Evangelization and Cultural Conflict in Colonial Mexico Evangelization and Cultural Conflict in Colonial Mexico Edited by Robert H. Jackson Evangelization and Cultural Conflict in Colonial Mexico Edited by Robert H. Jackson This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Robert H. Jackson and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5696-7, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5696-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Maps and Figures .......................................................................... vii Maps ......................................................................................................... xii Introduction ............................................................................................ xvii Chapter One ................................................................................................ 1 The Miracle of the Virgin of the Rosary Mural at Tetela del Volcán (Morelos): Conversion, the Baptismal Controversy, a Dominican Critique of the Franciscans, and the Culture Wars in Sixteenth Century Central Mexico Robert H. Jackson Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 30 El Horizonte Escatológico de la Evangelización Franciscana en el Nuevo Mundo, Siglo XVI Miguel Ángel Segundo Guzmán Chapter Three ........................................................................................... 58 Representaciones Pictóricas del Juicio Final en Nueva España: Un Ejemplo en Santa Cruz el Alto, Puebla, México Francisco Manzano Delgado and Consuelo García Ponce Chapter Four ............................................................................................. 87 Maldad y Prohibición: Dos Percepciones en las Danzas Rituales de Principios de la Colonia Margarita Orozco Trejo Chapter Five ............................................................................................. 97 Los Franciscanos y la Evangelización de la Nueva España en el Siglo XVI: Las Contribuciones Franciscanas a la Dominación Socio-Religiosa Gabriel Márquez Ramírez vi Table of Contents Chapter Six ............................................................................................. 120 Del Balché al Vino de Consagrar: Los Indios Mayas Como Colaboradores de los Frailes en la Evangelización de la Provincia de Yucatán Ángela M. Fernández Pérez Chapter Seven ......................................................................................... 133 “Previniendo Error en la Propagación de la Fe”: The Nascence of Book Censorship in Mexico Albert A. Palacios Chapter Eight .......................................................................................... 158 La Domesticación del Cristianismo en la Sierra Gorda, Nueva España, Siglo XVIII Gerardo Lara Cisneros Chapter Nine ........................................................................................... 195 After the Reconquest: The State of the New Mexico Missions Mariah Wade Chapter Ten ............................................................................................ 214 Hegemony and Mission Practices in Colonial New Spain Eric A. Schroeder Chapter Eleven ....................................................................................... 229 “Dios no Manda eso”: Indigenous Community and Leadership in the Assassination of Padre Quintana in Santa Cruz, 1812 Martin Rizzo About the Contributors ........................................................................... 262 LIST OF MAPS AND FIGURES Maps Map 1: Central Mexico from a 1656 French map..................................... xii Map 2: Oaxaca from a 1656 French map. ............................................... xiii Map 3: The Yucatán from a 1656 French map. ........................................ xiv Map 4: The Northwestern Frontier of colonial Mexico from a 1769 map.xv Map 5: The Northeastern Frontier of colonial Mexico from a 1769 map.xvi Mapa 8-1: La Sierra Gorda y el seno mexicano en un mapa del siglo XVIII. .......................................................................................................... 164 Mapa 8-2: La Sierra Gorda. .................................................................... 166 Mapa 8-3: Poblaciones indígenas de la Sierra Gorda. ............................ 168 Mapa 8-4: La Sierra Gorda ubicado en Mesoamerica. ........................... 170 Mapa 8-5: Misiones de la Sierra Gorda. ................................................. 172 Figures Figure 1: An embedded pre-Hispanic stone located on the façade of the Franciscan church at Tzintzuntzan (Michoacán). ...................... xi Figure 2: The “Twelve Apostles” from a mural at San Miguel Huejotzingo (Puebla). ........................................................................................... xviii Figure 3: Detail of the Malinalco vault mural showing a speech and song glyph. ................................................................................................. xix Figure 4: Mural in the Tecpan at Metztitlán (Hidalgo) that depicts an eagle grasping a scorpion. ............................................................................ xx Figure 5: The Tecpan at Tlayacapan (Morelos) showing embedded pre-Hispanic stones on the façade. ..................................................... xxi Figure 6: Embedded stones along the upper façade of the tecpan. ........ xxiii Figure 7: A chalchihuitl stone on the upper façade of the tecpan at Tlayacapan. .................................................................................. xxiv Figure 1-1: The church and convent San Juan Bautista Tetela del Volcán (Morelos). ............................................................................................. 1 Figure 1-2: Illustration from the 1778 Crónica de Michoacán depicting the process of catechism and baptism. .................................................. 2 Figure 1-3: Panel from the Doctrina Cristiana regarding death and salvation through conversion. ........................................................ 4 viii List of Maps and Figures Figure 1-4: Santa María Magdalena Tepetlaóxtoc, built on top of a temple platform. ................................................................................................ 5 Figure 1-5: Section of the surviving mural from San Juan Bautista Tetela del Volcán that depicts the miracle of the Virgin of the Rosary. ........... 6 Figure 1-6: Another section of the Tetela del Volcán mural program that depicts a demon claiming a condemned man. ................................ 7 Figure 1-7: A mural in the lower cloister of Nuestra Señora de la Natividad Tepoztlán (Morelos) that depicts a group of Dominicans. .................... 8 Figure 1-8: Mural in the portería of Santo Domingo de Guzmán Tlaquiltenango. ..................................................................................... 9 Figure 1-9: Ruins of the Augustinian convent at Ocuila (Estado de México). .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 1-10: The mural of red Tláloc from the Tepantitla palace complex at Teotihuacan (Estado de México). .................................................... 17 Figure 1-11: An embedded stone with the face of Tláloc found at the rear of the Franciscan church Santiago Tlatelolco. .................................... 17 Figure 1-12: The Franciscan convent San Miguel Arcángel Maní, site of the 1562 Auto de Fé. ....................................................................... 19 Figure 1-13: The Dominican Convent Santo Domingo Yanhuitlan built on a pre-Hispanic temple platform. ..................................................... 20 Figure 1-14: The rain deity Dzahui........................................................... 21 Figure 1-15: San Luis Obispo Tlalmanalco (Edo de México). ................. 23 Figure 1-16: Three embedded stones in the bell tower of the church at Tlalmanalco that constitute a sight line to a nearby extinct volcano known locally as the “Hill of the Stone”. ............................................ 24 Figure 1-17: An embedded stone (a chalchihuitl or symbol of water) on the lateral wall of the church at Tlalmanalco. ................................ 25 Figure 1-18: Embedded stone on the exterior façade of the cloister at Amecameca. .................................................................................... 26 Figure 1-19: Detail of column in the cloister at Amecameca depicting a flower associated with the cult of Tláloc. ......................................... 27 Figura 2-1. Los jinetes anuncian el final. .................................................. 35 Figura 2-2. La mujer vestida de sol. ......................................................... 44 Figura 2-3. La gran conversión. ................................................................ 46 Figura 2-4. El demonio encadenado por mil años. ................................... 51 Figura 2-5. La nueva Jerusalén. ................................................................ 55 Figura 3-1: Juicio Final (detalle). Pintura mural. Siglo XVI. Convento de San Nicolás