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NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 I NEWS/CHECK REPORTING ON AFRICA Vol .•; No 9 4 November 1966 lOfh Floor Unitas Building 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg Southafrica PO Box 25252 Phone 838-1541 EDITOR Otto Krause ASSISTANT EDITOR Robert Hodgins STAFFWRITERS Dan Ardrey Robin Briggs Jeffrey Lever Ronald Scott Nicolas Stathakis David Thomas Peter Wilhelm CAPETOWN OFFICE NAMAQUAL.'iND BACKYARD Garth Tomkinson (Tel 41-2976) Tlicrc is a happy land, fur, far away EDITORIAL RESEARCHER ILGRIM In an ancient land.Vast, dry and — some say — wealthy, the western Sue Michel P section of the Cape that stretches inland from the Atlantic and the cold CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Gorry Bagnall Benguella current has been occupied by whites longer than most parts of the Roy Barnard Pip Berlyn sub-continent. Yet lime and di.stance have cut it off from the Southafrica of Denise Bernstein gold mines and Cinerama, almost fossilising some archetypical customs, attitudes Joanna Booth Tony Manne and people, NKVVS/CHECK'S staffwriter in Capetown, Garth Tomkinson, took a Glenn Taylor Madeleine van Biljon sentimental journey through this other Southafrica and writes about it in Tony Williams-Short (OVERSTORY. BUSINESS MANAGER Theo Streicher Over the hill. Perhaps becau.se they are closest to Southafrica's pulse, men PRODUCTION ADVERTISING from industry seem to know best and most confidently where Southafrica is Isobel Gowie Helen Hardy going. From that field have come visionaries like Hendrik van der Bijl and Sir CAPETOWN ADVERTISING Ernest Oppenheimer. Today Hendrik van Eck is such a man. For a taste of his REPRESENTATIVE clear-cut ideas, see OI)TI,OOK. Charles Cameron-Strange (Box 4511 — Tel 41-1508) A crack in the china. With the growth of central .lohannesburg, it has shrunk Published by Checkpress (Ptyl Ltd at 42 Marshall Street Johannesburg to hardly a score of small blocks. Once, back in the 1880s, this area practically Printed by Dogbreek IN i Gl 2!) was Johannesburg. But Ferreirastown now is falling under the hammers of Height Street Doornfontein Johan­ nesburg the demolition squads, and only tenacious groups of Indians and Chinese keep Distributed by Central News Agency it alive. Ferreira himself would not have liked to read the story in SOUTH­ Ltd corner Commissioner and Rissik Streets Johannesburg AFRICA. Registered at the GPO as a newspaper The new fillers. Africans are frequently written down as farmers; but too YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION RATES often it is merely their traditional system of land tenure and lack of training Southafrica, SWA, British Pro­ tectorates and Mozambigue: R5.20 which is to blame. Rhodesia is one country where the myth of the "bad black (surface mail), R7.50 lairmail). farmer" is being dispelled, and BUSINESS tells more. Rhodesia, Malawi and Zambia; £3.4.0 (airfreightl, £9.0.0 (air­ mail). Murder most glorious. Terrorised for years by the Matabele, the Shona tribes Britain: £3.4.0 Isurface mail), of Rhodesia were suspicious of strangers dLiring the late 19th century. This £5.10.0 (airfreight), £9.0.0 (air­ mail). suspicion was directed as well to black Christian missionaries, one of whom, United States: $9 Isurface mail), Bernard Mizeki, was among the fir.st victims of the revolt of 1896. Yet today $29.50 (airfreight), $40 (airmail), Bernard is venerated as a saint. His story is told in RELIGION. Australia: $A8 (surface mail), $A39 lairmaill. Rigged up. After weeks of speculative news about possible oil strikes in New Zealand: £3.4.0 (surface Southafrica, there is as yet no proven oilfield. The hunt is still on. And now moil), £16.0.0 (airmaill. the search is being extended to the offshore areas. For more about oil, turn Rates for other countries available on application. to MINING & FINANCE.

COVERSTORY: NAMAQUALAND: PIONEERS IN THE SUN — P 24 Africa 12 Focus on Religion 40 Robert Gardiner 19 Books 42 Science 31 Letters 44 Contents Business 20 Southafrica 7 Living 32 Guide Education 35 Mining & Finance 23 Sport 38 Enfertuinnient 36 Outlook 29 World/Ciieck 15

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SWA: LAND IN DISPUTE. LEFT, OVAMBO CHIEF AND WIVES; CENTKE, (l\AMIiO KRAAL. RK HT, ETOSHA PAN The possible vs ilic feasible

affect the people and the land they SOUTHAFRICA" —- were discussing, the delegates pressed THE PRESIDENCY africa's strongest-ever delegation to (5n. The General Assembly only paused to hear Muller say: "We have Who is to be second? the UN, the Republic's HilgaVd Muller flew to New York to put his country's appealed for a reconsideration of basic With Charles Swart known to be think­ case. He did so in the face of mount­ facts. We have emphasised what a ing of retiring to his farm De Aap in ing opposition to Southafrica. By the large measure of agreement exists on the near future, the State Presidency time of Muller's arrival, the US, in matters of principle and objectives — in the past few weeks has become an the words of American L'N Ambas­ agreement in fact, as opposed to mis­ office open to contenders. Most men­ sador Arthur Goldberg, had agreed conceptions and misrepresentations — tioned previously was the Minister of that Southafrica had "forfeited the and that the real problems are con­ Education, Arts and Science and of right 10 administer the mandate over cerned with method and practical Information, Senator Jan de Klerk, SWA". That the Assembly should at application." although he was not an automatic least agree that Southafrica should lose Standard gesture. The fruitlessness choice. This week in East London its mandate had been the minimum de­ of Southafrican arguments in the another possible candidate appeared mand of Afro-Asians — the long pause General Assembly was being closely in the lists. Minister of Finance Eben was over how this was to be done. followed in the Republic, and last Donges announced to the 51st Con­ Crisis of expectations. By last week week Prime Minister John Vorster gress of the Cape Nationalists that he it was evident that any resolution on made his first major pronouncement was resigning the provincial leadership SWA that condemned the Southafrican on the UN at the NP Congress in the after 13 years in that position. "My administration would have overwhelm­ OFS: Soulhafrica would have to re­ heart," said Donges as he made the ing support — but it was also clear consider its position thoroughly if announcement, "will always belong to the Nationalist Party of the Cape Province.'" In laying down the leader­ ship of the Cape NP — but not his Cabinet post — Donges made the first open move towards the Presidency since his name has been mooted as a possible ,succes.sor to Swart. (P. W. Botha was elected in place of Donges as Cape leader.) With the NP caucus meeting in just over a week, it seemed likely that the choice lay between Donges and de Klerk.

TOUGH SPOT MINISTER MULLER; LEFT. WITH USS RUSK; RIGHT BACK FROM SOUTH WEST AFRICA NEW YORK, WITH FOREIGN AFFAIRS' BRAND FOURIE Raising the flag without a pole Mo-oiic so deaf .. . .lust after the judgment on the South that a few delegates were prepared to "certain people" refused even to listen West Africa issue by the World Court, make qualifications. Joining the to Southafrica's case. Afro-Asian nations warned that the Americans, Britain's chief delegate. The final vote in the General case was far from clo.sed. Over the Lord Caradon, pleaded that the UN Assembly, however, hinged more on past two months they have lived up should at least consider the realities what attitude the US would take. By to their word, forcing debate after of the situation. "In my own experi­ midweek Goldberg was still attempt­ debate over SWA in the UN General ence," .said Caradon, "I have learnt ing to formulate amendments to the Assembly. A final vote on the ques­ that the most serious sin in public resolution demanded by Afro-Asian tion was hoped for nearly a month life is to lead ordinary people to delegates. Then, in a sudden switch, ago; then disagreement between West­ believe that something is possible, that he capitulated to majority demands, ern, Latin American and Afro-Asian .something is going to happen, when it The final vote, so long held off, was delegates postponed the vote again is not." counted late last week. With two and again. But whether or not something was votes against, three abstentions and Three weeks ago. heading Soulh- going to happen that would materially two delegations absent (Lesotho and

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 Botswana) the General Assembly within the whole. We don't believe passed a resolution with 114 votes in that it is necessary to give independ­ favour that Southafrica's mandate ence to such places as the Transkei over SWA was forfeited and the when staying together in a federation territory was henceforth to be a UN will work. responsibility. The Assembly agreed Concretely, liow would you say that a 14-man committee should such a federation would work? report on ways and means of UN Well now, over 50% of the world's administration of the territory — the population live under federal govern­ report to be finished by April 1967. ments. When I came into parliament Judging justice. For Muller it was in the late Forties, I can say that the the end of his New York stay, and he representation of South West Africa flew back to the Republic to go was approached on a federal basis. straight into Cabinet with Vorster and Prime Minister Malan came along and eleven other Ministers, while the rest asked us to work out an agreement, of the Southafrican delegation watched and for a week we talked. Then we further moves in New York. This FEDERALIST BASSOX asked for eight representatives — based week the Afro-Asian delegates looked on the total population of South West, like achieving another of their dubious Well now,... on its strategic value, economic poten­ objectives — remoulding the World Is the Party settling down under his tial and on its .size. Malan finally Court with judges more amenable to leadership? Or is he, as some have their outlook. But in essence the SWA came round to our semi-federal thought, still the too-approachable approach, and agreed that we should question is now squarely a political politician whom most of the parlia­ one. With the UN report on SWA's have six representatives. Since there "takeover" due only next year, there mentary party address simply as were only 20,000 voters, it meant that was time to breathe. And, quite pos­ ".John"? other factors had been taken into sibly, Southafrica it.self would not be Party time. It is a time too for account — as they would be in any waiting until April. party congresses and the consensus- future federal plans in Southafrica. making that goes into policy decisions, Do you think federal plans could for the all-important problem of how he put across to the electorate? POLITICS the Party, united and serene, should Yes, I've found the voter very in­ Yhe Front Bench has two sides present its rouged and mud-packed telligent on such issues. Seen as a Away from the abstractions of parlia­ face to the electorate. The to-ings and whole, federalism will ensure a system mentary reporting and the public plat­ fro-ings in the NP have had their of what might be called co-operation form, the feel of Southafrican politics counterpart in the UP, where speeches without domination, in which the has a certain homeliness and famili­ by the Party's leaders and the occa­ future of each cultural group, never arity. MPs have their private and not sional story have indicated that within mind the skin, is safeguarded. I'm so private worries, which none of the UP something is up. Besides Sir sure that even Dr Verwoerd would them can escape if they want to hold de Villiers Graaff and Marais Steyn, have had to introduce some federal their constituency bases. This week UP Frontbencher Japie Basson made elements into his "Commonwealth" Helen Suzman reported back to her a major speech on his party's new vision. Houghton supporters — significant in federal ideas during the last days of What is your own view on the de­ the ses.sion, one that set all sides pon­ velopment of the reserves? dering. In Johannesburg last week, Of course we are not a socialist NEWS/CHECK quizzed Basson, and he .state, and we do not believe that state took time out to think aloud about initiative for development will ever UP policy; be adequate. In fact, free capital, in­ In what way do your Party's cluding white enterprise, mu.st be federal policies really differ from the allowed into the reserves. At the f' government's separate development moment a man like Anton Rupert is concept? going to help Lesotho but can't offer 4 ^-"^.i^ Our policy of federalism is far dif­ his services to the same extent in the ferent from the government's parti­ Transkei. In my opinion the reason tionist policies. We believe in working why the government won't allow free from what i.s, what exists, not from capital into the Transkei is that the an absolute doctrine. Whatever the government doe.sn't want to see a non- ••JAPIE SE FEDERASIE" AS SEEN BV DIE government says, you can't tell me apartheid state succeed. VADERLAND'S IVANOFF that separate development is really What about Coloureds falling into Abstract and artful working at the moment. We think the UP's federal system — and the enthusiasm but marginal in numbers. that we should take account of South­ support the Progs were receiving from Cas Greyling has had to look to his africa's whole historical past, the way Coloured voters? miners in Carletonville; Jaap Marais things have worked to create, say, a They were a real threat. But my has had to .see just how his voters in Transkei — which was there long own view is that when the issue is his Pretoria constituency of Innesdale before the NP — or a Western Cape, really faced, the UP will come forward are digesting the adumbrations of the and take it from there. Federalism so well that the Progs will no longer Hertzog affair, if it can be called that. means the acceptance of regional collect great support. I believe in For the more exalted, for men such as groupings — it also means areas wUl Coloured representation in parliament, Prime Minister John Vorster, there get repre,sentation in parliament to by Coloureds, because they themselves are the less open nuances of politics. the extent that they arc self-governing can best express their own needs.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 TRANSKEI house of Tembu Paramount Chief politan, a character it retains .some­ Mtirara, who died in 1850. what seedily today. Part of the city's Kaiser Paramount So old and new are coming together Chinese population form the top The Transkei is governed as much in the Transkei. In earlier times the rung, with their three clubs (the by hoary tradition and custom as by impis would have been called out; Cantonese, the United and the Re­ the new constitution which parlia­ form); second come the Indians hold­ ment gave it in 1961. To some it ing land. At the bottom of the social seems vital to marry the two, and ladder, a steep descent from the com- soon a tribal gathering will be held in finess of Chinatown, are Ferreiras- the Transkei's St Mark's district to lown's scattered black migrants, once signify that this has been done. The the servants of Coloured families. get-together will celebrate Chief Only one large firm, Fisons, has Minister Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzi- moved its headquarters across West ma's appointment as Paramount Street, the dividing line at the edge Chief of the Emigrant Tembus who of downtown Johannesburg, and the live in the western Transkei. building has still not quite got ovei Pushy, huh? Inevitably, eyebrows the feeling of being on the wrong — of St Mark'.s; and since 1958 he side of the tracks. Otherwise, it is the appl '39 rhiefs, 12 elected mem­ ly eighty years later, turn over: bers) to S7 (10 chiefs, 27 elected members). coming both non-white and cosmo­

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 RACE NHLAPO is, she claims, G "one of 89" Africans living and IC PILLAY sells herbs in his shop in Anderson .Street, on one sleeping in the streets of Ferreirastown. V edge of Ferreirastown. He learnt his trade down in Durban from his She sells "mai-mai" for a bare living. "forefathers", and he savs he sets white as well as non-white clients.

HESE INDIAN children live on Alexander Street, T where a handful of Indians own property. They go to school just round the block, where an old, small UTSIDE HIS Chinatown shop that has been in building houses children and teacher.s. They spend O the family for three generations stands Walter their afternoons playing in the streets and follow­ Pon, the grandson of the founder. Last week ing around strangers to the area. The house they the grandfather, Pon Tong Hopley, died, and live in opens from a bleak entrance into a courtyard. was buried after a traditional Chinese .service. Across from the Pons' shop is the Reform Club.

10 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 ITHIN FERREiRASTOWN the W communities keep very much to themselves. Coloureds do not mix with Indians, nor Indians with blacks, and so on. Going one further, this Indian boy would speak to no-one.

YMPTOMATIC OF Ferreirastown decay is this tum­ S bledown wall and empty lot. Here Grace Nhlapo and her friends foregather over tin cans and blazing braziers, while washing hangs from the backs of houses surrounding the lot. The rubble of Ferreirastown is slowly, very slowly, making way for projects like the new motorway, and industries seeking cheaper land.

ROM THE STREET outside, this tenement-type build­ F ing looks deserted. But in the back-yard a score or more Coloureds live in rooms rented from an Indian landlord. Most of them live in the rooms for only LIAS NKOSI is one of the suppliers a few months. At one time Ferreirastown contained E of Vic Pillay's herbalist concern. many Coloured inhabitants, but now most of them Last week he tipped several large roots have moved out. These few linger on. a block from from a sack, received 20c and was off the Magistrates' Courts and the big mining houses. again to his home near .Johannesburg.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 u AFRICA i!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiittiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;i!iii;:iiii!iiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiii^ ALGERIA i' THE OAU and placed Ambassador Robinson Mcllvaine and at least one Pan-Am m^---i\> !NIGER ! ' X-YTSEST'M The travellers' tale official under house arrest. In the ajfaimto';. /DEvpfi-y' f ( ^^^^" ,- For many delegates to this month's Ethiopian capital, Haile Selassie and gg^r-,!lV01^"^,„^', 'NIGERIA/';' -''•• OAU conference in Addis Ababa, an OAU Secretary-General Diallo Telli extra trip beforehand was pleasure- were woken at 2 a.m. and Selassie able, or at least businesslike. Togo's ordered his Minister of Justice, Mam- - CONGO >;>^^ President Nicolas Grunitsky travelled mo Tadesse, to fly at once to Accra. through Paris; Niger's Foreign Minis­ The success or failure of the confer­ ter Courmo Barcougne stopped off in ence was at stake. Khartoum to discuss further mediation For Telli it tolls. The next day. in the Chad-Sudan border di.spute, Radio Conakry protested that any followed for the .same purpose by Ghanaians in Guinea were always free Centrafrica's President Jean-Bedel to leave, and 50,000 demonstrators Bokassa. Ethiopia's Haile Selassie in battledress paraded outside the US and Somali PM Abderazak Hadji Embas,sy .shouting "Yankees out of Hus.sein both flew to Paris to talk Africa". The Guinean government, with the French government about the however, was obviously hoping that Ghana such as Tunisia. Dahomey future of French .Somaliland, and this time Washington would intervene and the Ivory Coast. Such a debate Sudanese PM Sadck el Mahdi toured to pressure "the Accra puppets" to had been imminent, as the con.serva- his country's troubled southern pro­ release the delegation, and early this tives have been seeking the removal of vinces. All, one way or another, were week the ban on Mcllvaine was lifted. Telli, a Guinean, from the top OAU ^^^ executive post. But the Accra airport incident has really sent the balloon up.

CUSTOMS The rites that didn't go right There are some things that an MB ChB is just not qualified to operate on. So when Togolese army paymaster Pierre Sirrikoure removed R38,000 from headquarters to finance a revolt, he had it taken in a beer crate straight to witch-doctor Salifrou Mallam to be multiplied by sacred rites. The plan was to pay a battalion of Togo's 1,600-man army to over­ throw the government of President Nicolas Grunitsky. (I\l \^MI \FRICA HALT . MiDIs \ 1! " // po Piled ai I he airport But before the witchdoctor could complete his lengthy operation on the preparing for the discussion of these,,^ In Addis, the general feeling was cash it was stolen. Sirrikoure con­ affairs, plus Rhodesia and South West that Ghana should have left its com­ fessed to his superiors, and alleged Africa, at the Addis conference. plaint to come up before the confer­ that the man behind the plot was Pan-Af, not Pan-Am. For four ence, and a further mission was dis­ Major Emmanual Bodjolle who, when delegates from Guinea, however, patched to Accra and Conakry to a sergeant, had led the 1963 mutiny there was one stop-off on the way to sort out the muddle. But Ghanaian in which President Sylvanus Olympio Addis that they had neither planned representatives at the preliminary was killed. Bodjolle was appointed nor wanted, and it was to influence ministerial meeting were not climbing Army Chief of Staff when Grunitsky the whole tenor of the summit meet­ down, and delegation leader General took over, but was arrested last year ing. When their Pan-American Air­ A. K. Ocran lashed out at Ethiopian for embezzlement. Having been de­ ways jet called at Accra last week­ Foreign Minister Ketema Yifrou for tained in a gendarmerie camp since end. Foreign Minister Louis Lansana criticising Ghana's action. then. Bodjolle's magic must have Beavogui and his three aides, plus 15 In the undiplomatic turmoil, the been strong if he had been, as Sirri­ Guinean students, were hauled bodily only clear point was that whatever koure claimed, behind the new plot. off the plane and detained by Ghana­ form the main conference took, sub­ But as the government last week de­ ian authorities. They would be held, jects like French Somaliland and the cided to put him on trial, the ex- announced the army government, until southern Sudan would be largely for­ sergeant's ju-ju seemed bankrupt. 100 Ghanaians held in Guinea against gotten. In fact the debate over the their will were allowed to return unhappy Guinean travellers seemed to home. be heading for a fuU-.scale confronta­ CONGO-KINSHASA Reaction in Conakry and Addis tion between radical supporters of When being good is not so good was immediate. The Guinean govern­ Guinea like Algeria and Egypt, and Leonard Mulamba is the Congo's ment accused the US of complicity con.servative or army-ruled allies of Ulysses S. Grant. He did more than

12 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 any other army leader to out-general might be on its way out. Already the 1964/65 rebels, and organised con­ some former leftist rebels have been structive measures to pacify the dis­ granted public office as .senators or contented north east. A year ago, then ambas.sadors, and the Congo is either 37 and Army Chief of Staff, he was turning into a paternalist dictatorship appointed Prime Minister when or returning to its old state of politi­ General Joseph Mobutu, the 35-year- cal flux. old army commander, displaced Joseph Kasavubu as President. But last week Mulamba returned from a ZAMBIA vi.sit to Zambia to find himself de­ Not the way KK hoped moted to the defence ministry, with It was an unhappy birthday for Mobutu taking over the premiership Zambia. Last week, as the copper — the first of the Congo's seven state celebrated the second anniversary PMs in six years of independence of its independence, labour, racial to hold the presidency too. Mobutu, and economic difficulties coloured the .said a government decree, had decided speeches and actions of Kenneth to end "the double-headed nature of Kaunda's UNIP government. Though the executive", which made for 27 whites were among the 84 men "slowness and heaviness in the task and women granted honours and of reconstruction". decorations, Kaunda on two .successive Pains growing. Another explanation days accused whites of fomenting of the move was given by a spokes­ the mine strikes earlier this year and man for the army high command. threatened that "the next few months Colonel Ferdinand Malina, who ac­ are going to be terrible for the racially cused Mulamba over Kinshasa Radio minded". OIL FOR ZAMBIA AT MALALOl RAILHEAD of complicity in July's Kisangani .Sure enough, a few days later 25 Pimyer: infkimmuhlc mutiny (far-fetched) and of even people, mostly white, were served with ca.sting doubts on the authority of the deportation orders. Counter-accusa­ stoned whites and one woman, Mrs President (not so far-fetched). Little tions flew that the government was Bridget Myburgh, was killed. Kaunda is clear except that Mobutu tended to seeking scapegoats — that UNIP called her death "a tragedy", had favour men from his home region itself had caused the unre.st by trying police restore order and posted troops in Upper Congo while Mulamba in- to muscle into the trade unions. So at strategic points; but the damage on the Copperbelt the mood of both was done. The deportations and the whites and blacks grew ten.se. When disorders have done as much harm a Kitwe oil depot exploded in flames to race relations as had any of the last weekend, tempers flared into people expelled. violence. Africans yelling "Sabotage" The fire clouds roll. As for the

plane was next heard of at Garoua EX AFRICA in Cameroun, forty miles from the Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Nigerian border, where it had Following a demonstration by 400 crashed. Wharton then claimed he university students against two was bound for Fort Lamy in Chad, years' national service after gradua­ where he was to receive "further tion — they pointed out that most instructions". Last week the govern­ would be nearly thirty — Presi­ ments of both Chad and Cameroun dent Julius Nyerere last week began .separate inquiries into the ordered their dismissal from the affair, with rumours flying that a EX-PM ML'L.AMBA Dar es Salaam branch of the group of Nigerian politicians and Here wc no (ii;ain Ea.st African University. But in businessmen had financed the flight response to another student com­ in an attempt to overthrow the sisted on posts for fellow Kasai Con­ plaint, again.st a cut in their allow­ army regime. Yet another rumour golese, and that the ex-PM also hoped ances, Nyerere reduced his own identified the buyers as a group in to re-establish an independent power R6,000 a year wage by R 1,200 and Northern Nigeria out to take over base by becoming army commander. later his whole cabinet agreed to the North for themselves. This Mobutu feared, and certain army a 20% salary cut. Luanda, Angola leaders backed him, Dissatisfied by the lack of progress La.st weekend Gabriel Makoso, Fort Lamy, Chad in the campaign again.st Angolan director of the newspaper Courrier When 50-year-old Harry Wharton, guerrillas. Portugal last week re­ d'Afrique, after writing that Mulamba American pilot of a four-engined placed Governor-General Silvirio had .since tried to commit suicide, Italian cargo plane, loaded up with Marques wtih Col Rebosho Vaz, added significantly that Mobutu 1,000 sub-machineguns in Amster­ former commander of an infantry knows he "cannot count uncondition­ dam, he stated his destination as regiment and current district gover­ ally on all the members of his present Birmingham in England. But the nor of Carmona in northern Angola. team". With all this, the monolithic army regime of the past year just

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 13 Kitwe explosion, the oil company grey car that had swept into the court­ Frenchmen, is perhaps the direst threat concerned ruled out sabotage, said yard of liic Palais ilc .lusticc. ami the ihal could he uttered. ther« had been an accident, but proceedings have now been sus|icndctl, 400,000 gallons of fuel had none the possibly for months. FRENCH SOMALILAND less been lost. This week the govern­ La langue des homines. Dlimi ment has announced a R858m four- ostensibly left Morocco in secret, leav­ Seeking a landlord for a half-way year development plan which includes ing a letter for Hassan to say that he house priority work on the oil-carrying trunk would appear before French judges to Literature may seldom be in the roads through to Malawi and Tanzania; clear his country's name, which had minds of the people of French Somali- but for the moment the fuel situation been "wounded, blasphemed and drag­ land, but it was in Rimbaud Square remains bad. Petrol rations were cut ged through the mud", in response. lust week that a demonstration was recently, and this week the RAF airlift from Nairobi, which brought in 3.6m gallons of aviation fuel, comes to an end. Even more strain will be placed on the Malawi and Tanzanian routes now, a strain unhappily too typical of Zambia today.

MOROCCO

Thoughts, home and abroad ASSIMBIFE TER8IT0RI4lf The phrases were resounding, if hardly original. "All foreign interference" in Vietnam was "firmly denounced", as were the "racialist regimes in South- africa and Southern Rhodesia", in a joint communique issued during last week's visit of Moroccan King Hassan to Moscow. The young North African monarch was feted by President Niko­ lai Podgornv and discus.sed inter­ national affairs with Communist Party TERRITORIAL ASSEiWBLY HALL. DJIBOUTI. FRENCH SOMALILAND boss Leonid Brezhnev. But his mind A Rimbaud nimble was elsewhere, in Paris, where the Hassan sentenced Dlimi to 120 days' held in Djibouti against the arrest second-in-command of his security jail for going AWOL, but also pro­ of opposition politicians; and Gover­ service. Colonel Ahmed Dlimi, had moted the young Major to Lieut-Col nor Louis Saget used the words just given himself up to the French for his gallantry. of writer Jules Remains when he authorities for trial in the Ben Barka Speculation in Paris is that Dlimi's called on all "men of good will" to kidnapping case. flight may not have been altogether bring their viewpoints closer for the The trial, in its 44th dav when Dlimi unplanned, that Dlinii may be about sake of the country. appeared in Paris, was all set to prove to bargain with proof that French in­ Saget's problem is to have a that French involvement in the kid­ volvement was in fact at a high level, governing council elected by the napping and probable murder of the and that the whole affair may be Territorial Assembly this weekend Moroccan opposition leader was at a dropped rather than bring Franco- which will administer French Somali- low level, whereas on the Moroccan Moroccan relations to the stage where land until ne.xt year's independence side. Interior Minister Mohammed Ouf- French citizens and investment in referendum. The last council has kir and Dlimi himself, both close to Morocco are endangered. In an inter­ been ineffective since the riots during Hassan, were involved. But iust before view released in Paris last week. Has­ President de Gaulle's visit at the end judgment was passed on the French san threatened that Morocco "might of .August, and its successor will have policemen and others charged in the even give up using French as her in­ lo represent both Somali and Afar trial, Dlimi stepped calmly from a ternational laneuaee". And that, to population groups. But continued demonstrations have led Saget to have 14 leaders of both groups arrested, and last week two local Somalis were shot by police at a roadblock. One pro-French Afar leader, for­ mer chief minister All Aref, proposes a cabinet excluding anyone favouring independence, but other Afars are in temporary alignment with Somalis under Mohammed Ahmed Issa. The latter, popularly known as Cheikho, is among those arrested, and Saget is having his work cut out to keep order and yet not alienate the oppo­ THE BEN BARKA CASE'S OLIMI. HASSAN II WITH PODGORNY IN MOSCOW sition too much from friendship with Id on ne parlcru pas francuisc France.

u NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 businessman spotted nine disc-shaped WORLD/CHECK llllllllllllllllllll!!lllilllllll!llllllllllllllllllDIIIII objects while flying his private plane over the Rockies in 1947, the USAF WEST GERMANY has studied 10,000 reports of UFOs. Most have been established as bal­ When Mende refused to mend loons, airplanes or stars which the Just a year and a day after its sighters had not seen clearly, but the creation, Ludwig Erhard's West Ger­ file marked UNIDENTIFIED still con­ man coalition fell apart last week. tains some 700 unresolved cases. In­ Erhard won his first election as Chan­ vestigations have always been diffi­ cellor last October, but since then his cult, as "flying saucer" reports are popularity has slipped. Erhard's often imprecise, and most scientists Bavarian ally Franz-Josef Strauss has — feeling that no craft could reach been critical of the Chancellor's reported UFO speeds without sonic American rather than French align­ bangs or achieve the reputed dizzying ment in foreign affairs, and the coun­ turns — have declined even to partici­ try's economic success, which made pate in the debate. Erhard's name, has run into diffi­ Sparks a-flying. But the continued culties. A recent opinion poll indi­ public doubt and the military neces­ cated that 44% of West Germans sity to have better-documented evi­ thought Erhard should be replaced. dence have thus led the Air Force to So, with state elections due in Hesse invest further in research. Last JOHNSON (FAR RIGHT) SIGNS MANILA and Bavaria this month, the junior February a USAF committee urged AGREEMENT coalition partners, Erich Mende's opportunities for "scientific investiga­ Flavouring fur the pill Free Democrats, decided to pull out tion of .selected sightings in more de­ munique produced little more than their four cabinet ministers. The tail and depth than has been possible shrugs and the comment "Manila is instance was the 1967 Budget, which to date". The Air Force is now list­ just vanilla". Erhard will try to push through this ing the qualifications which UFO Not all hot air. Besides giving week as head of a minority govern­ checkers must fulfil and is standard­ American, Australian and New Zea­ ment. If his bid fails, he could find ising the data they should seek. land voters (all three countries have more than one ambitious Christian One of the first interpretations of elections due soon) an assurance that Democrat colleague (such as 42-year- UFOs that will be examined is the their South East Asian commitments old Rainier Barzel, chairman of the ball lightning theory. Under discus­ were being continually assessed and party's parliamentary group) willing sion for more than a year, the idea justified, the conference did however to replace him as head of a new was put strongly by scientist Philip bolster South Vietnam, South Korea, coalition with the Free Democrats or Klass in the American Aviation Week Thailand and the Philippines in their even Willy Brandt's powerful Social and Space Technology magazine re­ anti-Communist policies. In Kuala Democrats. cently. Ball lightning, he explained, Lumpur last weekend, local Chinese originates in a blob of air anomalous demonstrated against the US Presi­ to the atmosphere around it either dent (127 protesters were arrested and UFOLOGY in temperature or composition. When one killed by police), but Johnson Elusive illusions electrified, the blob glows, moves chose the Malaysian capital to give "I think a mystery is an itch that erratically and then disappears his strongest warning of the tour to should be scratched," urged Dr Allen through loss of energy. UFO reports China. Commenting on its testing of Hynek, a civilian consultant to the mention many of the characteristics a nuclear missile last week, he US Air Force, in calling for more of ball lightning: red, bluish-white threatened: "Chinese leaders must scientific research into the sighting of or green colouring, hissing sounds and realise that any nuclear capability unidentified flying objects last year. spherical shapes. And many UFOs are they can develop can — and must — And now the USAF, long prominent reported in the vicinity of electric be deterred." In similar vein, though in investigations of such phenomena, power lines, so natural lightning is in Manila South Vietnamese boss has begun to scratch a little harder, not a prerequisite. Ufologists may be Nguyen Ky had been prevailed on to I^ast month it srave the University of unhappy, but Colorado University has accept the theory of eventual Allied Colorado R220t000 for an 18-month a new Klass project. withdrawal, Johnson told American research programme. troops when he helicoptered into the Looking for a lead. Since an Idaho Vietnam battle area that they would CONFERENCES receive all the help they needed. How many angels can dance Manila's vanilla was the icing on a cake that no-one enjoys but has to on the point of a missile? eat. Lyndon Johnson's seven-nation Pacific Conference in the Philippines last THE US week was hardly pacific, nor was it Another tale of elephants and specific. With a dash of determina­ tion to continue the Vietnam war as donkeys long as necessary, and a stir of sug­ Shaking hands in supermarkets, gesting troop withdrawals by both speaking to workers at factory gates, sides, it produced largely the mixture standing modestly beside Richard THE UFO/USAF SWOP as before. At the UN in New York, Nixon or Robert Kennedy on public A real ball of fire the rambling 11-page final com- platforms, candidates for the US Con-

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 196« 15 gress are making their final bids for right-wing may score more gains: of Lebanon's banks, a large slice of success in next week's elections. At actor Ronald Reagan, for instance, Intra's money came from Kuwaiti stake are all 435 seats in the House is thought slightly ahead of incumbent and Saudi oil sheikfi and from "hot" of Representatives and 35 of the hun­ Hdmund Brown in the California sources which were attracted by the dred Senate seats, while 35 of the fifty governorship contest. In the centre, secrecy. Beidas over-reached himself: state governorships are also being Nixon is also campaigning for 1968 he used this unpredictable cash to contested. Since 1932, the party out by speaking on behalf of Republican make long-term investments ranging of office in such a mid-term elections candidates, while on the Democratic from Middle East Airlines to a build^ (halfway through the President's four side Vice-President Hubert Humphrey ing on the Champs Elysees and Bei­ years) has usually improved its posi­ and Senator Kennedy are in unde­ rut's casino. With the cash tied up tion, has won an average of five clared rivalry to build up obligations like that. Intra was safe only as long more Senate and 28 more House among candidates and state organisa­ as withdrawals were normal. But in seats. tions. Thus next week's elections will the past few weeks they were not. This year, especially with President be won and lo.st as much by future It started when the Beirut branch Lyndon Johnson's popularity low, the candidates as by current contestants. of the Moscow-Narodny Bank with­ Republicans could well hope to do drew R2.8m. Then politically skittish better. But they have failed to turn INTERNATIONAL BANKING Saudi sheiks started withdrawing their to good advantage the general unease money wholesale. In one day alone, over Vietnam and the anxietv at ris­ Trouble over the counter they took out R40m. Moreover, while ing living costs. Opinion polls show The scene was a banker's nightmare: Intra continued to pay depositors only 52% of voters feel disturbed by racial outside the closed doors of Beirut's 6%, money-hungry European banks conflict, yet in the South the Repub­ Intra Bank a fortnight ago, a shout­ were offering up to 9%, so many licans are being outflanked by a re­ ing mob clamoured for their money. Intra depositors switched their funds. surgence of segregationist Democrats. Only the arrival of riot police pre­ To top it all. the word gradually Republicans .scorn .lohnson's Manila vented the doors being broken down. went out that Intra was having trou­ initiatives as empty electioneering, but That day, no cash was paid out. The ble. they offer no alternative to his Viet- reason was an old bank bogey - Back to normal. As funds dwindled. Intra asked the government-controlled Central Bank for help, was offered a mere R4m. When the crisis came, the government finally realised the seriousness of the situation — and the harm it could do to Lebanon's financial reputation — and ordered all the banks to close for three days while a way was sought to help out Intra and to prevent a run on all banks. Backed by the IMF's Inter­ national Bank of Settlements, the Central Bank publicly guaranteed the eventual repayment of Intra deposits and offered to back other banks im­ mediately if a run on them occurred. When these re-opened last week, con­ fidence had returned and there were no vast withdrawals. CANDIDATES BROWN AND ROMNEY With Beidas in New York, a new Has the GOP goofed? Intra chairman was appointed and the nam policies. Thus guesses are that liquidity. Though Intra could boast bank has begun calling back loans the Democrats will lose no strength in assets of R135m, and deposits of to repair its liquidity. In the mean­ the Senate, and only the average (28) R53m, a sudden spate of withdrawals time, in a move that sheds light on in the House. had drained the ready-cash supply. its earlier massive withdrawal, the The right horses. Even this will be Intra was started in 1951 by Yous- Moscow-Narodny Bank offered to some hindrance to further "Great sef Beidas, a Palestinian refugee who buy Intra and, with it, control of the Society" legislation, but the Republic­ set himself up in Beirut as a money prestigious and strategic Middle East ans will still have the headache of changer. In a climate of low taxation, Airlines. Yet in the face of mounting fighting back to prominence for the high secrecy, and a complete absence Lebanese opposition such a take-over 1968 presidential election. Next week's of monetary restrictions, Beirut was looked unlikely. By week's end re­ elections could decide whether their becoming the financial capital of the habilitation for Intra was on the way. conser\'ativc or moderate wings will Middle East. Its 94 banks now handle "The bank will resume activities," head the nomination race. Liberal deposits worth R700m, 80% of it said its new chairman, Nagib Salha. Republicans hope for victories by foreign money. Intra has led the way, "as soon as the present liquidity crisis Nelson Rockefeller (as Governor of as Beidas built it into Lebanon's big­ is solved." Also being rehabilitated New York), George Romney (as gest bank, handling 15,000 major in­ last week was Lebanon's financial Governor of Michigan) and Charles dustrial and commercial accounts, prestige: a new Trans-Orient Bank, Percy (as an Illinois Senator). But with branches in London. Paris. New with an initial capital of R600,000, Rockefeller and Romncy are not close York, and most of West Africa. was started in Beirut by the ITS's to the body of the party, and the Not so fast As with the majority International Bank of Washington.

16 MEV/S/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 THE WORLD IN VIEW

O NORTHERN IRELAND'S Rev Ian Paisley, the Pope Tis "Old Red .Sock" and the "Anti-Christ". He also charges that the main Protestant Churches are using the ecumenical OR COMPLICITY in the Communist plot a year ago, movement to hand the province over to Catholicism, and F Indonesia's ex-Foreign Minister Dr Subandrio was sen­ that PM Terence O'Neill has betrayed NTs links with tenced to death last week; but the tears .shed by his old Britain by improving relations with the Irish Republic. leader President Sukarno were not for him. Threatened by Paisley, leader of a small splinter church, is so anti- the same fate at the hands of the now dominant army, Su­ Catholic that, so they joke in Belfast, "he disowned his karno marked the anniversary of the clash by paying tri­ son for calling him 'Father'." But his virulent speeches bute at the grave of Commander-in-Chief Ahmed Yani, and rallies became no joke, and when he refused to killed by Communists before they were routed by the army. undertake to keep the peace three months ago, he was jailed. Recently, however, he was cheered by supporters as he left prison — where IRA gunmen were once interned. Last week Paisley was again on the rampage, promising to have O'Neill ousted from office and challenging the Presby­ terian Church's Moderator to prove his Protestantism.

AST WEEKEND, rescue workers L were still .searching for bodies among the wreckage of Aberfan school, engulfed by the landslide of a slag dump a fortnight ago. As Queen Eliza­ beth visited the village, 147 bodies — mostly children — had been found.

ITH THE credit squeeze reducing the demand for cars in Britain, the W British Motor Corporation has cut production and laid off workers, leading to union protests. Last week strikers numbered 10,000, including delivery drivers, who have papsed 16,000 new Austins to pile up awaiting distribution.

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18 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 FOCUS ON: ROBERT GARDINER Cool head on a hot continent E is believed to have been the WWll, Gardiner returned to West H first man to make the remark: Africa — first to Nigeria and the "The Congolese are the Belgians of University of Ibadan, then to Ghana's Africa and the Belgians are tne Con­ Civil Service. In 1959 Gardiner was golese of Europe." Ihe time was the asked back to the UN, and thus early days of the UN Peace force m started the climb to becoming Africa's the Congo, when Robert Gardiner top UN official. Today he is regarded was one of the handful of top UN as the ablest black administrator on officials who were trying to re­ the continent. establish some stable form of govern­ One of few. Installed at first as THE UN'S ROBERT GARDINER ment within the country — some­ Deputy Executive Secretary of the Hard nut with hard fads times with success, as at the time Economic Commission for Africa, selves. And, adds the Brazilian: when Gardiner managed to persuade when it was still being born, Gardi­ "Among the Africans there are not Congolese politicians to come togethei ner's qualities of shrewdness and com­ many Gardiners, men capable of and resume parhamentary activities, plete lack of bombast at an early searching self-criticism." The first but mostly with failure. Gardiner stage steered him into tricky political African invited to dehver the annual himself became head of the UN positions — notably in the Congo. BBC Reith lectures, Gardiner last year operation in the Congo in 1963, re­ Conor Cruise O'Brien, the Irish diplo­ spoke of a World of Peoples. Hotly turned after a year to his post on mat who led the UN Force against against political conditions in the the Economic Commission for Africa. secessionist Katanga in 1962, later southern part of Africa, Gardiner yet He left the Congo with a strong be­ wrote of the Gardiner of that time: slammed Afro-Asianism: "I think," he lief in the necessity of promoting "1 think that he may have been alone said at the time, "that this is a con­ stability first: "What we should do among us Onusians (UN officials) in cept of very limited validity, largely is to restore law and order so as to that, in his heart, he put the welfare because it was born out of the negative allow Congolese social and pohtical of the Congo first, and the United solidarity of protest against the West." forces to exercise themselves. This Nations second . . . however exasper­ seems to me the only realistic ap­ ated he might feel about the Con­ Flying adviser. Gardiner now heads proach", he said later of his Congo golese, he had a tenacious, underly­ the UN Economic Commission for Africa; and his job is mainly one of experience. ing sympathy with them, in their acting as a spur to the continent's Peripatetic. Born in WW! to one plight, and in their hope." O'Brien's economic development. Consisting of of the Gold Coast families that had judgment was last week backed up an overall bureau based in Addis adopted English surnames, Robert by "the Brazilian ex-diplomat, Her- Ababa, the ECA oversees the work of Gardiner early showed his ability. nane Tavares de Sa, when he pub­ four sub-regional groupings for Africa Educated first in the Gold Coast and lished his controversial book on the -— North, West, East and Central. Sierra Leone, and then in Britain, he UN. Tavares' sour remarks on the Gardiner's time is spent flying be­ was invited back to West Africa to world body extend most pungently to tween the capitals of Africa, where form an economics department at African attitudes. Nobody at the UN, he is by now a well-known figure. Sierra Leone's Fourah Bay University says Tavares, dares say anything re­ A man whose task it is to find out College. Then after a short spell sembling the truth about the black the facts about the world's poorest under Ralph Bunche at the UN post- continent — except Africans them- continent, Gardiner faces some un­ pleasant trends. Earlier this year he reported back to the UN that the per capita domestic product of the parts of Africa covered by the ECA rose by only ]% from 1960 to 1964, and not the 5% hoped for by the ECA. Continually on the move, Gardiner pushes hard in the countries he visits for more inter-African co-operation. Last week he was in Togo's capital of Lome, attending a transport con­ ference. There he told delegates that for the framework of an inter-African transport system, R3,000m would have to be spent by 1980. African countries, said Gardiner, "must emerge from their isolation, and their people and products must circulate freely if our continent is to take the place that it should hold in the 20th century." Gardiner is one man show­ GARDINER (LEFT) TAKES OVER FROM LINNER IN THE CONGO IN 1963 Spurring the plodding horse ing the way.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 19 BUSINESS tiiiiiiii'ii!iiii!iiiiii!:iiii!:iii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiii:iiiiiiiiiii!iiii!^^ others, back in Britain in the late BUILDINGS Twenties he decided to do something No squeeze for Standard about it. Redefining a house as "a A coin's throw from the Johannes­ means of limiting space for human burg Stock Exchange, work began occupation", he then set out to find last week on the Standard Bank's materials that could be given produc­ new prestige block. To be built by the tion-line treatment, that would be LTA group in association with Con- easily and quickly assembled on site cor Construction and Bondcrete, the without requiring expensive and labo­ RlOm building will consist of a cen­ rious craftsmanship. tral core rising 34 storeys above Spreading Sandwich. The damage ground level, with the individual wreaked on London, and the need office floors suspended from three for easily erected dwellings to replace concrete brackets cantilevered from those destroyed during WWII's blitz, the core. The absence of supporting lent impetus to his search for pre­ outer columns. Standard points out fabricated housing. But is was from proudly, will mean a wide open space Capetown last week that he left for at pavement level. Mauritius to sell some more of his LTA will start work on the core Fibercor timber-and-fibreglass corrug­ FULLER AND FIBERtOlt HOUSE ated panels to the hurricane-prone Culling out a chunk lo live in island. Some of the rugged and handsome while Fibercor costs 35c/40c for the Fibercor has already been shipped same amount. But, claims Fibercor to Mauritius. Other foreign inquiries chairman Schachat, its installed cost have poured in from around the is competitive because of two factors. world. The entry into the export Over a 16-ft unsupported length, (ac­ market crowns the lifetime efforts of cording to Bureau of Standards tests), 58-year-old Fuller, has resulted from Fibercor has a breaking strain of his being the first in the world to over 45 Ibs/sq ft, which means that produce a successful wood-and-fibre- it needs no supporting trusses. A glass laminate as a building material. single central beam is sufficient. And After coming to Southafrica in 1946, Fibercor is made in pre-tailored sec­ Fuller struggled to perfect the tions at the factory, can be delivered marriage of wood (which he regards to the building site and installed as the most flexible and useful build­ immediately by unskilled workers. ing material available to man) with Big build-up. Once in place, a fibreglass which would give it Fibercor roof is its own ceiling be­ strength. Working with his sons, cause of its excellent insulating Ronald and Trevor, he designed and properties and good looks. Independ­ built the patented presses that could ent tests also show that the equivalent do the job. By 1962 he was turning of five years" weathering makes little out the first commercial product in impression. a backyard factory in Capetown's Secret of Fibercor's strength lies WHAT STAND.\BD'S NEW BUILDING WILL DO in its thin, glued laminations of TO JO'BURGS SKYLINE District Six. Alt hung up Drive-in erection. Lacking capital, wood. The extra strength permits however, the fledgling company — more extensive use of thin veneers, first, using the sliding form method which are peeled from logs — a far which will hoist the tower six feet Fibercor (Pty) Ltd — was on the road to extinction till Capetown more economical way to use timber a day. Within 62 days the core will than sawn planks. Using the same be ready. Two cranes will then be lawyer H. Louis Schachat and some associates took an interest. Buying methods, though without the fibre- assembled on its top to lift the pre­ glass reinforcing, Fibercor has produ­ cast floor sections into position. By out another shareholder, they pump­ ed in capital and erected a new ced doors (called Stereoframe) in one 1969 Standard will have its head high piece and Stereoiam beams. The in the air. factory at Bellville. This year, estim­ ates Trevor Fuller, it will make rigidity lent by the lamination tech­ 250,000 sq ft of the corrugated Fiber­ nique prevents the low-cost doors MATERIALS cor - plus 40,000 laminated doors. from warping and adds strength to Less wood for the roof trees Deeply-corrugated Fibcrcor is made the beams, which can be manu­ Defining a house as "four brick walls of two thin layers of fibreglass sand­ factured in continuous lengths up to and an iron/thatch/tile/shingle/roof" wiched between three slices of Philip­ sixty feet. (The longest beam obtain­ tends to ensure that houses will go pine mahogany. At present it is able in solid timber is about forty on being built of those materials. used mainly as a roofing material, feet.) In common with other builders, thought it can be employed equally "We are still", says the youngest engineering constructor George Fuller well for sidcwalling and floors. As son, Trevor Fuller, "trying to make regretted the slowness anti iiielficiency compared with asbestos sheeting, use of all the ideas we have for that the use of these conventional material to material, it is exjiensive. applying factory methods to the pro­ materials enforced. But unlike most A.sbeslos sells for about 12c a sq ft. duction of more efficient housing

20 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 materials." It is planned, for instance, held in the UK in September. There, their output, in the process are mak­ to pre-finish doors to the final oil PM Harold Wilson joined business­ ing the big jump from a subsistence or varnish, then deliver them to the men and union and government offi­ level of farming to that of a cash building site packed in polythene in­ cials for a survey of British produc­ economy. Nowhere is this move more side cardboard boxes. "Such items," tivity. What they saw was not too evident than in the African Purchase says irevor Fuller, "should have and pleasing (Britain's output per head is Areas. will have a degree of finish equal rising 2.6% a year, against 8.8% for The split-up. Land apportionment to the finest furniture." Japan, 5% for West Germany, 4.9% in Rhodesia goes back to 1895, when And chairman Schachat, who is proud for France) but at least there was a the British Southafrica Company that a small number of local Cape­ mass of data about productivity in allocated 2.2m acres in Matabeleland town people had the faith in Fibercor different .sectors which allowed useful to back it to its present success, is comparisons and made remedial think­ confident that the company will make ing a little easier. The London con­ quite a lot of other profitable altera­ ference emphasised that since the tions to the concept of housing in the British labour force will increase by near future. only 1% in the next ten years, future economic growth will have to come CONFERENCES from an increase in productivity. For How much, how well? Southafrica, caught as it is in a Normally concerned with the quality skilled labour squeeze, the message of things, the Southafrican Bureau is the same. of Standards last week looked to the quality of work itself by organising a productivity conference in Pretoria! FARMING For three days, over 600 delegates The new landowners heard talks on subjects ranging from Largely dependent as they are on the high cost of industrial safety to exports, Rhodesia's white farmers Southafrica's insufficient investment in have been among the hardest hit by education (3% of national income, sanctions. Though with continuing good against the US's 6.8%). Finally the crops of tobacco and sugar, their meeting voted approval of a sugges­ sales outlook remains bleak. Last tion, put by the FCI's Leslie Lulofs month the Que Que Farmers' Asso­ AFRICAN FARMER IN RHODESIA and the Handelsinstituut's Ben ciation maintained that agriculture in A healthy whack Marais, that a committee be formed Rhodesia was "bankrupt", and de­ for tribal occupation. Outside this to work out the feasibility of a manded immediate government help. area, both Africans and Europeans national Productivity Council. In another sector of Rhodesian agri­ could buy land. But by 1925 Afri­ One way up. But, perhaps because culture, however, things were looking cans had acquired only 45,000 acres, the topic is new to the Republic, up; without the worry of having to while European immigrants had there was no assessment of current sell huge crops overseas, the coun­ brought up 31m acres. In that year productivity rates — a failing under- try's African farmers are steadily im­ the Carter Commission recommended .scored by a productivity conference proving the quality and quantity of that 48.6m acres should be set aside

consumer/producer price gap to cli- For many Africans, that will go CHECK STUBS matological research. Main gripes down as well as the beer itself. were the increased rail tariffs (eight Identity at last Distant distress increases in the last 22 years which Net profits in the year ending June Launched at Ditenhage 21 years have doubled costs) and insufficient ago, Southafrican Motor As.semblers 30 fell from last year's R5.6m to state attention to soil conservation. R5.3m, reported the OK Bazaars and Distributors (SAMAD) was * Opening the gathering of the first a general car assembly plant. last week. Main culprit was the National Federation of Building OK's British chain, Elmo Stores, Among its main lines: Studebaker.s, Trade Employers, Minister of now defunct, and BMC cars, now which had a bad year. Labour Marais Viljoen chided buil­ Phased in assembled by BMC itself in Cape­ ders for not training even more town. In the 1950s Volkswagens be­ apprentices. The 3,000-odd appren­ Associated Electrical Industries has came the major output and Ger- tices currently registered will not acquired a big financial stake in manv's Voikswacen bouaht control satisfy the Republic's needs, he Fractional Electric Motor, the Re­ of SAMAD. This month, SAMAD pointed out. public's first maker of small motors. will change its name to Volkswagen F"rom this week, AEI will become of Southafrica. Down, down, the USA sole sales agent for Femco motors Pretoria pow-wows The next round in the tussle for in Southafrica. Among the fading jacarandas. far­ .Southafrica's beer market begins Stepping up the current mers and building trade employers this week when SA Breweries intro­ With one factory near Pretoria pro­ gathered in Pretoria last week for duces its new Carling beer. Aided ducing at full capacity, Siemens their annual congresses. Points: by its partner in the project, the Southafrica is still faced with a * Delegates to the .Southafrican I'S's Carling Brewing Company, growing demand for switchgear. To Agricultural Union meeting dis- SA Breweries will concentrate on an cope, Siemens will build a new cu.ssed topics ranging from the American imatie for the new beer. R800,00f) factory at Isando.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 21 for whites, a further 29m acres for blacks, which included 7.5m acres of Native Purchase Areas. In these, Africans with "Master Farmer" diplo­ mas, acquired under a state education scheme, could buy holdings cheaply. By 1930 the recommendations were implemented. Yet tradition died hard — not many Africans tried for their Master Farmer diplomas. But by the 1950s the tribal systems were being eroded. Increasing numbers of blacks decided to break away from the communal land tenure of the Tribal Trust Areas and emulate the white farmers on the other side of the fence who were making huge fortunes. Ploughed deeply. There are already 8,000 Purchase Area farmers and new families are still moving in under current allocations. Later this year another 183 farms spread around the country will be allocated. Agriculture is Rhodesia's biggest single industry, contributing nearly 24% of the gro,ss domestic product, and though two thirds of this currently comes from white farms, the whites are steadily ..;^ leaving the land and blacks are mov­ ing in with a greater share of total 7 more* rum ways to keep you cool all Summer farm production. At last month's annual congress of Rhodesia's African Farmers' Union, 8 Snowmaiden. You can't do better than 12 Bazooka. Times when you're feeling choose a cool blonde when the heat's on! low . . . nobody loves you . . . nobody held at Harari, black farmers spoke Here's one. Take one part of sugar syrup cares . . . and to top it all the temperature with an awareness of their new im- (you can skimp a bit on this if you wish), is way up in the nineties, mix a couple of two parts of lime juice and a couple of these and in a little while even you won't dashes of grenadine. Allowing one egg care. Put two dashes of lemon juice, one white for each two drinks, blend the lot teaspoon of sugar and two dashes of tenderly. Then add eight parts of Red bitters into a dumpy glass. Now add one Heart Rum and shake with crushed ice. ounce of Red Heart Rum, one ounce of Strain into frosted cocktail glasses and whisky and one ounce of brandy. Pill embrace with fervour. with crushed ice and garnish with fruit. Insert a couple of straws and sip gently as 9 Flamingo. Best at sundown, just before you begin the countdown. ^^a'^'^^M< taking off. Gather together one part sherry, three parts Red Heart Rum and a 13 Kalahari Cooler. Just the drink to whip dash each of grenadine and maraschino. up as soon as you spot your first oasis. Shake well with cracked ice. Pour and Guaranteed to kill a thirst faster than decorate each glass with a twist of orange you can say Red Heart Kum. l.)ecorate peel if you feci artistic. Good idea to check a Collins glass with a long spiral of lemon your landing gear alter the first half dozen. peel. Hang one end over the rim, anchor the other in the base of the glass, using a 10 Fizzy-Lizzie. A sure-fire cooler, and no couple of largish ice cubes to do the job. kidding! Simply pour two jiggers of good Now pour in two to three ounces of Red old Red Heart Rum, one teaspoon of Heart Rum and fill to the brim with chilled sugar and the juice of half a lemon into soda. Stir quickly and serve. Gcxxi idea a shaker. Give it the works. As soon as to keep one handy for anyone who might the seismograph levels out, strain into stagger in croaking "water . . . water . . !" long glasses and top up with chilled soda. Then wait for the thaw. 14 Write in.* If you've been involved in outer .space activi­ 11 Nineteenth Hole. You don't have to ties, expeditions to .'\ntariica, play golf to enjoy this one. We know of etc., and consequently mi.sscil TRIBAL MILLET GROWING most unsportmanlike types who drink the first two sets of 1 each of Selling an example nothing else. Start by pul\erising a sprig Red Heart Rum recipes ... all of mint in the shaker. When it's good and is not lost! Just drop us a line portance. Opening the congress. Union mashed add the juice of quarter of a lemon, at P.O. Box 4582, Cape Town, president W, H. Kona appealed to half a teaspoon of sugar, a jigger of Red and we'll be delighted to send Heart Rum and lots of cracked ice. Shake them to you by return of post. the government to increase the size enthusiastically until you work up a heavy of Purchase Area farms so that their frost, many folk regard this as good exer­ viability could be improved. It was cise. Strain into glasses and trim with mint. Cheers. Red Heart Rum a request springing from confidence and from know-how — qualities S724/4EK sorely needed by black farmers in many other parts of Africa.

22 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 MINING & FINANCE •- Wildcat, or wildgoose? 1930s, but the new "floaters", self- READER "This is what we call a wildcat area," sufficient and self-propelled, can drill explained Robert Woodul, a vice- down to 25,000ft in 100 fathoms of president of Esso Exploration, who water (the depth limit of the South- jetted in from New York last week. african off-shore concessions). NEWS/CHECK With several other international oil Well justified. Such expensive company executives, Woodul was here operations might be worthwhile. Who­ to sign exploration agreements with ever strikes it lucky will have an "in" interprets the important Soekor for the off-shore areas. The for the Southafrican market, growing signings marked the beginning of the now at 5% a year — and the profits news every fortnight — most hopeful stage in Southafrica's in the oil business come from selling oil search. With no confirmed strike crude, not from refining or marketing. it is a magazine to read every fortnight.

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OIL CONCESSIONS AND WHO HAS THEM Wild cat could become fat cat inland as yet, the off-shore sections, Moreover, there is the chance that the in particular the Agulhas Bank area, North Sea strikes may be repeated. YOUR are the next bet. Soekor has divided There, 65 companies have begun tap­ the coast from the Orange River to ping an immense billion-rand oil and Saint Lucia into a dozen concessions gas field. It just could happen again. and has awarded them to nine inter­ national and two local companies. Big money, big wheels FRBGHT The Agulhas Bank has been cut into For the Kenya National Transport three parts, one each going to: Atlan­ Co-operative Society (KENATCO), tic Richfield, a new US group; Cali­ the going was rough. High operating fornia Asiatic and Topco, owned by costs and tough competition from GOES Standard Oil of California and other transporters, mostly Asian or Texaco of New York respectively; European, caused KENATCO to and Placid International, also a US appeal to its competitors earlier this group. year to give it a "chance". Formed in FASTEST Where is the slick? All concession­ 1965 by a score of small transporters, aires will have to start exploring with­ KENATCO has grown into one of the in three months, are required to spend biggest all-African businesses. -•'h^ over R5m each in the next five years To each his own. For that reason, in development work — unless they the Kenya government could not EAST COAST TO EUROPE BY withdraw, which they may do after ignore its difficulties. Last month the one year. state paid R250,000 for control of LLOYD TRIESTINO This is no game for small opera­ KENATCO. The move may set a • Regular Sailings • Modern Ships tors. Drilling at sea is more compli­ precedent that could be repeated all • Northbound freighters call cated and up to ten times more over East Africa, where governments at Piraeus m.v. •CABOTO" expensive than land drilling. The are already deeply involved in running m.v. •'MARCO POLO" (and owning) agricultural co-ops. m.v. "USODIMARE" giant sea rigs cost up to R5m each m.v. ••VESPUCCI" to buy, R6,000 a day to operate. Now attention is turning to commerce m.v. ••VIVALOr^ ® Full Information from any office of Woodul estimates that an off-shore and industry. Through its own in­ STURROCK (Cape) Ltd., SOUTH AFRICA. "probe" on Agulhas will cost R2m. efficiency African business is opening CORY MANN GEORGE (Pvl) Ltd., SALIS­ BURY, CORY MANN GEORGE (Beira) Simple rigs for drilling in shallow the way to a peculiar brand of (Pty.) Ltd., BEIRA. JOHN T. RENNIE t water have been in use since the socialism. SONS, LOURENCO MARQUES.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 19«« 23 NAMAQUALAND: PIONEERS IN THE SUN O not make the mistake of asking Magna. Although they found neither terrain and the absence of suitable D Namaqualanders where Namaqua­ cities nor gold, the rumours of rich harbours. This difficulty presented it- land is. The replies will be confusing copper deposits aroused the interest .self again later when Namaqualand rather than informative, for Namaqua­ of Cape Governor Simon van der Stel. became Soulhafrica's fir.st proper min­ land is as much a state of mind as an He dispatched Olaf Bergh in 1682. ing area. But in the meantime, for area. Quite away from mainstream — and again in 1683, to explore more almost another two centuries, Nama­ or even Main Street — Southafrica, thoroughly. Bergh could report no qualand was left to slumber. it has developed, and maintains, an copper finds, but told tales of the Reluctant intrusion. Whatever diffi­ ethos and a way of life which is Gamoere, a people with eyes in their culties there may be in defining pre­ unique. It is a life which may have feet. cisely the limits of Namaqualand, been familiar in the mining camps No heavy lode. Van der Stel, how­ people visiting the territory today have and frontier farms of the late 19th ever, was more interested in copper. one extremely practical test. They century, but it now strikes strangely In 1686 he therefore himself mounted have reached Namaqualand when they upon the eyes of any intruders. an expedition with fifteen wagons and begin to realise why the 375 mile? For geographical purposes. Nama­ separating Namaqualand"s principal qualand is a region lying alongside town of Springbok from Capetown the chilly waters of the South Atlan­ had formed so effective a barrier to tic between the Olifants and the the incursions of the outside world for Orange rivers on the west coast of so long. A fast tar road covers the Southafrica. But not even the Divi­ 180 miles from Capetown to Van- sional Council, which is responsible rhynsdorp. Then, suddenly, it becomes for the meagre civic amenities to be a gravel track, pounded and rutted by found outside the sparse municipal the huge trucks that are its main areas, can agree on just where it traffic. When NEWs/cHrcK's Cape­ starts and stops. town staffwriter. Garth Tomkinson, Countrymen and clansmen. If the visited the area recently, Namaqua­ official views are conflicting, the in­ land was also heralded by a dense habitants' strongly parochial opinions mist that reduced night visibility to of what constitutes Namaqualand are the distance to the edge of the road. chaotic. The Sandvelders, who live on Such sea-fogs are frequent on the the sandy lowland between the sea barren, waterless plateau north of and the 2,000-ft high Kamiesberg, Vanrhynsdorp which is aptly called feel that the farmers of inland Bush- the Knersvlakte — gnashing flats. manland are not "true" Namaqua­ Machines are at work all up and landers. Among other things, they are down the road now, and many miles accused of being rich and inhospitable of good black-top surface are today —• especially by comparison with the interspersed with the chassis-shatter­ Sandvelders. People living south of ing gravel. When completed, the road Garies do not qualify either: they are will form the main trunk artery link­ in the Hardeveld. And Hardevelders ing Capetown to Windhoek, It is are reluctant to admit that the area "scheduled" for completion in 1968. adjacent to the Orange River is but the contract for the section be­ Namaqualand, for that is the Rich- tween Springbok and Kamieskroon tersveld. To complete the bewilder­ has yet to be awarded. ment of inquiring outsiders, they No keeping 'em on the fann. There learn that whatever is called Nama­ may be a little sadness mixed with qualand is only "Klein" Namaqua­ the luck. Readier access to the busier land. "Groot" Namaqualand is a far world of the cities via a good road larger area that includes much of will inevitably prove fatal to the way southern South West Africa. of life of the rural whites — a life In search of consolation gold. Four which is unique in its material poverty main factors have been responsible and spiritual richness. Although the for shaking and shaping Namaqualand NAMAQUALANDS OWN TRKE: THE KOKER- horrendous tracks that inch down the into what it was and is: copper, dia­ BOOM Kamiesberg to the Sandveld, where monds, its isolation and the difficul­ Uncertain hiiul what must be the last community of ties of transport. Before the arrival 200 spare oxen. He found copper in white peasants in Southafrica survives, of van Riebeeck, the Hottentot tribe the vicinity of Springbok, where one are unlikely to improve this side of called Namaquas smelted copper by of the exploratory holes he dug is eternity, the attrition has already be­ primitive methods. The first travellers now a national monument. But despite gun. While the older generations are who penetrated the region found them his diary entries recording that the ore content to continue scratching a living the dominant tribe, and therefore became richer "hand over hand", it among the kokerboom trees — large, called it Namaqualand. These Euro­ was in reality low-grade material, at slow-growing succulents that rear pri­ peans were searching, like .so many of that time not worth exploiting. Van meval profiles against the sky — and the early explorers in Africa, for the der Slel also encountered difficulty in llie waxy, drought-resistant shrubs, land or Monomotapa with its fabulous finding a way to transport tiie ore their sons and daughters are getting golden cilies of Davaque and Vigiti away, due to the roughness of tiie out. .\\. the moment they go relatively

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 24 -—->--^ '-* i— Jtts

LEFT: PORT NOLLOTHS GOI F ( (U I!sl (CADDY WITH BROOM FOR SWEEPING SALT PUTTING GREEN) CENTRE: ABANDONED ENGINE AT O'OKIEP. RIGHT: MAIN STRthl, SPRINGBOK Ancient dust and moderniiy short distances: to drive machines ed on to these acquired traits that cul­ bornly to the original version. working on the roads, or to the cop­ tural inbreeding has reinforced and The locals were more successful in per mines at Nababeep and Carolus- perpetuated. retaining the "p" at the end of Naba­ berg, or to the Post Office at Van- Since the farmers sometimes work beep — which means "lone brown rhynsdorp. Only the most adventur­ on the mines, and most miners have hill". The hill of copper ore has been ous go to die Kuap from whence, relatives on the farms, the sense of mined away; where it stood is now having once tastetl the joys of Cape­ communal unity has been preserved. a deep "glory hole", but Cornellisen town's urban existence, they seldom Any Namaqualander, for instance, is is still adamant that that is no excuse return. Better roads will expedite the familiar with the Hottentot words that for calling the headquarters of the exodus. have been incorporated into the ubi­ O'okiep Copper Company "Naba- Old folks at home. Their departure quitous Afrikaans. Words like xghou*. beeb". is understandable. Thanks to the en­ meaning ghastly or distasteful, espe­ Even thee's a little queer. Namaqua­ lightenment spread by untiring domi- cially with reference to food. Rain in landers have developed their own nees on horseback in earlier year.s, Namaqualand is likely to be zihhi,** Afrikaans peculiarities too. In some the farmers' children attend boarding a cold, clammy drizzle; and when it cases these amount almost to a schools at Springbok and lose their falls, people sahha*** — they suffer dialect. Apologies are graciously re­ taste for the hard life of subsistence from chill tremors. ceived with: "Dciar's geen font.'" farming. There is no future in a life Defenders of the place. The place- Where ploughing is usually ploeg, in which the only cash comes from names too, betray their Hottentot for Namaqualanders it is ploe. Tagtig the sale of a few karakul lamb skins origin. Cornellisen and the local in­ is taggentag: ahnal is pronounced every year. habitants are still fighting a rear­ allettiaUe. These pronunciations stem The life they leave, however, has guard action against the Place Names from the extreme care with which Na­ many compensations for its hardships. Commission to prevent it altering the maqualanders give their words their Language of the land. Alwyn Cor­ spelling of the copper mining town proper values. nellisen is chief geologi.st to the O'okiep to "Okiep". Although it is These peculiarities are common­ O'okiep Copper Company. He is also now pronounced simply "oak keep", place throughout the territory, but a Namaqualander of many generations' the defenders of the old spelling argue like almost everything ekse that dis­ descent, and a keen amateur historian that it is not the result of a Cornish tinguishes the people of Namaqua­ of the area. The first white Namaqua­ miner misspelling an Irish name, but land from others in Southafrica, landers, says Cornellisen. were an attempt to render the click of the they are found in intensified form heneuks (rebels) who left the taxes Hottentot word meaning "the water­ among the Sandvelders, who were and trammels of the British regime ing place at the trees". The Place there before copper mining on a com­ behind when its writ stopped at Clan- Names Commission has won as far as mercial scale began. william. They trekked into a barren the Post Office is concerned, but Close to the earth. Other Namaqua­ region where water was sparse and Cornellisen and his cohorts stick stub- land people claim that they can dis­ tinguish Sandvelders by the way they only Hottentots lived. Inevitably cut *A clii-k. followed by "bough". off, they preserved many of their ** it-zib-bec). walk ("as if they were on a boat") original habits and customs and graft­ ***(t-sali-lia) and the way they wear their shirts

U. * N \ll \l(l Al \M) s IH.\ \I!( Uli: I IL 111 \ MMllLSHUIS COMPLETED, LINDt.K C ONSTHUC I ION. FURNISHED WITH TRANSISTOR. ALUMINIUM TABLE ETC — TKADII lONAI, llOliSINC, SOLLIION IN COLOURED RESERVE AT STKINKOi'F doing, going, gcing . . .

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 25 tricity, running water and other "civilised" essentials. For the 4,000 white townsmen. Springbok, O'okiep and Nababeep are just ordinary small mining towns. But if the Afrikaans of rural Namaqualanders is fossilised history of one kind, the names of those who live in the towns is another. In the mid-19th century there was an influx of Cornish miners into Namaqualand at the height of the "great copper bubble". Describing their social life, the first and last issue of a hand-written newspaper named Spektakel News refers to ". . . gentle­ men meeting dark maidens on dark nights . . ." Although this candour was suppressed, the meetings con­ NAMAQUALANDEKS: TANTE KOWA WITH SON tinued. Today one of the results is AND WEEK'S MEAT: MRS HERNE OF STEIN- KOPF WITH ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS a Coloured family that bears the name Generation follows generation Farmer but pronounces it "vol moer", and a Bantu family of Dixons (pro­ Noble simplicity. Yet the passing with sleeves and front always fully nounced "dik son"). The Cornishmen, buttoned ("because it is always of the Sandveld mode of life will be, either cold in the morning or getting in some ways, almost like the fall of cold at night"). But, sitting in their man. Envy, avarice, status-seeking small clay-brick houses sipping end­ and back-biting have no part in it. less cups of tea or bies — boiled Amazingly, for a small rural com­ goat's colo,strum taken from an ewe munity, neither does gossip. Despite that has newly given birth — Sandvel­ their poverty, Sandvelders are proud ders are content. Their houses have and independent people whose chief neither washing nor toilet facilities — boast is that they will extend hospi- the veld is wide and empty enough. tahty to anyone requesting it to the Their diet is largely goat's meat, limit of their ability. Already, how­ butchered by themselves from their ever, the transistor radios stand on own animals, together with sourdough the riemstoele, endlessly churning out bread baked in the oven outside and Jim Reeves. It is the beginning of brought to the table sweet and steam­ the end. ing in huge slabs. The floor is in all Everybody's Cousin Jack. The fate probability beaten earth smeared with of the Sandvelders' way of life was dung to prevent flying dust. Cooking really sealed when the exploitation of and washing up is done in an open copper started in 1850. It is only the enclosure of kraalbos outside the ruggedness of the country and its iso­ kitchen door. Since rain is so rare, lation that has protected them so far. this is not the hardship it might In the towns the situation is quite SPRINGBOKS TRANSPORT KING JOWELL appear. different. The OCC provides elec­ Keeping the place moving however, were not the only ones to enter into the spirit of the land. Many of the Cape's most honoured names — Cloete, van Reenen, Bam — are represented among the Namaqualand Coloured people. In another irony of history, Naba­ beep is full of Cornish descendents, now fully assimilated Afrikaners like the Bassingthwaites (who call them­ selves "Bessentwaite") and the Wol- stenholmes, who cannot speak a word of English. Economic shockabsorbes. But the mines did not only bring "liquor and Coloureds", as the locals quip. They also brought wealth, population and — more recently — stability to this otherwise impoverished area. Last year the O'okiep Copper Company COPPER. OLD AND NEW: VAN DER STEL'S HOLE: LATEST MINE (CAROLUSBEKG) produced blister copper worth about Worried search R30m. Copper, says Joe Jowell, mil-

26 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 lionaire transport king of the territory, steam gingerly along a dredged chan­ mined ahead of production. But, says is the reason for Namaqualand's not nel. Port Nolloth is the only privately Daantjies Scholtz, one-time MP for feeling the credit squeeze. operated harbour in Southafrica. It Namaqualand, in the last eight years Boom, bang! The copper industry is owned by the Consolidated Dia­ there has been no major mineral dis­ in Namaqualand has not always been mond Mines, and the 5,000 tons of covery — and even die mining offi­ so .stable. The purchase of the farm cargo landed there every month make cials admit cautiously that develop­ Melkboschkuil in 1850 by the Cape it a busier port than Mossel Bay. ment of reserves has fallen behind. firm of Phillips & King set off a Glitter from afar. Yet it is an in­ Scholtz, a reputed mineral millionaire scramble for concessions and shares credibly lonely frontier post on the himself, claims that the OCC is spend­ that became hysterical. Nine-tenths of chill ocean. The town too, is almost ing R750,000 a year on prospecting, the population of Capetown dabbled owned by CDM. Harbour superin­ largely without result. Other pros­ in the gaudy speculations that fol­ tendent Norman Comyn is the mayor. pectors have spent money and drawn lowed. Scrip auctions were even held Among the houses sprawled at ran- blanks. "The minerals are inaL'nificent on the Parade. When the bubble burst, many people were severely hurt. The mining trail. Those who stuck it out, however, were well rewarded. When the Cape Copper Company ceased operations in 1917, the Cape Argus reported a dividend of R550 per R20 .share over the past fifty years. Today the entire territory shows the scars, and sometimes the past glories, of the copper boom. At O'okiep stand the remnants, rusting only slightly in the hyper-dry air, of loco­ motives with names like Murray and COM KOOIJIL \>lt.-,i,. VVU'H SON GYS AND KARAKUL SKINS ON DRYING RACKS, CHATTING WITH NEIGHBOUR Hibernia that once pulled copper Timeless people in a land Time is catching up on trains over the mountains and down to the sea at Port Nolloth. Before dom across the dunes, the only ones samples," declares Scholtz. "But they them, the trucks were pulled by re­ in recognisable streets are those be­ never occur in quantity." On the other lays of mules. And before that, in longing to CDM employees. Diver­ hand, OCC men and Joe Jowell are turn, the ore went down to the sea sions chiefly centre on the salt pan optimistic of a long future for at Hondeklip Bay by mule and ox outside the town, where the seven- copper. wagon. Now the narrow-gauge rails member golf club has a twelve hole Rainfall and flowers. If they are stand vertical and carry the O'okiep course with salt fairways and greens. wrong, there remains only one hope, Copper Company (OCC) high ten­ Other sports also take place on the and that a forlorn one. If the poten­ sion lines. Port Nolloth still exists as salt, which in addition is the air­ tially fertile Richtersveld could be the entrepot for cargo destined for field. irrigated, it is claimed, it could be There are very few other places in intensively farmed. But without de­ Namaqualand where the diamond con­ salinating the Atlantic's water, at in­ cessionaires are loved. Although the conceivable cost, no .source of water entire coastline between the Olifants for a project of such a scale can be and the Orange is diamondiferous. foreseen. Namaqualand has seen little benefit of Ordinary dryland farming is pre­ it. So incensed did the Namaqua- carious enough. When the average landers become in 1928 that they rainfall of about five inches a year is raised a commando and stormed the received on the slopes of the Kamie.s- Alexander Bay diggings, with Manie berg, farmers can eke out a crop of Maritz, a leader of the 1915 rebellion, hardy wheat. This year the rains riding at their head. A police force never came, and even the famous stopped them and turned them back, daisies were only sparsely in evidence. allegedly after promises of a squarer Only at Grootvlei was the ground deal for Namaqualand were given. covered with an iridescent mass of But the deal never materialised, and blowing gold, making believable now the big days of diamond dis­ claims of fifty-square-mile patches of covery are past. Everyone is pessi­ yygies, goushlomme, gansogies and mistic that another big strike may be kalkoent'jies that appear after an ex­ made. ceptional season. SPRINGBOKS DAANTJIES SCHOLTZ The cupboard bare? Sadly, a large Failing some miracle of nature or One-shot finds question mark hangs over the future government, the flowers seem to be the diamond fields at Alexander Bay, of Namaqualand. After the OCC re­ Namaqualand's trump card before it about sixty miles north, and those at started the mines in 1937, making use goes the way of the Sandvelders. Kleinzee, the same distance south. of modern methods to work lower- Namaqualand, however, has made suc­ Hardly more than an indentation in grade copper ore, prospects seemed cessful comebacks before. And it the coastline, into which the little bright. Scientific geological surveying hasn't even taken a count in this coasters of Thesen's Steamship Line kept proved ore reserves still to be round yet.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 27 [J Anew 1W' 1 IIMIM'I Plan assures you positive capital growth I

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Balance of Fixed t of your Fixed Over five years your Dividend earned Over five years, the Deposit interest MatutJty value This represents eposit interest Over five years total investment in on Subscription total income on invested in Sub­ a return per Qu elect to be this amounts m Subscription Shares Shares free of of Subscription your investment You invest ^ scription Shares annum D( aid per linnum amounts to Stiares amaiints to (per annum) Income Tax RIOOO ''R41.0 0 R205.00 R24.00 R120.00 R19.00 R139.00 R344.00 6.88% fnr R iiffsircl ^ R29.00 R145.00 R36.00 R180.00 R28.50 R208.50 R353.50 7.07% •ui «i ycaioi^H R17.00 R85.00 R48.00 R240.00 R38.00 R278.00 R363.00 7.26% ,^H R5.00 R25.00 R60.00 R300.00 R47.50 R347.50 R372.50 7.45% Subscription Share dividenils are payable out of available profits anil the rate may be varied from time to time. The calculations shown above are based on the present rate of 6% pa.

Full details from any branch or LARGEST SOUTH AFRICAN BUILDING SOCIETY agency of ASSETS R580,000,000 RESERVES R28,000,000 Entirely controlled and operated by South Africans for South Africa Oniteb WK 4061/1

29 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, \

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 if For reliability and low maintenance cost order T-f Boilers and Raymond Bowl Mills ALL TYPES OF STEAM GENERATING, FUEL BURNING AND RELATED EQUIPMENT; NUCLEAR REACTORS; PAPER MILL EQUIPMENT; PULVERIZERS; FLASH DRYING SYSTEMS; PRESSURE VESSELS. COMBUSTION ENGINEERING AFRICA (PTY.) LTD. 1 P.O. BOX 6121 JOHANNESBURG 30 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 PROSPECTING vclopcd in the US and in Cjcniiany BOHLENECK in the 1930s, and further refined From picks to planes during WWII for use in submarine in the Duplicating Room By now, most of the world's out­ detection, magnetometers consist basic­ Major commercial and marketing cropping mineral deposits have been ally of a flux gate — two parallel organisations have become important users discovered, and there remain only the coils which produce a voltage when of litho duplicating presses in the last completely buried underground re­ they are placed in a magnetic field. decade. These plants, easily run by semi­ sources. Prospecting has thus gone This voltage is then monitored to give skilled labour, save the endless delays beyond the old pick and shovel men, magnetic readings. At first the mag­ caused by pulling out duplicating work to even a little beyond geologists. It is now netic field of the carrier plane itself jobbing printers (who are seldom geared the field of geophysicists. Two main caused interference, and the magneto­ for this typo of operation) and reduce exploration methods of geophysicists meters had to be towed hundreds of printing costs on short-run (up to 100) are the gravity and the seismic tech­ feet away from the aircraft in bomb­ orders. Company-wide memos, staff maga­ like "birds". Now however, ingenious zines, general inter-office stationery, forms niques. The first is dependent on the of all kinds, reprints of news items and fact that massive ore bodies are often compensating devices are po.sitioned around the plane so that the magneto­ magazine stories, staff-instruction booklets, heavier than the surrounding rock and operation manuals, price lists; all these consequently cause higher gravity meter can be fixed to a rear boom. things, calling for instant printing more values at a point above them. This Even where there are no large ore often than not. are produced on the spot can be measured with a super-sensitive deposits, the geomagnetic readings with small litho presses—a wonderful way gravity meter (accurate to one part vary from place to place according of saving time and money. In most businesses the major bottleneck is the preparation of the plates. With presses turning out 100 copies a minute, plate-making equipment can seldom keep pace with demand. A new development which is expected to overcome this problem is the Ttek Plate- master which turns the original copy—a printed page, drawing, typescript, half-tone photograph, picture cut from a magazine or paste-up of any combination of these— into a litho plate in 30 seconds. The Platemaster is a complete darkroom- camera combination (needing only seven by four-and-a-half feet of floorspace) that works in normal room light. Apart from AERO SERVICE PLANE WITH REAR END MAGNETOMETER choosing a reduction or enlargement factor Sjioiriiii; the goods for the machine, all the "skill" needed is in a million). In the .second method, to the structures of base rocks and in pressing a button. No daily clean-up is a seismic device analyses sound waves overlying sediments. Oil is found only necessary either. Secret of the equipment which pass through the earth and vary in certain sedimentary configurations is revolutionary Kodak Verilith Paper in intensity according to tlie type ol which can be inferred from a know­ ("supplied in rolls to avoid waste) which is material which reflects them. ledge of the surrounding rock. Thus sensitive enough to reproduce each of the magnetometers can pick out forma­ dots making up a magazine photograph The wider view. But these two. and (this means that real "photographic" re­ other less-used methods, are slow. tions likely to contain oil. Last week production is possible without the cost of Aerial surveying seemed to be the .lohannesburg's Map Studio Produc­ a specialist platemaker). answer. But since gravity counters are tions announced that it will link up "confused" by an aircraft's motion, with the US's Aero Service Corpora- The plates can print 5.00O copies and and seismic signals lose energy when lion to do magnetometer surveys in more. Kodak Verilith material becomes they pass from ground to air, neither Southafrica. Aero Service, a subsidiary the offset litho plate in only 30 seconds. system could be used from the air. of Litton Industries, recently did a There are three Ttek "Platemaster" units Hence the development of the airborne va.st independent magnetometer sur­ available, priced from R3.575. To see a magnetometer. vey of the North Sea, then sold the demonstration of these remarkable machines geomagnetic maps to the dozens of contact your Kodak Graphic Arts Repre­ The earth is surrounded by a weak sentative at: Cape Town, P.O. Box 735, magnetic field, varying in strength North Sea concession holders. Backed by Aero Service, Map Studio hopes to Phone 45-1101; Johannesburg, P.O. Box between .2 and .7 oersteds (an ordi­ 763. Phone 724-1751; Durban, P.O. Box nary horseshoe magnet can produce do the same for the upcoming oil 1645. Phone 66791: Bloemfontein. P.O. a field of over 1,000 oersteds). Min­ search off Southafrica's coasts (see Box 326, Phone 4778: Port Elizabeth, P.O. eral concentrations usually have mag­ MINING & FINANCE), and will even Box 3296. Phone 28640; East London. P.O. netic properties which produce signifi­ offer an improved rubidium magneto­ Box 586. Phone 2940. cant distortions in this field. And meter — instead of using a flux gate, these distortions can be measured at magnetism will cause the protons in KODAK (S.A.) (PTY.) LTD., speed from thousands of feet up, and rubidium vapour to "wobble". A "Kodak", "Verilirh" and "Itck Plale- huge areas surveyed in a day. measurement of this will point the way mastcr" are registered trademarks. Groundwork for the goods. De- to the wealth even more accurately.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 31 LIVING mmiiiiiiiii niiiiuiiiiFJiiiiiiiiimiini

Exercise in exorcism At R4.20 per sq in she is cheaper than Andre Simon, any plastic surgeon. On the other hand, being a qualified nursing sister, world wine authority, she has the necessary medical know- how. And so customers, who want to rid themselves of the betes bleiis on describes Vlottenheimer: their epidermis, come at a rate of about 2,000 a year to the city centre ^an outstanding wine ^ salon of Christine Blondell, a Johan­ nesburg beautician who holds down the job of de-tattoer as a sideline. II faut souffrir. French-born Mme Blondell learned her art in Achilles, Illinois, where she also became the possessor of an American Professional Tattoo Artists' diploma. "De-tattoo-

DE-TATTOOING IN PROGRESS Very jaundiced oullook ing," she says, "is a serious business." Her clients agree, for the operation is a painful one. It involves painting the tattooed area with zinc chloride, which acts as a mild acid, and then injecting it into the skin with an electric tattoo­ ing machine. "The acid looks for the ink under the skin," explains Mme Blondell, "and in two or three days, brings it to the surface in the form of a scab." When the scab falls off, it leaves a bad scar. After a year, the scar can be re-tattooed with a vegetable (s\^ dye blended to tone in with the sur­ rounding skin, so that a barely per­ ceptible mark is the ultimate result. entiettner ^'^'— The operation is not without its Dry Riesling Kabinet Q Selected Riesling Q Sylviner D Honigberg Q Schlossberg dangers, and can be fatal for those who have suffered from either dia­ irag/tiR betes or jaundice. Mme Blondell covers herself by requiring all clients to sign an indemnity form which absolves her from blame if anything goes wrong. Most of her customers claim to have been tattooed in a moment of madness

32 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 — but not all. Last week two women that the ball runs straight and true, customers had their tattoos removed — getting it into the pot is no cinch even one who is getting divorced from her for experienced golfers. There are tattooi.st husband, the other a bride-to- corners to be gone around, humps to be whose fiance sent her in post-haste negotiate, water splashes to avoid, and to have a list of her former boyfriends most fiendish of all, the revolving removed from her arm. Omar Khayyam blades of a miniature Dutch windmill would have been surprised to learn that to be got through. But what really the past can be erased at R4.2() per fools the tyros is the speedy pace of sq in. the carpet plus the location of many holes atop mounds and on slopes. This means that a fraction-too-hard shot GAMES which mis.ses the hole has the ball Big time small game skating down the other side of a hump "You drive for show but you putt for or ricocheting from the rear bump dough," said top golfer Ben Hogan in board and trickling gently back to its his heyday. But ever since South- starting point. All holes in Putt-Putt africa's first Putt-Putt course was are rated par two, but a rule of the opened in Seapoint a year ago, South- course is that after six strokes a player africans have been putting alone, and must mark a seven on his card and paying to do it. When Putt-Putt's in­ go on to the next hole. It happens ventor, ex-insurance agent Don Clay­ often. ton of the US (he thought up the game Holing out buttoned up. Yet despite while recuperating from ulcer trouble the chances of going wrong, low scores in 1954) flew into Southafrica to open on the 18-hole, par 36 courses, can be SHAPIN(. IP AT (.RKEN POINT the Republic's newest course at Boks- achieved. In the LIS the lowest un­ . . . SO ^o ahead and try hurg this week, it signified that some­ official round is twentv; officially the thing like LSD was coming to the best score is 21. Southafrica is close than forty, qualifies for membership north. Moreover, the addiction is to this mark already, a Stellenbosch of the Professional Putt-Putt Asso­ spreading rapidly: with four courses professional, Willem Basson. having ciation. This means that he can enter already in the Western Cape, others shot a 22 in a practice round. Tt is for the pro prizes, which go up to are a-building at Port Elizabeth, East the possibility of getting down to such R500, at the numerous Putt-Putt tour­ London and Mossel Bay. The eventual figures that keeps people coming back naments. Says Tom Breed, full-time aim of PP's backers. Merican Enter­ for round after round at 30c a time. Boksburg pro: "Plenty of 13/14 han­ prises, is 64 courses throughout the Monotony is minimised, since most dicap amateur golfers are turning to Republic. Putt-Putt, because in it they have the PP set-ups offer three different courses, chance to win the boodle they could A tender touch. Putt-Pult has simi­ each with its own clutch of obstacles never hope for on a full-blown golf larities to both crazy and miniature to overcome. There are other induce­ course." golf. Tt is played on short "greens" ments. Frequent announcements are made of plastic-based nylon carpets made over the public address system Amateurs are not left out of the picture. They can also compete in tournaments or trophies, and other gimmicks are aimed at building up the prestige of the game. There are special badges (to be worn on PP shirts if desired) for players who shoot below 30, and even more special roundels for those who get down to a magic 25. Fame on the carpet. Even the kids are included in promotional schemes. PP managers offer a "Putt-Putt birth­ day party," at which party guests are given the run of the course for two hours of an afternoon at 40c a head. A candy bar and soft drink for each guest is included, while the celebrant NOCTURNAL PUTT-PUTT, MUIZENBERG receives a PP cake. You think it's easy ... The American slickness of such enclosed by low wooden "bump by the full-time pro in attendance ploys may disturb those who believe boards". Standard golf putters and "that anyone scoring a hole-in-one any­ in spontaneity in sport. But they are balls are used to deal with the weird where on the course will win one free obviously in a minority. In the Cape obstacles of the course. PP however, pass to Putt-Putt." In addition, any­ courses have queues even in the off­ is far more .sophisticated than any­ one who scores a hole-in-one on each season. And even though brawny thing else yet devised, anti organised of the eighteen holes of a course within rugby fans may sneer that Putt-F^Jtt on a business basis, is run on a grand 45 days receives 15 free pas.ses to PP. is no man's game, it was by chasing a scale. Tlic lure of lucre is there too. A little ball inU) a little hole' that Gary It is an instantly captivating game, player willing to fork out R7 and Player became a national hero. Rem­ for while the absence of nap means capable of returning ten scores of less ember?

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 33 In the Austrian Alps Photo by courtety o1 th« Austrian Stat* Tourllt Dipartmtnl Make tracks for Europe - itls at its best right now I Deep snow, crisp air, concerts, festivals . . . resorts is only forty-five jet minutes from this is the time when Europe enjoys itself Frankfurt, centre of Lufthansa's world airlinks most. When it dresses up for concerts and . . . two hops, one stop from South Africa. lets its hair down for fun. When Germany is It's our low fare season now I So ask your a winter playground, and the Alps and lATA Travel Agent to book you on a Black Forest are a skier's paradise. Lufthansa long-range Boeing Jet . . . and m Munich, cultural centre of modern Germany make your own tracks in Europe, just and nearest jet port to Europe's fabled winter 12^ hours after leaving Johannesburg. You're at home all over the world with Lufthansa jffiS® in partnership with SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS

34 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 EDUCATION :iiiiiiiiii!ii;iiiiil!liiiiil!ii;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:ii:iiiii;iiliiii:i;!i:.ii:ii:ii!iiiii!iiii:ii iniiiiiiiiiiii:»:iiiliiiiiiiii!i!:iiiiiiiiniii:iiiiilliiiiiliii:ii!iiiiiiiiiiiiliii!ii'iiiiiniiiiiliiiiiiii^ DON'T BE British educationist Zolton Dienes to Showing "em what help younger children grasp mathe­ VAGUE Besides chalk and a bamboo cane, old- matical concepts. His "multi-base time teachers used to have very little arithmetic blocks", for instance, are lo help them to inculcate the three Rs. small wooden cubes which can be used But the modern knowledge explosion in various combinations. Three placed has blown in as a by-product a multi­ in a straight line show what "three to plicity of teaching aids which make the power of one" means; nine learning more interesting, and by that arranged in a square demonstrate the token, more effective. Yet all too concept of y- and 27 in a cube that often, knowledge and use of liiese aids of 3''. lag a long way behind their availability. Among new equipment exhibited for One remedy for the situation was de­ high school pupils was the "Basic monstrated in Johannesburg's Simon Physics Kit". Widely used in Ger­ Kuper Hall last week, when an "Edu­ many, each kit (it folds up into a cational Fair" showed not only the small suitcase) contains 150 parts, teachers, but also the general public, a which can be used to perform 210 full range of up-to-the-minute educa­ physics experiments, ranging from tional aids. measurement of volume through to Science, young and old. The notion optics. Tt retails at R295. As for elec­ started with the Parent-Teachers' tric aids, the micro-projector — a A.ssociation of the Oxford Nursery microscope which throws enlarged ASK FOR

AT THE FAIR Icacliiiig's answer to cdiiccilioiiiil leys .School in the city"s northern suburbs. images of slides on to a screen - is Wanting to stage an exhibition of the ideal for crowded science labs, but at school's work, they called in the aid present is little used in Southafrican HAIG'S of Miriam Lazarus of Play and School­ schools. '""•ID •UX-'t^H -V«H«' room, a Rosebank firm specialising in Expo in extenso. Accompanied by educational equipment. Having visited. lectures from experts on subjects such and been inspired by. an international as remedial education and the Initial Didacta educational exhibition in Teaching Alphabet, used for helping Basle earlier this year, she expanded tinies to read, the fair met with such a the original idea to embrace all age respon.se that it was kept open for groups, and invited other firms pro­ three days instead of the two originally ducing educational aids to participate. planned. Visitors came from far As a result, the Simon Kuper Hall was afield, and Mrs Lazarus reports that crammed with exhibits ranging from she has been asked to stage similar washable teddy bears lo sophisticated exhibitions in Kimberley and Cape­ language laboratories. town. The extension of the exhibition idea is fine — as long as laymen Ye«—enjoy Scotland's oldest and Some of the teaching aids displayed most tlistlngulshed whisky ... famous are revolutionary as far as Southafrica realise it points a way not only to as 1v back as 1627. is concerned. Foremost among these more easy, but as well to more mean­ are the "perceptual aids" evolved by ingful learning. HAIG IN EVERY HOME

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 35 ENTERTAINMENT SPECTACLE At vast expenditure, we present . . . ANITA At oppcsile end.s of Soulhafrica, theatre has gone in for the .slogan: If you gotta do it, do it big. In Capetown, the Burke-Brick hill Non-Stop \Iinstrel Scandals (Alhani- bra) combines ZiegCeld and zing-zing. It costs RI5(),{)()(), has girlies in ostrich plumes, a swing that takes singer Janette Neale far out over the S C M audience; it has rain and snow on stage, ingenuities like hilariously mix­ ing live performers with back-project­ ed movies, like flickering light on the stage to imitate an old time silent, rhe music is tuneful — and nostalgic (Ain't she sweet?. Side by side,, Har­ SIEIVIAE vest moon, that sort of thing) — and the turns, mostly local, are far from parochial in their talent. Bobby Dennis, a fast-talking comedian who exercises the audience's intelligence as well as STEPS TO his tongue; Jack Conn and a poker- faced foil, Julie; slick lightning- 3 sketchers, the Palettes, who begin sug­ OFFICE EFFICIENCY gestively but end respectably — Here's a team of office efficiency experts that these are good. But best is undoubted­ don't talk back, they just get on with the job. ly comedienne Penny Nicholls, who Why don't you make a date to meet them can range from jet-plane raucous to for the sake of better business. Sally-f,oppy as Gracie Fields wallow­ ing in Now is the Hour. Simple pleasures. Tn Johannesburg, ANITA The world's first desk electronic Around the World in 80 Days (Civic computor instantaneous, silent and simple Theatre), depends much more on to operate. looking than listening for its pleasures. The music is easily forgettable and so is the singing. The story will only ^[^ff CORONASTAT^'^ be interesting to anyone who didn't see the film. But 80 Days is just the The most modern method of copying yet devised. No thing for the innocent who enjoys a negatives, no wastage, every copy perfect and dry. multitude of improbable .stage effects - London's Reform Club trans­ 5IEIV1AE The complete invoicing formed before his eyes into a bistro, machine with built-in memory — either punch card interior sets becoming exteriors and or tape. All calculations executed with electronic so forth, the balloon ride over the swiftness. orchestra pit. Such an innocent must also relish a huge slew of costumery for its own sake, a complex of ideas that has Japanese peasants in cloth :w:n.ijiii.vis of gold and Red Indians with tattoo- ings of sequins. Anthony Farmer W. H. DAVIS LTD., BOX 5392, JOHANNESBURG offers it innocently, and very pleasant Please send me full details of; it all is. 21 Loveday Street Ext., n ANITA D SCM 44 D SIEMAG THEATRE Name. A gaggle of gargoyles P.O. Box 5392 Most Johannesburg critics reacted Johannesburg. Company. with howls of indignation to Bill Macllwraith's The Anniversarj' (Alex­ 836-4101 Address. ander Theatre). Difficult to see why. On the surface a horrid story of a Kjnj/on'a 946311 mum who dominates her three boys (and such female attachments as they

36 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 have), it can only be objected to if Ros.souw extracts from a role all the characters are seen as real. They that mere .stage-craft requires (his are not. Over-sculpted gargoyles, they drunken bumbling is a dance of deli­ WHAT ARE YOU are merely excuses for the kind of cate timing and very funny), and READING? jokes most people make in private adding with the carefulness and the but wouldn't care to be heard making careless generosity of a great actor, a publically. vibration of suggested darkness and Is this a Borrowed Copy Cage of vultures. The jokes are melancholy. Between them, Krige and of very funny, and if the audience finds Rossouw make their twenty minutes them objectionable, they yet laugh a long stretch of real life. Ham on wry. Filling out the bill is Krige's translation of Moliere's l.e NEWS/CHECK? Medecin malf^re liii (here Dr Teen- Wil-en-Dank), directed by Francois If it is, tliere is an advantage to Swart as a lickety-spit racini; romp. be gained by subscribing to No room for .subtlety in this sharp NEWS/CHECK and having satire on 17th century doctors, and copies delivered direct to your nine PACT actors ham around on a home or office. The news notably ingenious set. extracting the comes more quicidy. heady juice of laughter from a piece best hammed anyway. Louw Verwey, Subscribe by filling in the Marga van Rooy. James Norval, card in this issue. F'ranz Marx are particularly enjoyable to watch. Depending for its niceties on intim­ acy, this offering by PACT is not one of their most ambitious presentations. HAMILTON, BKAITHWAITE. SHELLEY IN But it is altogether one of their most "ANNIVERSARY" A carve-up successful. their heads off. They might have been CINEMA funnier yet if the actors could have entered a little more into the swing Hitched up, at half-cock of the play. Helen Braithwaite as the A pleasant evening at the flicks is monstrous mum retains a fatal touch not normally what one expects from of her normal stage lady-likeness; Hitchcock, but Tom Curtain (20th Erica Rogers tries a mite too hard Century-Fox) is just that. Briefly, for a strident wife. Producer Frank Paul Newman wants a solution to a Shelley is nicely bent as the trans- scientific problem. A Red has it, so vestite son. James White and Reinet he pretends to defect, meets the Red, Maasdorp catch most nearly the full gets the secret and comes back. Julie wide-boy notes of the play, and as a Andrews as his fiancee insists on result dominate it. In another kind going along, which muddles things, tediously rather than necessarily. of set-up, Ian Hamilton's bedevilled Terry would be notable: here he is The film, not the lady, vanishes. This too human and believable. is slack Hitchcock. Fie would never allow his hero to be so bumbling in Krige at his best a tauter film, nor would he glaze listen to In a back alley in .Stellenbo.sch, Ben over the monstrous and wasteful BELtS and his buddy, Stoffel, weave around effects of that bumbling. (Easily three the in the moonlight, drunk as lords. They dozen people are killed by Newman's are not lords, however, but fallen ineptness.) In a very average thriller, Welcoming princes: for the time is a year after in fact. Hitch shows the old mettle the war, and Ben and Stoffel are twice: in the killing of the Red Sound finding civvie life, after the fun and security man set to keep an eye on splendour, the wine and women, of Newman (a part perfectly performed ot occupied Italy, flat, tedious, stale and by Wolfgang Kieling), a long and pro­ unprofitable. Out of their long duet, tracted affair that jerks the heart into BELL'S Uys Krige has woven a moving one- the special Hitchcock gallop; and in acter. Die Grootkanonne (Johannes­ a brief encounter with a Polish coun­ burg's Intimate) which is more than tess, played by Lila Kedrova. Hitch­ an ex-soldier's grouch: it is a fare­ cock gives her her head, and to watch well to youngness and irresponsibility, her giggling, fluttering crepe-paper a fxjignant regretting of something eyelids, skittish and desperate all at slipping back into personal history, once, is to see what film acting and no less real for that or for the directing are really about. Of course, brandy fumes that wreathe it round. in the long run, neither she nor the One of the oldest INDEPENDENT murder do much for the rest of the Distillers left in the Scotch The dialogue is fine, and Krige is Whisky Trade, happy in his Ben. Once again Cobus film. They're just too good.

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 37 iiijii;i:ii!iii!,ii:!i:ii,ii,iiiiiii|iiiiiiiiii;i!iiiiiiiiiiBi:iiiijiiii!liiliiliiiiiiJi;ii]iiiiiiiiiii^ "Managers usually handle tour and SPORT personal arrangements and leave the man, who started hitting a ball at cricketing form of their teams in CRICKET five. In 35 tests, he has scored 2,876 the captains' hands." Under Simpson's Bright and early runs. "My mo.st vivid memory is guidance the Australians, who pur- the century I scored in the first test po.sefully arrived two weeks before Bobby Simpson flew into Jan Smuts their opening game (against a Airport with the 15 other members against England at Lords in 1961. I hope to make a lot of runs on this Matabeleland Invitation XI in ot his Australian touring team a fort­ Rhodesia this week) to acclimatise night ago, promising bright cricket. tour too." Lawrey spent his first weekend in Southafrica with pigeon themselves to Southafrican weather. He was soon drilling his men to live have become a well-prepared com­ up to that promise. An indication of fanciers. "Next to cricket, I love pigeons." he says. bination. Especially impressive in the skipper Simpson's control over his Wanderers' nets was left-arm fast team was the query from wicket-keeper ORDON BECKER, wicket-keeper, bowler Jim Hubble, a fair-haired six- Gordon Becker in the Wanderers' G is one of five players in the team footer from Western Australia. Al­ nets last week, when asked to discuss though he has played only six first- the tour: "Is it all right with Bobby?" who have not yet appeared in a test. Thirty years old, he is a meciianical class games, he has pace and direction. In the dressing room after practice There are other top bowlers too. sessions however, the players were engineer and an Australian Rules more relaxed, talked freely about Football umpire. "Outside that, it's From more than a dozen accom­ themselves and the game. plished batsmen, however, Southafrican selectors may choose a team to with- OBBY S1MP.SON, the Captain, is .stand them. The Springboks are an­ B a 30-year-old public relations xious to improve their te.st record officer for a cigarette distributor at against the Aussies: they have won home. He has scored 3,354 runs and only four out of 44 tests, and have taken 37 wickets in 44 tests. In his never been victorious on home recent book Captain's Siory, he critic­ ground. With the Australians keen ised throwing and defensive batting to justify their selectors' accent on and appealed to players to think less youth (average age 27). both sides have the incentive to fulfil Simpson's promise of sparkling cricket. VARIATIONS all cricket. It's a terrific thrill follow­ VASSS with class ing in the shoes of Wally Grout and The touring tennis professionals had Barry Jarman (Australia's wicket- a chance to win even more money keepers until la.st year). It's also a than usual last week, when South- great responsibility." africa's first VASSS tournament came ILL, .lACOBS, the team manager, to Johannesburg's Ellis Park. Whereas has played .senior cricket in Mel­ the prize packets for the previous B meetings were fixed, every point was bourne for twenty years and has been now worth RIO, with no limit. a Victorian state selector since 1959. Managing iiis first touring side, he Same game. When American James of themselves, more of the future of is now following the proven policy Van Alen devised his Simplified tlic game. "Cricket offers many Scoring System in 1957, he planned to rewards," lie said last week, "com­ put more excitement in the game. The panionship, the intrigue of analysing usual system of scoring by games and sets, he declared, slows down play. succes.ses and failures in afler-hours Accordingly, VASSS scoring resembles discussion, uncertainty. You never that of table tennis: each winning shot know what's going to happen." earns one point, and the first player to reach 31 points wins the game. He must, however, win by two points; if the score reaches 30-30, players must decide the best of another eight. Sides are changed after the first five points, and after each succeeding ten, Service changes hands after every five points and, to handicap players with rocket services, the service line is marked of flexible discipline. "You find out three feet behind the baseline. if they're men." he .says of the players. "If you find that they're boys, Earning money for every point, the you try to turn them into men." professionals have given VASSS an added bite. After a year, they have Pros or cons. "The manager-captain adjusted fully, and last week's tourna­ relationship between Jacobs and ment, in which Ken Rosewall whipped ILL LAWRY is a 29-year-old sales­ Simpson is typical." comments ex- Rod Laver 31-26 in the final, pro­ B man and left-handed opening bats- Springbok captain Jack Cheatham. duced two nights of snappy tennis.

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40 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 in Mivambique. While still young, he and his brothers were forced to flee from an offended chief by taking a ship to Capetown, where they arrived in about 1876. Bernard found a job with a white employer, but although he stayed in it for ten years, he never revealed his tribal name, fearing this would expose him to the witchcraft of enemies. At that time the few Africans in Capetown lived in scjualor on the outskirts of the city, and like Bernard, many were pagan. When members of an Angli­ can religious order for men, the Society of St .fohn the Evangelist, decided to do missionary work among them in the 1880s, there was little response at first. One preacher was told by his hearers: "We are too polite to laugh with our faces, but we laugh in our hearts at what you are saying." The SSJE men per- BERNARD'S CROSS servered. and in 1886 reaped the fir.st Suddenly there was light and a sound of fruits of their work when Bernard wings (it was at this time that he took the Theydon. then known simply as name) and six other converts were "Magwendc's" after the name of the baptised. local chief. He soon won the con­ Black to black. Few thought that fidence of the primitive Shona vil­ Bernard, awkward and shy. and a lagers, living in the same spartan style slow learner, would be fit for any­ as they, and learning to speak their thing but menial work. Soon after his language within a year. He gathered baptism, however, he entered Zonne- a band of converts around him, among them a chief's daughter. Mu- bloem College, a multi-racial Angli­ twa, whom he later married. After can school, and after five years of five years at Magwende's, a white study, emerged as a competent lin­ superior wrote that he had "done guist, speaking Enslish and Dutch wonders" there. fluently, as well as eight African dialects. Academic success gave him Bright departure. On the other hand, Bernard quickly fell foul of the local traditionists and nf;anf>

NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 41 BOOKS A touch of atavism For Southafiican readers of Turhotl Wolfe — in the Twenties at any rate — William Plomer was the man who had said the unforgivable. In his first novel Plomer castigated colonial atti­ tudes, poked dark fun at do-gooding liberals and showed no hestitation about breaking the taboo against miscegenation in print. Since those early days, when he worked with Roy Campbell on the now-famous maga­ zine Voorslag, Plomer has become more domesticated. A literary jack-of- all-trades, his late.st is a collection of verse. Taste and Remember (.Fonathan Cape). Apart from one good poem the decline is sadly evident in an atmosphere of tea-drinking gentility. Single song. The satirical ballads that Plomer was so good at in the Thirties — even if they were imita­ tions of W. H. Auden and John Betjeman — are still present. But they no longer sting. Instead they provoke a wan smile: // my grand­ father were alive today/His age IDE BESISOUNG PHROl would he a hundred and forty. The once-powerful imagery shown in Plo- Tlio Shell sign is n si/mbol of Iruc quality. Every proclucl Hist bonrs the Shell sign is the best. When Craig Breedlove recently mer's early poetry (of which The shattered the world land speed record at ()00-6 inph, he relied Scorpion is the best example) has on Shell. In the world of niotor racing, since 1950, more World become tired: Life isn't only a slave Championships have been won on Shell than on all other brands combined. This know-how means that more and more motorists s/iip, a shipwreck: it's also/An out­ will continue to benefit, as they do today, by going Shell — going boat with an outboard motor . . . Supershell Aromax, South Africa's best selling premium petrol. Every drop of Supershell Aromax contains a high proportion of But, suggesting that the weariness Aromatic Hydrocarbons, the most powerful ingredient known and gentility may only be superficial, to the petroleum industry. That's why more and more motorists there is The Taste of the Fruit, an go Shell. elegy on the deaths by suicide in 1965 of the Southafrican writers Ingrid .Tonker and Nathaniel Nakasa. Plomer uses the image of a tree fed by blood, destined to produce "bough-bearing plenty". Let those, he writes, who savour/Ripeness and sweetness/Let tliein taste and remember/Him, her, and all others/Secreted in the juices.

A talk on the wild side Nelson (The Man with the Golden Arm) Algren is a good/bad writer who:se strength lies in his ability to report accurately. A .self-confessed GOWEU-GOSHEU realist, Algren — very much like .John O'Hara — has a carefully staked out territory which over the years he has reduced from a fertile terrain to an eroded dust bowl. While O'Hara's 3767/3 world is one of decayed snobs and rapacious ladies, Algren's is one of decayed dope fiends and rapacious broads. In Notes from a Sea Diary: Hemingway all the way (Andre Deutsch) Algren deserts his native Chicago for the Orient. While Hem-

42 NEWS/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 ingway has very little to do with the took also the architect, the gardener book, junkies and prostitutes still do. and the painter responsible for it. Unintegration. An account of a These three — le Vau, le Notre, le voyage from Seattle to China to Bom­ Brun — created Versailles, and Man- bay to Calcutta, Notes is at its most sart completed it to make it the most readable when Algren recounts his imposing — and of course the most and his shipmates' brawling, drink­ beautiful, agreeable and delicious — ing, gambling and whoring. The palace in Europe, and incidentally to hustling life of Far East ports with create the notion that the French their venality, disease and concupis­ were the only and the final arbiters cence is for Algren a home from of good taste. home, and he sets it all down as glee­ Love knots. Mitford briskly gets fully and as whimsically as only a through the building and the embel­ genuinely innocent American who lishments in a couple of chapters, despises his audience can do. then settles down to chat about the Unfortunately, however, the action creatures who inhabited Versailles: is periodically stopped while Algren the King, his mistresses, his wife, his considers Ernest Hemingway. His tiffspring, his nobles. Flowing end- main thesis is that Papa — Algren les.sly, the scandal ends up by embrac­ too (see BOOKS Oct 21) has Heming­ ing almost anyone with fascinating way as a father figure — was not a vices or po.sition; as most of them fairy, was instead a laureate of the were powerful, the book not only be­ boyishly boisterous world described comes gossip as history, but very much vice versa. For the whole in Notes. But Algren applies this mys­ VERS.^ILLES tique to his own life and makes of French nobility basked (or some­ And oilier, less elaborate, beds brawling, drinking, gambling and times huddled — the accommodation was never enough) at Ver.sailles, and by one, under the time's appalling whoring something other than what medicine, all but a two-year-old (later they simply are. This is a particular the partnerships, both male/female Louis XV) died, most of them horri­ falsification of experience that Hem­ and male/male, become almost inces- bly. Four years later, the Sun King ingway never quite managed. Algren tuou.s, .so entangled are they. Bour­ also went. He had made of his reign should have known better than to mix bons, Contis, Condes all intertwine a play that was nearer to ballet, and his drinks. like springtime snakes, and for the Versailles was his theatre. But the same reason. play was no great drama — only a Gossip as history Grey at the close. Except for some piece written for one special actor. nasty scandals — a whole nest of Neither Louis XV or XIV could In her last novel. Don't Tell Alfred. poisoners was discovered to be mixed make the thing convincing again. Nancy Mitford was definitely sour on up with the upper echelon — Ver- the 20th century. The characters of Most historians treat the Grand the two Love novels*, enchanting Siecle as opera. Mitford makes of it though they were in the Thirties, were Commedia dell' Arte, with the com­ .seen by the Fifties to have become ings and goings of the bit parts almost thorough old bores. The thing was, as fascinating as the lead role. She the flavour had gone out of mere does not quite pull it off, for the gossip; the champagne was flat. In book's many portraits belie her. The The Sun King (Hamish Hamilton) beautiful, agreeable and delicious Mitford is as hooked as ever on women are mostly fat, at best plump: gossip, but this time she is writing as for Louis, his pictures show that of Versailles under Louis XIV. he early took on the look of a nanny Stripped of anything so sober as a who has spotted a disagreeable smell. concern for the history of big move­ He never lost it. ments. Sun King will likely revive the Mitford cult, for Louis' court, not Monument of tlie century to mention himself, easily bids, as dis­ After fifty writing years and some played by Mitford, to outdo any of 99 books I. B. Priestley's newest. The the characters of her novels. Moments and other Pieces (Heine- Gimme! Beautiful, agreeable, deli­ mann), maintains his tradition of cious are Mitford's key words here LOUIS XIV ruminative good sense. The modern as before. Admittedly the central Love among the lop dogs world is mildly dispaproved of, mainly character — a kind of supra-regal sailles began swimmingly, a long fete because of its lack of honest crafts­ Farv — was none of these. He was galante. But its end was sad. Louis manship, its paucity of gaiety and its an ogre, a sort of Henry VIII only in turned religious, married Madame de surrender to Madison Avenue. Con­ a peruke and with marvellous man­ Maintenon. three years older than he trasted with this is the presumably ners. As Henry disgraced Wolsey and and terribly pious; and after decades idyllic existence of the Edwardians. pinched Hampton Court, so Louis, of having his own way in Europe, Surprisingly, however, Priestley looks invited to a party at Vaux-le-Vicomte. he was faced with national bankruptcy to radical political and social change the house of his finance minister and military defeat. .Above all, the to bring about a tolerable imitation Fouquet, disgraced the man, took the succession, secured in a son. a grand­ of the millenium. Only culturally, he house, and going better than Henry. son and two great-grandsons was notes of himself, is he a conserva­ *Love in a Cold Cli^nate. The Parsu-it of Love. wiped out in eleven months, as one tive.

NEV/S/CHECK 4 NOVEMBER, 1966 43 LETTERS" Classificatory kicks In the dumps Sir. — I think your article "Taking Sir, — In your story on the miners' bask in the off the Blinkers" (COVERSTORY, Oct troubles {SOUTHAFRICA, Oct 21), you 21) left out one sort of Southafrican blithely describe "the situation of who seems to me to be coming for­ thousands of day's pay white workers ward increasingly in our society — on the gold mines" as not "really the sort of man who couldn't give a happy". It is a statement typical of benevolence damn about English or Afrikaans. the whole tenor of your article, in He is the man who can speak both which you hardly mentioned the languages equally well, and really black mineworkers (of whom there isn't bothered by the petty differences are many more than the whites). Let of this fine that still exist. I think the true dif­ us not pretend that the "unhappine.ss" ference is really between these who of the white miners has nothing to think and those who refuse to. do with the blacks. Everyone knows that the white miners fear that the S. Whittaker. blacks will put them out of jobs. Salisbury. old brandy Rhodesia. L. Caldridge, Sir, — I am not a true cliffhanger. Johannesburg. which explains why I did not react The situation is not so simple. Much with a "Humph!" to your survey of of the steam behind the miners' dis­ leadership groups in Southafrican pute concerned purely the relation of politics. I .share many of the cliff- the white miners among themselves, hangers' characteristics: T admire The and to the employers. Also, many, New Statesman, Alan Paton and perhaps the majority, of white miners Gotterddmmerung, believe in calling are so skilled that they do not fear blacks Africans and go through spells the use of black labour. Ed. of mental depression. 1 also tend to The prime object hate anything vaguely Nationahst, am Sir, — The foggy contribution of Mr annoyed at the way Southafrica goes Rory Donnellan (OUTLOOK, Oct 21) ahead and, in my blackest moments, indicates that the English-speaking envisage its collapse with glee. But I supporters of separate development feel no kinship with other political have had ju.st as little success in their groups in which this rancour could gropings for a justification for the have taken root. I have no wealth, and policy as their Afrikaans counterparts. I certainly have no wish to dine with To take just one point, that of the Harry Oppenheimer. Although I am question of consent. Donnellan claims descended from English immigrants, 1 it to be "a gigantic red herring", and have no spiritual links with England, says the real question is: "What, no nostalgia for the British Empire, objectively, is the best practicable and no rosy attitude towards Oxford. pattern of development of .South­ F. Keatling, africa?" But who determines what is Capetown. the best practicable pattern? Hundreds of groups and individuals in South­ Spot on africa claim that they have "objec­ Sir, — Congratulations on your new tively" hit on that pattern. But the IN VIEW features. Under one of your people who have the opportunity to India pictures (WORLD/CHECK, Oct put their theories into practice are 21), you mention that religious those who have the support of the scruples have to be overcome to majority of the electorate — in other popularise birth control. I notice that words the policy applied is that which the woman doctor on the poster who finds the greatest degree of consent says "Limit your family" has a Hin­ among the populace. This is a purely du caste mark on her forehead. The arbitrary method of choosing between campaign does seem to be shrewd. different policies, but being fallible H. Rennie. human beings, it is the best we can do. Johannesburg. .And if we do less than the best — Sir. — I must congratulate you on by imposing the will of a minority, your pictorial IN VIEW innovation. however well-intentioned, on a major­ Though I could .seldom fault NEWS/ ity — the taint of injustice clings. CHECK on quality, I have always felt that you were too often too serious. "Pro Populi", Your news-in-pictures makes light Johannesburg. reading, and balances your magazine Reader Pro Populi in fact merely very nicely. underlines Donnellan's point. Ed.

.». Mitchly. All political matter in this issue by Otto Kraujc, Durban 42 Marsholl Street, Johannesburg.

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