JOURNAL of the NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC.

PRINT POST APPROVED VOLUME 21 NO. 7 PP 543662 / 00018 AUGUST 1997

NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC.

PO Box 565, UNLEY SA 5061

The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of native orchids through cultivation of native orchids, through preservation of naturally-occurring orchid and natural habitat.

Except with the documented official representation from the Management Committee of the native orchid society of South Australia, no person is authorised to represent the society on any matter.

All native orchids are protected plants in the wild. Their collection without written Government permit is illegal.

PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian

PRESIDENT: SECRETARY:

Mr George Nieuwenhoven Cathy Houston Telephone: 8264 5825 Telephone: 8356 7356

VICE-PRESIDENT: TREASURER:

Mr Roy Hargreaves Mrs Iris Freeman

COMMITTEE: LIFE MEMBERS:

Mr J. Peace Mr R. Hargreaves Mr D. Hirst Mr R. T. Robjohns Mrs T. Bridle Mr L. Nesbitt Mr D. Pettifor Mr D. Wells Mr G Carne Mr J Simmons (deceased) Mr H Goldsack (deceased) EDITORS: Bob Bates & Kerry Jolly REGISTRAR OF JUDGES: 38 Portmarnock Street Fairview Park 5126 Mr L. Nesbitt Telephone: 8251 2443

JOURNAL COST: $1 PER ISSUE

The Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. while taking all care, take no responsibility for the loss, destruction or damage to any plants whether at benchings, shows, exhibits or on the sales table or for any losses attributed to the use of any material published in this Journal or of action taken on advice or views expressed by any member or invited speaker at any meeting or exhibition. Views and Opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Management Committee.

COPYRIGHT: The NOSSA Management Committee condones the reprint of any article within this Journal, provided acknowledgement is given to the source and author.

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: $14 FAMILY OR SINGLE. DUE IN MARCH EACH YEAR.

61

NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY

OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC

AUGUST 1997 Vol. 21. No. 7 JOURNAL

AUGUST MEETING

Tuesday, August 26th at 8.00 pm: at St Matthews Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Les Nesbitt and others will speak about Planning and Setting up the Spring Show.

Doors to the hall will be open at 7.15 pm for those wishing to borrow books from the library or take in items for the trading table.

PAGE CONTENTS AUTHOR 61 Diary Dates 62 On The Bench 63 New species in SA 64 Pollination Studies of Caladenia rigida Doug Bickerton 65 Orchids of Halbury Scrub Barbara Bayley 66 Genoplesium Hybrids Thelma Bridle 67 Excursion Report Doug Bickerton 68 In Your Library Geoff Edwards

DIARY DATES

Aug 24 Conservation Group, Belair Aug 31 Open Day at Roger Herriman's Sep 13 Hardy's Scrub field trip Sep 19 - 21 N.O.S.S.A. Spring Show Sep 29 NEDOS Show North Park Plaza Sep 27 - 28 S.G.A.P. Show & Conference Nov 30 Christmas Barbecue

COMMITTEE MEETING

To be held at 7.30 pm Monday September 2nd at the home of L & M Nesbitt.

62 ON THE BENCH

Terrestrials: Acianthus pusillus, Pterostylis baptistii, P. concinna, P. concinna x P. grandiflora, P. X conglossa, P. cycnocephala, P. curta, P. aff. longifolia (SA), P. aff. longifolia (TAS), P. aff. nana, P. aff. nutans, P. Nodding Grace, P. robusta, P. aff. robusta, P. taurus

Epiphytes: Bulbophyllum bowkettiae, B. schillerianum, Dendrobium affine, D. Aussie Kenny, D. Ellen, D. Ellen x Kuringai, D, Elegant Heart x Ellen, D. Elegant Autumn, D. Kuringai, D. lichenastrum, D. Lorikeet, D. Pintarry x Sunglow, D. Rutherford, D. Telekon .

A point observed with the two Pterostylis aff. longifolia is that side by side they were clearly different species. Many orchid enthusiasts find it hard to accept that there are many species in the P. longifolia complex until they see them together!

Les Burgess gave the commentary on the Terrestrials Noel Oliver gave the commentary on the Epiphytes

JUDGING

Terrestrial species 1st Pterostylis russelli grown by Jan Burford 2nd Pterostylis curta grown by M. Tiggerman

Terrestrial hybrid 1st Pterostylis concinna x grandiflora grown by J. Burford

Epiphyte species 1st Dendrobium lichenastrum grown by G. Nieuwenhoven 2nd Bulbophyllum bowkettae grown by A. Jennings

Epiphyte hybrid 1st Dendrobium Aussie Kenny grown by G. Nieuwenhoven 2nd Dendrobium Elegant Autumn grown by S & B Meszaros

POPULAR VOTE

Best Terrestrial: Pterostylis taurus grown by L. Nesbitt

Best Epiphytes: Dendrobium Aussie Kenny grown by S & B Meszaros

Plant Of The Night: Pterostylis russelli

JULY MEETING - SPEAKER

Jeff Reid President of SGAP and leader of their conservation group discussed the biology and ecology of mangroves north of Adelaide and of their reintroduction in some areas! Jeff also took us adventuring in The Tothills, a small rugged range of mountains near Blacksprings.

63 SPECIAL VISITOR: Len Field, a NOSSA member since 1984 attended our July meeting. Len who is well known for the work he does to promote orchids hails from New South Wales.

NEXT OPEN DAY August 31 at Roger Herriman's 42 Dashwood Road. Beaumont at 1pm.

NEXT FIELD TRIP Goldfields Trip this Sat. August 23. Meet at Sandy Creek by the Pub at 10am. We will also visit the Altona sandscrubs. For other trips see last page!

POPULAR VOTING This may in future take place before 8pm to avoid meetings going too late.

A NEW ORCHID SPECIES FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA

In the latest Orchadian (June 1997) the greenhood previously known in South Australia as Pterostylis obtusa or P. aff. alveata has been officially named Pterostylis bryophila D Jones. The name means moss loving and those who attended a recent field trip to see this species will know the name to be appropriate. The species is threatened by loss of habitat, weeds and trampling. The good news is that most of its remaining habitat has just been declared a conservation park as S.A. Water has handed its Myponga Reservoir-Mount Billy land over to DENR without cost. See further report page 66 from Doug Bickerton.

OCSA SHOW Set up at Centennial Hall before 7.30. Wed Aug. 27. If you would like to display plants please ring George Nieuwenhoven.

ENID ROBERTSON AM (CORRECTION). Last month's article on Enid had a typing error. Enid spent the last 20 years as a botanist specialising in marine algae and seagrasses - not the first 20 years.

64 Pollination Study of the Endangered Orchid Caladenia rigida by Doug Bickerton

Part 2: Patch Size

Last month's article on this research project was concerned with hand pollination as a management strategy for this orchid. The first conclusion was that hand pollination improved the pollination rate and the amount of seed set, but that tests of seed germination rates should be performed sometime in the future. The other finding was that those flowers which were selfed did not produce significantly less (or more) seed than those which were crossed, and therefore, if cross pollinating a flower proved to be difficult or impractical, then selfing should be recommended.

This article considers another question which was explored during the study:- Is there a correlation between patch size and pollination rate? A "patch" of orchids was defined in the following way: if a C. rigida flower was within 5 metres radius of another one, then it was considered to be in the same patch.

As mentioned in Part 1, the study comprised of flowers belonging to one of three treatments :- H group (flowers cross pollinated by hand); S group (flowers self pollinated by hand); and N group (the control group). For this particular test on patch size, only flowers in the control group were considered. When a control group flower showed signs of having been successfully pollinated, notes were made of the number of C. rigida flowers in the patch. The data were then analysed to find the pollination rate of various patch sizes.

RESULTS - The correlation between patch size and pollination rate was found to be very significant (the probability of such a correlation occurring by coincidence is less than 0.1%). The results are summarised in Table 3, which shows that flowers from a patch of 10 or less had a success rate of less than 30%, whilst flowers from a patch of 16 or more had a success rate of almost 60%.

Total Patch Size Fruit Swell No Swell 1-10 18 43 11-15 7 9 16 - 40 17 12

Table 3 - The pollination rate of C. rigida according to patch size. (nb It should be remembered that some flowers in a patch were hand pollinated, and could not be included in this test. This explains why the number of flowers in the two larger patch size categories is not as high as one would expect.)

Such a strong positive correlation between patch size and pollination rate suggests that larger patches offer more attraction to pollinators than smaller ones. This has important implications for the management of C. rigida, namely that if the task of hand pollination was limited by time or the number of volunteers, it would not be necessary to hand pollinate flowers from a patch of 16 or more. The flowers that would most benefit from hand pollination are those from a patch of ten or less. Of these, most should be cross pollinated, and as already mentioned in Part 1, the more isolated flowers could be self pollinated.

Part 3 discusses insect pollinators of C. rigida, including a first time ever discovery

(Excerpts from the author 's Post-Grad Dip. research paper, completed Feb. 1997.)

GRAMPIANS FIELDTRIP by David Pettifor

I will be going on a 'field trip' to the Grampians for the weekend of November 1-3rd this year. If anyone wishes to accompany me I will be happy to lead this trip. Names will be required to book accommodation. The weekend will be self catering except for dinner at the Hotel in Halls Gap. I can not promise 48 orchids as we saw in ------

65 1996 but I do know where they should be! I will be leaving on Thursday AM prior to the weekend and looking for orchids at Kaniva, Little Desert, Kiata, Dadswells Bridge, Deep Lead, the Ironbarks and Stawell. There are good caravan parks at Nhill, Horsham and at Stawell. Contact me on 014095457 after 7pm or meet at Stawell information bay at l0am Saturday.

BOTANISTS OF THE ORCHIDS NO. 29 Sir 1743 - 1820 by Sandy Phillips

Banks, the son of a wealthy land owner, was born in London. At the age of 9 he was sent to Harrow School, then to Eton. He was not considered a good student. At the age of 17 he entered Oxford, while there his father died, leaving him a great fortune and estate. In 1766 he joined a vessel sent to Newfoundland to investigate the fishery there. In 1768 the Royal Society was planning an expedition to the south seas, with Captain James Cook as commander and Banks, aged 25, as Director. Banks selected personnel, he engaged Dr D Solander, plus four artists and servants. He spent 10,000 pounds ensuring that the party had the best equipment. In a letter to Linnaeus, John Ellis wrote of Banks expenditure and planning as: "No better people ever went to sea better fitted out for the purpose of natural history, or more elegantly." They first collected plants at Tierra del Fuego, then Botany Bay. After almost three years they returned with their thousands of specimens and drawings. In 1772 Banks was made Director of Kew Gardens by George 111.

Orchids named after Sir Joseph Banks include Pterostylis banksii (a large greenhood). The genus Banksia is the best known genus of plants to commemorate his name.

Conservation Excursion Report by Doug Bickerton

On the 20th of July, about nine members of the NOSSA conservation group met for a day of weeding at Hindmarsh Valley. We worked in a gully located on SA Water land, where the endangered Pterostylis bryophila (previously P. aff. obtusa) is to be found. This site was subject to an intense bushfire about four years ago, & the subsequent regrowth of Acacia paradoxa, Eucalyptus fasciculosa, African daisy & bridal creeper is seriously threatening the orchid's habitat. Gerry Carne had sought permission from SA Water for us to be there, & we arrived armed with secateurs, loppers, pruning saws & weeding wands.

Some of the group had never been involved in any bushcare activity before, & it was a learning experience for them. Since two of the species threatening the Pterostylis are natives, it was important not to remove them completely, but rather thin them out from selected areas. We cut back the Acacias & Eucalypts, pulled out the African daisies, & poisoned the bridal creeper. Keeping true to the Bradley method of bushcare, we removed exotic weeds from the healthiest areas of bush, & made small weeding forays into the areas of heavy regrowth. We intend to continue weeding the area in the next few years.

Despite the fact that the site has become so overgrown, it seems that there are about 300 P. bryophila, in flower, bud or leaf. Other orchids seen were P. nutans, P. pedunculata, Acianthus pusilla, & Leptoceras menziesii. We were blessed with a sunny, mild winter's day, & everybody present found the time was both enjoyable & rewarding. An impromptu weeding excursion to Halbury has been organised for mid-August (it will have already happened by the time you read this), & we will report on this & more in the next journal.

STOP PRESS - SA Water decided recently that they no longer need or want this parcel of land, & there were fears that it would be sold to a private landowner with little or no interest in conservation. However a news item on ABC radio (2.8.97) claims the land has been given to the Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources, to be a conservation reserve. This is indeed good news

ROUND AUSTRALIA TRIP We wish Ken & Barbara Bayley all the best on their forthcoming around Australia trip beginning this month. See Barbara's article over!

66 ORCHIDS OF HALBURY SCRUB by Barb Bayley

The Halbury Scrub is a 1.2 hectare patch of natural scrub listed as Parklands of Halbury on maps of the local area. Ken and I have been visiting this little patch of scrub since 1991 and observing the orchids. The first orchid we found was Pterostylis aff. boormanii. This September flowering species is now confined to the Halbury area and is therefore endangered even though it is the most frequent orchid present. It occurs under Callitris often with the later flowering P. excelsa. [ In the 70s P. pusilla also occurred here and a hybrid with the P. aff. boormanii was collected Ed.]

Pterostylis robusta are numerous with several large colonies and other smaller patches. There are just a few Pterostylis mutica here and there and Linear is one colony of Pterostylis aff. nana with no more than 12 rosettes and we have only ever seen one flower.

Caladenia verrucosa while not in large numbers has a good spread compared to other Caladenia here. There is just one patch of Caladenia stricta with 6 plants, three of which flowered in 1996. We have also located a single patch of Caladenia filamentosa var tentaculata with about 9 flowers last year. Caladenia fuscata is a very bright pink flowered species and only 5 have been found.

We have located 4 Thelymitra leaves and although we have never seen them flower we assume them to be T. nuda. They have been chewed by rabbits in the past but the Calicivirus has knocked out the local rabbit population so they should do better.

There is one main colony of Cyrtostylis robusta in a slightly moister microhabitat.. This year there were 8 Genoplesium nigricans and still only two G. linearis although there are more of these on a local roadside.

Just when we thought we had found all there was to be found we located Cyanicula deformis, just one lonely specimen.

With such small numbers of orchids in this area one can only wonder how long before some reach local extinction. The biggest threat to them is soursob and bridal creeper.

[Some good news here:

1 Halbury parklands is now a Bushcare site

2 NOSSA conservation group members have also begun a project to hand pollinate and do weed control,

3 and the Threatened Action Group has won a recent grant to work on saving the Pterostylis aff. Boormanii (sometimes known as Pterostylis Halbury) Ed.]

67 GENOPLESIUM LINEARIS AND HYBRIDS AT HALBURY by T. Bridle

Ken and Barbara Bayley first found Genoplesium linearis ms at Halbury in 1995. David Jones confirmed their find and is currently looking at the natural hybrids formed with G. nigricans which the Bayleys sent this year. Halbury is about 100km north of Adelaide. This intensively farmed area has an annual rainfall of 350mm.. We have now found these same orchids along the road to Balaklava just south of Halbury. At the end of April approximately 60 G. nigricans, 30 G. linearis and 15 hybrids were counted in an area of 500x50metres. G. nigricans was growing in the roadside scrub with the main colonies of G. linearis and the hybrids close to the road and runoff drain.

G. linearis is similar to G. nigricans. Its stem is shorter [13cm cf 18cm] and reddish in colour. The flowers are loosely arranged, fewer in number, red with deep maroon labellum. Flowers of the hybrids also tend to be loosely arranged, green with red markings and a deep maroon labellum. There are some differences in the raised callus plates of the labellums. All three have clawed appendages and gland tipped . The lateral are more divergent in G. linearis than the hybrid, with G. nigricans being the most divergent. Being so small, these orchids are hard to study

68 Excursions

Next Conservation Group Outing

Sunday 24 August: Belair National Park Survey of NOSSA Sites. A111 Members are welcome and invited to assist in the counting of orchid species. If you are familiar with our orchid species, we could use your help. If you are new to orchids and have difficulty identifying native orchid species, this outing should provide a good introduction for you. Meet at the Information Centre in front of main gate at 10 am. We should be finished about 1 pm and may visit other orchid sites within the park.

Four years ago the NOSSA Conservation Group removed weeds such as boneseed from three sites within the Park. The sites have been surveyed for orchid populations on a regular basis since the clearing first took place. We are very pleased to say that the weeding programme has been very successful in that large numbers of orchids are now growing on all three sites. We are now in our fifth and final year of the Survey.

Next Field Trip

Sunday 31 August at 10.00 am sharp: Ferries MacDonald Conservation Park. We hope to see Caladenia cardiochila, Caladenia stricta, Pterostylis plumosa, Diuris palustris and other uncommon/rare mallee orchids. Bring a lunch. Meet at the Callington turnoff on main Adelaide to Murray Bridge Highway (exit highway and proceed to top of ramp, turn left and meet at side of road). There will be a fair bit of walking through the scrub, but all will be across flat land and relatively slow to enable the photographers to take their photos and the rest of us to enjoy the day.

Saturday September 13th at 11.00 am. Hardy's Scrub. Meet at Blewitt Springs Fire Hall (CFS). Bring a lunch (and your binoculars). There should be lots of orchids and birds to see.

Field trips are constantly being organised by various NOSSA Members. If you are organising an excursion and wouldn't mind others attending, or if you have a free weekend and would like to join in on a field trip, contact Gerry Carne (8332 7730), who will act as a 'field trip information centre'.

NOSSA SPRING SHOW EVENT CONSERVATION INFORMATION DISPLAY and PRESENTATION

If you are interested in assisting the Conservation Group in setting up and later taking down our display or attending a Conservation Information Booth, please advise Gerry Carne (8332 7730). We want to do something extra special this year; -if you have any ideas let us know. The Spring Show will be held September 19-21.

69 The NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC

1997 SPRING SHOW SCHEDULE AND CONDITIONS OF ENTRY

Champions Grand champion Native Orchid of the Shoxw Australian Hybrids (ANOS medal-donated by NOSSA) Hybrids with non-Australian parentage, either wholly or partly, are not eligible for entry in these classes. Champion Terrestrial Species - The Roy Hargreaves Prize (donated by Roy Hargreaves) 201 Dendrobium Primary Hybrid - Section Dendrocoryne 202 Dendrobium Hybrid - Section Dendrocoryne - Champion Terrestrial Hybrid - The Kay Nesbitt Trophy white/cream (donated by Les Nesbitt) 203 Dendrobium Hybrid - Section Dendrocoryne - yellow/orange Champion Epiphytic Species - The Wells Trophy 204 Dendrobium Hybrid - Section Dendrocoryne - (donated by Bub and Don Wells) pink/red/purple 205 Dendrobium Hybrid - Section Dendrocoryne - Champion Epiphytic Hybrid any other colour 206 Dendrobium Hybrid - predominantly Rhizobium Champion Floral Art Exhibit parentage 207 Dendrobium Hybrid - Section Spatulata The Bill Murdoch Trophy - Best Australian Species 208 Dendrobium Hybrid - Cold - hot type parentage

(donated by the Ira Butler Trophy Committee) 209 Other Dendrobium Hybrid 210 Sarcanthinae Hybrid - white The Ira Butler Trophy - Best Australian Hybrid 211 Sarcanthinae Hybrid - pink or red (donated by the Ira Butler Trophy Committee) 212 Sarcanthinae Hybrid - any other colour 213 Seedling Epiphyte Hybrid - First flowering ********** 214 Specimen Hybrid Epiphyte Displays A card will be presented to the best display in each section. 220 Caladenia Hybrid 221 Diuris Hybrid Section 1 _ Floor Display 222 Pterostylis Hybrid Section 2 - Tabletop Display 223 Thelymitra Hybrid Section 3 - Display by another Society 224 Other Terrestrial Hybrid 225 Seedling Terrestrial Hybrid Orchid Classes 226 Specimen Terrestrial Hybrid All Orchids for judging must be nominated. Nomination is free. Forms will be available on set up day. Orchids for judging may Australasian Species be staged in displays or as individual plants on the benches Includes species from within the ANOS defined Australasian provided. First and second prize cards will be awarded. Region, with the exception of Australia.

Australian Species 301 Dendrobium Species 101 Dendrobium falcorostrum 302 Other Australasian Species 102 Dendrobium gracilicaule 103 Dendrobium kingianum Australasian Hybrids 104 Dendrobium speciosum complex Hybrids between Australasian parents only or hybrids with 105 Dendrobium tetragonum complex mixed Australasian and Australian parentage. 106 Other Dendrobium species - Section Dendrocoryne 107 Terete leafed Dendrobium species (Dockrilla) 401 Australasian Hybrid 108 Other Dendrobium Species 109 Sarcochilus falcatus Floral Art Arrangements 110 Sarcochilus hartmannii 111 Other Sarcochilus Species 501 Shoulder spray of native orchids 112 Other Sarcanthinae Species 502 Restaurant Table centerpiece featuring native 113 Bulbophyllum Species orchids; maximum size 300mm tall x 150mm wide. 114 Cymbidium Species 503 Vase of Native Orchids 115 Other Epiphytic Species 116 Seedling Epiphyte - First flowering 117 Specimen Epiphytic Species

120 Acianthus, Cyrtostylis & Chiloglottis 121 Caladenia 122 Diuris 123 Glossodia 124 Multiflowered Pterostylis Species 125 Other Pterostylis Species 126 Thelymitra 127 Evergreen Terrestrial Species 128 Other Terrestrial Species 129 Seedling Terrestrial - First flowering 130 Specimen Terrestrial Special Conditions on Back of Sheet -

70 SPECIAL CONDITIONS 1. Entries of exhibits are free and open to all Societies and their members. Registrations for the display sections must be arranged' with the Show Marshall before setup day. 2. Setup day will be Friday 19th September 1997 between 2.00 pm and 8.30 pm. in St. Peters Town Hall. Judging will commence at 8.00 am on Saturday 20th September. The Show will open to the general public from 10.00 am on Saturday 20th September. 3. All sections and classes cover Australasian Native Orchids only. Australasian means the Commonwealth of Australia and Territories, New Zealand, Papua New guinea, Fiji, New Caledonia, Irian Jaya, Timor, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. 4. Plants competing for prizes shall have been owned and in the possession of the exhibitor for the preceding six (6) months. This does not apply to ferns and foliage. 5. Nominated plants exhibited in displays will be eligible for prizes in classes 101 - 401. 6. All entries exhibited in classes 101 - 401 are eligible for Champion Prizes. 7. To be eligible for prizes, plants in displays must be nominated to the Show Marshal by 8.30 pm on Friday 19th September, 1997. 8. There is no restriction on the number of separate entries by an exhibitor in any one class or classes. Entries in joint names will be accepted. 9. ANDS Judging Standards apply. Judges decisions shall be final and binding. 10. No prize shall be given if in the opinion of the judges a prize is not warranted. 11. Exhibits must not be removed from the display before the termination of the show, unless exceptional circumstances are involved and then only with the approval of the Show Marshall. 12. NOSSA will not be held responsible for any loss, destruction or damage to plants or other items on display and no exhibitor and/or seller of plants or other items shall have any claim against the Society or Show Officials. 13. Definition of a seedling. The plant exhibited as a seedling must comprise the whole clone being exhibited on the show bench for the first time. Plants which have been grown-on and divided prior to being exhibited on the show bench are not eligible to be shown as seedlings. 14. Australian Dendrobium species* included in: a) Dendrobium section Dendrocoryne are: (adae, aemulum, falcorostrum, fleckeri, jonesii, sp. aff. jonesii (ruppianum), kingianum, gracilicaule macropus), moorii, speciosum complex, tetragonum complex. b) Dendrobium section and Rhizobiumare: bowmanii, calamiforme, cucumerinum, fairfaxii, sp. aff. fairfaxii, (teretifolium complex), linguiforme, lichenastrum, mortii, (tennuissimum), prenticei, pugioniforme, rigidum, racemosum, striolatum, shoeninum(becklerii), torresae, teretifolium and wassellii. (Dockrilla) c) Dendrobium section Monophyllaea are: carrii, monophyllum and schneiderae. d) Dendrobium section Phalaenanthe are: affine and bigibbum. e) Dendrobium section Spatulata are: antennatum, carronii, canaliculatum complex, discolour, johannis, mirbelianum, nindii and trilamellatum. f) Hybrids benched in classes 201-205 may include Monophyllaea in their parentage. 15. The staging of exhibits in all classes shall be entirely under the control and direction of the Show Marshall or his deputy. 16. The Society reserves the exclusive rights to photograph for its own purposes any exhibits in the show. 17. Water must not be used in any display. Early morning misting may be allowed under the authority of the Show Marshall. 18. The Show Marshall or his deputy reserve the right to reject, remove or rearrange any exhibit. 19. Exhibitors may use ferns and/or other foliage to embellish exhibits. Such plants will not be taken into consideration when judging except for decorative effect in display classes. 20. No flowers or fruit other than orchids may be used in any display. 21. When displays are being judged for arrangement and display, recognition will be given to displays which are uncluttered and plants are spaced to best advantage. As a guide approximately 20% of the floor area should be open to allow access by judges. 22. In the Floral Art Classes, Australasian native orchids and plant material must be used in all classes. Any Australasian embellishment may be used. There are no ownership restrictions. 23. Staging must be completed for the Floral Art sections by 10.00 am on Saturday 20th September 1997. 24. Major prizes and trophies will be presented to winners at the monthly meeting on Tuesday 28th October 1997. 25. The Show will close at 4.30 pm on Sunday 21st September 1997 and all plants are to be removed by 6.30 pm.

* It is the policy of NOSSA to neither accept nor reject the proposed name changes discussed in Australian Orchid Research Vol. 1(1989) and Vol. 2 (1991).

71