DOCSLIB.ORG

Southernnumber I Af RICA $1.25 January 1980

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Southernnumber I Af RICA $1.25 January 1980 Volume Xlll SOUTHERNNumber I Af RICA $1.25 January 1980 Tanzania 8shs. Mozambique 35esc. BECOME A SUSTAINER OF SOUTHERN AFRICA MAGAZINE and receive a speciai gift of your choice The US State Department is a Southern readers had already found that out in 1975. Africa subscriber, but that rarely seems to af The magazine has been bringing you reliable fect department thinking on southern Africa. news, analysis and exclusive reports for many October 1979 news of a secret State Depart years now. But our kind of journalism does not ment report on Cuba-Angola links made us lend itself to huge corporate grants-we've wonder whether officials might have started been too busy exposing corporate involvement reading their copies to help sort out their posi in South Africa, for instance. And so the tion on Africa. The report conceded that Fidel magazine depends heavily on the support of its Castro was no Soviet puppet, and had not readers. As costs rise it is becoming increas been under Soviet orders when he sent Cuban ingly difficult to keep publishing. Help ensure troops to help Angola drive out South African the future of Southern Africa by becoming a invaders in the first months of independence. sustainer for $30 or $50 per year, and we will But the State Department must have been us send you a gift, as well as your copies of the ing back issues of Southern Africa. Our magazine. Become a sustainer for $50.00 per year and you will receive a year's subscription to Southern Africa plus a choice of one of two important new Monthly Review Press books just published in hardback. The Political Economy of Race and Class In South Africa Fighting by Bernard Magubane TwoColonialisms A detailed and historical analysis of the interrelationship between race and class and of the social and economic in forces that underlie their development. Essential reading for followers of events in southern Africa. Save $18.50 k Fighting Two Colonialisms: Women in Guinea-Bissau - ,by Stephanie Urdang The author is a long time member of the Southern Africa [h- collective. The book, based on visits to the liberated 1A litical Lc ( )mv zones and to the independent country, traces the par (4Race anC l(a( s ticipatton of women in the armed struggle against Por in ,')uth Africa tuguese colonialism and their own struggle for liberation lkrnard ~.takh,,.-</c \laguhi within the context of the total revolution. Save $16.50. Become a sustainerlor $30.00 per year and you will receive a year's subscription to Southern Africa plus your choice of Black as I Am, a beautiful book of poetry by Zindzi Mandela (daughter of Nelson Mandela, ANC leader jailed for life) with photographs of South Africa by Peter Magubane or an attractively designed T-shirt with the Southern Africa magazine logo set against the continent. White T-shirt, brown logo. l I wish to become a sustainer and enclose $50 I enclose Please send me my choice of: Li Urdang; "Fighting Two Colonialisms" Li Magubane; "The Political Economy of Race and Class in Name South Africa Address Li I wish to become a sustainer and enclose $30 Please send me my choice of: zip code Li T-shirt [- medium l large send to: Southern Africa, Li Black as I Am 17 W. 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011 SOUTHERN A RICA Volume XII Number I January 1980 CONTENTS ZIMBABWE 14 New Constitution Deeply Flawed 15 Settlement Signed 18 Keeping Rhodesia Flying SPECIAL REPORTS 4 Advocates for Africa on NAMIBIA Capitol Hill 19 More Delays on Settlement 7 US Press Coverage of Southern Africa-Inadequate, Infrequent SOUTH AFRICA and Insufficient 20 ANC/Buthelezi Meeting 8 Black Press Weaknesses Rumored 21 War Widens-But Some PHOi 0 NEWS Soldiers Rebel 16 A Year of Struggle 22 Screws Tighten on "Illegal Workers" CHRONOLOGY 22 One Man, One Vote? Never, 28 A Review of the Year-1979 Says Botha 22 New Security Chief UNITED STATES 22 Police Station Attacked 10 McGoff Comes Out Ahead 23 Golden Glitter 10 Saturday Evening Postscript 23 Israeli Connection Growing 11 Savimbi Arrives With Open 25 A Decade of Misinformation: Hands South Africa's Ten Year Effort 12 Promises Promises-US to Build its Image in the US Corporations in South Africa 12 South African Engineers at DEPARTMENTS Nuclear Lab 2 Update 13 Bank Funds South African 13 Washington Notes Arms Deal 31 Action News and Notes Front Cover, Michael Scurato Members of the Southern Africa collective who contributed to the production of this Southern Africa Is available on microfilm through University Microfilm Zerox Company, Issue: Michael Beaubien, Jennifer Davis (Editor), Truman Dunn, Bill Hartung, Craig Ann Arbor, Mich. 68206, and is listed in the Alternative Press Index. Howard, Richard Knight, Edgar Lockwood, Andrew Marx, Malik Reaves, Christine Root, Karen Rothmyer, Mike Shuster, Stephanie Urdang, Jim Welkart Distributors: New York, NY: Emeka, Delhi Distributors; Washington DC: Liberation Infor mation Distribution Co.; Boston, MA: Carrier Pigeon, Third World Distributors. Chicago: Special thanks fortheir assistance to: Africa News, Jim Cason, AnneCrane, Jennifer Link, Guild News Agency; Minneapolis, MN: Rainbow Distribution; St. Paul, MN: Isis News Josh Nessen, David Brooks, Susan Stout, Mike Fleshmen, Rebecca Reiss, Tim Smith, Distribution. John Stobo, Ena Fox. Typesetting by Liberation News Service Cover and layout by The Letter Space ISSN 938-3775 Subscriptions: Individual (domestc)/$1O.00; Institutional$18.00; Individual (foreign)/ $13.00; tnstitutlonallS21.00; Airmail: Africa, Asia, Europel$22.00; South and Central Southern Africa is published monthly except for July-August, when bi-monthly, by the America/$19.50. Southern Africa Committee, 17 West 17th Street, New York, NY 10011. JANUARY 19801SOUTHERN AFRICA 1 Nuclear Meeting Bars increasing tensions between black and white employees. South Africa On November' 19 Ford management South Africa was barred on December 5 (closely in touch with Detroit) declared that from attending the 23rd annual conference anyone who refused to work overtime or of the International Atomic Energy Agen walked off the job would be fired. Ford is cy, a move which may presage its eventual apparently trying to negotiate with the expulsion from the I10-member agency. black union, the (African) United Auto IAEA is the autonomous United Nations Workers, but some black workers now find agency responsible for safeguarding against the union much too moderate. However the ANC Fighter to Hang nuclear proliferation. union has had well-attended meetings in the The move urged by African nations, fol townships to discuss grievances. UAW James Daniel Mange is the second South lowed the September 22 "fireball" mon organized workers at General Tire have also African freedom fighter to be sentenced to itored by the US which, it has been sug been on strike. hang by the South African courts in the gested, was in fact a South African nuclear After the dismissals, community leader past year. The charge? High treason. explosion. Botha sent Ford a letter listing grievances Mange was tried along with eleven other The expulsion was the first in the and asked Ford Detroit to start a Commis members of the African National Congress agency's 'history, and was opposed by 24 sion of Inquiry to look into the situation. on charges of undergoing guerrilla training members including the US, Israel, Italy, By presstime Ford had not responded. abroad, returning to South Africa with the and West Germany. Observers have commented on the high intention of overthrowing the government, level of poltical awareness and solidarity and storing caches of Soviet-made Ford (SA) Faces displayed by the workers in the total weapons. None were charged with murder walkout of the entire black assembly plant and, only one of the defendants was ac Major Labor Dispute workforce. Such actions put in jeopardy cused of actual violence, arising from a bat As the year ended, Ford South Afric. not only jobs and income but also the right tle with the police near the Botswana border found itself the center of the most serious to remain in Port Elizabeth. that left two of his companions dead. labor dispute involving black employees Despite Ford management threats to hire Mange himself was arrested as he headed that has occurred since a wave of strikes in new workers to replace the strikers, as of for the Mozambique border in a car, 1973. In an unprecedented act in late the beginning of December, only 170 of the dressed in priest's robes. He aroused the November, Ford management dismissed strikers had returned to work. And on suspicion of a policeman when he drove 700 black workers who had walked off their December 7, as the dispute continued, through a red light. jobs in an act of solidarity with a fired black South African security police arrested 21 Most of the defendants had been active in employee. Ironically Ford, which employs a blacks as a result of what they termed the 1976 Soweto uprising and were in their total of 3304 blacks and 1979 whites in "labor unrest." early twenties, although their ages ranged South Africa, had worked hard to establish from 20 to 46. a reputation as a leader in industrial race Lesotho Dissidents Mange was not charged with graver of relations. The company had been one of the Flee to fenses than his fellow defendants but was first signatories of the Sullivan principles, singled out nevertheless to die. The others the US designed "equal opportunity" code South Africa received sentences between 13 and 16 years. of conduct for American operations in In an ironic twist of history, members of Mange was the obvious leader of the group, South Africa.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • March 2017 17Th a Religious Holiday
    The Rocket Review Raritan High School’s Official Newspaper 39.6 million people claim to have Irish heritage, The Day of the Irish 127 million people will celebrate the holiday. That By: Thomas Grady is 7 times greater than Ireland’s population! March is a month full of holidays, but one that In Ireland, on the other hand, they did see St. stands out is St. Patrick’s Day. Every March 17th, Patrick’s Day as a religious holiday. In the 1970’s all of America celebrates their Irish heritage. the government would close the pubs in Ireland Though not a national holiday, many people take so they could get the people to go to church and off from work and studies to embrace the Irish pray for St. Patrick. But since the mid-90’s the spirit. The day of St. Pat’s isn’t really a celebra- government made it a joyous holiday, giving it a tion in Ireland, it’s more of a solemn affair. multi day festival in the capital of Dublin. They have festivals, dances, and a parade. Not only Ireland’s patron saint is recognized in America does this happen in Dublin, it happens all around because of Irish immigrants who made March Ireland. Careful because in the first paragraph, 2017 March 17th a religious holiday. The man for whom St. you state that it is serious in Ireland. Patrick’s Day is named was born into an aris- In closing, when you see March 17th coming up tocratic family in Roman Britain around the end in the calendar, grab your leprechaun hat, lucky of the fourth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern 7,5 Afr Ic a Vol
    southern 7,5 afr ic a Vol. IX No.7 August 1976 Whites Still Wield The Guns and Clubs. But for How Long? Vol. IX No. 7 August, 1976 4 OVERVIEW 5 FEATURE South Africa's Propaganda Machine by Barbara Rogers 9 SPECIAL U.S. Shipping: Bolstering South Africa, Exploiting Namibia by Allan D. Cooper 11 SOUTH AFRICA Politics Mass Uprisings in South Africa-One Thousand Killed PAC Members Arrested ANC Members on Trial in Natal Detentions at the University of the North Cl Man Flees New Security Legislation Bantustan Citizenship Other Transkei News Economics Little or No Progress in Companies' South African Policies Heinemann Management Blames Banks the Best Newsbriefs Bantustan Dependency Wage Gap Forever Labor Problems Anglo-American Corporation-Giant Profits Oil Companies Move into the Coal Industry Foreign Affairs The Apartheid-US Dialogue SA Gets Nuclear Help From Its Friends "Middle Level" Power Alliance Detente and Revolt Defense "South Africa's Defence Role": The View from Inside 20 NAMIBIA Death Under the Terrorism Act The Swakopmund Trial and Leaks to the Security Police "No Man's Land" "Terror" International Business in Namibia Turnhalle-The "Constitutional Conference" SWAPO Internal Wing Elects Top Posts i 23 ZIMBABWE Guerilla Attacks Spread and Intensify Smith Uses Chiefs Failure to Stop Guerrillas Mercenaries Sought The "Third Force" 24 A LUTA CONTINUA Guinea-Bissau Inside the Republic On the Foreign Front Cape Verde Cape Verde Ship Joins Bi-Centennial Operation Sail Mozambique Special Mission Reports on Aid to Mozambique Strengthening
    [Show full text]
  • Nopf Leday Hing Up
    Fall 2009 THE KNOPF DOUBLEDAY PUBLISHING GROUP DOUBLEDAY The Knopf NAN A. TALESE Doubleday KNOPF Publishing PANTHEON SCHOCKEN Group EVERYMAN’S LIBRARY VINTAGE ANCHOR THE IMPRINTS OF THE KNOPF DOUBLEDAY GROUP AND THEIR COLOPHONS Catalog, Final files_cvr_MM AA.indd 1 3/5/09 6:48:32 PM Fa09_TOC_FINAL_r2.qxp 3/10/09 12:05 PM Page 1 The Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group Fall 2009 Doubleday and Nan A. Talese.............................................................3 Alfred A. Knopf................................................................................43 Pantheon and Schocken ..................................................................107 Everyman’s Library........................................................................133 Vintage and Anchor........................................................................141 Group Author Index .......................................................................265 Group Title Index ...........................................................................270 Foreign Rights Representatives ........................................................275 Ordering Information .....................................................................276 Fa09_TOC_FINAL.qxp:Fa09_TOC 3/6/09 2:13 PM Page 2 Doubleday DdAaYy Nan A. Talese Catalog, Final files_dvdrs_MM AA.indd 3 3/5/09 6:43:33 PM DD-Fa09_FINAL MM.qxp 3/6/09 3:53 PM Page 3 9 0 0 2 L L FA DD-Fa09_FINAL MM.qxp 3/6/09 3:53 PM Page 4 DD-Fa09_FINAL MM.qxp 3/6/09 3:53 PM Page 5 INDEXF O A UTHORS Ackroyd, Peter, THE CASEBOOK Lethem, Jonathan,
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 48 – Creative Destructor
    Chapter 48 Creative destructor Starting in the late 19th century, when the Hall-Heroult electrolytic reduction process made it possible for aluminum to be produced as a commodity, aluminum companies began to consolidate and secure raw material sources. Alcoa led the way, acquiring and building hydroelectric facilities, bauxite mines, alumina refineries, aluminum smelters, fabricating plants and even advanced research laboratories to develop more efficient processing technologies and new products. The vertical integration model was similar to the organizing system used by petroleum companies, which explored and drilled for oil, built pipelines and ships to transport oil, owned refineries that turned oil into gasoline and other products, and even set up retail outlets around the world to sell their products. The global economy dramatically changed after World War II, as former colonies with raw materials needed by developed countries began to ask for a piece of the action. At the same time, more corporations with the financial and technical means to enter at least one phase of aluminum production began to compete in the marketplace. As the global Big 6 oligopoly became challenged on multiple fronts, a commodity broker with a Machiavellian philosophy and a natural instinct for deal- making smelled blood and started picking the system apart. Marc Rich began by taking advantage of the oil market, out-foxing the petroleum giants and making a killing during the energy crises of the 1970s. A long-time metals trader, Rich next eyed the weakened aluminum industry during the 1980s, when depressed demand and over-capacity collided with rising energy costs, according to Shawn Tully’s 1988 account in Fortune.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pulitzer Prizes 2020 Winne
    WINNERS AND FINALISTS 1917 TO PRESENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Excerpts from the Plan of Award ..............................................................2 PULITZER PRIZES IN JOURNALISM Public Service ...........................................................................................6 Reporting ...............................................................................................24 Local Reporting .....................................................................................27 Local Reporting, Edition Time ..............................................................32 Local General or Spot News Reporting ..................................................33 General News Reporting ........................................................................36 Spot News Reporting ............................................................................38 Breaking News Reporting .....................................................................39 Local Reporting, No Edition Time .......................................................45 Local Investigative or Specialized Reporting .........................................47 Investigative Reporting ..........................................................................50 Explanatory Journalism .........................................................................61 Explanatory Reporting ...........................................................................64 Specialized Reporting .............................................................................70
    [Show full text]
  • Download Itunes About Journalism to Propose Four Use—Will Be Very Different
    Nieman Reports THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION FOR JOURNALISM AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY VOL. 62 NO. 4 WINTER 2008 4 The Search for True North: New Directions in a New Territory Spiking the Newspaper to Follow the Digital Road 5 If Murder Is Metaphor | By Steven A. Smith 7 Where the Monitor Is Going, Others Will Follow | By Tom Regan 9 To Prepare for the Future, Skip the Present | By Edward Roussel 11 Journalism as a Conversation | By Katie King 13 Digital Natives: Following Their Lead on a Path to a New Journalism | By Ronald A. Yaros 16 Serendipity, Echo Chambers, and the Front Page | By Ethan Zuckerman Grabbing Readers’ Attention—Youthful Perspectives 18 Net Geners Relate to News in New Ways | By Don Tapscott 20 Passion Replaces the Dullness of an Overused Journalistic Formula | By Robert Niles 21 Accepting the Challenge: Using the Web to Help Newspapers Survive | By Luke Morris 23 Journalism and Citizenship: Making the Connection | By David T.Z. Mindich 26 Distracted: The New News World and the Fate of Attention | By Maggie Jackson 28 Tracking Behavior Changes on the Web | By David Nicholas 30 What Young People Don’t Like About the Web—And News On It | By Vivian Vahlberg 32 Adding Young Voices to the Mix of Newsroom Advisors | By Steven A. Smith 35 Using E-Readers to Explore Some New Media Myths | By Roger Fidler Blogs, Wikis, Social Media—And Journalism 37 Mapping the Blogosphere: Offering a Guide to Journalism’s Future | By John Kelly 40 The End of Journalism as Usual | By Mark Briggs 42 The Wikification of Knowledge | By Kenneth S.
    [Show full text]
  • Author Accepted Manuscript
    University of Dundee Campaigning against apartheid Graham, Matthew Published in: Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History DOI: 10.1080/03086534.2018.1506871 Publication date: 2018 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication in Discovery Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Graham, M. (2018). Campaigning against apartheid: The rise, fall and legacies of the South Africa United Front 1960-1962. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 46(6), 1148-1170. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2018.1506871 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in Discovery Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from Discovery Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Campaigning against apartheid: The rise, fall and legacies of the South Africa United Front 1960- 1962 Matthew Graham University of Dundee Research Associate at the International Studies Group, University of the Free State, South Africa Correspondence: School of Humanities, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN. [email protected] 01382 388628 Acknowledgements I’d like to thank the anonymous peer-reviewers for offering helpful and constructive comments and guidance on this article.
    [Show full text]
  • A List of the Records That Petitioners Seek Is Attached to the Petition, Filed Concurrently Herewith
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Professor Stanley Kutler, the American Historical Association, the American Society for Legal History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Archivists petition this Court for an order directing the release of President Richard M. Nixon’s thirty-five-year- old grand jury testimony and associated materials of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force.1 On June 23-24, 1975, President Nixon testified before two members of a federal grand jury who had traveled from Washington, DC, to San Clemente, California. The testimony was then presented in Washington, DC, to the full grand jury that had been convened to investigate political espionage, illegal campaign contributions, and other wrongdoing falling under the umbrella term Watergate. Watergate was the defining event of Richard Nixon’s presidency. In the early 1970s, as the Vietnam War raged and the civil rights movement in the United States continued its momentum, the Watergate scandal ignited a crisis of confidence in government leadership and a constitutional crisis that tested the limits of executive power and the mettle of the democratic process. “Watergate” was 1A list of the records that petitioners seek is attached to the Petition, filed concurrently herewith.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Review Judd Leighton School of Business and Economics
    JUDD LEIGHTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS Annual Review JUDD LEIGHTON SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS I am also very involved in the community through different groups and organizations. I feel that it is really important to give back to your community. - KAREN BARNETT President and CEO, Valley Screen Process Annual Review 1. News 11. Speaker’s Series PRODUCED BY INDIANA UNIVERSITY SOUTH BEND 16. Alumni Interview OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING GRAPHIC DESIGN 20. Community Awards & Sarah Perschbacher Recognitions PHOTOGRAPHY Sarah Perschbacher Peter Ringenberg 24. Student Recognitions Teresa Sheppard 40. Faculty PAPER: xpedx Endurance 70lb silk text COVER: xpedx Endurance 100lb silk text NOTE: xpedx is a Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified 42. Satisfied Customers vendor and supplies paper from renewable sources. 54. Special Thanks November 2015 58. Student Club 60. Dean’s Message NEWS Leighton School Makes Princeton Review For Eighth Consecutive Year The Judd Leighton School of Business P.N. Saksena, associate dean, graduate and Economics at Indiana University programs and accreditation. South Bend is listed once again as an “The Best 296 Business Schools” has outstanding business school, according The Judd Leighton School of Business and two-page profiles of the schools. Each to the education services company, the Economics is one of 280 in the U.S. and 16 profile addresses academics, career and Princeton Review. This is the eighth year international schools that are named. The placement, student life and environment, that the school has been included in listing is based on academic programs and admissions. The profiles also the annual publication, “The Best 296 and a review of institutional data collected have ratings for academic experience, Business Schools” (Random House / from each school.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011
    Copyright by Benjamin Jonah Koch 2011 The Dissertation Committee for Benjamin Jonah Koch Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon Committee: David Oshinsky, Supervisor H.W. Brands Dagmar Hamilton Mark Lawrence Michael Stoff Watchmen in the Night: The House Judiciary Committee’s Impeachment Inquiry of Richard Nixon by Benjamin Jonah Koch, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2011 Dedication To my grandparents For their love and support Acknowledgements I owe an immense debt of gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, David Oshinsky. When I arrived in graduate school, I did not know what it meant to be a historian and a writer. Working with him, especially in the development of this manuscript, I have come to understand my strengths and weaknesses, and he has made me a better historian. Thank you. The members of my dissertation committee have each aided me in different ways. Michael Stoff’s introductory historiography seminar helped me realize exactly what I had gotten myself into my first year of graduate school—and made it painless. I always enjoyed Mark Lawrence’s classes and his teaching style, and he was extraordinarily supportive during the writing of my master’s thesis, as well as my qualifying exams. I workshopped the first two chapters of my dissertation in Bill Brands’s writing seminar, where I learned precisely what to do and not to do.
    [Show full text]
  • Nixon's Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968
    Dark Quadrant: Organized Crime, Big Business, and the Corruption of American Democracy Online Appendix: Nixon’s Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 By Jonathan Marshall “Though his working life has been passed chiefly on the far shores of the continent, close by the Pacific and the Atlantic, some emotion always brings Richard Nixon back to the Caribbean waters off Key Biscayne and Florida.”—T. H. White, The Making of the President, 19681 Richard Nixon, like millions of other Americans, enjoyed Florida and the nearby islands of Cuba and the Bahamas as refuges where he could leave behind his many cares and inhibitions. But he also returned again and again to the region as an important ongoing source of political and financial support. In the process, the lax ethics of its shadier operators left its mark on his career. This Sunbelt frontier had long attracted more than its share of sleazy businessmen, promoters, and politicians who shared a get-rich-quick spirit. In Florida, hustlers made quick fortunes selling worthless land to gullible northerners and fleecing vacationers at illegal but wide-open gambling joints. Sheriffs and governors protected bookmakers and casino operators in return for campaign contributions and bribes. In nearby island nations, as described in chapter 4, dictators forged alliances with US mobsters to create havens for offshore gambling and to wield political influence in Washington. Nixon’s Caribbean milieu had roots in the mobster-infested Florida of the 1940s. He was introduced to that circle through banker and real estate investor Bebe Rebozo, lawyer Richard Danner, and Rep. George Smathers. Later this chapter will explore some of the diverse connections of this group by following the activities of Danner during the 1968 presidential campaign, as they touched on Nixon’s financial and political ties to Howard Hughes, the South Florida crime organization of Santo Trafficante, and mobbed-up hotels and casinos in Las Vegas and Miami.
    [Show full text]
  • The Referendum in FW De Klerk's War of Manoeuvre
    The referendum in F.W. de Klerk’s war of manoeuvre: An historical institutionalist account of the 1992 referendum. Gary Sussman. London School of Economics and Political Science. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government and International History, 2003 UMI Number: U615725 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615725 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 T h e s e s . F 35 SS . Library British Library of Political and Economic Science Abstract: This study presents an original effort to explain referendum use through political science institutionalism and contributes to both the comparative referendum and institutionalist literatures, and to the political history of South Africa. Its source materials are numerous archival collections, newspapers and over 40 personal interviews. This study addresses two questions relating to F.W. de Klerk's use of the referendum mechanism in 1992. The first is why he used the mechanism, highlighting its role in the context of the early stages of his quest for a managed transition.
    [Show full text]