DOCSLIB.ORG

Journal Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journal Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc JOURNAL of the NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC. PRINT POST APPROVED VOLUME 21 NO. 7 PP 543662 / 00018 AUGUST 1997 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC. PO Box 565, UNLEY SA 5061 The Native Orchid Society of South Australia promotes the conservation of native orchids through cultivation of native orchids, through preservation of naturally-occurring orchid plants and natural habitat. Except with the documented official representation from the Management Committee of the native orchid society of South Australia, no person is authorised to represent the society on any matter. All native orchids are protected plants in the wild. Their collection without written Government permit is illegal. PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: SECRETARY: Mr George Nieuwenhoven Cathy Houston Telephone: 8264 5825 Telephone: 8356 7356 VICE-PRESIDENT: TREASURER: Mr Roy Hargreaves Mrs Iris Freeman COMMITTEE: LIFE MEMBERS: Mr J. Peace Mr R. Hargreaves Mr D. Hirst Mr R. T. Robjohns Mrs T. Bridle Mr L. Nesbitt Mr D. Pettifor Mr D. Wells Mr G Carne Mr J Simmons (deceased) Mr H Goldsack (deceased) EDITORS: Bob Bates & Kerry Jolly REGISTRAR OF JUDGES: 38 Portmarnock Street Fairview Park 5126 Mr L. Nesbitt Telephone: 8251 2443 JOURNAL COST: $1 PER ISSUE The Native Orchid Society of South Australia Inc. while taking all care, take no responsibility for the loss, destruction or damage to any plants whether at benchings, shows, exhibits or on the sales table or for any losses attributed to the use of any material published in this Journal or of action taken on advice or views expressed by any member or invited speaker at any meeting or exhibition. Views and Opinions expressed by authors of articles within this Journal do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Management Committee. COPYRIGHT: The NOSSA Management Committee condones the reprint of any article within this Journal, provided acknowledgement is given to the source and author. ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: $14 FAMILY OR SINGLE. DUE IN MARCH EACH YEAR. 61 NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC AUGUST 1997 Vol. 21. No. 7 JOURNAL AUGUST MEETING Tuesday, August 26th at 8.00 pm: at St Matthews Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Les Nesbitt and others will speak about Planning and Setting up the Spring Show. Doors to the hall will be open at 7.15 pm for those wishing to borrow books from the library or take in items for the trading table. PAGE CONTENTS AUTHOR 61 Diary Dates 62 On The Bench 63 New Pterostylis species in SA 64 Pollination Studies of Caladenia rigida Doug Bickerton 65 Orchids of Halbury Scrub Barbara Bayley 66 Genoplesium Hybrids Thelma Bridle 67 Excursion Report Doug Bickerton 68 In Your Library Geoff Edwards DIARY DATES Aug 24 Conservation Group, Belair Aug 31 Open Day at Roger Herriman's Sep 13 Hardy's Scrub field trip Sep 19 - 21 N.O.S.S.A. Spring Show Sep 29 NEDOS Show North Park Plaza Sep 27 - 28 S.G.A.P. Show & Conference Nov 30 Christmas Barbecue COMMITTEE MEETING To be held at 7.30 pm Monday September 2nd at the home of L & M Nesbitt. 62 ON THE BENCH Terrestrials: Acianthus pusillus, Pterostylis baptistii, P. concinna, P. concinna x P. grandiflora, P. X conglossa, P. cycnocephala, P. curta, P. aff. longifolia (SA), P. aff. longifolia (TAS), P. aff. nana, P. aff. nutans, P. Nodding Grace, P. robusta, P. aff. robusta, P. taurus Epiphytes: Bulbophyllum bowkettiae, B. schillerianum, Dendrobium affine, D. Aussie Kenny, D. Ellen, D. Ellen x Kuringai, D, Elegant Heart x Ellen, D. Elegant Autumn, D. Kuringai, D. lichenastrum, D. Lorikeet, D. Pintarry x Sunglow, D. Rutherford, D. Telekon . A point observed with the two Pterostylis aff. longifolia is that side by side they were clearly different species. Many orchid enthusiasts find it hard to accept that there are many species in the P. longifolia complex until they see them together! Les Burgess gave the commentary on the Terrestrials Noel Oliver gave the commentary on the Epiphytes JUDGING Terrestrial species 1st Pterostylis russelli grown by Jan Burford 2nd Pterostylis curta grown by M. Tiggerman Terrestrial hybrid 1st Pterostylis concinna x grandiflora grown by J. Burford Epiphyte species 1st Dendrobium lichenastrum grown by G. Nieuwenhoven 2nd Bulbophyllum bowkettae grown by A. Jennings Epiphyte hybrid 1st Dendrobium Aussie Kenny grown by G. Nieuwenhoven 2nd Dendrobium Elegant Autumn grown by S & B Meszaros POPULAR VOTE Best Terrestrial: Pterostylis taurus grown by L. Nesbitt Best Epiphytes: Dendrobium Aussie Kenny grown by S & B Meszaros Plant Of The Night: Pterostylis russelli JULY MEETING - SPEAKER Jeff Reid President of SGAP and leader of their conservation group discussed the biology and ecology of mangroves north of Adelaide and of their reintroduction in some areas! Jeff also took us adventuring in The Tothills, a small rugged range of mountains near Blacksprings. 63 SPECIAL VISITOR: Len Field, a NOSSA member since 1984 attended our July meeting. Len who is well known for the work he does to promote orchids hails from New South Wales. NEXT OPEN DAY August 31 at Roger Herriman's 42 Dashwood Road. Beaumont at 1pm. NEXT FIELD TRIP Goldfields Trip this Sat. August 23. Meet at Sandy Creek by the Pub at 10am. We will also visit the Altona sandscrubs. For other trips see last page! POPULAR VOTING This may in future take place before 8pm to avoid meetings going too late. A NEW ORCHID SPECIES FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA In the latest Orchadian (June 1997) the greenhood previously known in South Australia as Pterostylis obtusa or P. aff. alveata has been officially named Pterostylis bryophila D Jones. The name means moss loving and those who attended a recent field trip to see this species will know the name to be appropriate. The species is threatened by loss of habitat, weeds and trampling. The good news is that most of its remaining habitat has just been declared a conservation park as S.A. Water has handed its Myponga Reservoir-Mount Billy land over to DENR without cost. See further report page 66 from Doug Bickerton. OCSA SHOW Set up at Centennial Hall before 7.30. Wed Aug. 27. If you would like to display plants please ring George Nieuwenhoven. ENID ROBERTSON AM (CORRECTION). Last month's article on Enid had a typing error. Enid spent the last 20 years as a botanist specialising in marine algae and seagrasses - not the first 20 years. 64 Pollination Study of the Endangered Orchid Caladenia rigida by Doug Bickerton Part 2: Patch Size Last month's article on this research project was concerned with hand pollination as a management strategy for this orchid. The first conclusion was that hand pollination improved the pollination rate and the amount of seed set, but that tests of seed germination rates should be performed sometime in the future. The other finding was that those flowers which were selfed did not produce significantly less (or more) seed than those which were crossed, and therefore, if cross pollinating a flower proved to be difficult or impractical, then selfing should be recommended. This article considers another question which was explored during the study:- Is there a correlation between patch size and pollination rate? A "patch" of orchids was defined in the following way: if a C. rigida flower was within 5 metres radius of another one, then it was considered to be in the same patch. As mentioned in Part 1, the study comprised of flowers belonging to one of three treatments :- H group (flowers cross pollinated by hand); S group (flowers self pollinated by hand); and N group (the control group). For this particular test on patch size, only flowers in the control group were considered. When a control group flower showed signs of having been successfully pollinated, notes were made of the number of C. rigida flowers in the patch. The data were then analysed to find the pollination rate of various patch sizes. RESULTS - The correlation between patch size and pollination rate was found to be very significant (the probability of such a correlation occurring by coincidence is less than 0.1%). The results are summarised in Table 3, which shows that flowers from a patch of 10 or less had a success rate of less than 30%, whilst flowers from a patch of 16 or more had a success rate of almost 60%. Total Patch Size Fruit Swell No Swell 1-10 18 43 11-15 7 9 16 - 40 17 12 Table 3 - The pollination rate of C. rigida according to patch size. (nb It should be remembered that some flowers in a patch were hand pollinated, and could not be included in this test. This explains why the number of flowers in the two larger patch size categories is not as high as one would expect.) Such a strong positive correlation between patch size and pollination rate suggests that larger patches offer more attraction to pollinators than smaller ones. This has important implications for the management of C. rigida, namely that if the task of hand pollination was limited by time or the number of volunteers, it would not be necessary to hand pollinate flowers from a patch of 16 or more. The flowers that would most benefit from hand pollination are those from a patch of ten or less. Of these, most should be cross pollinated, and as already mentioned in Part 1, the more isolated flowers could be self pollinated. Part 3 discusses insect pollinators of C. rigida, including a first time ever discovery (Excerpts from the author 's Post-Grad Dip. research paper, completed Feb. 1997.) GRAMPIANS FIELDTRIP by David Pettifor I will be going on a 'field trip' to the Grampians for the weekend of November 1-3rd this year.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nzbotsoc No 107 March 2012
    NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 107 March 2012 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Anthony Wright Secretary/Treasurer: Ewen Cameron Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8013 Subscriptions The 2012 ordinary and institutional subscriptions are $25 (reduced to $18 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 2012 student subscription, available to full-time students, is $12 (reduced to $9 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $7.00 each. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28 February each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next years subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the June 2012 issue is 25 May 2012. Please post contributions to: Lara Shepherd Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467 Wellington Send email contributions to [email protected]. Files are preferably in MS Word, as an open text document (Open Office document with suffix “.odt”) or saved as RTF or ASCII. Macintosh files can also be accepted. Graphics can be sent as TIF JPG, or BMP files; please do not embed images into documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Seed Morphology of Tropical and Temperate Orchid Species with Different Growth Habits
    plants Article Comparative Seed Morphology of Tropical and Temperate Orchid Species with Different Growth Habits Surya Diantina 1,2,*, Craig McGill 1, James Millner 1, Jayanthi Nadarajan 3 , Hugh W. Pritchard 4 and Andrea Clavijo McCormick 1 1 School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Tennent Drive, 4410 Palmerston North, New Zealand; [email protected] (C.M.); [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (A.C.M.) 2 Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Jl. Ragunan 29, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12540, Indonesia 3 The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand; [email protected] 4 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 5 December 2019; Accepted: 17 January 2020; Published: 29 January 2020 Abstract: Seed morphology underpins many critical biological and ecological processes, such as seed dormancy and germination, dispersal, and persistence. It is also a valuable taxonomic trait that can provide information about plant evolution and adaptations to different ecological niches. This study characterised and compared various seed morphological traits, i.e., seed and pod shape, seed colour and size, embryo size, and air volume for six orchid species; and explored whether taxonomy, biogeographical origin, or growth habit are important determinants of seed morphology. We investigated this on two tropical epiphytic orchid species from Indonesia (Dendrobium strebloceras and D.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened and Uncommon Plants of New Zealand
    Newde Lange Zealand et al.—ThreatenedJournal of Botany, and 2004, uncommon Vol. 42: 45–76 plants of NZ 45 0028–825X/04/4201–0045 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2004 Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand P. J. de LANGE P. N. JOHNSON Science & Research Unit Landcare Research Department of Conservation Private Bag 1930 Private Bag 68908 Dunedin, New Zealand Newton R. HITCHMOUGH Auckland, New Zealand Biodiversity Recovery Unit D. A. NORTON P.O. Box 10 420 Conservation Research Group Wellington, New Zealand School of Forestry University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Abstract A reappraisal of the conservation status Christchurch, New Zealand of the indigenous New Zealand vascular plant flora P. B. HEENAN is presented. The list comprises 792 taxa (34% of Landcare Research New Zealand’s total indigenous vascular flora) in the P. O. Box 69 following categories: Extinct 4 taxa, Acutely Threat- Lincoln 8152, New Zealand ened 122 taxa (comprising 47 taxa Nationally Criti- cal, 54 Nationally Endangered, 21 Nationally S. P. COURTNEY Vulnerable), Chronically Threatened 96 taxa (com- Department of Conservation prising Serious Decline 26 taxa, Gradual Decline 70 Nelson/Marlborough Conservancy taxa), At Risk 499 taxa (comprising Sparse 126 taxa, Private Bag Range Restricted 373 taxa), Non-resident Native 26 Nelson, New Zealand taxa (comprising Vagrant 16 taxa, Colonist 10 taxa), B. P. J. MOLLOY and Data Deficient 45 taxa. A further 208 plants are listed as Taxonomically Indeterminate, being those Research Associate which might warrant further conservation attention Landcare Research once their taxonomic status is clarified. A further 31 P. O. Box 69 named taxa and 18 rated as Taxonomically Indeter- Lincoln 1852, New Zealand minate, and previously considered to be threatened C.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Extinction of Mutualistic Species – an Analysis of Ornithophilous Angiosperms in New Zealand
    DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CO-EXTINCTION OF MUTUALISTIC SPECIES An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand Sandra Palmqvist Degree project for Master of Science (120 hec) with a major in Environmental Science ES2500 Examination Course in Environmental Science, 30 hec Second cycle Semester/year: Spring 2021 Supervisor: Søren Faurby - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences Examiner: Johan Uddling - Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences “Tui. Adult feeding on flax nectar, showing pollen rubbing onto forehead. Dunedin, December 2008. Image © Craig McKenzie by Craig McKenzie.” http://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/1200543Tui2.jpg Table of Contents Abstract: Co-extinction of mutualistic species – An analysis of ornithophilous angiosperms in New Zealand ..................................................................................................... 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Samutrotning av mutualistiska arter – En analys av fågelpollinerade angiospermer i New Zealand ................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 5 2. Material and methods ............................................................................................................... 7 2.1 List of plant species, flower colours and conservation status ....................................... 7 2.1.1 Flower Colours .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Orchids of the Wellington District
    Orchids of the Wellington District A. P. DRUCE The hills around Wellington have at the present time one of the richest orchid floras in New Zealand. Only the Auckland district surpasses Wellington. Yet few people are aware of this and fewer still have searched closely for these fascinating plants. It is not surprising therefore that several of the orchids growing about Wellington have remained unrecorded for a long time. Altogether forty-two orchid species and varieties are now known from this district. For the purpose of this article the Wellington district is taken to include all the Rimutakas, all the western hills and to extend up to the tops of the Tararua Mountains. Very few orchids are found on the western hills (i.e., the hills to the west of the Hutt Valley and Wellington Harbour) from Cook Strait north to about Haywards. Mixed bush clothed these hills originally—beech was absent. The soils differ from those across the harbour and second-growth is more often tauhinu than manuka. In some way or other the conditions are not right for most of the orchids. Over the rest of the district however, wherever manuka holds sway there are large numbers of orchids of many species. On Mrs. Prasophyllum colensoi (left), Adenochilus gracilis (centre) and Microtis unifolia (right). 4 h Pterostylis nana (left) and Pterostylis barbata (right). Samson's section at Pinehaven for instance over twenty species may be found and a sample area nearby showed that at least 10,000 indi- vidual orchids grow per acre in that locality. There cannot have been anything like these numbers a century ago for most of the manuka land was in bush and the orchids of the bush, besides being different, are comparatively few in number.
    [Show full text]
  • Pterostylis Banksii
    Pterostylis banksii COMMON NAME Tutukiwi, Greenhood SYNONYMS Pterostylis emarginata Colenso, Pterostylis macrophylla A.Cunn. ex Hook.f. nom. illegit. FAMILY Orchidaceae AUTHORITY Pterostylis banksii A.Cunn. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes Pterostylis banksii. Photographer: DoC ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Orchids NVS CODE PTEBAN CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 44 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened Franz Josef. Dec 1981. Photographer: Jeremy DISTRIBUTION Rolfe Endemic. North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands HABITAT Coastal to montane (up to 800 m a.s.l.). In indigenous or exotic forests and shrubland. FEATURES Terrestrial, tuberous, glabrous, spring to summer-green perennial herb, forming dense colonies of numerous plants through vegetative extension. Plant at flowering 100-680 mm tall. Stem stiffly erect, smooth, dark green to reddish green, internodes shorter than leaves throughout. Leaves 4-6, sessile, stiffly erect to curved and more or less drooping, dark green to yellow green with entire margins; in sterile plants lamina of similar size, oblong-elliptic to broadly lanceolate; in flowering plants lamina changing in size from base to top of stem; lamina of largest leaves 50-250 x 10-20 mm, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, keeled, often with 2 laterals on either side of midrib, apex acuminate to long acuminate, base wider than rest of lamina broadening into a long sheathing base; mostly overtopping flower. Flower 1(-2), erect, front mostly green finely striped with white, stripes of white widening toward back of galea with green narrowing, back of galea sometimes completely white. Ovary erect.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Status of New Zealand Indigenous Vascular Plants, 2012
    NEW ZEALAND THREAT CLASSIFICATION SERIES 3 Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2012 Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, Paul D. Champion, Shannel P. Courtney, Peter B. Heenan, John W. Barkla, Ewen K. Cameron, David A. Norton and Rodney A. Hitchmough Cover: The Nationally Critical shrub Pittosporum serpentinum from the Surville Cliffs is severely affected by possums, and no seedlings have been found during recent surveys. Photo: Jeremy Rolfe. New Zealand Threat Classification Series is a scientific monograph series presenting publications related to the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). Most will be lists providing NZTCS status of members of a plant or animal group (e.g. algae, birds, spiders). There are currently 23 groups, each assessed once every 3 years. After each 3-year cycle there will be a report analysing and summarising trends across all groups for that listing cycle. From time to time the manual that defines the categories, criteria and process for the NZTCS will be reviewed. Publications in this series are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. This report is available from the departmental website in pdf form. Titles are listed in our catalogue on the website, refer www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science & technical. © Copyright August 2013, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 2324–1713 (web PDF) ISBN 978–0–478–14995–1 (web PDF) This report was prepared for publication by the Publishing Team; editing by Amanda Todd and layout by Lynette Clelland. Publication was approved by the Deputy Director-General, Science and Capability Group, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • Wellington Botanical Society Newsletter
    NEWSLETTER December 2016 Previous issue: September 2016 ISSN 1171-9982 From the President Articles for web site The past few weeks have seen many of us gain a new appreciation (and fear!) We welcome articles for of our tectonically active country. Not surprisingly, reports of the earthquake’s consideration for inclusion on impacts on our ecosystems have focused on animals. What about the plants? our web site: Past research has shown that tree deaths may occur immediately as a result of www.wellingtonbotsoc.org.nz shaking or landslides, and that some of the trees that survive the initial ‘quake Please send your article to: die in subsequent years. However, it is not all bad news – tree-ring cores have Richard Herbert shown that many of the plants that do survive show boosted growth from e-mail [email protected] increased availability of light and nutrients, and the new habitats created offer opportunities for regeneration. This research shows that major earthquakes are an important factor in driving forest dynamics in tectonically active regions. Writing for the Bulletin As the year comes to an end, I’d like to thank all our speakers, trip leaders and Do you have a botanical observation, the committee for their efforts. anecdote, or insight that you could Lara Shepherd, President share with others in BotSoc? If so, please consider contributing it to the Subscriptions Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin. There is still plenty of space in the next For those members who have not already paid their subscription, invoices are issue. For more details and assistance, included with this newsletter, or will be e-mailed.
    [Show full text]
  • Nzbotsoc No 72 June 2003
    NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 72 JUNE 2003 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Anthony Wright Secretary/Treasurer: Doug Rogan Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8001 Subscriptions The 2003 ordinary and institutional subscriptions are $18 (reduced to $15 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 2003 student subscription, available to full-time students, is $9 (reduced to $7 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 46 (December 1996), $3.00 each from Number 47 (March 1997) to Number 50 (December 1997), and $3.75 each from Number 51 (March 1998) onwards. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28th February each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next years subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the September 2003 issue (73) is 25 August 2003. Please post contributions to: Joy Talbot 17 Ford Road Christchurch 8002 Send email contributions to [email protected] Files are preferably in MS Word (Word XP or earlier) or saved as RTF or ASCII.
    [Show full text]
  • Pterostylis Cardiostigma
    Pterostylis cardiostigma SYNONYMS None (first described in 1983) FAMILY Orchidaceae AUTHORITY Pterostylis cardiostigma D.Cooper FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Orchids NVS CODE PTECAR CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 44 Eastbourne. Nov 1983. Photographer: Jeremy CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS Rolfe 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened DISTRIBUTION Endemic. North and South Islands. HABITAT Coastal to montane. In indigenous or exotic forests and shrubland. Found in similar habitats to that frequented by P. banksii (with which it often grows). This species usually occurs as single plants or as widely spaced colonies of 4-6 plants. Pterostylis cardiostigma. Photographer: DoC FEATURES Stout, terrestrial, tuberous, leafy, spring to summer-green perennial herb. Tuber usually 1(-2), heart-shaped supporting 4-5 thick lateral roots. Plant at flowering up to 400 mm tall. Stem stout, thick, dark green or pinkish- green, basal portion covered by 3-4 pink to carmine sheathing bracts; internodes short. Leaves all cauline, 5-7, sessile, usually strictly upright, uppermost overtopping galea; lamina 80-280 x 10-20 mm, dark green, linear- lanceolate, acuminate; midrib prominent, red, slightly to deeply grooved above, 2(-3) lateral yellow veins present either side, keel prominent, usually red. Flowers solitary, mostly green finely striped with white, apices usually pinkish or red, erect, tall and very narrow. Dorsal sepal up to 70 mm long, vertical in lower half, upper half steeply inclined rarely horizontal, apex acuminate, dark red. Lateral sepals overtopping galea, narrowly spreading, with long filiform, red caudae. Petals 60-65 mm long, marginal strip long and exposed, apices red; galea width at petal apex 6 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Endemic Floral Species List a Species Guide to Use for Restorative Planting Foxton Ecological District Version
    Kāpiti District Endemic Floral Species List A species guide to use for Restorative Planting Foxton Ecological District Version Compiled by Environmental Restoration Officer, Matt Ward 3rd April 2012 Photo’s Matt Ward 2009 & 2010 2 Kāpiti Endemic Floral Species List Matt Ward – Environmental Restoration Officer Kāpiti Coast District Council 2009-2012 This list is compiled of all the known historical and contemporaneously documented floral species observed in any part of the area known presently as the Kāpiti District. The district is comprised of five Ecological Districts, the Foxton Ecological District is the largest represented and therefore, all available known botanical lists from it including those outside the Kāpiti District have been used to contribute to this compilation. I would like to think there are many more species to add! 3 INTRODUCTION The introduction and explanation of the reasoning behind the format of this list is aimed at making the restoration planner/planter aware of the factors which will make a project respectful to its surroundings and successful in the long term. The italicized headings which follow, start at the macro scale and head down in size so that informed decisions on species that will thrive may be made. This list has been compiled from botanical survey data undertaken by competent and/or respected botanists from contemporary and historical times (see reference list). If the referenced list contained an imprecise description of a plant species for example “oxalis sp.”, the entry was excluded from the list. This list uses the most up-to-date Latin nomenclature in use, this may therefore not appear in original botanical lists used, prompting the historical used name to “See” the new name.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Endophytic Fungi of NZ Terrestrial Orchids: Developing Methods for Conservation
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ResearchArchive at Victoria University of Wellington The effects of endophytic fungi of NZ terrestrial orchids: developing methods for conservation By Jonathan Frericks A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters in Ecology and Biodiversity Te Whare Wānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika a Māui November 2014 II Abstract Nearly 40% of New Zealand (NZ) orchid species are of conservation concern, some critically endangered, largely due to habitat loss. In NZ, there are currently no propagation programs for terrestrial orchids all of which rely on symbiotic fungi to provide the nutrients required for germination, and little is known about the specific fungal species that might make this possible. To develop an understanding of the fungal interactions affecting recruitment in the field, a survey of endophytic fungal diversity from the roots of Chiloglottis valida, Microtis unifolia, Pterostylis banksii, Spiranthes novae-zelandiae and Thelymitra longifolia was carried out. The identification of fungi was assisted by obtaining sequences of the ITS rDNA gene marker. Seeds of M. unifolia, P. banksii, S. novae-zelandiae and T. longifolia were inoculated with cultured endophytes that were recovered from the roots of conspecific orchids, and their effect on seed germination evaluated. Seed viability using fluorescein diacetate was assayed on all species prior to all experiments and showed moderate to high viability scores for all species. Recovered endophytes belonged to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. The effect of the different endophytes on seed germination was variable, with five inoculants exhibiting a positive response.
    [Show full text]