DOCSLIB.ORG

23.5.70, 2G.5.70, 31.5.70

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
23.5.70, 2G.5.70, 31.5.70 @ / 23.5. 70, 2G. 5. 70, 31.5. 70 I NFO HMAHT : LLAB OYA FAKUDE AREA LOOAMBA BEGIMENT I NFOFJl'IA.TION HECEI\i-:SD FRO Tft : QUESTI ON A. 'I'ell u s about SOEHLOLO, everyt hine; you know. We were t ol d MSWA'l1I was SOMIILOLO ' s son, and that hi s mother wa"'S ZWI DE ' s daugh t e r . It i s said that hi s b i rtr1 was a source o f gr eat joy for the Swazi and hi s mother Ln.- ZIDZEo She sane a j oyf ul sone; ai1d called her escourt LL.W ZELWAN ELE an others :k at her i n - l aws place , and sent t iem to f etch water ( sea wat er) 0 Then the doct o ri n f~ of the young ki ng vras ca rried out . L.A- ZI DZE ' s r el atives keIJt comi ne; t o vi sit her and to see thei r nephew, but 8lso because they were escaping fro .. • a ttacks . by Sl:aka. They f elt quite secure and protected becau se of the new rel atmonslu p which had dev eloped as a result of the birth of MSWAT io l'/I$VA'I'I SBffG !1i s army to a hack J,lA.\VEWE and Iv1ZI1A, son s of LANGA - t!1is was the f.ir :s t . of hi s ba ttle s . Second was the a t tack on T.TJAJ I - rl1HOBELA , who threatened him. This a rmy fought even beyond THOBELA ' s ter ritory as far as TU1WA1i'B 1 s t erri t ory, now calle d RUSTENBURG . These kine s su r render ed to HSWATI and e-;ave him cattle , asking hi m to stay fB a c e f ully with them. He v1as a victorious beinc_: and the other tri bes realized hi s military str eilgth when h e went on f u rther to attack I1A.BIIOKO 8nfl. 1:f:i..t•J'IT30 . BASHELB came to r enor t to MSY!ATI tha t hi s (BNl' SHJ<::LE ) mot he1' was being ill - t r ea t ed a t FiLluimo. S,,hi s inf\n·iated MSW AT I an d thi s i s why he sen t his a r my on HLAMBO for i ll- treatine his (Mswati ) sister o He sent hi s army i n t he col d mcnth of May - t J.1 ere was snowo He sent his rcpiment - IJ'JYATHSI . '1' his r eciment f'1Y 1'' P O!' +h8 way and wa s he&±>ly wiried out by the enemy . Thi s annoyed MSWA'r.I even mor e and he sen t an other a rmy wi th hi mself present t his time . He ph m de :r-ed all the way as far as MF};;!TGU land • .Q.YJ-iS'l'IOJU.. V:/hy di d he at vack I!lAD1 FNGA' s peopl e ? ' Le cl.i d. it because he said 'they were hi s fathers c;ood f riends, bu t t hey pr i ded t hems el ves too much abou t t hi s friendshi p , even t o the extent of maki ng him f eel he wa s bei n1 t hreatened, by thomo QUEST:I OH C t Wny dlldMSWA '.rI kill hi s b r oth er±:s and pr eenant wives o f t he Ki ng ( Somhl ol o ) ? The ot her ·wi ves of SOHI-11010 were jealous of li.11. - ZI DZE on bei n r ma d e qu e en of Som11+010. MS\'/ATI therefore sent his warriors to kill these wiv es and t h e i r houses ( sons and daue hters ) o QUESTION D. Ther e i s a well lmoM'l story here, and vrill you tell u s abou t i t i Vv1zy di d 1.ilSViATI kill KIIAMBI ? K..B.A MBI came back with t he army when i t retu rned frou a t t ackinc 1\IA.WE1:1E ancl :.1ZI1A, a nd he was hi t;hl y f av oured b y o.. ki ng' s wi feo • He then changed his surname t o SIIGIONDZE from DLAMINI - he wa s b ei ne mi schievou s . He wa s 1.1 SWATI 1 s f avourite - to the extent t hat he handl ed the kine ' s food and a l lt: mat ter s to t he kine; were f i rst reported t o him. There came a n i ndu.na froljl - 2 - MABOYA FAKUDE c ont • • • o GUNDiNI NI viz . L011IBAMB O MKKABELA , and ~his . r;im1 becar:ie J(..MirJ?I ' s f riend ~ Both were suspected of having an aff air w:u;h t he Ki n g s wife but dem.ed i t • The Kinr· thereupon ordered her death and she was killed at HHOIDIO by warrior~ . KHA.MB I wa s a l so killed out si de the kraa l for hi s mischief• Killed a lso was MPI- '.'l'FII'NA' s mother . C~ UE Sr rr ~.lk Vfuy di d MSVINrI dec .~ de not to build a t hi s fat he r ' s roya l kraa.l? He feared Zulu att ackso QtIB STI ON_ _L_ ·who -ras MSWA'J'I ' s personal messens er ? It was :tvrn:LABA I.m'r HA. , and t hat of 1D3AND ZENI was 1'.fr3ANGO MOTHA o Q.UES'l'ION G• . An army went out to att ack after t he deat h of MSVVATI - do you know this? 'l'his was the "Elephant ' s Ba t t l e "o It sta rted t his way. Th ere came one MA.T HSAFENI wh o shouted in t he kr aal that peopl e shouldn ' t be s itt i ng a round but e;oi n g to mourn. Thi s was MA.THSAFENI MJ)LU.LI . In r eaction an army went out, but the Queen THANDILE refused to 1 et it f!P o It went out a<ra i nst her will, Gn d she theref ore cursed it saying , "Would im: that not a si n cl e on e o f you c ome ba ck alive"o When MATHSAFENI come he had in fact alr~dy sent out an army to c,t tack the BASOTHO( s outh Sot ho), so that when everyon e crune to realise there a l ready was f i ghtin t_ between the PEDI and BASOTH O and this army. The BASOTHO and PEDI were stronger; t hey surrounded the army, but Nl{A]·TANE escaped ( he was a fast runner) Thi s army was l ed by MHGAYI . He vvas Somhl ol o ' s son, but he was one of the hated ones ( by t he Ki ne ). Because of thi s hat red these s ons feared the Kine: mi e:ht at tack t hern • QUESTION _h There was a quarr el between hi m and MSWATI , but who were t he other people who were i nvolved i n thi s quarredl betwe en FOKOTI and the King ? I don ' t know about FOKOTI. I lmow however t hat he supported JOJ Oo J OJ O wa s f v..ther of LIA KHAKLEKA. , and he e: ot drowned in the MKH01.JD O .~ i v er when he tried t o flee . L/J ..m ANGBNI KHU.MA '.BO was a sked for ( i n order to be marri ed to t heir son) by the I'lruninis from her parent s in ululand. There wer e b eauti ful girls here a t home viz . J,1SUKUSUKU DJ. a.mini, Somhl olo ' s daue;hte.r , and others. The mother was LA o1MGA?.1GENI . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ? LA. -MGANGENI too:\: ov er f r om LA - ZID7E ev en while the l a t t er wa s still a live . LUDONGO - Hi s mother was LA- MGANGENI KHUMA LO . Hi s nan e a t birth was M.ACALENI , bu t he was [ iven the nam e of LUDONGA later wh en h e became desi 1nated ' King t o be ' o The queen - mother ( La - Zid?.e) made him king a t the deat h of hi r-; fat her. One day durine: a wa r - dance LUDONGA fell down and the war:d ors and p eopl e took t hi s to b e a bad omen. The reason for hi s fal l int do,.vm is as f oll ows : ~o meb o dy f rom Swa ziland had just retuxned wi th a e;tm. from the Basuto people ~n So u~her-.a Sotho . LUDOHGA took t his €}ill i n his hands and wa s admi ring it during the dance. The br ought t h e bar r el too near his no se and i nhal ed the fumes of gun- po wd. er, and l a ter on t he f l esh of hi s nose beean t o i nfl ame and he was very ill - he died of this. - 3 - JiIABOYA FAKUDE cont •• . • At this t i me his aunt had visited her in-laws , an d t here she found a young gi r l and lik ed her for LUDONGA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 11010329.Pdf
    THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Matsamo Sud Africa
    CONDIZIONI: TOUR DI 1 MESE CIRCA (LUGLIO ED AGOSTO) – 5 FESTIVAL CONDIZIONI CIOFF ARGENT DE POCHE DI EURO 4 AL GIORNO E PER PERSONA TRASFERIMENTI SUL TERRITORIO ITALIANO COMPONENTI IL GRUPPO 35 PERSONE I COSTI SI INTENDONO PER OGNI SINGOLO FESTIVAL People Of Matsamo - History A short history of the Swazi The area of what now is Swaziland has been inhabited by various different ethnic groups of people for a very long time, in eastern part Swaziland human remains dating back 100,000 years belonging to the oldest homo sapiens have been discovered. The Bushman was as is evident from the large number of San (Bushman) cave paintings among the first inhabitants of this region. The Swazi themselves arrived relatively late in history. The Swazi have their origins in East Africa around the great lakes, speaking siSwati having its origin predominantly in the Nguni group of Languages. In the late 15th century as part of the general southward expansion of the Nguni the Swazi's crossed the Limpopo River to settle in southern Tongaland (Now part of Mozambique.) Under their Chief Dlamini I they remained here for about 200 years, until they moved, still ruled by a Dlamini Chief (Dlamini III), into the fertile Pongola valley (now part of South Africa). Here economic pressure and land shortages soon resulted in a number of skirmishes and battles with the neighbouring Ndwandwe clan, which ultimately resulted in a further migration of the Swazi into what is now central Swaziland. From here the Swazi’s by way of absorption and conquest of Sotho and baPedi peoples build up a large Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • Thabani Thwala 0007581D Master of Arts (History
    The Politics of Placing Princes in Historical and Contemporary Swaziland Thabani Thwala 0007581d Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (History) of the University of Witwatersrand Supervisor: Professor Bonner Johannesburg 2013 1 Chapter 1: Introduction This research report is an exercise which seeks to understand centre-regional disputes, which are now nearly two centuries old, between the Swazi royal house, and the subordinate chiefdoms of the Magagula, Tfwala, Mabuza, all located in central Swaziland, and the Fakudze of Macetjeni in the Lubombo region. It seeks to investigate what has become an increasingly critical and controversial issue in Swazi society and Swazi politics: the relationship between princes and chiefs. It will also highlight the central importance of history, or at least historical assertion, in the assumption of political power in earlier and contemporary Swaziland. These issues have attracted some attention from scholars but not nearly as much as they deserve. Centre-regional relations between kings and subordinate chiefs are on the whole neglected in Swazi historiography. This thesis seeks to correct this anomaly by exploring local, regional, and national dynamics which strained the relationship between centre and region, and to show how the former has grappled with the problem of recalcitrant chiefs in a bid to retain its power position through suppression of the latter who have constantly sought to reclaim lost autonomy. The present history of Swaziland is one that glorifies the Dlamini dynasty and projects a one-sided picture of historical events in Swaziland. For instance, it is contended that Swaziland is a homogenous, democratic and peaceful country.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Chapter 1: History of the Swazi and Their Exploitation of Grass
    Chapter 1: History of the Swazi and their Exploitation of Grass Technology Introduction Traditional items made of grass are easily found in Swaziland today and not just exclusively in the rural areas; in many cases they have been modified by the adoption of materials of industrial manufacture. In particular, the grass mat in recent years has been susceptible to innovative variations. The surface quality of the traditional mat has transformed due to the introduction of contemporary materials whereby mat- makers have adapted their traditional methods of production and techniques to create new forms for a new market. Mat-makers, trying to maintain a contemporary relevance, have introduced a novel material of sweet wrappers in shimmering colours and other plastic coatings to decorate a traditional art form; they are producing mats that are more durable in some cases than the originals made exclusively from grass. This marks the transformation of an object with a long historical past, a past possibly dating back to the birth of the beehive dome and beyond. Historically, the grass sleeping mat served and still serves for some Swazi elders the function of a mattress spread across the (cow dung) floor in a hut. An analogous mat, the sitting mat, would be offered to a visiting stranger as a sign of generous hospitality.1 Sitting mats are still bought by many urban Swazis, and are seen to maintain a link with the homestead life and the elderly relatives; 2 a grass sleeping mat still forms part of the basic essentials a bride takes to her marital home together with a headrest for her husband.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kingdom of Swaziland: Studies in Political History
    The Kingdom of Swaziland: Studies in Political History D. HUGH GILLIS GREENWOOD PRESS The Kingdom of Swaziland States and Tribes in Southeast Africa The Kingdom of Swaziland Studies in Political History D. HUGH GILLIS Contributions in Comparative Colonial Studies, Number 37 GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gillis, D. Hugh, 1918– The kingdom of Swaziland : studies in political history / D. Hugh Gillis. p. cm.—(Contributions in comparative colonial studies, ISSN 0163–3813 ; no. 37) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–30670–2 (alk. paper) 1. Swaziland—Politics and government—To 1968. I. Title. II. Series. DT2777.G55 1999 968.87—dc21 98–41422 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 1999 by D. Hugh Gillis All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98–41422 ISBN: 0–313–30670–2 ISSN: 0163–3813 First published in 1999 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 To Celia, who shared the work and kept me going on Contents Illustrations ix Preface xi Chronology xiii Introduction 1 1. The Ngwane-Swazi 9 2. Expanding and Consolidating 19 3. Boundaries: The Transvaal 29 4. Boundaries: Portuguese Territory 37 5. The Concessions Scramble 47 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Missionary Nurse Dorothy Davis Cook, 1940-1972: “Mother of Swazi Nurses”
    MISSIONARY NURSE DOROTHY DAVIS COOK, 1940-1972: “MOTHER OF SWAZI NURSES” by Susan Elaine Elliott A dissertation presented to the FACULTY OF THE HAHN SCHOOL OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO A partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING April 14,2000 Dissertation Committee Patricia Roth, EdD, RN, Chair Mary Jo Clark, PhD, RN Mary Samecky, DNSc, RN Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL PAGE, DISSERTATION UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO Hahn School of Nursing and Health Sciences DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO CANDIDATE’S NAME: Susan Elaine Elliott TITLE OF DISSERTATION: Missionary Nurse Dorothy Davis Cook, 1940-1972 “Mother of Swazi Nurses” DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Patricia Roth, EdD, RN, Chair Mary Jo Clark, PhD, RN Mary Samecky, DNSc, RN Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MISSIONARY NURSE DOROTHY DAVIS COOK, 1940-1972: “MOTHER OF SWAZI NURSES” Dramatically absent from nursing’s historical knowledge and professional recognition are the lives, roles, contributions, and legacies of Christian faith-based nurses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ministry and service of Sister Tutor Dorothy Davis Cook, Church of the Nazarene missionary nurse in the African country of Swaziland 1940 to 1972. The multi-dimensional, multi-task expanded roles manifested in her integration of Christian missionary and nurse were explored and her legacy identified. The most significant primary source for this study was Mrs. Cook herself. She was interviewed on three occasions and has provided personal documents, journals, and photographs.
    [Show full text]
  • 150 Years of Mission-Churches in Swaziland, 1844 -1994 Eutism: a Factor in Tiie Growtii and Decune
    150 YEARS OF MISSION-CHURCHES IN SWAZILAND, 1844 -1994 EUTISM: A FACTOR IN TIIE GROWTII AND DECUNE by MARJORIE FROISE submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY • at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR N J SMITH NOVEMBER 1996 SUMMARY In 1994, Swaziland celebrated 150 years of Christianity. Three distinct eras are identified in the history of mission-church growth, each of which is related to elitism. 1884 saw the start of missions is Swaziland, but this effort was short-lived. The mission became caught up in internecine warfare, the resident missionary and the Swazi Christian community fled to Natal where the church grew and matured in exile during a period of missionary lacuna in Swaziland itself. After thirty-six years, the missionaries were once again allowed to settle in Swaziland and the church grew rapidly, mainly as a result of the widespread institutional work undertaken. Soon an elite Christian community developed as people came to identify with a mission or church, many of whom had little Christian commitment. In 1%8, Swaziland was granted independence. A return to culture accompanied a strong wave of nationalism. Mission-church growth in this period declined as those, whose commitment to the Christian faith was shallow, returned to culture or joined one of the Independent churches which catered for varying degrees of syncretism The third era outlined in this study is one of secularisation. Family structures were eroded, materialism took hold and the church was in danger of becoming irrelevant. The older churches continue their decline, but new churches, appealing particularly to the new elite, are growing.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique of the Swazi Constitutional Rules on Succession to Kingship 65
    A critique of the Swazi Constitutional rules on succession to kingship 65 A critique of the Swazi Constitutional rules on succession to kingship Hoolo ‘Nyane LLB LLM LLD Associate Professor, School of Law, University of Limpopo SUMMARY Several aspects of Swazi constitutional law oftentimes present a jigsaw puzzle to many scholars of constitutional law. The promulgation of the new Constitution in 2005 purportedly marked an end to absolutism and ushered in liberal constitutionalism. However, it would seem that the strong role given to customary law in the constitutional design of Swaziland has provided an avenue for absolutism of the monarch. One area of customary law which is still very controversial is the succession to office of King. The Constitution is not elaborate on the rules of succession; it cagily provides that succession to office of King shall be regulated by “Swazi law and custom”. In practice, this has effectively given ‘Swazi law and Custom’ pre-eminence over the Constitution. The purpose of this article is to critique the rules of succession to the office of monarch in Eswatini. The paper contends that the Constitution can regain its supremacy by incorporating the customary rules of succession into the Constitution. When those roles have been codified in the Constitution, they can easily be synchronised with other devices of constitutionalism such as human rights and supremacy of the Constitution. 1Introduction The Constitution of Swaziland,1 since independence from Britain in 1968, has been consistent in its deference to “Swazi law and custom” in general, and on matters relating to succession to office of King in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Incwala Sacred Ceremony” As a Challenge to Mission
    “INCWALA SACRED CEREMONY” AS A CHALLENGE TO MISSION by COMFORT MABUZA submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF THEOLOGY – WITH SPECIALIZATION IN URBAN MINISTRY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR. V.S. MOLOBI April 2007 i DEDICATION To my adorable ‘Ancestor’ and beloved Grandmother, Zakhona Gelty Mabuza (LaNyawo). Dumakude, Mlaba, Mthandiwabantu wena Bengakuthandi!! I wish you were around, but of course your spirit lives on, you’re my true ancestor and guiding spirit!! I have made it Dumakude Nkosazana kaMtshakela-KaMahlathi- KaSambane!! Your dream is finally fulfilled; I am becoming the light of the Mabuza Clan, and indeed my country. The seeds of the Gospel are beginning to blossom – Sekuyakhanya. To my family and indeed a great team, Happiness, Lindela, Lindokuhle and Lindelani. Yes, it is possible to those who wait. Thank you for allowing me to work even on weekends to achieve this. You are a source of encouragement indeed. To Dr. V.S. Molobi, my supervisor and counselor who found me in the wilderness and gave me an inspiration to continue on this long journey. You were such a pleasant helper and in siSwati we would say, ‘ Ungadzinwa nangemuso’ (Don’t get tired in doing good). To God be the glory, who is the giver of life and sustainer of living beings, I thank Him for making me become part of His plans even to a Small Nation like Swaziland. My earnest prayer is that all humankind would find a sense of inspiration, when reading this work. My humble submission has been to add another voice of reason, let the insights of this work become an instrument of cultivating a quest for a higher level of spirituality.
    [Show full text]
  • A REFLECTIVE PERSPECTIVE of WOMEN LEADERSHIP in NGUNI ORAL POETIC FORMS by SISANA RACHEL MDLULI Submitted in Accordance With
    A REFLECTIVE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN NGUNI ORAL POETIC FORMS by SISANA RACHEL MDLULI submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject AFRICAN LANGUAGES at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF N SAULE March 2013 Student number: 618-520-7 DECLARATION I declare that A REFLECTIVE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN NGUNI ORAL POETIC FORMS is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. ...................................................... .......................................... SIGNATURE DATE (SR Mdluli) i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor, Professor Ncedile Saule, for his outstanding and patient guidance. I am also indebted to friends and colleagues in the Department of African Languages, too many to mention, for their unflagging support and encouragement. My acknowledgement also goes to Professor David Levey of the English Department at Unisa, who meticulously edited the manuscript of this thesis. Mrs Hleziphi Napaai, our subject librarian was supportive and always willing to help. My gratitude also goes to Mrs Nomsa Lediga for organizing the layout and design of this thesis. I am gratified to Professor Bhekinkosi Ntuli for his untiring motivation and support. I am indebted to my nephew Mbhekwa Dlamini for his willingness to assist. My gratitude goes to my three sons, Sandile, Sthembiso and Anele, my first daughter Emmaculate, and my granddaughters, Onalena and Temalangeni for their understanding as to why I could not be with them all the time. I am indebted to my siblings, Constance Motsa, Grace Gwebu and Moses Mdluli for their support.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Culture and Gender: a Study of Women's Search for Gender Equality in Swaziland
    RELIGION, CULTURE AND GENDER: A STUDY OF WOMEN'S SEARCH FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN SWAZILAND CHRISTOPHER AMHERST BYUMA ZIGIRA NOVEMBER 2000 RELIGION, CULTURE AND GENDER: A STUDY OF WOMEN'S SEARCH FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN SWAZILAND by CHRISTOPHER AMHERST BYUMA ZIGIRA Submitted in Accordance with the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY In the Subject RELIGIOUS STUDIES At the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER : PROF. G. J. A. LUBBE JOINT PROMOTER: PROF. A. M. KANDUZA NOVEMBER 2000 DECLARATION Student Number: 3250-210-9 I declare that RELIGION, CULTURE AND GENDER: A STUDY OF WOMEN'S SEARCH FOR GENDER EQUALITY IN SWAZILAND is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. DATE: ............................. C.A.B. ZIGIRA 305.42096887 ZIGI \\\\\~I ~\\I\\~\~\\\\\\ 11\1 Ill II~\\\ 0001787666 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study has taken fairly a long time to accomplish and has had to change direction once. Initially, I had intended to examine the status of Christian Marriage in Swaziland. Due to some unforeseen circumstances, the topic was dropped in favour of a more all embracing topic of religion, culture and gender in Swaziland. During this sojourn a number of people helped me to concretise the proposal, most especially Prof. Takatso Mofokeng, then of University of South Africa. While I was eager to benefit from his scholarly advice, he changed places to join the University of the North West on a new assignment. Due to the fact that I neither speak nor write the siSwati language, a number of undergraduate students in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Swaziland were willing to help.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Harmony Analyses How Traditional Ruling Elites in Swaziland, As in Other Parts of Africa, Use Harmony Ideologies to Downplay and Resolve Land Disputes
    The Politics of Harmony analyses how traditional ruling elites in Swaziland, as in other parts of Africa, use harmony ideologies to downplay and resolve land disputes. Such disputes could be used by foreign development agents or indigenous new elites as justification for implementing land tenure changes, including a reduction of traditional elites' power based upon land control. Swazi commoners accept the cultural value and legitimacy of most harmony ideologies, but they use strategies when disputing about particular land rights to produce more favourable outcomes. This book is unusual in its focus on political rather than economic dimensions of land tenure and disputes. It searches for links between individual concerns with land use rights and national concerns with land policy. It also examines gender and leadership issues associated with land, showing how women and new elites threaten land interests of men and traditional leaders. THE POLITICS OF HARMONY AFRICAN STUDIES SERIES 69 GENERAL EDITOR J. M. Lonsdale, Lecturer in History and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ADVISORY EDITORS J. D. Y. Peel, Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, with special reference to Africa, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London John Sender, Faculty of Economics and Fellow of Wolf son College, Cambridge Published in collaboration with THE AFRICAN STUDIES CENTRE, CAMBRIDGE A list of books in the series will be found at the end of the volume An unmarried Swazi woman who struggled to acquire and retain her land plot, separates, with her children's assistance, maize kernels after the harvest. THE POLITICS OF HARMONY Land dispute strategies in Swaziland LAUREL L.
    [Show full text]