Zum Angloamerikanischen Einfluss Auf Die Heutige Deutsche Werbesprache

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Zum Angloamerikanischen Einfluss Auf Die Heutige Deutsche Werbesprache STUDIA PHILOLOGICA JYVÄSKYLÄENSIA 9 KIRSTI FRIMAN ZUM ANGLOAMERIKANISCHEN EINFLUSS AUF DIE HEUTIGE DEUTSCHE WERBESPRACHE WIRD MIT DER GENEHMIGUNG DER HUMANISTISCHEN FAKULTÄT DER UNIVERSITÄT JYVÄSKYLÄ AM 18. MAI 1977 UM 12 UHR IM AUDITORIUM M 103 ZUR ÖFFENTLICHEN VERTEIDIGUNG VORGELEGT UNIVERSITÄT JYVÄSKYLÄ, JYVÄSKYLÄ 1977 ZUM ANGLOAMERIKANISCHEN EINFLUSS AUF DIE HEUTIGE DEUTSCHE WERBESPRACHE URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8104-4 ISBN 978-951-39-8104-4 (PDF) ISSN 0585-5462 ISBN 951-677-803-8 ISSN 0585-5462 COPYRIGHT© 1977, by University of Jyviiskylii Jyvaskyliissii 1977 K.irjapaino Oy Sisa-Suomi BERICHTIGUNGEN S. 6 Zeile 11 von unten: meine Untersuchungen; lies: meine früheren Untersuchungen. S. 8 Zeile 14 von oben: ist mit die Ar-; lies: ist mir die Ar­ s. 21 Fußn. 4: S. 125; lies: S. 126. S. 43 Zeile 18 von oben: ONE DROP ONLY; lies ONE DROP ONLY. S. 46 Zeile 9 von unten: zu; lies: zu sein. S. 49 Zeile 1o von unten: wörterbuch; lies: wörterbücher. s. 55 Zeile von unten: entbehrlich; lies: unentbehrlich. S. 7o Zeile 6 von unten: Nebendeutungen; lies: Nebenbedeu- tungen. S. 76 Fußn. 4: füge die Seitenangabe hinzu: Wilde (197ob) 4o. S. 95 Zeile 2 von unten: gibt z.B.; lies: gibt es z.B. S. 1o3 füge Fußn. 49 hinzu: Schütz (1968) 262 belegt im Fran- zösischen Tufted "Bodenbelag". S. 114 Zeile 1o von unten: Leise; lies: Leisi. S. 135 Fußn. 13: S. 132 u. 133; lies: S. 127 u. 133 f. S. 157 Zeile 2 von oben: Deoeoranten; lies: Deodoranten. S. 167 Fußn. 15: Die Seitenangabe ist: 306. S. 171 Zeile 5 von unten: Higball; lies: Highball. S. 241 Zeile von oben: nicht; lies: nicht in. S. 267 Zeile 16 von oben: obenge-; lies: obengenann-. S. 3o7 Zeile 11 von oben: Empfindender; lies: Empfindenden. S. 311 Zeile 3 von unten: füge die Quellenangabe hinzu: (FAZ. 19.5.73.S.43). INHALT Seite VORWORT I. EINLEITUNG 1. Zur Betrachtungsweise und Methodik 2. Werbung und die englische Sprache 12 II. SCHREIBUNG 2o III. MORPHOLOGISCHE BETRACHTUNGEN 31 1. Flexion 31 2. Zusammensetzung 33 3. Wortmischung und Wortverband 42 4. Kürzung 49 5. Präfigierung 56 6. Suffigierung 67 IV. FREMD- UND LEHNWÖRTER. ENTLEHNUNGEN NACH SACH- GEBIETEN 75 1. Kleidung und Mode 75 2. Farbenbezeichnungen 114 3. Kosmetik und Körperpflege 129 4. Essen, Getränke und Genußmittel 159 5. Unterhaltung und Kultur 178 6. Sport und Tiere 2o3 7. Reisen und Verkehr 213 8. Handel 228 9. Technik 262 1o. Gebrauchsgüter und Markenartikel 282 V. FREMDE WENDUNGEN UND SLOGANS 300 VI. INNERES LEHNGUT 3o7 VII. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 318 ALPHABETISCHES WÖRTERVERZEICHNIS 327 BENUTZTE LITERATUR 339 VOR½'ORT Die Anregung zur wissenschaftlichen Arbeit wie auch das Thema der vorliegenden Untersuchung verdanke ich meinem ver­ ehrten Lehrer, dem früheren Direktor des Germanistischen Instituts der Universität Jyväskylä, Herrn Professor Dr. Erik Erämetsä, der meine Arbeit stets mit regem Interesse verfolgt und mich unermüdlich angespornt hat. Es sei mir ge­ stattet, ihm für seine wertvollen Ratschläge meinen aufrich­ tigsten Dank auszusprechen. Nach dem Abgang von Prof. Erämetsä nach Turku hat mich der jetzige Direktor des hiesigen Instituts Prof. Dr. Kyösti Itkonen in mannigfacher Weise unterstützt und mir viele gute Hinweise gegeben. Ihm bin ich ebenfalls zu großem Dank ver­ pflichtet. Von großer Bedeutung für die vorliegende Untersuchung war, daß meine Arbeit von verschiedenen Seiten her finanziell unterstützt wurde. Vor allem gilt mein Dank den Stiftungen von Ellen und Artturi Nyyssönen ("Ellen ja Artturi Nyyssösen Säätiö", Jyväskylä) und Emil Aaltonen ("Emil Aaltosen Säätiö", Tampere). Meinen verbindlichsten Dank spreche ich der Uni­ versität Jyväskylä aus, die mir in den Jahren 1971-1972 und 1974 Stipendien "für junge Wissenschaftler" bewilligt und diese Untersuchung in ihre Schriftenreihe aufgenommen hat. Ferner danke ich Herrn Lektor Richard Billhardt M.A. für die sprachliche Durchsicht und Verbesserung meiner Ar­ beit. Schließlich danke ich meinem Mann und meiner kleinen Tochter für ihre Geduld während der jahrelangen Arbeit. Jyväskylä, im Februar 1977 K.F. I. EINLEITUNG 1 . Zur Betrachtungsweise und Methodik In letzter Zeit ist dem angloamerikanischen Einfluß auf die deutsche Gegenwartssprache immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit ge­ widmet worden. Das bezeugt u.a. die wachsende Zahl der Arbei­ ten zu diesem Thema. Auch in der Öffentlichkeit hat diese Er­ 1 scheinung immer mehr Aufsehen erregt und sogar sprachpuri- stische Reaktionen hervorgerufen. In einigen Sachgebieten ist der Einfluß des Englischen besonders stark. Als ein Bei­ spiel könnte man die Sprache der Luftfahrt nennen, über die H. Drube folgendermaßen schreibt: "Die Stärke der amerikani­ schen Fremdwortlawine ist dennoch überraschend; sie ist ge­ eignet, den Bestand des deutschen Wortschatzes zu gefährden und vor allem das deutsche Sprachgefühl auszuhöhlen. Dafür nur ein Beispiel, das die sprachlichen Folgen der völligen Abhängigkeit von einem anderen Volke auf bestimmten Sachge­ bieten deutlich macht. 1 963 erschien in der vielgelesenen amerikanischen Wochenschrift 'Newsweek' ein Aufsatz, der Fink ( 1 975) 1 86 erwähnt die Rede des Bundespräsidenten Heinemann im Jahre 1 973. Vgl. auch folgende Zeitungsartikel: "German spoken", Die Zeit, Nr. 49, 8. 1 2.1 967, P. Wapnewski, "Wörter als Leitfossilien'', Die Zeit, Nr. 23, 1.6. 1 973 u. D. Zimmer, "Wort, go home", Die Zeit, Nr. 29, 1 3.6. 1 973. 2 Dies ist ja nicht neu in der deutschen Sprachgeschichte. Einer der ersten, die englischen Einfluß stark kritisiert haben, ist Hermann Dunger mit seinem Buch "Engländerei in der deutschen Sprache" ( 1 9o9) gewesen. In letzter Zeit fin­ det man wieder eine zunehmende Zahl ähnlicher Äußerungen, vgl. Fußnote 1 . 2 sich mit der Rolle der amerikanischen Fremdwörter im heuti­ gen Deutsch befaßte. Darin wird die Einweisung (briefing!) deutscher Flieger durch einen Offizier unserer Luftwaffe folgendermaßen wiedergegeben: 'Ich fliege leader. Wir machen den climb-out in parade formation. Wenn wir airborne sind und das landing gear hoch is, gibt jeder dem leader ein thumbs-up for close panels. Wir machen two-interval breaks 1 and final landing. Ich nehme down-wind side. Any questions? • 11 3 Auch in der Werbesprache ist der Anteil der englischen Ent- lehnungen größer als man zuvor gedacht hat, und überhaupt ist das Ausmaß der Übernahme "überaus groß", wird aber nach Fink oft zahlenmäßig unterschätzt.5 In mehreren Untersu­ chungen, die wissenschaftlich angelegt sind, hat man auch festgestellt, daß der angloamerikanische Einfluß, der nach 1945 bekanntlich am intensivsten ist, mit nicht nachlassen­ 6 der Kraft andauert, ja sogar sich zu vermehren scheint. Wegen der großen Zahl der Entlehnungen wäre eine lückenlose Erfassung aller neuen Zugänge vorläufig wohl unzweckmäßig. Eine Bestandsaufnahme, die sowohl die lexikalischen als auch die syntaktischen und stilistischen Wirkungen berücksichtigt, wäre wohl nur in Teamarbeit zu bewältigen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschränkt sich auf den Wortschatz der deutschen Werbesprüche, ist ja der Wortschatz "das Haupt­ 7 einfallstor englischen Einflusses". Die Syntax ist in diesem 3 Drube (1968) 128 4 Fink (1975) 188. Vgl. auch unten 16 ff. 5 F i rik (1 97 5) 1 8 8 . 6 U.a. Erämetsä (1969) 3 9, Carstensen-Griesel-Meyer (1972) 238, Fink (1975) 187. Eine gegenteilige Meinung äußert da­ gegen Eggers (1973) 1o1 f., wenn er schreibt: "Gewiß gibt es Hunderte von angloamerikanischen Wörtern im deutschen Sprach­ gebrauch, Ausdrücke wie ... Besonders die Sprache der Wirt­ schaft und Werbung, der Teenager, aber auch mancher moderner Wissenschaftszweige ist voll von Amerikanismen; es hat aber den Anschein, als sei diese modische Welle, 0ie sich in den fünfziger Jahren gewaltig überschlug, schon wieder im Abeb­ ben". 7 Wendelken (1967) 289. 3 Zusammenhang kein geeignetes Untersuchungsfeld, weil die 8 Werbesprache sozusagen keine 'normale' Syntax aufweist. Die Sätze sind oft unvollständig, öfters fehlt z.B. das fi­ nite Verbum. Keineswegs selten kommen nur einzelne Wörter und Bilder vor. Gerade Bilder ersetzen oft die Sprache fast gänzlich, so daß der Text in einer Anzeige nicht mehr domi­ nierend ist, und die Semantizität der Anzeige eine Einheit 9 von Bild und Text ist. Da aber die Verbindung von Bild und 10 Text oft nach außerhalb des linguistischen Feldes führt, werde ich im folgenden diesen Aspekt nur dann berücksichti­ gen, wenn es nötig erscheint, wie z.B. beim Festlegen eini­ ger Farbadjektive auf eine bestimmte Farbe. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ist es nicht möglich gewesen, syntaktische Einflüsse eingehender zu behandeln.11 Stilistische Fragen werde ich im allgemeinen nicht be­ rühren, einige ganz oberflächliche Hinweise ausgenommen,· wie z.B. die Werbewirksamkeit der englischen Sprache und die Tat­ sache, daß Englisch in deutschen Ohren ganz offensichtlich fein und modern klingt. Da es sich bei meinem Material nicht um direkte Über­ setzung handelt, ist es außerdem schwer, stilistische und 8 Auch Schütz (1968) 1o5 schließt die syntaktischen Ein­ flüsse aus, weil nach ihm die Reklamesprache wegen ihrer kur­ zen zusammenhängenden Texte zu wenig Material bietet. 9 Hantsch (1972) 93. 1o Vgl. Leech (1966) 9: "It is true that some aspects of the physical manifestation of advertising language are very im­ portant: visual display, typography ... and other features of lay-out ... These are generally considered to be outside language altogether ...". 11 Es ist auch ernstlich zu erwägen, ob es überhaupt rat­ sam wäre zu versuchen, "alles" in einer Arbeit zu bewältigen. Ein umfangreiches Primärmaterial bedeutet zuverlässige Be­ weiskraft und somit unter Umständen auch
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