judaism and, unusually, given permission to establish a synagogue, a privilege that local German Jews would not be accorded until the second half of the seventeenth century. e two communities were separate from very early on. Some of my family were thus part of a long Sephardi history in the midst of the northern ‘Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg’ which itself had a longstanding tradi- tion of trade and exchange all over the world, although my forefathers came from Copenhagen and Rendsburg, which was originally Danish before it became part of Prussia. -
Rodrigo De Castro's Portrait of the Perfect Physician in Early
Medical Ideals in the Sephardic Diaspora: Rodrigo de Castro’s Portrait of the Perfect Physician in early Seventeenth-Century Hamburg JON ARRIZABALAGA Introduction As is well known, there were no formal systems of medical ethics until the end of the eighteenth century. Yet at least from the composition of the Hippocratic Oath, western scholarly debates, particularly among doctors, on the foundations of good medical practice and behaviour produced written works. These works simultaneously reflected and con- tributed to setting customary rules of collective behaviour—medical etiquette—that were reinforced by pressure groups who, while they could not always judge and sentence offenders, sanctioned them with disapproval. Most early modern works on medical etiquette were dominated by the question of what constituted a good medical practitioner, with the emphasis sometimes on the most suitable character of a physician, sometimes on professional behaviour.1 The medical literary genre of the perfect physician appears to have been popular in the early modern Iberian world, and the frequent involvement of converso practitioners in writing about it has often been associated with the peculiarities of their professional posi- tion in the territories under the Spanish monarchy.2 Among the most outstanding examples This article has been prepared within the framework of the research project BHA2002-00512 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology. I am indebted to Enrique Cantera Montenegro, Andrew Cunningham, Teresa Huguet-Termes and Sebastia` Giralt for their advice and material assistance. 1 See the entry ‘Medical ethics, history of Europe’, particularly the sections ‘Ancient and medieval’ (by Darrel W Amundsen) and ‘Renaissance and Enlightenment’ (by Harold J Cook) as well as the bibliography referred to there, in Stephen G Post (ed.), Encyclopedia of bioethics, 3rd ed., 5 vols, New York, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, vol. -
Temple Emanu-El Newsletter
Temple Emanu-El TEN Newsletter ISDN I E TEN VOLUME 92 NUMBER 2 | FEBRUARY - JUNE 2018 | SHEVAT/ADAR/NISAN/IYYAR/SIVAN/TAMUZ 5778 2 Letters 4 B’nai Mitzvahs Choice: The Foundation of Freedom 7 Contributions by Rabbi David-Seth Kirshner 14 Holidays 18 Upcoming Events 26 Sisterhood Chocolate or Vanilla? Democrat or Republican? Jersey Shore or the Hamptons? Our lives are full of choices. Some are trivial and will have very little impact on 29 Men’s Club the shaping of our future. Other decisions like who we marry, taking a specific job or moving to a new city all provide a different fundamental canvas that allows for the portrait of our lives to be painted. Sometimes, even the simplest decision of taking the day off on September 11, or missing a flight can make all of the impact that you could never anticipate. READ THE FULL MESSAGE FROM RABBI KIRSHNER ON THE NEXT PAGE > A LETTER FROM OUR RAbbI Choice: The Foundation of Freedom Chocolate or Vanilla? Democrat or Republican? Jersey Shore or the Hamptons? Our lives are full of choices. Some are trivial and will have very little impact on the shaping of our future. Other decisions like who we marry, taking a specific job or moving to a new city all provide a different fundamental canvas that allows for the portrait of our lives to be painted. Sometimes, even the simplest decision of taking the day off on September 11, or missing a flight can make all of the impact that you could never anticipate. Choice is rarely appreciated. -
Hakham Jacob Sasportas and the Former Conversos
STUDIA ROSENTHALIANA 44 (2012), 149-172 doi: 10.2143/SR.44.0.2189614 Hakham Jacob Sasportas and the Former Conversos MATT GOLDISH AKHAM JACOB SASPORTAS (1610-1698) is best known for his battle H against the followers of the messiah Shabbatai Zvi in 1665-66, but he was an important figure for many other reasons as well. Sasportas was, for example, the only rabbi to serve (or at least live) in all the major centers of the Western Sephardi diaspora: Amsterdam, London, Hamburg, and Livorno. Before he ever arrived in Europe he had a distinguished rabbinic career in North Africa. He left behind important responsa and letters which throw light on a number of historical topics. One of these is the encounter between the traditional rabbinate and the cadre of for- mer conversos who escaped the Iberian Peninsula to create new lives as Jews in Western Europe. Yosef Kaplan has made the exploration of these communities the center of his scholarly endeavors for four decades. He has demonstrated that the communities of Western Sephardim looked like other Sephardic communities but operated very differently under the surface. Sasportas was a thoroughly traditional rabbi who took the respect of the rabbinate and rabbinic tradition with the utmost serious- ness. What happened when such a figure encountered communities of people who had grown up as Christians and subsequently created their own version of a Jewish community as they saw fit? Life Sasportas’s biography is an important key to many aspects of his activi- ties and attitudes. He came from one of the most respected and influen- tial Jewish families in North Africa. -
1 Beginning the Conversation
NOTES 1 Beginning the Conversation 1. Jacob Katz, Exclusiveness and Tolerance: Jewish-Gentile Relations in Medieval and Modern Times (New York: Schocken, 1969). 2. John Micklethwait, “In God’s Name: A Special Report on Religion and Public Life,” The Economist, London November 3–9, 2007. 3. Mark Lila, “Earthly Powers,” NYT, April 2, 2006. 4. When we mention the clash of civilizations, we think of either the Spengler battle, or a more benign interplay between cultures in individual lives. For the Spengler battle, see Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996). For a more benign interplay in individual lives, see Thomas L. Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1999). 5. Micklethwait, “In God’s Name.” 6. Robert Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005). “Interview with Robert Wuthnow” Religion and Ethics Newsweekly April 26, 2002. Episode no. 534 http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week534/ rwuthnow.html 7. Wuthnow, America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity, 291. 8. Eric Sharpe, “Dialogue,” in Mircea Eliade and Charles J. Adams, The Encyclopedia of Religion, first edition, volume 4 (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 345–8. 9. Archbishop Michael L. Fitzgerald and John Borelli, Interfaith Dialogue: A Catholic View (London: SPCK, 2006). 10. Lily Edelman, Face to Face: A Primer in Dialogue (Washington, DC: B’nai B’rith, Adult Jewish Education, 1967). 11. Ben Zion Bokser, Judaism and the Christian Predicament (New York: Knopf, 1967), 5, 11. 12. Ibid., 375. -
Giovanni Mercurio Da Correggio's Appearance in Italy As Seen Through the Eyes of an Italian Jew David B
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (History) Department of History 1975 Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio's Appearance in Italy as Seen through the Eyes of an Italian Jew David B. Ruderman University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/history_papers Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Cultural History Commons, European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, Intellectual History Commons, and the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ruderman, D. B. (1975). Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio's Appearance in Italy as Seen through the Eyes of an Italian Jew. Renaissance Quarterly, 28 (3), 309-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2859808 At the time of this publication, Dr. Ruderman was affiliated with the University of Maryland, College Park, but he is now a faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/history_papers/40 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio's Appearance in Italy as Seen through the Eyes of an Italian Jew Abstract The literary evidence describing the revelation of the strange Christian prophet Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio in the communities of Italy and France at the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century has been treated with considerable interest by a number of scholars. W.B. McDaniel was the first to publish the existing evidence on this unusual figure, together with the text of a hermetic plague tract attributed to him with an English translation. These sources portray a divinely inspired prophet, together with his wife, five children, and his disciples, making his way as a mendicant through Italy and France. -
Genocide, Memory and History
AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH AFTERMATH AFTERMATH GENOCIDE, MEMORY AND HISTORY EDITED BY KAREN AUERBACH Aftermath: Genocide, Memory and History © Copyright 2015 Copyright of the individual chapters is held by the chapter’s author/s. Copyright of this edited collection is held by Karen Auerbach. All rights reserved. Apart from any uses permitted by Australia’s Copyright Act 1968, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the copyright owners. Inquiries should be directed to the publisher. Monash University Publishing Matheson Library and Information Services Building 40 Exhibition Walk Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia www.publishing.monash.edu Monash University Publishing brings to the world publications which advance the best traditions of humane and enlightened thought. Monash University Publishing titles pass through a rigorous process of independent peer review. www.publishing.monash.edu/books/agmh-9781922235633.html Design: Les Thomas ISBN: 978-1-922235-63-3 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-922235-64-0 (PDF) ISBN: 978-1-876924-84-3 (epub) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Title: Aftermath : genocide, memory and history / editor Karen Auerbach ISBN 9781922235633 (paperback) Series: History Subjects: Genocide. Genocide--Political aspects. Collective memory--Political aspects. Memorialization--Political aspects. Other Creators/Contributors: Auerbach, Karen, editor. Dewey Number: 304.663 CONTENTS Introduction ............................................... -
URJ Online Communications Master Word List 1 MASTER
URJ Online Communications Master Word List MASTER WORD LIST, Ashamnu (prayer) REFORMJUDAISM.org Ashkenazi, Ashkenazim Revised 02-12-15 Ashkenazic Ashrei (prayer) Acharei Mot (parashah) atzei chayim acknowledgment atzeret Adar (month) aufruf Adar I (month) Av (month) Adar II (month) Avadim (tractate) “Adir Hu” (song) avanah Adon Olam aveirah Adonai Avinu Malkeinu (prayer) Adonai Melech Avinu shebashamayim Adonai Tz’vaot (the God of heaven’s hosts [Rev. avodah Plaut translation] Avodah Zarah (tractate) afikoman avon aggadah, aggadot Avot (tractate) aggadic Avot D’Rabbi Natan (tractate) agunah Avot V’Imahot (prayer) ahavah ayin (letter) Ahavah Rabbah (prayer) Ahavat Olam (prayer) baal korei Akeidah Baal Shem Tov Akiva baal t’shuvah Al Cheit (prayer) Babylonian Empire aleph (letter) Babylonian exile alef-bet Babylonian Talmud Aleinu (prayer) baby naming, baby-naming ceremony Al HaNisim (prayer) badchan aliyah, aliyot Balak (parashah) A.M. (SMALL CAPS) bal tashchit am baraita, baraitot Amidah Bar’chu Amora, Amoraim bareich amoraic Bar Kochba am s’gulah bar mitzvah Am Yisrael Baruch atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech haolam, Angel of Death asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu Ani Maamin (prayer) Baruch She-Amar (prayer) aninut Baruch Shem anti-Semitism Baruch SheNatan (prayer) Arachin (tractate) bashert, basherte aravah bat arbaah minim bat mitzvah arba kanfot Bava Batra (tractate) Arba Parashiyot Bava Kama (tractate) ark (synagogue) Bava M’tzia (tractate) ark (Noah’s) Bavli Ark of the Covenant, the Ark bayit (house) Aron HaB’rit Bayit (the Temple) -
Religious Confessions and the Sciences in the Sixteenth Century Edited by Jürgen Helm and Annette Winkelmann Studies in European Judaism
Religious Confessions and the Sciences in the Sixteenth Century edited by Jürgen Helm and Annette Winkelmann Studies in European Judaism. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2001. Pp. xvi + 161. ISBN 90–04–12045–9. Cloth $64.00 Reviewed by James T. Robinson University of Chicago [email protected] Religious Confessions and the Sciences in the Sixteenth Century, the proceedings of a conference held in 1998 at the Wittenberg Leucorea Foundation, is a welcome addition to the growing literature on re- ligion and science. It presents eleven diverse case studies, each fo- cusing on a different example of the interaction between religion and science in the 16th century. Section 1, ‘Christian Confessions and the Sciences’, focuses on Lutheran, Calvinist, and Jesuit developments in Germany and Royal Prussia. Section 2, ‘Ways of Transmission’, examines the Jewish role in the transmission of science in Italy and the Ottoman Empire after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Section 3, ‘Judaism between Tradition and Scientific Discover- ies’, considers Jewish developments primarily in Italy. It also includes a brief essay on the Maharal of Prague and a more synthetic article on the history of geography in Jewish sources. According to the editors of the volume, the purpose of the confer- ence was to present a very wide perspective on the impact of the Ref- ormation and Counter-Reformation on scientific developments. This wide perspective has in fact produced an extraordinary range of sub- jects. In this slim volume of 161 pages, the essays range from Ger- many and Prussia to Italy and the Ottoman Empire, from Lutherans and Calvinists to Jesuits and Jews.