· July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23617 tables on the refugee problem in South­ As Chairman of the Subcommittee on Ref­ Displaced persons in Thatland Resettled since ugees in recent years, I have closely followed 1975 as of June 30, 1977 . east Asia. the humanitarian problems of the Indochina There being no objection, the material Australia ------­ 718 Peninsula, including those in the aftermath Austria-··------134 was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, of the war. And I am extremely hopeful that Belgium __ ------______32 as follows: in cooperation with international organiza­ U.S. SENATE, Canada ------503 tions and other countries, the United States F'ederal Republic of Germany ______July 1, 1977. will respond generously and compassionately 326 The PRESIDENT, to these pressing human needs in Southeast France ------­ 28,246 The White House, Asia. Italy ------46 Washington, D.O. Many thanks for your consideration, Mr. Malaysia ------­ 1,400 DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am writing to let President, and best wishes. Netherlands ------­ 56 you know of my full support for the pending Sincerely, Norway ------152 proposal to parole into the United States a EDWARD M. KENNEDY. United Kingdom ______38 reasonable number of Vietnamese refugees USA ------18,500 scattered throughout Asia and displaced per­ "Boat cases" resettled as of June 30, 1977 Others ------___ ------__ 15 sons from Vietnam, Laos, and Kampuchea in Thailand. Australia ------792 Given the growing number of these home­ Austria------20 Total------50, 166 less people and the demonstrated need to Belgium ------27 Source: Department of State. maintain some flexibility in meeting our hu­ canada ------201 France------1,103 manitarian responsibilities toward them, I Federal Republic of Germany______126 also wanted to recommend that the Attorney General be able to exercise his parole author­ Hong Kong------27 HERBERT W. JOHNSON Israel ------66 ity on a continuing basis over the coming Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, it is with months and without a specified ce111ng on Netherlands ------70 the number of entries into the United States. Norway------82 deep regret that we note the passing of Switzerland ------71 Hopefully, as well, the United States will United Kingdom______71 Mr. Herbert W. Johnson, Regional Di­ work more closely with the United Nations rector of the Veterans' Administration Paraguay ------16 High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) USA ------658 in Winston-Salem, N.C., on July 6, 1977. and the Intergovernmental Committee for Herb Johnson served in that position European Migration to promote resettlement Total------3,330 opportunities in other countries, and will for many years, and was highly regarded continue to support the material assistance Source: Department of State. by all who dealt with him. He was one and rehabilitation program of the UNHCR "Boat cases" waiting resettlement as of ·of the most competent and professional among the displaced persons who remain in June 30, 1977 individuals· in the Federal service, and Thailand. Malaysia ------3,118 was completely dedicated to his work In a related matter, I fully support your Thailand ----__ ------2,097 efforts to pursue a policy of reconciliation and to the veterans he served. No matter Japan ------517 and normalization of relations with Vietnam, 527 how difficult the details of a particular and commend you for the initial progress Philippines ------­ Indonesia ------339 case may have been, Herb Johnson that has been made in recent weeks and Hong Kong/Macao ______:.______250 tackled it with enthusiasm and with the months. I share the hope of many Americans 160 that this process will continue, and that Singapore ------conviction that if there were any way Taiwan ------58 ways can be found to permit the United 38 at all to provide satisfaction to the vet­ States to contribute at an early date to the South Korea ____ ------eran he would do it. He showed the same Brunei ------10 international humanitarian programs under­ Kuwait------7 compassion and understanding to even way in the war-affected areas of Vietnam. Of the most "routine" cases, and was always special concern, in this regard, are the severe Current total------7, 121 food shortages reported by the United immediately responsive to any and every Nations. Source: Department of State. request for information and assistance. It would be in the finest h umani tar ian Displaced persons from the Indochina Pe- Herb Johnson set an example of per­ tradition of the American people if our coun­ ninsula in Thailand as of June 30, 1977 sonal conduct and professional dedica­ try could provide food assistance to the From Laos ______67,536 tion that every one of us can look to people of Vietnam under United Nations From Vietnam______1, 339 auspices. I would be pleased to work with From Kampuchea ______10,971 for inspiration. I pay my respects to his you and your Administration to find ways to memory in appreciation for his always accomplish this humanitarian objective, cheerful helpfulness and for his years which would also contribute to the process Total------179,846 of reconciliation and normalization of rela­ 1 Does not include 2,097 "boat cases." of service to the citizens of North tions with Vietnam. Source: Department of State. Carolina.

E.XTENSIONS OF REMARKS WASHINGTON STAR LAUDS the Congress. There has never been a seem to have been resistible temptations for more honorable or more respected Mem­ one congressman, anyway. GEORGE MAHON Rep. Mahon became a member of the ber of Congress than GEORGE MAHON. He House Appropriations Committee when, as is Gentleman GEORGE, the very symbol of a young county attorney, he was elected to HON. J. J. PICKLE d~gnifled and effective public servant in Congress for the first time in 1934-the first OF TEXAS the Congress. representative of a new district taking in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The editorial follows: 25 West Texas counties. That it took so Monday, July 18, 1977 SALUTE TO MAHON much territory to make a congressional dis­ Forty-four years is a long time for a man trict tells something about the district. Very Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, with the to serve in Congress. Long enough to achieve few people because the farming is so hard recent announcement by Representative great power, and long enough, certainly, to and most of the oil is somewhere else. It's the GEORGE MAHON that he Will not seek re­ get into trouble over the use of power. part of Texas where they make an art form election to the 96th Congress, this Na-: The achievement of George Herman Mahon of jokes about how long it's been since it tion has to feel a genuine sense of loss. of Texas was to do the one without the other. rained. There will be another time when the Dean of the House of Representatives by vir­ The South was still solid for Democrats tue of a tenure longer than anybody else's, he back in the Thirties when Rep. Mahon first Members of this body will have a chance came to Washington, and the farmers of his to has a remarkably unblemished reputation to salute this courageous patriot who has go with the 44 years of service he will leave district were poor enough to respond to the worked selflessly for his country and his behind him when he goes home at the end of overtones of FOR's campaigns. Rep. Mahon State for more than a half -century but his present term, with no plans for running was one of the young Democrats fired by the I would like to insert an editorial from for office again. The money, the women, the New Deal vision, but it never made either a the Washington Star, July 16, 1977, edi­ drink and the intemoerances of empire­ statist or a. tax-and-tax-and-spend-and tion, which properly hails the Dean of building that have tarnished so many careers spend manipulator out ot him. CXX:III--1487'-Part 19 23618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 Through the years that brought him to the give black-run and other minority bust- Rather than bemoan his own handicap, chairmanship of the Appropriations commit­ nesses a chance to get government con- he used his newfound time to make 1m­ tee ln 1964, making him the second or third tracts, to gain the experience and expertise proving the plight of elderly Americans most powerful member of the House, he was that would enable them to become stable his personal crusade He has been sue- stalwart against all the fiscal ingenuities of parts of our free enterprise system. . . . · . big spenders bent on taking more out of the Well what happened? several white cessful m contnbutmg to the happmess Treasury than went ln. Yet his was the kind hustle;s rushed to the White House to argue: and respect of many senior citizens. of conservatism that took m111tary needs "Hey, man, this business of giving special Some years ago, he requested that each very seriously. Nobody ever accused this con­ business breaks to minorities is reverse dis- Governor invite "forgotten senior citi­ gressman of being in an aircraft company's crimination. They gonna run me out of zens to share in their Thanksgiving fes­ pocket, but they did call him Mr. Defense busine~~·" .. tivities." As he said, a family dinner that for the sharp eye he always kept on Amer­ The entrepreneurs came from a host of is "plain but willingly shared ... gives ican strength against threats from abroad. white firms across the land which were rak- ' . . That sharp, defensive eye was always alert ing in money with lucrative food service our whole family sheer enJoyment. Lone- to threats of White House encroachment on arrangements on mtlltary bases and other liness is sad, at best, but there is nothing the powers of the Congress, too. The execu­ federal installations. sadder than to see someone who is almost tive impulse to get away from congressional Someone in the White House put it bluntly at life's end with no one on Earth to scrutiny was forever pToducing legislative to the white hustlers: "President Nixon is care about them." packages that would leave most of the real supporting this program, so don't knock it, One of those who applied his sugges­ decision-making to administrators. Rep. join it. Get yourself a black front man and tion was a southern Governor named Mahon always noticed and often succeeded lap up some of this gravy." J' c te in reclaiming areas of power for the elected They got some pretty good front men. Immy . ar r. . .. branch. Robert J. Brown was Nixon's black man in The hs.t <;>f elder!~ a?tiVItles that Mr. He has been a.s abstemious of power as of the White House earning a top-level salary Kappler Is mvolved m IS seemingly end­ the other Washington intoxicants, however. of $36,000 a. year: Somehow Brown was cer- less. One of the most inspiring to many Even Ralph Nader has no fault to find with tified as "disadvantaged," and wound up as elderly is the Joe Kappler Senior Citizen his leadership in a rele where making ene­ a "partner" of a white entrepreneur, Happy Hall of Fame. Mr. Kappler has honored mies is as easy as giving in to corruptions. Franklin, in a deal at a mllltary base in many Americans by awarding them a The dignities of the American system a.re the larger for those George Herman Mahon c~~~~~:~ reportedly reaped some $90,000 place .in the hall of fame. He selects th?se has brought to the House. from this tidy arrangement. we may uever Amer~can.s who hav~ ma~e outstandmg know how much Brown got because for rea- contributiOns for senwr Citizens through sons I don't understand, the Chiles 'subcom- legislative or civic work and bestows each RIPPING OFF THE POOR mittee declined to force him to testify. recipient with a certificate. He makes the One black "front man" who did talk (the awards "in recognition of outstanding subcommittee kept him hidden for days, but work performed that makes life more HON. LOUIS STOKES I managed to reach him) is Joseph Harris of meaningful for our elderly citizens." OF OHIO Richmond,Harris merely Va. went to his tire dealer, John Their · P h ? t ograp h s are P 1ac ed m· th . e h a 11 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wllliams, to get his tires changed some five of fame m Everett, Wash., alongside re­ Monday, July 18, 1977 years ago. W111iams and his brother, Louis, nowned men and women, such as Gov­ a doctor and prominent GOP figure, allegedly ernors and State legislators as as well as Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I am cer­ talked Harris into becoming president and those Americans who have quietly made tain that you and my colleagues in the a stockholder in a sand and gravel operation significant contributions to the elderly House have read the recent newspaper that they called Atlantic Materials, Inc. in their own localities. accounts of deception and and collusion With Harris out front, Senate probers say, Joe Kappler also keeps abreast of na- the group went to Thomas F. Regan, the . . . . in the application process of SBA mi­ Richmond district SBA director, and got a twnal and Sta~ leg~slatlon regardmg the nority business loans. Millions of dollars $350 ooo loan. (Regan is now in federal prison elderly and, m this way, serves as a have gone to white and other non­ serving a nine-year term for establishing liaison between the legislature and senior minority companies who have decep­ dummy corporations to receive SBA loans.) citizens. He regularly enlists the partici­ tively coerced blacks to "front" for them There is as yet no charge that Regan did pation of senior citizens in lawmaking in order to qualify fo-r funds. anything lllegal in the case of Harris and through his mailing list of over 1,000 re­ Noted syndicated columnist Carl T. Atlanti~ Materials. cipients. Using this medium of exchange, Rowan has written a hard-hitting edi­ I cant attest to the merits of Harris case, he manages to inform and encourage the which he is pursuing in the courts. But this torial on this fraudulent practice. Mr. situation does portray SBA at its worst. So elderly. Speaker, I only hope that the admin­ I ask: Mr. Kappler's work should encourage istration will take notice and institute Why do we let history repeat itself, over us all to keep ever mindful of the out­ measures to correct these abuses. Legit­ and over, where these programs for the poor standing contributions each senior citi­ imate minority businesses deserve all are abused? Why do we flagellate ourselves zen can make. In this time of renewed the financial help they can get. with these repeated congressional "revela- interest in our "roots" let us seek our At this time, Mr. Speaker, I would like tions" of money-grubbers stealing housing heritage first from th~ treasure trove of dollars, pocketing education funds, engaging . to submit to the RECORD Carl Rowan's in Medicaid graft, stealing food stamp each elderly ~er1can. ~ we seek an­ editorial which appeared in the Sunday funds-with only a stupid few ever jailed? swers about life, as we strive to be hap- edition of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Let's put some of these exploiters of the pier, more caring human beings, what July 10, 1977: poor-and programs to aid them-in prison. better way to learn than to tap the well­ NEW AREA IN GYPPING THE POOR ·Then maybe we can get away from this spring of knowledge of those who have (By Carl T. Rowan) centuries-old tragedy where them as has gets, already spent a lifetime at it. WASHINGTON.-Here We go again With and them as has not begets. As Joe Kappler puts it, "There's an old another chapter of that continuing American saying that you can't change the world, saga of ripping off poor people. but if I can do something and you can This time it's Sen. Lawton Chiles Jr., JOE KAPPLER: A CHAMPION FOR SENIOR CITIZENS do something then, bit by bit, the world D-Fla., and his Senate federal spending sub­ will change." committee telling us how white entre­ preneurs, aided by some black fast-buck stooges, have drained millions out of a Small HON. DON BONKER OF WASHINGTON EVENTS SHOW IMPORTANCE OF Business Administration (SBA) program INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION created to assist the "economically and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES socially disadvantaged." This SBA mess involves shameful collusion Monday, July 18, 1977 HON. PAUL SIMON by top omcials of the Nixon White House, Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, the work confiicts of interest by public omcials who OF ILLINOIS of Mr. Joe Kappler from Washington IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should have known better. State deserves acclaim, and my appre­ The SBA venture was laudably intended. Monday, July 18, 1977 Richard Nixon said often that he would give ciation for what he has done for senior black Americans "a piece of the action." So citizens of our country is but one voice Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, it is ironic he allocated hundreds of m1111ons of dollars among many heralding his work. that we have been cutting back on our ~ SBA prograins that were supposed to Mr. Kappler became disabled in 1968. exchange programs and have failed to July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23619 fund an international education pro­ weapons and the ultimate necessity and We may try to quiet our fears, we may try value of the breeder are current concerns to erase from our minds the lessons of his­ gram at a time when it is becoming in­ tory-- creasingly apparent that these programs for most of us, Chet Holifield has been in­ But have the human elements of avarice­ not only are helpful for the cause of volved with these issues from their in­ of hatred or of madness inspired by desperate humanity, generally, but specifically are ception, long before they were debated in conditions based on real or fancied dangers, helpful for the strategic interests of the the public arena. suddenly changed? United States. In a speech this June, Mr. Holifield Frankly I doubt that such a change has A week ago Sunday the Washington assessed the recent shift in our nuclear occurred. Therefore I am deeply concerned. Post contained an article by the highest policy and its ramifications. The international deficit in energy fu~l I wish to share his thoughts with you. sources can not be solved on a national basis. ranking insider to defect from the Soviet No nation, regardless of its indigenous Union in decades, Mr. Boris Rabbot. And Due to the length of the speech it will fuel resources can control the powerful in that article, among other things, he appear in the RECORD in two parts: forces which will be set in motion by man's says- ENERGY-A WORLD WIDE DEFICIT PROBLEM failure to realize that all nations are in­ Exchange programs have had a great im­ Mr. Chairman, Friends, I am indeed volved. pact on Soviet academic and cultural life. honored by your invitation to speak to you No nation can safely hoard its fuel re­ In Moscow and Leningrad, Soviet academics today. As a layman with no ·scientific or sources and preserve its national perpetuity have been able to meet freely with West­ engineering degrees, I do not feel qualified as an island of safety, whtle other nations ern exchange participants, exchange scien­ to discuss the intricacies of those disciplines. perish. tific literature and foreign languages and in­ My remarks therefore wm be based on No nation can use its relative position vite foreign colleagues home without fear. twenty eight years of experience in the Joint of advantage to dictate to less fortunate na­ Committee on Atomic Energy. That commit­ tions tertns of international conduct, nor Recently, in a briefing for a number of tee, by the way, happened to be the first con­ can it impose on a weaker nation fiscal his colleagues in the House, our Ambas­ gressional committee charged with legislative policies that are unrealistic or unbearable. sador to the United Nations, Andrew and oversight responsibilities in evaluating It was in my third year in Congress serv­ Young, pointed out that there is a sub­ scientific and engineering research and de­ ing as a member of the House Committee velopment projects which built our massive on M111tary Affairs, when we entered the stantial residue of goodwill for the atomic capab111ty. atomic age. In that fateful year of. 1945, United States in the African countries I will discuss the background of our mankind stood paralyzed before the mush­ because so many Africans have been edu­ congressional effort and try to analyze the room clouds that rose over the Japanese cated in the United States. importance of our accomplishments, par­ cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. But in contrast to an increasing world ticularly in the energy programs and the im­ Fate threw me into man's first legisla­ interdependence and in spite of the obvi­ pact which President Carter's decision to tive efforts to control and direct the newest, ous benefits derived from these exchange terminate the liquid metal fast breeder pro­ most powerful, most concentrated source of programs, our commitment to funding gram wm have on our economic and political energy ever discovered and used by man. system. The fission of the atom !I! international education programs has The energy fuel deficit is world wide, with In the House Committee on Military Af­ never been substantial and is, in fact, only a few national exceptions. These excep­ fairs we received the first draft of legislation declining. tions are mainly the OPEC countries of the from Secretary of War Robert Patterson­ As I noted when the House was con­ Middle East, the Soviet Union and minor the May-Johnson bill. That bill provided for sidering the Foreign Relations Author­ oil production areas in South America, Indo­ mmtary control of the atom. It failed com­ ization Act, funding for the Fulbright­ nesia and Algeria. pletely to grasp the promise of the atom. Hays exchange program is 30 percent The impact of the energy fuel deficit has I wrote the dissenting report and Con­ more effect in the industrially developed na­ gressman Mel Price and I were the only two smaller than it was 10 years ago, in tions, because their economics have a higher members of the committee who signed it. terms of constant dollars. And although standard of living, which has been built on Months later the McMahon bill was the 1978 Fulbright authorization was in­ a greater per capita use of fossil fuels. passed in the Senate and in the House pro­ creased somewhat in order to respond to The complex mass production, mass con­ viding for civilian control and for the-correc­ the challenge of our Helsinki agree­ sumption societies are finding their fiscal, tion of many of the defects in the original ments, that increase was denied in the social and political structures threatened May-Johnson blll, as defined in our dissent­ appropriations bill. because: ing report. Similarly, despite their importance to 1. They do not possess indigenous fos­ I served on the Joint Committee of the sil fuels for their energy sources, or House and Senate from its establishment in our understanding of other nations and 2. They no longer can afford the finan­ 1946 to the time of my retirement on De­ ability to strengthen the ties of interna­ cial drain on their fiscal resources due to cember 30, 1974-twenty eight years. tional cooperation, both section 603 of the unparalleled rise in the cost of imported Durmg those three decades the United title VI of the National Defense Educa­ oil and gas. States worked very energetically, first-to tion Act and the International Education It is true that a few of the industrially develop the strongest atomic weapon inven­ Act of 1966 were left unfunded in the developed countries have some indigenous tory in the world. HEW appropriation bill. The cost of this supplies of coal, oil or gas. These countries Second, to develop over 2,000 peacetime ap­ neglect in our ability to deal intelligently may be in a better position to postpone an plications of atomic energy. Great Britain, and sensitively with the rest of the world early collapse of their economic, social and France. the Soviet Union and India also must be immense. We cannot afford not political structures, but they can take small achieved atomic weapons. comfort in their present relatively better po­ It is a true statement to say that the to fund a greater effort in international sition. They too are facing a. dangerous fu­ education in the future. combined total of atomic weapons owned by ture. They can compute with fair accuracy the nuclear weapon nations could, if used, the time when they too will face collapse. destroy the world's great cities and most of CHET HOLIFIELD SPEAKS OUT FOR Each nation faces a different set of prob­ the billions of people that live on our small lems which wlll determine their duration­ planet. THE BREEDER-PART I their national destiny. Every de\•eloped or developing nation, It is because of this true statement that which Js short of fossil fuels, is now com­ the nations of the world can no longer resort HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE peting for the energy fuels of the oil and gas to world wars to settle their international OF TEXAS producing nations. There is no stab111ty to differences. Self survival is the strongest in­ stinct in the human being. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the present or future price level which may ~ be exacted, nor can any of the buying na­ We must therefore abandon war between Monday, July 18, 1977 tions predict the future degree of supply nations. we must co-operate in the solution .Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the Hon­ availab111ty. of global problems in order to insure mutual orable Chet Holifield spent 28 years as a When human beinRS become desperate survival. they are prone to use desperate measures to The world'·s greatest problem today and member of the Joint Committee on in the coming three decade;,s is to develop Atomic Energy. He has had the distinct protect and prolong their natural lives. History records that when nations be­ every source of energy possible. Concurrently advantage of being able to assess our come desperate, they too take desperate ac­ the nations of the world must develop fair present nuclear status in light of its en­ tions to protect their national survival­ sharing procedures. I know this seems to tire historical perspective. His intimate their national destiny. most of us an impossible goal-until we con­ kly>wledge of this Nation's nuclear meta­ We know that the great wars of the past sider any alternate policy. morphosis makes his judgment on nu­ were basically caused by the ambitions of I said ••every source of energy possible." clear issues most valuable. Whereas the men fired with dreatns of conquest of lands, There is a vital need for every source. Coal, debate over proliferation of nuclear trade routes, slaves and accumulated wealth. oil, gas, nuclear, solar, geo-thermal, wind, 23620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 tides, human and animal, fusion, etc., etc., . cause of less aggressive support by industry AIR BAGS LESS SAFE; INSURANCE certainly the elimination of energy waste has and by Government are not in a position an important part in the picture of wisely to go to engineering development at this CLAIMS PHONY using such energy as may be available. We time." can not rule out or delay the development Reference: Hearings before the Joint Com­ of any form or source of energy regardless mittee Septemer 7, 8, and 12, 1972. HON. BUD SHUSTER of the technical problems if the cost is justi­ That testimony was given five years ago. OF PENNSYLVANIA fiable. It was true then and it is more needed today IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We cnn not foreclose or delay the use of than it was before the OPEC oil embargo plutonium in any feasible mixture that wm when imported oil from OPEC cost $3.00 per Monday, July 18, 1977 increase the use of uranium 238 or uranium barrel-a fourth of its cost today. Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, there are 235 or energize fertile elements such as I believe that President Carter is making a two major new developments in the air thorium. tragic mistake in his announced policy of bag controversy which I would like to Of course there is an ever present danger terminating the liquid metal fast breeder of the proliferation of nucle·ar weapons. The reactor. He has too many advisors who have share with my colleagues. genie can not be put back into the bottle. We traditionally opposed the fast breeder de­ First, statistical data showing that air have known that since it was first released. velopment. bags are less safe than safety belts has The primary challenge tha.t faces the I do not believe he has availed himself of been obtained fron: NHTSA, the Federal world's people is the attainment of enough knowledgeable advice from hundl'eds of agency that is pushing for mandatory energy to preserve the 11 ves of an exploding eminent scientists, engineers and chemists air bags. Specifically, the data shows that birthrate that could double the wQ.rld's pop­ who have developed more than two thousand your chance of being killed in a serious ulation in a few decades. If we can do this peace time applications of the atom. seemingly impossible task of increasing As far as I know, he has not consulted car crash is 5% times higher using an energy supply, surely we can, thru co-opera­ with the Members of the House and Senate air bag equipped car instead of wearing tion, develop international safe guards who for many years studied atomic problems. safety belts. Your chance of being in­ against the misuse of any energy source fuel Men who were responsible for more than $140 jured is nearly 2% times higher. Sur­ we can develop. billion dollars of authorization and appropri­ prisingly, the air bag did not even inftate Th~re were those who said we would· never ations of Federal monies. in 42 percent of the tow away crashes. consuma.te an international treaty to dimin, The chairman of the Science and Tech­ ish the spread of radioactivity from weapon nology Committee, Olin Teague returned Chart 1 shows that in 230 tow away testing, but we did develop the nuclear test from a conference in Europe on June 7th, crashes with air bag equipped cars, fatal­ ban treaty. We developed under United just two weeks ago. He held conferences ities occurred in 1. 7 percent of the ac­ States leadership the international agency on with officials of the International Atomic cidents. HoweYer, in 4,032 crashes where atomic energy. Energy Agency (which we sponsored in 1957), safety belts were worn, fatalities oc­ We developed the non proliferation treaty. the French Atomic Energy Agency and the curred in only 0.3 percent of the acci­ None of these international organizations International Energy Agency. He reported to dents, making the safety belts 5.5 times are perfect-but they have been valuable the press and his committee as follows. as effective as lifesavers. The same crash devices to obtain a measure of stablUty in "Quite simply, we found no agreement a rather unstable world. abroad with President Carter's proposal to data indicated that injuries occurred in I believe that we all appreciate that the halt breeder reactor development. It seems 13.9 percent of the air bag cars and only national leadership of the United States is obvious that if our breeder program is cur­ 5.9 percent of the cars where safety belts important to achieving stabUity in the world. tailed now as President Carter proposed, it were worn, making the belts 2.4 times as We can not provide that leadership without will be done unilaterally, no European nation effective in preventing injuries. Eighty­ wisdom a.nd hummty. We must have the will go along with us," he said. seven percent of the air bag cars were respect and the co-operation of most of the Let us recall that we led in forming the also equipped with lap belts. other great nations in the world to achieve International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957, such a goal. I would vigorously support the air bag for the purpose of safe guarding the develop.:. if the evidence showed that it was ef­ I have no desire to criticize our President. ment of the peaceful atom. We took the lead In my thirty two years in Congress I served mainly to minimize the proliferation of fective. But, even when allowing for only under seven Presidents. Roosevelt, Truman, nuclear weapons. 30 percent of the people wearing safety Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon and belts, NHTSA's own data shows that Ford. I never felt it nece.ssary to indulge Suddenly without warning as Chairman in carping criticism or bitter personal re­ Teague said, "We took unilateral action with­ more lives can be saved with safety belts marks about any of those distinguished men. out either seeking the advice of this 110 than with air bags. These statistics may I never agreed 100 percent with their actions nation group or telling them where we not be conclusive. but it is the data avail­ or philosophies. thought they were falllng short in carrying able. The NHTSA air bag report also But I was ever conscious of the tremen­ out their objectives in safeguarding nuclear states: dous responsib111ties which rested upon them materials. To say the least this has the out­ ward appearance of a no confidence vote in Unfortunately tpe small number of air bag every minute of their terms of service. equipoed vehicles and the resulting small I believe that President Carter is a ma.n the organization". of honor and possessed of a. strong motiva­ I quote Chairman Teague further because number of accidents make it impossible to he and his five committee members made the quantitatively measure their in1ury and tion to serve this Nation with his best effort. fatality reducing effectiveness. We believe He seems to be moving very fast on a contact with the international agencies in Europe which the Carter administration that as the life and injury-reducing potential number of fronts. Considering his back­ of the system is demonstrated to the public ground of experience and the complications should have made prior to the President's announcement of breeder termination. I and desi~n improvements are made, this con­ inherent in national and global problems, cern will be minimized. I would feel more comfortable if his pace quote- was a bit slower and if he had more experi­ "The officials with whom we met politely So, we are first given statistics which enced advisors. !n atomic matters as an ex­ but firmly expressed their concerns over what show that air bags are not as safe as ample, he apparently is advising with a ma­ has been proposed in the nuclear policy safety belts, then told to disregard the jority of people that have been traditionally changes. There was also unanimity in their statistics because they are not reliable, opposed to the use of atomic energy. I speak views. Thoy made it clear that they are con­ of individuals such as David Freeman, Gus vinced that plutonium is important as a fuel and finally told, in effect, to trust the Speth, Russel Train and Charles Warren. and development of the breeder can not be judgment of the bureaucrats that I must except James Schlessinger who stopped. They indicated their appreciation Americans should be ordered to buy air has a very knowledgeable background in of the fact that the United States, with in­ bags. The same bureaucrats who gave atomic matters as well as Federal Govern­ digenous supplies of both fossil fuels and us the mandatory buzzer interlock sys­ ment service. I can not understand his posi­ uranium, may have a little more time in tem. It seems more reasonable that the tion on the L.M.F.B.R. termination. When putting the breeder to use. But they were proper approach is to stick to the agree­ he wa.s chairman of the A.E.C. he was a also unanimous in their views that our needs ment former Secretary of Transporta­ strong supporter of the breeder. On Sep­ for the breeder are close to urgent also, and tion Coleman extracted from the auto tember 12, 1972 Mr. Schlesinger in testimony if we cause a hiatus in our efforts we may before the joint committee had this to sa.y­ not be able to build up the technical teams industry last year to market as many "the breeder reactor obviously is a most im­ which are needed to bring the breeder into as 440,000 air bag cars over the next pressive candidate for a major role in the our time." several years, and then use that experi­ future. It has, because of the energetic activ­ There is little wonder then that the Science ence to make a sound air bag decision. ities of the atomic energy commission over and Technology Committee has restored the It is scary, that 9 percent of airbag in­ a period of twenty years. reached the stage 150 m1llion dollar annual appropriation for flation to date have been accidental. of engineering development, unlike some the breeder which President Carter had cut The initial air bag cost of approxi­ other possible sources of energy, which be- to thirty-one million dollars. mately $200 does not include the re- July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23621 placement cost after inflation, which is discount on a $312 policy and 17 Nation­ CHART NO. l.-AIR BAG VERSUS SAFETY BELT EXPERIENCE estimated to exceed the original cost. wide agents, a $1.41 discount on a $295 The second major development is that policy. Air Sa~~t~ we have investigated the claim by the So, the much touted reduced insur­ bag Safety ratio air bag lobby that insurance premiums ance premiums will offset the original equip­ belt to air could be reduced by 30 percent with air cost of the air bag only if one drives the ped t usage 2 bag bags, and found that air bag users cur­ same car for 83.3 years. None would in­ rently are getting less than 1 percent sure the replacement cost of accidental Tow away crashes inves­ tigated • • ------3 230 4, 032 ------price reduction ·from the three insur­ inflations. Ten other insurance com­ Fatalities. ______4 12 ( 1.7:0.3 (Percent) ______(1. 7) (0. 3) ______ance companies that support the air panies contacted offered no price re­ lnjunes. ______32 239 6 12.9:5.9 bag. We obtained quotations on a typi­ duction for air bag equipped cars. (Percent) ______(13. 9) (5. 9) ______cal 1974 Oldsmobile Delta 88, with and The air bag order is most unfair to without air bags, from 50 different in­ the millions of Americans who wear t "A Summary of Air Bag Field Experience," pp. 3 and 4 surance agents in Pennsylvania, Mary­ safety belts, forcing them to pay extra National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Report. land, Virginia, and Washington, D.C., for a system that may be less safe than 2 "A Statistical Analysis of Seat Belt Effectiveness in 1973-75 Model Cars Involved m Tow Away Crashes," p. v. National representing Allstate, GEICO, and Na­ the one already in their car. Congress Highway Traffic Safety Administration Report. tionwide-chart 2. Allstate agents should disapprove the mandatory air a National Highway Traffic Safety Adm inistration Tow Away Crash Data through May 31, 1977. quoted an average discount of $3.44 on bag, unless or until, a better case is '5.5 times safer. a $281 policy, 15 GEICO agents, a $2.29 made. 5 2.4 times safer.

CHART NO. 2.-INSURANCE COMPANY INVESTIGATION SUMMARY

Total Total Number without with Total Averaae Company of contact air bags Averaae air bags Averaae difference difference Percentage of total

Allstate. ______----- ______------______18 5, 067.04 281.50 5, 005. 14 278.06 61.90 3.44 0.01221 or 1.2 percent. Nationwide. ___ ----·---- _------______------______- --- _ 17 5, 010.23 294.72 4, 986.29 293. 31 23.94 1. 41 0.00477 or Y2 of 1 percent. GEICO. _•• __ ___------.------_------15 4, 681.90 312.13 4, 647.50 309. 83 34. 40 2. 29 0.00734 or % of 1 percent. TotaL------50 14,759.17 295. 18 14, 638.93 292.78 120.24 2.40 0.0081467 or l}fo of 1 percent. 10 other companies. ______----- _____ ----- ______--- - ___ 2, 231. 02 223. 10 2, 231.02 223. 10 ------

BOND FOR ALIENS TO REDUCE tion Service-INS-having jurisdiction Since Mrs. CHISHOLM's remarks are so WELFARE ABUSES over the intended place of residence of pertinent to the issues which Congress an alien approves the public charge bond will be facing during the next year as prior to the issuance of an immigrant we review that act and as we try to find HON. JOHN KREBS visa to the alien upon receipt of a notifi­ better ways to fashion these programs, OF CALIFORNIA cation from a United States consular I would like to share with the Members IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES officer or upon presentation by an inter­ the full text of her statement. I believe Monday, July 18, 1977 ested person of notification from the that her comments are most relevant and consular officer that such a bond is re­ will be useful to all of us as we reformu­ Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, on June 30, quired. The District Director keeps a late our own thinking on title I and these I introduced H.R. 8154, requiring the current list of companies holding certifi­ other programs: posting of a $5,000 bond by the sponsor cates of authority as acceptable sureties TESTIMONY BY CONGRESSWOMAN SHmLEY of an alien seeking admission to the on Federal bonds and this list is made CHISHOLM United States as an immigrant when, in available to prospective sponsors. Upon Commissioner Boyer, Secretary Berry, and the judgment of the U.S. consular offi­ acceptance of such a bond, the District ladies and gentlemen: It is indeed a pleasure cials, the possibility exists that the alien Director of the INS notifies the U.S. for me to come before you today to discuss will become a public charge. Under pres­ consular officer who requested the bond, the reauthorization of programs under the ent law, such a bond is not mandatory giving the date, place of acceptance and Elementary & Secondary Education Act. I and my bill will close this loophole by the amount of the bond. believe that these hearings provide an im­ making the bond a required step before portant forum for public input and par­ On Friday, July 22 I plan to reintro­ ticipation in the formulation of educational such aliens are admitted to this country. duce H.R. 8154 and have asked my col­ policy. Furthermore, I hope that additional There will be a $15,000 limit on the bond leagues to join me in cosponsoring this hearings can be scheduled in other areas of in the case of an immigrant family of measure, which is now awaiting action the country, to provide a means of participa­ three or more members. The bond will be in the Subcommittee on Immigration, tion to an even greater number of individuals in effect for 3 years from the date it is Citizenship, and International Law of who traditionally have been excluded from posted and, under the terms of the bond, the House Committee on the Judiciary. this process Federal, State, and local governments One might justifiably ask why I need to come before these public hearings to express spending public assistance moneys on views on these programs, when, as a mem­ such aliens will have an opportunity to REMARKS ON COMPENSATORY ber of Congress, I will get to vote on them recoup the payments by proceeding EDUCATION on the House floor. Traditionally, it is the against the bond. administration which comes before Congress Recent revelations have disclosed that to present its programs and legislative pro­ all too often legally admitted immigrants HON. CARL D. PERKINS posals-but I enjoy turning the tables, and have been receiving public assistance OF KENTUCKY having an opportunity to present some of soon after arriving in this country. Even IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES my personal concerns about education to the administration before its proposals have more shocking is evidence that some Monday, July 18, 1977 been formed. I should remind you that I was sponsors of these aliens were aware that an educator long before I became a politician, such aliens would apply for welfare pay­ Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, on July 13, and I have always held the educational fu­ ments immediately upon arrival in the Congresswoman SHIRLEY CHISHOLM pre­ ture of our children as my foremost concern. United States. Furthermore, courts have sented testimony at a hearing being con­ I appreciate then, this opportunity to share held that affidavits of support filed by ducted by the Department of Health, a few thoughts with you this morning. sponsors are not legally enforceable. Education, and Welfare on the reau­ The aspect of the Elementary and Second­ Thus, governmental entities often can­ thorization of the Elementary and Sec­ ary Education Act which I would like focus not recover public assistance moneys ondary Education Act. Mrs. CHISHOLM's upon is title I, compensatory education. Title I is recognized as our major Federal ef­ paid to aliens. primary concern was with fipding ways fort to improve educational achievement and The mechanism for the acceptance of to improve the effectiveness of the com­ opportunity for disadvantaged children. Also, such a bond already exists under present pensatory education programs which this will be a critically important year for Federal regulations. The District Direc­ are being offered under title I of that title I. The Education and Labor Committee's tor of the Immigration and Naturaliza- act. Subcommittee on Elementary, Secondary, 23622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 and Vocational Education has set aside some visable to divert money from programs target areas must be at least 95 percent of three months for oversight hearings, and planned for the regular academic year, in the comparable expenditures in non-target title I is expected to receive more congres­ order to conduct summer enrichment. I be­ schools, and supplanting, which provides sional attention than in any other year since lieve then that we need to increase the ap­ that title I funds must supplement not re­ its enactment. Already, legislative proposals propriation for title I, and perhaps through place State and local funds being expended for revising title I have been introduced in discretionary or model prcgram grant incen­ in the target area, are being eroded. These Congress, and we can expect a great deal of tives, encourage the development of these aspects must be enforced if we are truly to discussion to be generated when NIE releases efforts. I think that other Members of Con­ have an impact upon educating disadvan­ the final report of its two year study of com­ gress wlll work with me to this end, but the taged children. Otherwise, title I will become pensatory education. In light of this interest administration wlll have to take the initia­ little more than fiscal relief to local areas to and attention, it is my hope that the admin­ tive to document the need for such a bridge, maintain the status quo. istration wm give a great deal of thought to as well as to encourage Congress to provide ALLOCATION CRITERIA improving title I's ab111ty to meet the educa­ sufficient resources for them. I hope we wlll tional needs of disadvantaged children, and be able to work together to fill this gap, One of the more controversial questions that this wm result in some thoughtful in­ which may stand in the way of further im­ which wm occupy Congress reauthorization novation of an important program. I would proving and maintaining achievement gains w111 be the criteria by Which title I funds now like to address some of the areas which for title I students. are to be allocated. Very early in the reau­ thorization process, the notion was advanced are of concern to me: HEW AUDIT PROCEDURES FOR TITLE I that the criteria should shift solely to a REORGANIZATION OF THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION I believe that there is a lack of coordina­ measure of educational deprivation, rather I believe that there needs to be a more di­ tion in the manner in which HEW resolves than economic deprivation. Although this is rect line of reporting between the division audit exceptions. As it currently stands, each an issue which will be discussed fully during of education for the disadvantaged and the layer of the Office of Education Management the reauthoriZation process, I would like to commissioner. Dr. Boyer, although you have must sustain the report of the audit agency briefly outline a few of the reasons why I wm recently reorganized the Office of Education, before a letter of findings can be issued to oppose any such shift in the allocation there st111 remain some three layers of bu­ the State. Often, the Office of Education can­ formula: reaucracy which separate you from the divi­ not agree on the provisions of the audit re­ 1. Poverty : is a good proxy of education­ sion which administers title I. The previous port, and this can significantly delay its is­ ally deprived poor children and education­ two administrations had little commitment suance. In 1974, though, Congress set a ally deprived children have to face a double to compensatory education, hoping ulti­ statute of limitations, of five years, for mak­ burden. According to the proposed educa­ mately to shift title I into a program of gen­ ing a final determination of any alleged mis­ tional deprivation formula, economically ad­ eral aid to the States. It was convenient, deed. This has resulted in many States get­ vantaged children could draw just as heavily therefore, to isolate title I with several layers ting off the hook because of long delays in upon title I resources as poor children. of reporting. It is my belief that this admin­ OE coming to resolution on the audit find­ Middle and upper income youngsters who do istration feels differently about the impor­ ings. Five years is certainly a reasonable goal not excell academically do not face the same tance of title I, and I hope that this wm be for issuance of audit findings, so that it is obstacles as low-income educationally disad­ reflected in the establishment of a more di­ clear that there needs to be some stream­ vantaged children. rect relationship with the Commissioner. lining of the in-house procedure by which 2. Wf' do not have a good instrument by Other programs, such as right to read, teacher the Office of Education sustains the audit which we can measure educational attain­ corps, and bilingual education report directly agency's findings. ment. to the Commissioner even though the scope Not only is there a problem in issuing 3. In effect, such a formula would pen­ of their programs are less than title I. I do audit findings, but it has also come to my alize successful title I programs in poor com­ not mean to suggest that the only alternative attention that the Government has had dif­ munities. For example, if you had a good is for the division to report directly to the ficulty getting back money from the State program in a poor community which, over a · Commissioner, that is an administrative deci­ when audit exceptions have been decided. two year period, had raised their title I sion, but I do feel strongly that it needs to Perhaps we need to define sanctions that will children to an average rate of educational be streamlined, so that once again title I be taken if, after not contesting the findings, progress, then the next year all of the spe­ w111 have the ear of the education policy­ or losing the appeal, a State falls to clear its cial programs in math and reading funded makers. outstanding audit debt. by title I would be cut off, as they would no In a related issue, I am certain that today In discussing the audit procedure recently longer qualify. Then to make this vicious you will hear expressions of concern that, With someone, they remarked that "the cycle complete, only after a couple of years although title I represents almost one-third wonder is not that HEW does not get its without title I services, when the students of OE's budget, it has less than 2 percent money back, but that the audit system func­ academic achievement had sufficiently re­ of the staff in the Office of Education. I be­ tions at all". In fact I was even told that gressed, would they again be eligible for lieve that this speaks to the need for approval on audits were held up because a title I monies. If this allocation formula strengthening staff resources. Currently, particular administrator would not sign off were adopted, it would become a living there is only one title I staffperson, a regional on audit exceptions for supplanting because nightmare to poor communities across the program specialist, in each of the ten regional of a lack of personal conviction that sup­ country. I urge citizens, as well as education offices. This can only have a detrimental ef­ planting violates the premise of title I . I and community groups to speak out loud fect on the ability of the Office of Education would have to strongly state that this cir­ and clear against this proposal, as nothing to conduct meaningful program reviews, or cumvents the law, and whether intentional more than a sham to obliterate title I's provide adequate technical assistance to or not, it is unconscionable for these audits effectiveness. States and LEAs. I hope that in the coming to get continually bot;ged down in a bureau­ PARENT EDUCATION months, you will move to increase program cratic quagmire. A final program consideration which I hope staff at the regional and Washington levels. In another area, I am concerned about the will receive your attention is enhancing the A "SUMMER BRIDGE" FOR TITLE I STUDENTS amount of technical assistance which OE is role which parents play in supporting their Through my readings, a serious problem providing to the audit agency. Is the Office of child's educational progress. A great deal of has come to my attention with regard to Education doing a good job of providing educational research has identified the home structuring of school programs. According technical assistance, so that people are aware as the key factor in the academic perform­ to reaserch, title I students are prozressing at of the legal requirements or title I? These ance of children. A recent newsletter from a rate of achievement significantly greater are questions which need to be answered in the lawyer's committee for civil rights under than non-title I children, almost equal to conjunction with any action to streamline law-Federal education project cited studies the average achievement rates. According to the auditing process. which show that family background factors the Federal education project, title I stu­ I urge the administration to move to such as income level, and parent expectations dents are in fact achieving at a rate of one streamline this process, because without a for children, account for more variance 1n month for each month in title I. Unfortu­ strong mechanism there wm be no means for achievement scores than school factors such nately, in the absence of such enrichment insuring enforcement of the law. As you look as per pupil expenditures and teacher's level during the summer vacation. this progress at auditing, I think consideration should also of education. They also note, though, that reverses, and title I students tend to lose up be given to establishing positive incentives specific parent behaviors and attitudes which to a month or more of progress. To me, this for States and local school districts which promote student achievement, cut across in­ indicates a strong need to develop and en­ have used title I funds properly. Perhaps an come brackets, and are not limited to any courage title I "summer bridge" programs additional allocation of 1 percent for dis­ particular social class; "the key to higher which, through continued educational en­ cretionary or pilot programs could be con­ achievement levels is what parents actually richment and stimulation, protect the prog­ sidered. I think it an approach worth fur­ do with their children-not the amount of ress a title I student has made, and insure ther study. money or education they have". that this achievement is carried over to the In a sense, all of these issues relate to a This is a strong statement which I fully following school year. concern I have about the laws which guide agree with. In fact, several compensatory ed­ I am also sensitive to the fact that, as of the use of title 1 funds; com-parab111ty which ucation programs have been successful in now, we are functioning within a system stipulates that per pupil expenditures from establishing parent-tutors as an integral of limited resources, and it would not be ad- State and local fund-s in schools in title I part of the instructional program. Realizing July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23623 that we cannot take money away from chil­ value in keeping me informed on prob­ reporting in December 1972, only 15 met per­ dren in order to promote parent education, lems facing those who are disabled. sonnel readiness criteria. In December 1976, I again look to the administration to be a The club is currently working on ef­ 26 of 26 units met criteria. catalyst when innovation is warranted. In 3. Senior commanders have stated that particular, I hope that you w1ll look at the forts to have establised a national hous­ this is the best Army in 30 years. The follow­ importance of parental involvement, and ing for the handicapped week. I am look­ ing statistics back these statements. again present some findings to Congress. If ing forward to working with them in this additional funds are justified to make parent effort. [In percent) education a possib111ty, please let us know, All of us who have been fortunate as we are counting upon the administration enough to be blessed with a sound body Fiscal Fiscal to take an activist role in furthering the can learn a lesson, I feel, from the ISC. year year goals of title I through program improve­ 1972 1976 ment. I have touched upon many issues in title Profile of Army-total high I which I believe are important and worthy EFFICIENCIES ACCOMPLISHED school graduates/GED_____ 70. 1 81. 1 of discussion and study. I greatly appreciate Mental category IV as per- the opportunity you have given me to share SINCE INCEPTION OF ALL VOL­ cent of accessions______18.2 7. 6 my concerns about title I, a program which UNTEER FORCE Reenlistment rates (percent so vitally affects the futures of our young of eligible) totaL______18.5 51.2 people. I hope that this dialogue w111 be Reenlistment rates (percent continued and broadened, and I look for­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER of eligible) : ward to the challenge of working with many OF WISCONSIN First term______9. 6 33. 7 of you here to build' a better future for our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES young people. Career ------37.5 69.9 Monday, July 18, 1977 MOS AWOL (percent of total) ------4.09 1.11 Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, the De­ Desertion (percent of total)_ 1. 61 . 29 partment of the Army recently issued an Courts-martial (percent of AWARENESS OF DISABLED INDIVID­ information paper detailing some of the total) ------. 76 . 27 UALS efficiencies accomplished since the in­ Separations less than hon- ception of the All Volunteer Force­ orable (percent of total)__ .96 .47 AVF. I had requested the information in HON. NORMAN D. DICKS 4. The combined improvements in struc­ OF WASHINGTON a meeting last month with Secretary of ture, procedures, and improved quality in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Army Clifford Alexander. the Army from fiscal year 1972 projected The information contained in the in­ through fiscal year 1978 permit an increase Monday, July 18, 1977 formation paper gives an excellent per­ of 3 active divisions, an overall reduction of Mr. DICKS. Mr. Speaker, the difficul­ spective of what has been accomplished 21,000 Active Army end strength, and reduc­ ties faced by disabled individuals have since we in Congress chose to end the tion of 68,000 civilians. recently become a subject of considera­ draft 4 years ago. The constrast between 5. While efficiencies have been affected in ble attention by the Congress, the execu­ the draft era and today is remarkable in the active components, much more needs to terms of the strides made since incep­ be accomplished, and the Army is working tive and Government as a whole. In-:­ toward that end. Evaluations of current cost creased awareness has come about from tion of the AVF. reductions are under consideration and wm the private sector of our society as well. Because of the importance of the sta­ be forthcoming at a later date. There are, This is all for the good and I am happy tistics contained in the paper, I would however, serious shortages in the Individual that this situation is :finally being ad­ like at this time to place the body of the Ready Reserve (IRR) and in reserve com­ dressed on a broad scale. Army's study into the CONGRESSIONAL ponent recruiting. Army is currently con­ This awareness did not come about RECORD. The paper follows: ducting in depth studies on necessary re­ INFORMATION PAPER serve component improvement plans and re­ without a lot of push. I would like to take lated costs. this opportunity to recognize an organi­ SUBJECT zation which has for the last 47 years Efticiencies Accomplished Since Inception provided those with visible physical dis­ of All Volunteer Force WELCOME PRIME MINISTER BEGIN abilities an opportunity to work on their PURPOSE own behalf to establish an end to de­ To identify efficiencies that the Army has pendence on others and promote greater been able to effect since the All Volunteer HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ accessi~ility for the handicapped every­ Force was instituted. OF NEW YORK where. FACTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Indoor Sports Club, Inc. was 1. The draft ofticially ended in July 1973 Monday, July 18, 1977 founded in 1930 at the suggestion of a (effective December 1972). disabled shutin in California, Edna 2. Since the ending of the draft and the Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, tomorrow Enochs, by G. Allison Phelps. Since that Vietnam War, numerous actions have been at the White House the new Prime Minis­ time it has grown to include chapters in taken to consolidate headquarters, shift man­ ter of Israel, Menachem Begin, will be 49 States. power from support to combat functions, meeting with President Carter to discuss Members of the ISC have, through and reduce personnel turbulence in units, the mutual hopes of both our countries and improve the overall quality of the Army. united effort, been able to stimulate co­ Headquarters and support reductions in Eu­ for a just and lasting peace in the Mid­ operation among civic, religious, and rope, the Pacific, and CONUS wm result in dle East. fraternal organizations to bring a bet­ about 50,000 spaces for combat force im­ Yesterday, an advertisement taken out ter understanding and acceptance of the provement from end FY 74 to end FY 78. by David Weingarten, appeared in the physically disabled. The club has made In addition to the major efticiencies in the New York Times, expressing the solidar­ the difference between surrendering and force structure, improvements have been ity and support of the Jewish communi­ readjusting for many of these indi­ evident in procedures resulting from elimina­ ty in our country for the new Prime Min­ viduals. tion of two-year terms of service and man­ ister as he embarks on the most impor­ agement actions as follows: One of the major efforts of the ISC is a. Average tour lengths increased from 12 tant political mission of his long and dis­ in the area of promoting and supporting months to 25 months from FY 72 to FY 76. tinguished career. · legislation at the Federal, State, and lo­ b. As a result of increased tour lengths, the I am taking the liberty of placing it in cal levels. In my State there are anum­ average unit turnover (turbulence) rates the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD nOW because I ber of very active chapters which have have been reduced in Europe from 75 percent think it eloquently and effectively bears aided the State legislature in the draft­ in FY 72 to 48 percent in FY 76 and in CONUS witness to the moral significance of this ing and adoption of important legisla­ from 126 percent in FY 72 to 54 percent in historic meeting between the ,leaders of tion for the handicapped. FY 76. these two good and great democratic so­ c. 'fhe individual account (Trainees, Tran­ The current president of district :five, sients, Patients, and Prisoners) has dropped cieties. which includes the area I represent, is from 21 percent in 1972 to 16 percent in 1976. Mr. Weingarten prepared the adver­ Williapl S. Buell from Tacoma, Wash. d. The personnel readiness condition of tisement on his own but in doing so he My experience in working with him and major combat units (Divisions, Regiments, was also speaking for the entire Jewish his organization has been of considerable Separate Bdes;Bn) improved. Of 20 units community in our country: 23624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 Welcome Mr. Menachem Begin, options. The rest of the Western World, port President Carter's recommendation Prime Minister of the State of Israel through our atoms for peace program, to phase out this contract. Menachem Ben Zev-Dov Begin, Shalom I was encouraged to develop their own The letter referred to above, describing When you walk into the White House you nuclear energy programs, including a the ERDA inexhaustible energy resource will not walk alone I breeder program, as we were developing Behind you walk forty centuries of the his­ study and how the LMFBR fits into this tory of the Jewish people; breeders in their country. At another study, follows: Thousands of years of Jewish glory; time I will elaborate on the history of UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH The majesty of the kings of Judea and Is- breeder research and development pro­ AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, rael; grams throughout the world. Washington, D.C., July 15,1977. the eternal wisdom of the Judges The nearly exclusive emphasis upon Hon. GEORGE E. BROWN, Jr. and the vision of the Prophets of Is­ nuclear energy research and develop­ House of Representatives, rael. ment continued in the United States un­ Congress of the United States Behind you walk twenty centuries of the Jew­ til 1974, when the Congress abolished DEAR MR. BROWN: I am pleased to reply ish Diaspora; to your lettter of July 5, 1977 in which you The blood stained pages of a tortured his­ the Atomic Energy Commission, estab­ expressed general interest in the Inexhaust­ tory lished the Energy Research and Develop­ ible Energy Resources Study (IERS) and of exile and dispersion, discrimination ment Administration, and passed the particular interest in how the LMFBR fits and bigotry Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research into it. and the fight for survival and revival. and Development Act of 1974 which es­ The IERS was commissioned earlier this Behind you walk millions of victims of In­ tablished, for the first time, a compre­ year by Robert W. Fri, Acting Administra­ quisitions and persecution hensive nonnuclear energy research and tor, as a major study to review the techno­ genocide, pogroms, concentration development program in the Federal logical alternatives for utilizing renewable camps and crematoria or inexhaustible energy resources and to You will be walking as the representative of Government. Since that time the Federal formulate a strategy for their development a reborn nation, energy research and development budget and deployment. The charter was essen­ with the blessing and prayers of our for nuclear programs has continued a tially to look at the inexhaustibles as a eternal People everywhere. modest growth, while the Federal non­ class and to make recommendations as to Mr. Prime Minister; nuclear energy programs have seen tre­ the total budget for all of them and the When you walk into the White House you mendous increases in funding. It has only balance between them. I might point out will not walk alone I that this is the first time since the creation been in the last 2 to 3 years that the of ERDA that there has been such a com­ Federal Government has looked closely prehensive review. Thus, the study 'reflects at solar energy, geothermal energy, and BALANCING THE ERDA BUDGET: the agency's commitment to begin taking a several other energy sources. more global approach to resource allocation PUTTING THE PLUTONIUM The newness of nonnuclear energy among the inexhaustibles. BREEDER IN PERSPECTIVE programs can be illustrated by the fact The study was originally conceived of as that ERDA is just now, for the first time, a five phase, 20 week effort, beginning in conducting a study of all inexhaustible late March and ending in late July or early HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. August. The primary target of the study is OF CALIFORNIA energy sources. According to ERDA, in the agency's summer Budget Review Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a letter I will insert in the RECORD at the mittee meeting where ERDA's FY 1979 conclusion of these remarks, the charter budget request to the President will be Monday, July 18, 1977 of this study was to "look at inexhausti­ formulated. This means that the major Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. bles as a class and to make recommenda­ work of this study must be completed by Speaker, the debate over the Clinch tfons as to the total budget for all of the end of July. We are still operating on River breeder reactor demonstration them." This study is, and I quote, "the that schedule, but we have slipped a little. first time since the creation of ERDA Therefore, it is just a bit premature for us project has covered a large number of to present our findings on the various op­ issues, and focused on many particular that there has been such a comprehen. , tions and on their negative and positive aspects of this phase of the liquid metal sive review." Since the LMFBR is one of aspects. However, within the next several fast breeder reactor commercialization 17 different inexhaustible energy options weeks as we wind up the initial phases of program. However, there has been little that ERDA is studying for the first time our work, I believe we will be in a position effort made to place breeder reactors, as competitors for research dollars and to brief you in detail; and we would, of and the LMFBR in particular, in the their potential contribution to our en­ course, be delighted to do so. proper perspective. ergy future, there should be little surprise The "bottom line" of this study will be a research, development and demonstration The LMFBR is one of several breeder in the decision by President Carter to (RD&D) strategy for the inexhaustibles technologies which show promise for the defer the commercialization of the over the next decade that will be used as a future. Breeder reactors are one of sev­ LMFBR at this time. guide in formulating ERDA budget requests eral fission reactors which can be used European countries have generally for all these options. In this context, the to generate electricity. Fission energy is followed the lead of the United States in technologies that are being analyzed in­ only one of several means to generate the energy field. They followed us on the clude those that tap any of the following electricity. In considering electrical en­ nuclear energy program, and on the primary resources--radiation from the sun; ergy sources for the 21st century, we breeder program within the nuclear pro­ the fusionable isotopes of the light ele­ ments, most notably those of hydrogen; the have many options, of which the gram. Since the United States is just be­ fertile ores, notably uranium and thorium; LMFBR is just one. The other nonfisson ginning to explore nonnuclear options, and the hot dry rock geothermal resource. options include a range of solar, fusion, there should be little surprise that other The LMFBR is amoung the options being and geothermal options. nations do not yet know that alternative considered; but among the technologies Since there are many energy options energy sources exist. Certainly the ex­ that could use fertile ores it is only one of for the future, one might ask why several istence of alternatives to the plutonium several which we are analyzing. We are also European countries, and until recently breeders changes the basis for commer­ looking at the gas-cooled fast reactor the United States, considered the LMBR cializing this technology, (GCFR). the light water breeder and cer­ as the energy option that the most re­ Mr. Speaker, we need a balanced Fed­ tain fission-fusion combinations. Indeed, all together the study wlll treat upwards of sources should be directed toward. The eral energy research and development seventeen different technologies including answer for this is not all that mysterious. program. We need to explore all of the nine solar options, two pure fusion options, The leader in developing new energy energy options for the future. The ERDA at least five fission options, and the hot drJ technologies, both today and in the past, inexhaustible energy resources study is rock option. is the United States. The major U.S. the first attempt to do this. Premature The study design is explained fully in the energy research development, and dem­ commercialization of the LMFBR is attached Bulletin. Fundamentally it is aimed onstration program had been in the counter to a balanced Federal energy re­ at answering the question of "How soon are field of nuclear energy. In the early search and development program and it the inexhaustibles needed?" If they are 1950's the U.S. energy program was the should not occur. Since the Clinch River· needed soon, the budgets must expand very rapidly; if they are not needed untll well into nuclear energy program of the Atomic breeder reactor demonstration project is the twenty-first century, the budgets can Energy Commission, and the energy op­ an integral part of this commercializa­ expand less rapidly. tions which were researched and devel- tion program, it should not be built at The balance between options will depend . oped were a variety of nuclear energy this time. This is another reason to sup- upon such matters as the relative cost of July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23625 energy from each option, the environmental SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH: MAKING SOLAR AFTER much of it was an outgrowth of the National effects of each, and the relative complexity THE NUCLEAR MODEL? Aeronautics and Space Administration of each. A major part of this study is being (By Allen L. Hammond and William D. Metz) (NASA) effort to find practical spin-otis from devoted to identifying an of the important A point about solar energy that govern­ space technology. After the 1969 Apollo moon generic characteristics of the inexhaustibles ment planners seem to have trouble grasping landings, four different NASA labs began to and to weighing them appropriately. is that it is fundamentally different from do modest amounts of solar energy research. From such analysis we hope to provide other energy sources. Solar energy is demo­ In 1972 the National Science Foundation guidance on the total RD&D budget for all of cratic. It falls on everyone and can be put to (NSF) became the lead agency for solar en­ the inexhaustible energy options; and on the use by individuals and small groups of people. ergy research, which was funded at only $2 relative balance between subprograms, i.e., The public enthusiasm for solar is perhaps as mlllion per year. Many of the early program the fraction of the total for photovoltaics, much a reflection of this unusual accessi­ managers came from NASA and much of the solar heatin:; and cooling, fusion, the LMFBR, b111ty as it is a vote for the environmental contracted research went to areospace com­ the GCFR, etc. kindliness and inherent renewab111ty of panies. The study first identifies the set of poten­ energy from the sun. In early 1975, all the solar research pro­ tial problems that may limit the deployment But the federal program to develop new grams were shifted from the NSF, which has of the "exhaustible" technologies, puts upper energy technology is giving only belated not been organized for commercial tech­ and lower time limits on when those prob­ recognition to solar energy's special charac­ nology development, to the newly formed lems must be solved, and from those con­ teristics. Despite the diffuse nature of the Energy Research and Development Adminis­ siderations determines the time range that resource, the research program has empha­ tration, where solar was cast into competi­ defines how soon we need the inexhaustibles. sized large central stations to produce solar tion with the nuclear breeder, the govern­ Then, based on a relatively detailed set of electricity in some distant future and has ment's newly invigorated coal program, and evaluation criteria, preferred mixes of inex­ largely ignored small solar devices for pro­ the growing program for fusion. In its first haustible technologies for different times in ducing on-site power-an approach one critic 12 years the ERDA solar program was greatly the range are determined, and the RD&D describes as "creating solar technologies in understaffed and overworked-at one time 60 required to bring the technologies to the the image of nuclear power." The program percent of the mail for the entire agency point where the preferred deployment could contains virtually no significant projects to concerned solar energy. But in spite of in­ be implemented is rolled back. This way we develop solar energy as a source of fuel~;> and stitutiona~ handicaps, the program grew are able to relate future technology deploy­ only modest efforts to exploit it as a source rapidiy because Congress authorized large in­ ment scenarios to today's budget decision of heat. The massive engineering projects de­ creases in the solar research budget-as much making process. signed by aerospace companies which domi­ as 80 percent above what the agency, officially While we have not yet completed all the nate much of the program seem to have in requested. steps outlined above, we have made signifi­ mind the existing utmty industry-rather The program under ERDA moved into a cant progress on a number of these. In the than individuals or communities-as the mode of design, construction, and testing of meantime, you and your staff are invited to ultimate consumer of solar energy equipment. various types of solar power pilot plants on the Public Meeting next Wednesday at which One consequence of this R & D emphasis an aggressive timetable. Feeling pressure to time I will present the results to date. If on large-scale, long-range systeins is to dis­ build up the solar program rapidly, ERDA I can be of any further assistance, please delegated a large--some critics would say feel free to contact me. tort economic and policy assessments of solar energy based on the current program, both dominan~role to its national laboratories Sincerely, and to various NASA laboratories. The differ­ BENNETT MILLER, within the Energy Research and Development Executive Director, Administration (ERDA) and in higher levels ent subprograms were evaluated in a series of Inexhaustible Energy Resources Study. of the government. Indeed, the potential of "mission analysis" studies, largely performed solar energy is still regarded with skepticism by aerospace contractors, and new priorities by many government energy officials and were set. Much :>f the evaluation was based publicly discounted by spokesmen for oil and on the capab111ty of various solar technolo­ electric utmty companies. Funds for solar gies to approach base-load electric power SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH: MAK­ research are leveling off, because of cuts supply-under the assumption that any­ ING SOLAR AFTER THE NUCLEAR made by the outgoing Ford Administration thing else would fall short of a major con­ MODEL? and confirmed, with minor overall changes tribution. During this crucial period of solid­ but some shift in emphasis, by the Carter ification, the program has no regular review Administration·. Agency officials concede that by an outside advisory board and there were HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER even the present federal program-represent­ no congressional oversight hearings. One of OF NEW YORK ing an investment less than one-half of that the strongest outside influences on the shape of the program, according to well-informed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'rATIVES for new coal technologies and a small fraction of that committed to the nuclear field-has observers, was the ut111ty industry. Monday, July 18, 1977 survived only because of the immense popu­ Today, government solar research is a $290 Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, those lar appeal of solar energy and consequent million effort spread among four subpro­ pressure from Congress. grams for electric applications, one for fuels, of us who oppose funding for the Clinch In contrast to this official skepticism is and two for heating, cooling, and related River breeder reactor, which is slated for the virtual explosion of optimism and activi­ direct applications, with a professional staff House authorization next week, are well ty elsewhere. Dozens of pieces of proposed so­ of about 70 persons. In fiscal 1978, the pro­ advised to present an alternative. Solar lar legislation and hundreds of companies gram recommended by the Carter Adminis­ options including solar electric, solar now manufacturing solar components reflect tration will grow only modestly to $320 mil­ thermal, wind power, and biomass pro­ this interest. The number of solar-heated lion. Because the various solar technologies vide such alternatives. houses built in the United States has dou­ are generally unrelated to each other, there is Not only is solar energy clean and bled approximately every 8 months since not a great deal of overlap between the re­ 1973, and the rate shows no signs of slacken­ search bases needed for the subprograms. The efficient, it can provide renewable onsite result is that the different solar options are power. And, to varying degrees, it is ing. The rapid buildup of a fledgling indus­ try has been matched or even exceeded by a at an even greater disadvantage vis-a-vis almost cost competitive compared to staggering rate of technical innovation in other energy programs than the total electricity at current prices. designs for solar equipment and in research solar research budget would indicate. What is needed to make it completely on advanced methods for capturing and us­ The largest allotment of ERDA funds and competitive is a change in policy toward ing solar energy. Measured by the number of staff resources has been for solar electric solar options at the national level. Re­ new ideas or the rate of progress, solar energy technologies. The concept which the ut111ty's search and development should concen­ has become the hottest property and the research arm-the Electric Power Research most sought after action in the energy field. Institute-sees as the most likely candidate trate on small solar devices for produc­ for central electrity generation is the power ing onsite power rather than large cen­ The burden of criticism from the solar en­ ergy community and from independent ana­ tower, a system with a boiler on a high tower tral stations to produce solar electricity lysts is that the federal program has lagged heated by the sunlight reflected from a field on the model of present nuclear plants. rather than led many of these developments of hundreds or thousands of sun-following Present programs seem to have in mind and that it has directed its research toward mirrors. The power tower with its related the existing utility industry by "creating goals that betray a lack of understanding of solar thermal systems is still the leading sub­ solar technologies in the image of nuclear program in dollar priority-$79 million in fis­ the solar resource. cal 1977. 1ij"ext is research on photovoltaic power." COMING TO GRIPS WITH SOLAR power systems-an effort to develop low-cost This quote is taken from the following The government's difficulty in coming to versions of the smcon cells used on space article, "Solar Energy Research: Mak­ grips with solar energy is understandable be­ satellites for converting sunlight directly to ing Solar After the Nuclear Model?" from cause the solar program was born, in an in­ electricity. Wind-power research, although it July's Science magazine. I commend to stitutional sense, only about 5 years ago. The is the solar electric technology closest to be­ my colleagues' attention the complete early work on solar energy was scattered ing economically competitive, receives only article which follows: among various g~vernment agencies, but nbout 8 percent of the solar budget. Approxi- 23626 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 mately 5 percent goes to develop methods of 10 to 15 years." "Onsite solar energy," the an ill-advised solar concept. In particular, extracting energy from the small temperature report declares, "must be regarded as an features such as scale and type of applica­ differences between surface and deep sea­ important option." tion have been heavily influenced by the orig­ water-a concept usually referred to as OTEC The solar thermal subprogram provides an inal choices for development, and there is (ocean thermal energy conversion) and con­ instance of how ERDA's choices of scale were considerable danger that values derived from ceived to produce electricity or perhaps an established. Initially, the subprogram was those choices wlll be the ones on which engi­ energy-intensive chemical in a. huge floating conceived of exclusively in terms of central neering and economic evaluations of future plant that would provide about 200 mega­ power stations, as large as possible. Charles support will be made. It is just such con­ watts of power. Still less money presently Grosskreutz, an analyst with the engineering siderations that lead environmentalists to goes to the solar resource that could be most firm of Black and Veatch during the period make the charge that solar energy is being versatile of all-plant matter or biomass, when it was involved in the initial program "set up" to fall. which can be converted into either heat, analysis of power towers for ERDA, says that Commenting on the desirability of pur­ fuels, or electricity. ERDA officials are gen­ "everyon~ started by considering a 1,000 meg­ suing parallel concepts, Marvin says that erally agreed that biomass is one area. in awatt size and quickly scaled it down to "it is not clear that we would not be more which they have yet to get a. strong and co­ about 10(} megawatts" when it became clear productive if we could pursue multiple herent program under way. that the tower height and the land acquisi­ paths." But he believes that it would be dis­ The solar heating and cooling subprogram tion problem were impractical for the larger ruptive, if not politically impossible, to stop is funded at $86 mlllion at present and $96 sizes. "To my knowledge," he says, "there are existing programs. He says ht• has attempted million in the fiscal 1978 budget. Solar home no good studies of the optimum size of these to correct what may be imbalances by bring­ and hot water heating is nearly competitive fac1lities." Little serious consideration ap­ ing in a new group of managers (two of in some areas of the country already. How­ pears to have been given to solar thermal whom just arrived this month), and by sup­ ever, the ERDA program has paid little at­ generating fa.cil1ties in conjunction with porting some of the neglected options as sec­ tention before now to the benefits of passive community-sca.le energy systems or biomass ondary, follow-on efforts when the budget solar heating~the capture of solar heat that fuel refineries-applications for which the allows. For instance, the fiscal 1978 budget can be achieved from a well-sealed south­ optimum size, according to Princeton Uni­ includes $8 mllllon for small-scale wlndmllls. facing window as opposed to a rooftop solar versity physicists Robert Williams and Frank Marvin notes, however, that "it doesn't gain collector used with a water or airflow system von Hippel, w111 probably be much less than us time lost." to carry the hea. t downstairs. Such systems 10 megawatts. According to Marvin at ERDA, Another problem with the solar program are now widely thought to be capable of fill­ "it may well be that 10 megawatts is the has been lack of fiexlb111ty, leading to too ing a. large fraction of the winter heating unit size for the power tower-we used 100 little integration of different solar technol­ needs in many areas at costs generally less megawatts for our calculations." Likewise, the wind-power program, accord­ ogies with each other and with the energy than those of active systems. needs they might ultimately satisfy. Storage As the Carter Administration prepares to ing to early program documents, did not look shift energy research to yet another agency­ carefully at the prospects for improved ver­ is a. problem with many solar systems, but the proposed Department of Energy-solar sions of small wind turbines for distributed the program has given little attention to energy is stm in search of a proper institu­ applications, or at the potential economies of applications in which biomass fuels would tional home. Noting that skepticism of the. mass production that might apply to small provide the storage element, or in which the solar program is one of the proper functions devices but not to large ones. Instead, the need for storage is obviated by using solar of ERDA's management, Henry Marvin, solar program plunged ahead to build a. large, 100- energy in conjunction with another energy program director, nevertheless says that the kilowatt prototype as a first step toward a. source. Solar-coal and solar-hydroelectric program has been subject to tight controls commercial size conceived to be as large as systems offer tantalizing possib11ities for by the agency's upper echelons and by the possible with the materials a.vailable-1.5 to combinations that could approach around­ Office of Management and Budget. In his 2 megawatts. the-clock power, and there is some evidence words, "Congress has been the corrective Williams and his colleagues point out that that direct solar energy and wind energy factor" in the growth of the program. Ac­ the ERDA solar program throughout concen­ might, complement each other well. Little cording to Marvin, the solar program now trates its main efforts on the largest and atter.1tion has been given to on-site applica­ has all the money it needs, "but we are stlll smallest scales of energy prOduction, but they tion of photovoltalc and solar-thermal de­ somewhat staff limited and travel-money contend that an intermediate size may turn vices, in which the utility grid could be used limited-that has been the mechanism of out to be the natural scale for many solar as a buffer and thus storage would not be OMB control." He foresees a. program that technologies. Their analysis points to com­ required. In addition, a generally acknowl­ may have already reached its broadest extent munity-size systems, equivalent to a. few edged problem with the ERDA program is and wlll focus more narrowly as early de­ hundred or a few thousand houses, as the that its sharply divided subprogram struc­ cisions are made about solar hardware de­ most cost-efficient, in that they would allow ture has limited the development of systems velopment projects in 1978 to 1981 and suc­ storage of solar energy on an annual basis­ that serve two purooses at once, such as total cessful technologies are transferred to private something impractical for an individual energy systems that produce both heat and industry. house-and would also allow the coprOduc­ electricity with a considerable improvement Marvin is credited by several observers tion of solar heat and electricity in a manner over the efficiency of single-purpose system. with having sought to limit the role in that would be impractical fO!l" large central The program has only belatedly begun to the program of the national laboratories­ power plfmts. look at projects that do not fall into any of which, he says, "are not natural stooping Other independent analyses have come to the predefined categories, such as solar irri­ places" enroute to developing commercial similar conclusions. The noted British radio gation, which ERDA developed no sooner technologies-and with having managed the astronomer Martin Ryle, in a study of the than did the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. program competently within the guidelines applica.b11ity of solar energy to that country, The organizational structure of the energy set by the agency. concludes that a distributed network of agency, moreover, appears to be at cross­ CENTRALIZED VERSUS ON-SITE SOLAR small wind turbines provides the best match purposes with many novel or noncentralized But critics believe those guidellnes stlll of potential supply to demand and would be applications. The solar energy division, for reflect the narrow set of preconceptions with competitive with coal-fired or nuclear gener­ example, is effectively prohibited from work­ which the program began. One of these pre­ ating stations. Ryle concluded that wind­ ing on community-scale solar systems be­ conceptions is the preferred role of cen­ powei', used with storage systems, could pro­ cause the agency management has decreed tralized energy systems. Several pieces of vide a. substantial part of the power needs of community-oriented proJects to be in the evidence suggest that the ERDA program the British Isles. domain of the conservation directorate. has given inadequate attention to the issue Another criticism of the solar program is Cost is the stumbling block most often of the appropriate scale for solar technolo­ that its management has been unnecessarily cited by solar skeptics, and there is no .doubt gies and, in so doing, has failed to exploit restrictive. During the last 2¥2 years, while that few of the solar options are competitive the most promising characteristic of solar ERDA has directed the program, it has been today. But current cost estimates are almost systems. A report recently is~ued bv the guided by a management philosophy of "ag­ certainly deceptive, in the absence of a. real Congressional Office of Technology Assess­ gressive sequential" development. In prac­ market. Furthermore, no one really knows ment (OTA), for examole, points out that tice, this has meant a. policy of giving pri­ what the costs of small-scale systems wlll be federal research on electric generating equip­ ority to one solar technology in each sub­ because so little research has been done on ment of all kinds has been focused almost program, such as the power tower in the them. The conventional wisdom at the solar exclusively on a centralized approach and has solar thermal program, and pushing it to program planning office is that, compared to neglected what OTA sees as a. significant quickly develop hardware and test its fea­ electricity at current prices, wind generators potential for on-site power production. The sib111ty. What the policy has ruled out--re­ are comoetitlve today or within a factor of report--one of the most comorehensive stud­ portedly because of skepticism from the 2 of being competitive, biomass fuels are a ies of emerging solar technologies yet made­ agency leadershio and budget-cutting by the factor of 2 to 4 away from a competitive concludes that "devices having an output Office of Management and Budget--is the price, ocean thermal power systems a factor as small as a. few kilowatts can be made parallel development of competing concepts. of 4 to 5, power towers a. factor of 5 to 10, as efficient as larger devices" and that on­ It is, of course, possible that the best candi­ and photovoltaics a. factor of 20 to 40 away. site solar systems caoable of generating elec­ dates were not chosen initially, but never­ The opportunities for price reduction among tricity at prices competitive with those theless a whole solar subprogram could be these different technologies are controlled charged by ut111ties may be available "within phased out because of poor performance by by quite different factors, however. Even the July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23627 technologies for which a market does exist-­ thermal devices, wood burning stoves and and irritation to the many who receive their hot water heating, for example-do not yet boilers, and other components of a solar papers by man. From the general public's benefit from the kinds of implicit subsidies energy industry. standpoint, reduced weekend mail handling enjoyed by most other energy sources or the After 5 years of rapid but uneven develop­ means a tremendous . . . and perh&ps some­ advantages of mass production by a well­ ment, solar energy is in need of reassessment. yimes an unworkable ... accumulation of established industry. The present federal program has been as mall to be handled and dispatched each Probably no question about solar energy is much the product of institut\onal happen­ Monday. more controversial than whether it can be­ stance and various technical predilections as The commi.ssion has recommended the come a major energy source in the near term it has been the product of coherent planning. curtailed weekend schedule to "save money." or should be regarded (and funded) as a In a broader perspective, the government It is difficult to see just how a significant limited, long-range option. Assessments of policy under Republican administrations amount would be saved, especially when set this question tend to get swept up into what characterized solar energy as long-term op­ against the hardships which would result. has become a highly polarized debate be­ tion comparable to fusion and the breeder, U.S. Senator George McGovern, D-SD, re­ tween environmental advocates and the de­ but in fact it has little in common with these marks, "In practical terms, the savings will fenders of coal and nuclear power-a debate potential leviathans. Solar technology is be minimal and the effect on service dis~ whose terms are more nearly philosophical more diverse, and even the most difficult a.strous." or ethical than economic. The one view holds technologies, such as photovoltaics, may be He adds in a letter to Sen. John Glenn, that a transition to a predominantly solar closer to commercial realization. Many solar chairman of the subcommittee which now economy is not only feasible but necessary­ technologies already work, even though the has responsiblllty for postal operations, to avert climatic disaster from the buildup best designs have not been found, and they "Farmers in my state depend on market news of carbon dioxide that would accompany are already facing the economic challenges and information on a si.x day mail delivery massive use of coal, and to prevent the that other long-:-range options have yet to week. If the Saturday delivery is eliminated, danger of nuclear warfare attendant on the confront. It is arguably time to reconsider a rural patron wlll, in effect, not have access proliferation of the plutonium economy. The solar priorities and ask whether the distri­ to timely mall and delivered materials for a other dismisses solar energy and holds that bution of research resources among nuclear, substantial portion of the week when he has coal and nuclear are essential on the grounds fossil, and solar options reflects a rational to make decisions on marketing and other that even if costs were to drop dramatically, policy. related matters. To a lesser extent, this same it would still be many decades before enough holds true with city deliveries on Saturday. solar-heated houses and solar power stations "It seexns to me that Congress, not the could be built to make any dent in this coun­ POSTAL SERVICE: VIEW FROM RU­ postal service, should make such a basic try's huge and growing appetite for energy. RAL AMERICA IV decision. USPS should not be permitted to unilaterally move on its own ...." But these tactical positions obscure a The postal service nationally has been number of things that tend to argue the under critical scrutiny for a long ti.me for importance of solar energy on purely eco­ HON. JAMES ABDNOR OF SOUTH DAKOTA what many believe to be a deterioration of nomic grounds, as well as some substantial service despite increased costs to postal problems. One of the key problems is that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES users. Locally and regionally, there are many solar equipment tends to be capital-inten­ Monday, July 18, 1977 bright spots in postal performance-the sive, with high initial costs that are a deter­ Watertown regional post office is one-but rent to consumers unaccustomed to making Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, the U.S. the the overall picture on a nationwide basis decisions on a lifecycle basis. Another is that Postal Service management would have apparently is not as reassuring. many existing institutional arrangements, you believe that 5-day mail delivery was Curtailment of service to, in effect, wipe from building codes to utility rate structures out weekend deliveries would, it seexns to us, to federal tax policies, discriminate against OK with most Americans, and that they have a poll to prove it. As with any poll, be a step backward in the USPS campaign unconventional energy sources. But some in­ to improve its service and its record. We hope stitutional barriers are being removed by however, you have to read the entire it wi!l not become a reality. legislation, and the prices of many solar com­ question before knowing how seriously ponents are already dropping sharply in to take the "findings." [From the Madison (S. Dak.) Daily Leader] response to steadily growing demand. It In the case of 5-day delivery, those seems evident that the growth of distributed NEED SIX-DAY DELIVERY solar systems, for which equipment can be polled were asked if they would accept Surveys made in South Dakota indicate mass-produced, can be far more rapid than the cut in service to avoid a hike in postal that people want Saturday delivery of mall the growth of centralized power plants, rates, not just if they would accept the to continue, particularly in rural areas. which must be laboriously assembled in the cut in service. The Postal Service is now The U.S. Postal Service has proposed field. Frost and Sul11van, a respected market considering both the cut and the hike in cutting mall delivery to only five days, but research firm, predicts that 2.5 million U.S. postage. Congress may intervene. The change would homes will be solar heated by 1985. The gov­ In previous remarks under the above mean no mall delivery from Friday until ernment itself may become a major market caption, I have offered to my colleagues a Monday, and, in the event of a Monday holi­ for solar energy-a Department of Defense day, from Friday until Tuesday. report done for the Federal Energy Admin­ view of the Postal Service as seen in A spot survey by a Huron newspaper found istration estimates that a DOD market for rural America and expressed through its that 93 per cent of those questioned consider up to 100 megawatts of photovoltaic devices news media. Rural America is dependent six-day delivery essential, particularly for a year may exist at the prices expected t.l'\ on 6-day mail delivery in a manner that farmers. prevail in the early 1980's. urban America is not. We're talking not An Aberdeen newspaper survey found 85.7 Political fortunes may also play a role in only about delivery of newspapers, but percent in opposition to the reduction of determining the short- or long-term impact. about delivery of medicines and ma­ service. One person questioned said, "I feel Solar energy fared badly under a Republican if the Postal Service can't operate the mall chinery repairs. Illness does not take a efficiently, let the government take it back." administration. President Ford had many break over the weekend, nor does Mother opportunities to attend solar project ribbon We aren't quite that ready to abandon the cuttings but did not do so. Under his admin­ Nature at harvest time. Rural America's new postal organi.zation, but we think they istration, the OMB strenuously opposed and need for 6-day mail delivery has been should recognize that cutting service must nearly gutted the major short-term elements well expressed by these South Dakota be done with care. Some Saturday mall de­ of the government's solar energy program­ editors: livery has already been abandoned in big the demonstration projects for solar heating. city office districts where offices are cloesd [From the watertown (S.Dak.) Public Opin­ over the weekend. Perhaps more cuts can be ERDA appealed to President Ford but, ac­ ion, May 23, 1977] cording to one observer, had the misfortune made in such areas. Extending such cuts to to argue its case during a week in which SATURDAY MAIL SUSPENSION WOULD BE rural areas is another matter. Ford was preoecupied with the Angolan HARDSHIP Saturday mail delivery is not done on crisis. In any case, the OMB position largely The Commission on Postal Service, a spe­ "overtime," as might be expected. Usually prevailed-a circumstance that apparently cial body organized to study U.S. Postal Serv­ work schedules are juggled so that mail de­ contributed substantially to the resignation ice operations and suggest improvementE livery people working on Saturday get a day of ERDA assistant administrator John has recommended among other things that off during the week. Teem-and the proposed demonstration pro­ Saturday mail deliveries be suspended and True, the total number of workers could gram, modest though it was, was drastically that the processing of mail be substantially be cut b:r eliminating Saturdtl.y delivery, but cut back. reduced over the weekend. This, in our opin­ if you follow that line of reasoning, you could The government program is having some ion, would be a serious mistake, a near-dis­ cut Tuesday or Thursday, or both, and save effect-ERDA's work on photovoltaics and astrous regression in the operation of a vital even more expense. wind has stimulated some private invest­ service- to-the American people. People use the malls because they expect m~nt. And quite apart from the govern­ From a newspaper's standpoint, this means prompt delivery. Poorer service will mean loss ment's program there appears to be a re­ Friday and Saturday papers would be deliv­ of revenue as well as lower exoense. Tech­ markable amount of momentum in solar ered together on Monday, an inconvenience nology exists to make mail service better 23628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 than it is. not worse, and we think that is curtailment of Saturday deliveries must not "I would have to believe that many sub­ the goal Congress should establish. be realized. scribers would be discouraged because of You can make your wishes known on the these undue delays in receiving news and (From the Aberdeen (S. Dak.) American subject by writing to Senators McGovern, advertising, and I am strongly opposed to News, June 12, 1977] Abourezk and Congressman Pressler and cutting service back to five days a week," CONGRESS SHOULD HEED APPEAL OF PEOPLE FOR Abdnor. You can also help by contacting Kneip said. EFFICIENT, SIX-DAY MAIL DELIVERY these vitally important Congressmen and We hope that the strong support for six­ Senators: day service voiced by rural areas wlll be Surveys made earlier this spring by the Congressman James M. Hanley, N.Y. Chr. listened to in Congress, even though · the American News and other South Dakota of the House & SubCommittee on Postal sparsely populated states like South Dako­ newspapers reveal that people do care Operations & Services, Room 239, Cannon ta., who have the most to lose, don't carry a strongly about Saturday mall delivery. House Office Bldg., Washington, D.C. 20515. lot of weight in Washington. The "straw vote" conducted by this news­ Congressman Charles H. Wilson, Texa.s­ paper resulted, as reported June 5, in '85.7 Chr. of the House Sub-Committee of Postal per cent opposition to reduction of mall de­ Personnel & Modernization, Room 2409, Ray­ livery from the present six days a week burn House Office Bldg., Washington, D.C. BROADWAY STYLE OF DIPLOMACY schedule to five days a week. 20515. A survey by the Huron Dally Plainsman Senator John Glenn (Ohio), Chairman of of hundreds of readers found 93 per cent of the Senate Subcommittee on Energy, Nu­ the respondents consider six-day delivery HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI clear Proliferation & Federal Services, 204 OF ILLINOIS essential, particularly for farmers. Russell Senate Office Bldg., Washington, D.C. Residents of neighboring rural states and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEf" rural states in all parts of the country agree 20510. with the objections South Dakotans have A five-day delivery of mall discriminates Monday, July 18, 1977 expressed to proposed reduction of mall de­ against rural people. Do your part. Write your congressman a letter TODAY! Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, my at­ livery. tention has been directed to U.S. foreign A typical comment came from Monango, N.D., where a. respondent to the American [From the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader, July 4, policy as it applies to Africa in the light News survey wrote: "I feel if the Postal Serv­ 1977] of the Broad~ay style of diplomacy de­ ice can't operate the mail efficiently let the OPINION-AT 200 PLUS 1, CITIZENS STn.L veloped by U.N. Ambassador Andrew government take it back." WANT EFFECTIVE MAIL SERVICE Young. A scholarly look at the Carter If the Congress heeds the advice its mem­ On this, the nation's birthday, it would administration policy as it applies to bers are receiving from constituents it will be well for the members of Congress to Africa is given in the Phoenix Gazette of certainly act to end the trend toward higher reflect on the vital services provided by July 9 by the knowledgeable observer of rates and decreased efficiency that has government. One of those services is the mail the international scene Allan c. evolved under Postmaster General Benjamin system. The members only have to read their Brownfeld: Ba.ilar's direction of the Postal Service. mall and the newspapers to discern that It should be the responsib111ty of Congress their constituents are unhappy about the CARTER ADMINISTRATION SEEMS BENT ON to present a solution to the mall delivery prospect of trimming mall delivery to a. COMMUNIZING AFRICAN CONTINENT problem before further deterioration takes five-day week. At 200 years plus 1 of free­ (By Allan c. Brownfeld) pla.ce. dom, citizens stlll want effective mail serv­ In recent days the Soviet Union has been Recommendations coming from many ice which is a. concept dating from colonial successful beyond its fondest expectations in sources e.re that Congress should return the times. expanding its influence on the African Postal Service to its former status in the The Aberdeen American News recently continent. President's Cabinet and give it funds neces­ sampled its readers. The paper's poll showed It has not only seen Marxist-Leninist gov­ sary to perform its duties satisfactorily. 85.7 per cent opposed to five-day mall de­ ernments assume power in Angola and The goal should be better not poorer, more livery. Only 14.3 per cent of the respondents Mozambique, but has seen a reversal of align­ costly service. in the paper's straw vote favored five-day ments in Ethiopia and has maintained a firm service. foothold in Somalia. Perhaps most surprising [From the Wilmot Enterprise, June 16, 1977] The Brookings Register has also polled its to policymakers in the Kremlin is the fact GLEANINGS readers and got about the same results. The that rather than opposing Communist gains (By Dorothy J. Nielsen) Register commented on its poll in an edito­ in Africa, the U.S. appears to be pursuing a Quite often, one sits back and decides rial and included Gov. Richard Kneip's let­ policy which encourages such gains. Thls is that ellmination of some service does not af­ ter to a House subcommittee on the question particularly true with regard to Rhodesia fect us. The proposal to curtail Saturday of cutting back mall service. The Register's and South West Africa where the U.S. has, mail service would create untold probleins editorial follows: rather than simply supporting free elections to many, many people, especially in a rural Brookings Daily Register subscribers are for members of all racial groups, expressed area. no different than people in other parts of support for Marxist terrorist groups, such as What about the rural people who subscribe the state who have responded to the ques­ SWAPO. In addition, U.S. public statements, to dally papers? Friday papers would not be tion of five-day mall delivery. Through such as those of Ambassador Andrew Young, delivered until Monday, and four federal Thursday, 86 per cent of those responding have tended to support the aggressive role of Monday holidays would result in no delivery to a. straw vote do not favor dropping Satur­ the Soviet Union's Cuban proxies rather than day mall service. We, of course, couldn't cause the Communist to pause for tear or for three successive days. Think too, of the agree more. effect on those who are using the papers negative consequences elsewhere in the for advertising with this type of service Gov. Richard Kneip has also gotten into world. change. the act, as evidenced by his recent letter to While official policy makers in Washington Mail service is also used to deliver medi­ Rep. James Hanley, chairman of the House may not be concerned with Communist gains cines, machine parts and other essentials. and Subcommittee on Postal Operations 1n Africa, other careful observers are. Think of the probleins with this delay in and Services. Here is part of the Governor's In an important article in the June is­ delivery. letter: sue of New America, black leader Bayard One needs to re-think the purpose of the "One of my chief concerns is the recom­ Rustin, the National Chairman of Social Federal Government--to provide SERVICE to mendation ca.lllng for the elimination of Democrats, U.S.A., declares, "The Soviet the people. The Postal service was created Saturday mall service. In South Dakota, Union is up to something new and danger­ to provide delivery of newspapers, books, where three-quarters of the post offices are ous in Africa. It is adopting a belligerent magazines, a. service needed to keep a well­ designated 'third' or 'fourth' class, our peo­ and aggressive policy that threatens the in­ informed public; it also delivers essentials ple are dependent upon the postal service dependence and development of Africa." such as mail, machine parts, medicines, etc. as a vital link with other people and with all Concerning Angola, Rustin notes, "After This delivery is not made to some convenient levels of government. They rely heavily having won its independence from Portugal, location miles away from the destination, upon newspapers to provide them with the Angola is increasingly falllng under the but to the postal box in your area, to the most recent news, market and weather in­ influence of the Russians. Their influence is mailbox or the end of your driveway or to formation, and the newspapers themselves neither indirect nor subtle. In fact, it is so the mailbox on your home. are dependent upon the Postal Service for direct and pervasive that it is nothing less The Postal Service offers a free franking quick dissemination of the news at the low­ than neocolonialist. There are 25,000 Cubans (free mailing) for government officials so est possible cost." in Angola., which is close to 10 per cent of that they can keep in contact with their con­ Kneip further said that to eliminate Sat­ the Cuban army . . . In addition, there are stituents back home. A necessary service to urday mail delivery would cause a delay in as many as 2,000 East Germans . . . Angola. maintain representation of the people's the delivery of both Friday and Saturday is not an isolated case. Cuba., which does the wishes. editions of dally papers, and in the case of a Soviets dirty work in Africa, has troops in If the Postal Service is to remain a. service Monday holiday, it would mean delivery of six other African countries, and Sierra Leone, to the people, service must be strengthened, Friday's news on the following Tuesday. the Cubans are training an internal security July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23629 unit. They are also active in Equa.toriol PROGRAM REFORM FOR THE tally ill and the old. She has launched a. new Guinea., where President Macias has estab­ ELDERLY mental health commission, and last week she lished one of the bloodiest dictatorships in opened her drive to better the conditions of the world. About one-fourth of that coun­ the elderly. try's original inhabitants have fled into exile. HON. BILL CHAPPELL, JR. She summoned to the White House not Fifty thousand people have been killed ..." OF FLORIDA only the old so they could stand out for While U.S. policy under the Carter admin­ viewing in a. society that dotes on youth; she istration has radically changed with regard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES summoned those in public life who long have to Rhodesia. and South West Africa., and now Monday, July 18, 1977 struggled with the problems of aging that appears to encourage the coming to power seem to accelerate in such a. society. Stand­ of the most radical and irresponsible ele­ Mr. CHAPPELL. Mr. Speaker, our dear ing out among these long time warriors at ments in those countries, the fact is that the friend and valued colleague, CLAUDE Rosa.lynn Carter's conference was Florida's Soviet Union wants anything but a peaceful PEPPER, has been an outspoken and effec­ Rep. Claude Pepper, now 76 and stm battling solution to these problems. tive voice in the fight to improve the lot for needed change. of older Americans. His legislative initia­ The Nation can give a. lot of credit to Rustin, being both a black and a. liberal, Claude Pepper for achieving the major rights is in a. position to tell the truth which white tives in this area have been a wellspring seniors now have. He was a. guiding light in liberal policyma.kers, in a. kind of reverse of hope for this large and growing group furthering Social Security in the Roosevelt racism, feel compelled to hide. He states, of Americans. Indeed, he offers not only years of social change. He was a. lonely cham­ "The Soviet Union and Cuba. have little in­ leadership but inspiration through his pion of national health insurance, losing his terest in a peaceful transition to majority energetic efforts in behalf of all older seat in the U.S. Senate because he was rule in Rhodesia. and South West Africa.. branded for suggesting such a "socialistic" Their goal is to increase their own power by Americans. CLAUDE PEPPER has often been a lonely voice in the fight to im­ idea.. frustrating the American effort to negotiate Now a. veteran of the House after his come­ a settlement. They are actively encouraging a. prove the quality of life of this valu­ able but often ignored segment of our back, Claude Pepper has been vindicated in military solution, regardless of the cost to part by th~ passage of Medicare but he isn't black Africans ... The truth is that Com­ society. Older Americans in all walks of letting his.concern rest with the vindica. tion. munism in the third world is, if anything, life are indeed fortunate to have a cham­ Chairman of the House Select Committee more savage than it is in Russia. or Eastern pion SUCh as CLAUDE PEPPER in the fore­ on Aging, he sees dire need for new reforms. Europe, as the current plight of the Cam­ front of their battle for equity and rec­ Probably none is more bitter than he, that bodians and the Vietnamese well attests. Its ognition at the national level. This dis­ Medicare, along with the program for the apologists claim communism as a. doctrine tinguished American, with the active poor, Medicaid, is being made the object of of equality ... in practice it is rationale for grafters, with the old and the government state control of every aspect of people's ex­ support of the White House, has provided victimized by those who look on aging with istence." a ray of hope for the elderly everywhere. a.n eye for exploitation. To a person bent There is no doubt that current U.S. policy I trust my colleagues will show the good upon improving the human condition, such will lead to a. dramatic expansion of Com­ wisdom to heed and follow CLAUDE PEP­ exploitation is abominable. munist infiue!.lce in Africa. and a dEl'teriora.­ PER's leadership in this vital area. Claude Pepper is fostering legisla. tion to tion in the quality of life for the black Afri­ By seeking to enrich and improve the effect tighter control on these programs to cans who will have to live under the brutal human conditions of elderly Americans, drive out the cheaters. In addition, he's the dictatorships which w111 be imposed. In a. CLAUDE PEPPER has rendered a service to author of a. b111 to provide a strong govern­ private meeting on Capitol H111 in mid-June, ment program for home nursing care. He is former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger his country that distinguishes him as a convinced that there are m1llions of old peo­ told a. group of congressmen that if the Car­ valuable leader in social progress. I am ple who would fare better and be far happier ter administration's Africa policy is not al­ delighted that one of the outstanding if they could remain in their own homes in­ tered, it will lead to a Communist Africa. newspapers in my district, the Daytona stead of being institutionalized to receive and/or a. race war of such intensity that it Beach News-Journal, has editorialized medical attention. could spill over into the U.S. on CLAUDE PEPPER's outstanding achieve­ Such a program certainly fits into Mrs. Dr. Kissinger said that the policy of the ments and I know my colleagues join me Carter's call for ideas on which she can work Nixon and Ford administrations had been to in wishing him success as he continues to improve life for senior Americans. She try to steer a. course that would bring mod­ his work to provide a better America for knows first hand the worth of home care for erate blacks into leadership positions in Rho­ the ailing because she saw the devotion to it desia. and South West Africa. and protect the all our citizens. The News-Journal edi­ practiced by her mother in law, L1llia.n white minority, while the Carter adminis- torial follows: Carter, among neighbors in Plains during her tration is seeking to encourage the most NEw ALLY FOR THE OLD nursing career. Rosa.lynn Carter's concern radical of the terrorists and has no concern They walked to the entrance of the White for the poor and isolated was formed from whatever for the minority of whites. H~h the aid of canes or with the first hand observation as a. mere citizen of When he was recently in Washington, ---slowed pace of the arthritic or with the tim­ Plains and then a.s First Lady of Georgia., South African Foreign Minister R. F. Botha. idity of the elderly embarking on a.n experi­ steeping herself in tackling human problems. cha.ra.c·terized U.S. policy as one of "trying ence so far removed from the norm of their Contrasting in appearance though they to gain support in Africa. by being more existence. are, Rosa.lynn Carter and Claude Pepper radical than the Russians." He expressed They made their way to the fabled East should make a. good team in battling for dismay over the fact that, at his meeting in Room, scene of so much history, and now attention to the problems of the elderly. Vienna with South African Prime Minister they were the honored guests. Maybe here Their devotion to such a cause should bring Vorster, Vice President Mondale, in effect, they, too, would make history by standing a.s about reforms to assure Americans that demanded that South Africa adopt a. system the focal point of a. new national concern growing old is a time of reward, not a time of "one man, one vote." Vorster asked Mon- that demands solutions. for exploitation of helplessness.-M.N.C. dale if he could suggest a form of govern- These unusual White House guests-some menton the African continent that he could 2,000 of the Washington's area's oldest rest­ recommend for South Africa to follow. He dents-were serving a.s the beginning point could not. of First Lady Rosa.lynn Carter's campaign to SPRING QUESTIONNAIRE Botha said, "Don't talk to us of morality. make growing old in America. a.s much of a. You wouldn't want ·any African form of gov- worry free experience a.s possible. She had ernment for yourselves. You apply norms to summoned them out of their isolation in HON. JAMES M. COLLINS us that you do not apply to anyone else. we apartments or nursing homes so we could all OF TEXAS have given full cooperation on Rhodesia and be reminded that the old need our attention. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES South West Africa. We are moving away from Rosalynn Carter, crowding 50, is just 15 discrimination based on race. It took you years away from senior citizen status herself, Monday, July 18, 1977 decades to move in that direction, and in but she doesn't look it. Slim, st111 fetchingly Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, your country blacks are a small minority. pretty, vibrant, youthful without the use of the people of the Third Congressional You seem to want us to change overnight. artificial makeup, she seems intent on re­ District of Texas have recently expressed We have been with you in World Wars I ma.ining the vigorous woman from Plains, and II and Korea.. We have done you no Ga.., and the national campaign trail, and to their views on national issues in an over­ harm, yet you make demands upon us that use her charm in fulfill1ng the role of a. re­ whelming response to my spring ques­ you make upon no one else." sponsible woman in a. public position, con- tionnaire. While the Dallas area has al­ Does the Carter administration seek com- cerned about national problems and not ways been conservative, this question­ munist control of Africa.? If it does not it a.bout herself. naire showed particularly strong support should take these words from Rustin, Kis- She had said a.t the outset she intends to for maintaining the Panama Canal and singer and Botha. very seriously indeed. achieve reforms in· programs for the men- the right-to-work law. 23630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 Despite Washington's economic prob­ on this whole complex and difficult 1975. Repayment failure would result in lems, Texas and the Dallas Metroplex subject. an escalating Federal unemployment tax are thriving. Our consistent economic Professor Louisell puts the whole de­ being levied on the State's employers. progress is in large part due to the pro­ bate in perspective and raises some seri­ This obligation poses a substantial business environment caused by the dy­ ous questions about the prior experience hardship for Michigan and other States namic spirit of our people. People all of governmental promotion of "abortion which experienced extraordinary unem­ around the country are beginning to on demand" through taxpayer funding ployment in the recession. The debt is a recognize the value of our conservative under such programs as medicaid. significant disincentive to the location approach and Dallas should be looked to The full text of Professor Louisell's let­ of new businesses or the expansion of as an excellent model for the rest of the ter follows: existing businesses in these States, and Nation. The slogan "don't deny the poor the abor­ inhibits their economic recovery. In the The following is a percentage break­ tions that the rich may obtain" superficially absence of business growth, these areas down of responses tabulated district­ has emotional appeal, as does any plea for will remain vulnerable to severe eco­ wide: help for the poor. But it violates elemental nomic disruptions. 1. Do you support the Texas Right-to- principles of logic and humanity, for it comes Work laws? down to this: because some of the rich k111 off H.R. 8291 employs a cost equalization Yes, 94 percent. their children by abortion for convenience or concept which involves Federal assump­ No, 6 percent. whim, to eouallze matters the public must tion of a portion of compensation costs 2. How much net profit do you think the help the poor do likewise. The humane and during periods of extremely high unem­ major oil companies make on each gallon loving thing of course is to really help the ployment. It assumes that the unemploy­ of gasoline? poor, not help them to klll their children. ment costs of a national recession should a. 1 cent, 59 percent. The latter is repulsive to mlllions of Amer­ icans, for whom the reality of permissive not be borne solely by individual States b. 5 cents, 20 percent. or their employers, but by our society as c. 10 cents, 10 percent. abortion as kllling innocent life is not miti­ d. 18 cents, 5 percent, gated by the euphemism "termination of a whole. e. 25 cents, 6 percent. pregnancy." In order to meet the existing fiscal (The correct answer is "a", 1 cent.) To attempt to make a constitutional Equal crisis as well as to prevent similar debts 3. Do you favor placing a Federal ban on Protection argument from this slogan, is from developing in the future, the legis­ saccharin? preposterous. There are many instances where a person has a constitutional right to lation requires that for each year be­ Yes, 5 percent. ginning with calendar 1974 the Treas­ No, 95 percent. do something, but no right to have the pub­ 4. Would you support my legislation for lic pay for it. For example, one has a con­ ury would bear a portion of a State's energy conservation which bans the use of stitutional right to possess pornography, but unemployment benefit costs first, if its diesel fuel or gasoline for the busing of pub­ no right to have the public pay for it, or to insured unemployment rate was at least llc school students beyond the school near­ have it put on public library shelves. One has 6 percent, and second if its benefit pay­ est their home? a constitutional right freely to travel in in­ ments exceeded those of a base year. Yes, 98 percent. terstate commerce, but no right to govern­ This innovative approach warrants No, 2 percent. mental air plane tickets. One has the con­ 5. Should the United States give the stitutional right to send his or her child to thoughtful analysis. Its Federal costs Panama Canal to the country of Panama? private school, but no right to have the must be reviewed and its implications Yes, 2 percent. school supported from public funds. with respect to the conceptual founda­ No, 98 percent. The Supreme Court in the abortion cases tions of the unemployment insurance 6. How do you rate the F.B.I.? decided June 20, 1977, has at last laid to system thoroughly explored. The infusion a. Excellent, 53 percent. rest the monstrous doctrine of some lower of sizable Federal general revenues in b. Average, 43 percent. courts that the Constitution requires gov­ c. Poor, 16 percent. ernment to treat abortion and childbirth as this manner into the regular unemploy­ 7. How do you rate the C.I.A.? merely two alternative medical methods of ment compensation program is a marked a. Excellent, 35 percent. dealing with pregnancy. It is hoped that Con­ departure from existing practice, and b. Average, 49 percent. gress, too, will acknowledge that childbirth, this impact must be fully understood. c. Poor, 16 percent. which is life, and elective abortion, which is death, are separated by the deepest of all Congress must focus upon the financial In response to my final question, which gulfs. It is hoped that Congress wlll put an burdens of unemployment now facing asked respondents to say what they felt end to the wicked nonsense that because it many industrial States and individual was the most important issue facing the is economieally cheaper to abort than to bear employers as a result of the national re­ country today, the most frequent an­ and rear, government must help to abort.­ cession. This legislation constitutes a swers were "inflation," "too much Fed­ DAvm W. LOUISELL. solid basis for such an analysis. eral Government interference in our daily lives," and "the need for greater incentives for research and development of our natural fuel resources." Other fre­ UNEMPLOYMENT --..,_ COMPENSATION TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSMAN quent responses included "crime," "Gov­ COST EQUALIZATION ACT OF 1977 BINGHAM BEFORE THE SOCIAL ernment corruption," "lack of fiscal re­ SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE OF sponsibility," and "forced busing." THE HOUSE WAYS AND MEANS HON. GUY VANDER JAGT COMMITTEE OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE POOR AND GOVERNMENT HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM FUNDED ABORTIONS Monday, July 18, 1977 Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, on OF NEW YORK July 13, 1977, I joined a substantial num­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. THOMAS N. KINDNESS ber of Members in introducing H.R. 8291, Monday, July 18, 1977 OF OHIO a bill to assist States which confront un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, this usually high rates of insured unemploy­ morning I testified before the Social Se­ Monday, July 18, 1977 ment. I look forward to congressional consideration of this measure. curity Subcommittee of the House Ways Mr. KINDNESS. Mr. Speaker, as the The recession imposed a severe strain and Means Committee on the future of national debate on Federal funding of upon the Federal-State unemployment the Social Security System and Presi­ abortions continues, and the emotions on insurance·system. Along with more than dent Carter's financing proposals for the both sides continue to run high, I 20 States, Michigan was forced to ob­ system for the next 75 years. Clearly, thought I would share with my col­ tain advances from the U.S. Treasury in this is one of the most important sub­ leagues a recent letter from David W. order to maintain benefits. Under the jects facing this Congress. For the bene­ Louisell, who is the distinguished Eliza­ Federal Unemployment Tax Act Michi­ fit of concerned persons in my district beth Josselyn Boalt, professor of law at gan employers are liable for repayment and other readers of the RECORD, I in­ the University of California

TESTIMONY BY THE HONORABLE JONATHAN B. I would like to mention briefly some of benefits programs as unemployment com­ BINGHAM BEFORE THE SOCIAL SECURITY the inequtties in the Social Security law and pensation, civil service retirement, and rail­ SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE WAYS AND some of the liberalizations which I feel are road retirement into the mix; Congress is MEANS CoMMITTEE necessary in the future. None of these are faced with pressures to "pass-through," "dis­ Mr. Chairman and Members of the Social new proposals anti. have appeared in bill form regard," or "equalize" benefits between the Security Subcommittee. I appreciate the op­ before your Subcommittee and Committee, single program recipients and the multi-dip­ portunity to testify on a matter of vital im­ Congress after Congress. They are: pers. These pressures force the various pro­ portance to all Americans-the restoration Easing the eligib111ty requirements for the gram costs up and exacerbate the inequities. of fiscal integrity to the Social Security blind for disability insurance and allowing To give you an example of the extent of the Trust Funds. them to continue to draw payments, irre­ problem-a staff analysis prepared for a wel­ I generally support the President's pro­ spective of their earnings; fare reform consulting group established in posals to prevent the short-run exhaustion Increasing the outside earnings limita­ February 1977 by Secretary Califano found of the Old Age, Survivors and Disab1Uty In­ tion or perhaps totally eliminating it in that 18% of recipients got benefits from five surance Trust Funds and drastically re­ stages to encourage recipients to supple­ or more different programs. I might add that duce their long-run projected deficits. I ap­ ment their income by working; of the 10.6% of Americans over 65 whore­ plaud the President's efforts reflected in his Enacting a special Consumer Price Index ceive S.S.I., 70% also receive Social Security. proposals to accomplish these difficult goals: for the elderly with cost-of-living increases Social Security financing clearly cannot be Without additional tax rate increases on for all recipients effective every six months considered in a vacuum. The billions in­ the employee beyond that already in present instead of annually; volved impact on our economy, our tax law; Ending all discriminatory provisions based structure, and our complex income in­ Without impairing the economic recovery on sex; surance-welfare system. The House Ways this year and neXit, delaying increases in em­ Raising minimum benefl ts levels for the and Means Committee has a unique op­ ployer payroll tax liabilities until 1979; and elderly or providing a housing allowance to portunity in this Congress to consider Social Without sacrificing the future benefits of take care of area cost-of-living differentials; Security financing reform, tax reform, wel­ workers, assuring them the same proportion and last but certainly not least fare reform, and health insurance reform in of preretirement pay that today's retirees Enacting a National Health Insurance the context of each other. It is an immense receive. Plan to replace Medicare and Medicaid. job and I have confidence in the Committee I also support the concept of supple­ I have no illusions about the costs involved and its Subcommittees to study the matters menting the Trust Funds with general tax in these changes, but we must face the fact carefully and come up with a comprehensive, ·revenues. As a long-time cosponsor of Chair­ eventually that present Social Security in­ interrelated approach. man Burke's proposal to supplement the So­ come levels are inadequate. The following cial Security Trust Funds with Ya general article from the New York Daily News which tax revenues, I welcome any step in that di­ appeared earlier this year will illustrate what rection. However, I am concerned about peg­ I mean: LOCKHEED SHIPBUILDING STEEL ging the trigger for countercyclical assist­ SURVEY FINDS SOCIAL SECURITY Is MORE LIKE OVERCHARGES ARE REPORTED ance to the Trust Funds of 6% unemploy­ SOCIAL INSECURITY LARGER ment. It is my fervent hope that after 1979 (By Arthur Mull1gan) when unemployment is expected to go be­ low 6%, that we wlll never.see it above that You had been paying into Social Security level again. Congress and the Executive ever since it started in 1936 and, last October, HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH Branch should by then have devised jobs when you reached the age of 65, you retired OF NEW JERSEY and you and your wife began receiving $338 programs to insure that goal. One final point IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the use of general tax revenues: it is not a month from the federal government. Great, a new concept. The Advisory Council which huh? Monday, July 18, 1977 Nope! If you were living modestly in an proposed the original legislation recom­ Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, with the mended it in 1935 and a backup general rev­ apartment in New York City, it cost you $641 enues aid mechanism (allowing the authori­ to struggle through the month. That was Renegotiation Reform Act (H.R. 5959) zation and appropriation of funds as $206 more-an increase of 47 percent-than to be considered soon in the House, I needed) was enacted in 1939 but never used it cost in October 1971, according to the thought my colleagues would be inter­ so it was repealed in 1950. The rationale for Community Council of Greater New York. ested in the enclosed article from today's the mechanism was essentially the same-to The council noted that the 47.4 percent Washington Post. · a void tax increases in a recessionary period. rise had outpaced the 40-percent increase in the consumers price index over the five­ Two points stand out in the story: Looking at the long-run aspect of the year period. First, this situation was uncovered by the President's plan, I am concerned about ac­ The findings of the council were based on Renegotiation Board, not by DOD or any ceptance of a so-called "manageable defi­ a survey of elderly retired couples who furn­ cit" of 1.9% of taxable payroll into the of its procurement offices and not by the ish their own apartments, eat out occa­ Justice Department. Second, a Board ex­ middle of the next century. This leaves no sionally and take an occasional modest room for what I am sure wlll be necessary vacation. pert has estimated that, if the product changes in the Social Security law to elimi­ Bernard M. Shiffman, executive director line requirements of H.R. 5959 were in nate inequities or liberalize benefits to meet of the council, said that the discrepancy be­ effect, the Renegotiation Board would changing economic conditions. I don't ex­ tween actual minimal budgetary costs and have recovered $20 million in excessive pect that, after short-run and long-run Social Security payments "cannot be ignored profits from Lockheed-nearly four times financing proposals are adopted, this Sub­ as we move forward in the public debate the Board's annual salary and expenses. committee wlll retire to oversight duties of the many issues raised under the Carter The article by Morton Mintz follows: only and not make further changes in bene­ administration's Social Security and welfare­ fits. Of course, under the President's plan reform proposals." LoCKHEED OVERCHARGE ESTIMATE RAISED the temporary counter-cyclical general tax The survey showed that if the elderly (By Morton Mintz) revenue aid to the Trust Funds could be couple eliminated the occasional "luxuries," Five weeks ago today, a government official made permanent beyond 1982 if so recom­ such as vacations and eating out, it would charged that Lockheed Shipbuilding and mended by the next Social Security Advisory still cost $381 a month for bare essentials, Construction Co. (LSCC) built seven am­ Council, but again we run into the 6% trig­ such as food, rent, heat; ut111ties, medical phibious transport docks, known as LPDs, ger problem. I strongly believe we need to and telephone. for the Navy, but billed the government for build in room in the Social Security financ­ When one considers the proposed replace­ enough steel to build at least 12. ing system to allow for some future changes ment rate of wages to benefits to be main­ Company officials reacted with outrage to in benefits. Perhans we would be wise to heed tained under the President's plan is 45%, it the accusation, made by Goodwin Chase, the population experts and begin building a is clearly "Social Insecurity." In the past, chairman of the Renegotiation Board, the nest egg to deal with the drastic demographic the Government's response to this problem small executive branch agency responsible for changes expected in the next century. The has been to discourage the supplementing of recovering excessive profits from defense, post-war baby boom population wm begin one's income through earnings (imposed space and certain other government con­ to retire at age 62 in 2007, while the U.S. poverty) and then provide layer upon layer tractors. birthrate is expected to go below the re­ of public assistance-S.S.I., housing sub­ "That's a lie," said Graham Whipple, presi­ placement rate to 1.9. If you believe as I do sidies, food stamps, veterans benefits, and dent of Lockheed Shipbuilding in Seattle. that we should try to limit the Social Secu­ Medicaid; and those are just the Federal Moreover, he alleged, Chase's7est1mate of the rity financing burden on employers and em­ programs. The result has been a maze of in­ amount of missing steel-73 million pounds ployees, then the funding of this long-run equities as the different programs clash with worth $7 million-was "extremely inaccu­ deficit and any expansion of reserves to pro­ each other, especially around Social Security rate." vic,Je program flexibility should be from gen­ cost-of-living adjustment time. Then when Also angered was Robert W. Haack, chair­ eriil tax revenues. we add such so-called contributory income man of Lockheed Aircraft Corp., owner of 23632 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 LSCC. He said he was shocked by Chase's would prevent conglomerates such as Lock­ These balances of budget authority and testimony to the Senate Banking, Housing, heed from consolidating various cost and and Urban Affairs Committee, terming it "in­ profit figures from unrelated product lines, outlays are more than sufficient to fund accurate, misleading, and unjust." as they do now. anticipated supplemental appropriations Committee Chairman William Proxmire In Senate hearings in 1973, Chase, then a which will have to be made for claims (D.-Wis.) asked Chase to provide further member of the board, showed that by filing and judgments. Thus, the conference re­ documentation for his charges. To get it, consolidated reports for fighter aircraft and port is without objection from the point Chase in late June sent three board aides­ space gear, McDonnell Douglas Corp. avoided of view of the congressional budget T. E. Driscoll, J. C. O'Connor and Henry J. making refunds to the government of at least process. M1ller-to Seattle for three days to check $15 m1llion for 1967 and $16 mlllion for 1968. The conference report recommends a both LSCC and Navy records and sources. In his June testimony this year, Chase said Their principal conclusion: the amount of that the board-while dominated by ap­ number of appropriations for certain steel unaccounted for was not the 73 mill1on pointees of President Nixon-allowed Lock­ White House accounts and executive of­ pounds originally alleged, but 117.4 m1llion heed to file a consolidated report for fiscal fice functions which were stricken from pounds, valued at $10.2 million--enough to 1971 in which it claimed a $68 million loss. the bill when it passed the House. These build nine extra LPDs. Actually, Chase said, the company had a $4 amounts, however, were anticipated in Chase reported the conclusion in a letter million profit. the budget resolution. hand-delivered to proxmire late Friday. The To transform the profit into a loss, Chase Mr. Speaker, I urge all Members to "denials and protestations" of Whipple and said, Lockheed used large losses claimed by support the conference report. Haack "are simply not valid," Chase said. "I LSCC as offsets to large profits generated by stand foursquare on my statement and would other affiliates engaged in defense production be pleased to have it subjected to investiga- totally unrelated to shipbuilding. tive scrutiny." . After the hearing, board aide O'Connor, a REPEAL OF THE HATCH ACT HAS A spokesman for LSCC, asked for comment, financial analyst, made a furth~r study in DANGEROUS IMPLICATIONS recalled last nighit a statement made in June which he concluded that if the pending legis­ by Lockheed Chairman Haack: "The Renego­ lation had been in effect in 1971, Lockheed tiation Board has not to date inspected appll­ would have owed the government a refund of HON. CHALMERS P. WYLIE cable detailed books and records of Lockheed at least $20 million-more than triple the OF OHIO Shipbuilding." board's current budget of $5.6 million. The spokesman indicated that Haack re­ O'Connor said that, in 1971, the return on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . ferred to an inspection on the company stockholder capital invested in Lockheed Mis­ Monday, July 18, 1977 premises. However, the board aides said they sile and Space Co., which had missile sales to had found the relevant records in the custody the government of $727 mlllion, was 246.5 Mr. WYLIE. Mr. Speaker, my atten­ of the Navy. per cent. tion has been called to a keenly analyt­ The seven LPDs delivered to the Navy­ Citing that return to Proxmire, Chase said, ical column by Mr. Neal R. Peirce, a re­ each containing between 12 m1llion and 14 "Lockheed's indignation, charges of unfair­ spected writer, pinpointing the danger­ m1llion pounds of steel-were commissioned ness and platitudes of abuses by the Rene­ ous implications of the Hatch Act re­ between October, 1968, and July, 1971. gotiation Board impress me at the level of visions passed a few weeks ago by this In Seattle, the board investigators found zero." that the majority of the steel intended for The principal advocates of the legislation body and now pending in the Senate. the LPDs had been stored at the Leckenby are President Carter and legislators includ­ The column, published in the Balti­ Structural Steel Co. ing Proxmire and ~ep. Joseph G. Minish (D­ more Sun of July 18 states with clarity Frequently, steel was transported from N.J.). the very reasons I felt compelled to vote Leckenby to the shipyard without records Seeking to kill the legislation are not only against what amounted to a repeal of the being made, board aide Driscoll said in a companies mainly dependent upon defense Hatch Act without any consultation with memo forwarded by Chase to Proxmire. contracts, such as Lockheed, but also trade the Federal civil servants who, if the "From the time the steel was booked or groups, including the Financial Executives bill as passed by the House becomes law, b1lled to the government until the Navy de­ Institute and the Iron and Steel Institute, termined the weight of the ships, accounta­ and numerous individual subcontractors that would lose the protection provided for b111ty is next to impossible to determine due have launched a letter-writing campaign to them by the act as originally passed. to lack of documentation," Driscoll wrote. Capitol Hlll. As Mr. Peirce points out. there is no "We know that m1llions of pounds pur­ In addition, efforts to water d·own the legis­ evidence that Federal workers are clam­ chased were not incorporated in the ships," lation or to win exemption!" from it have been oring for more political "freedom" than Driscoll continued. He named two former made by, among others, the American Bank­ they already have. The evidence is that executives who, he said, could have shed ers Association, in behalf of banks, and Sun when asked to perform a political act, light on the situation: Oil Co., in behalf of oil companies. they can easily employ the shield of the H. P. McLaughlin, who had been president of the LSCC predecesor firm, Puget Sound 1939 law, saying "Sorry, I am hatched." Bridge and Dry Dock Co., when the Navy The column follows: awarded the LPD construction contracts, who CONFERENCE REPORT ON THE REPEAL OF THE HATCH ACT HAS was president of Leckenby when the ships TREASURY-POSTAL SERVICE AP­ DANGEROUS IMPLICATIONS were built and "who is living in South Amer­ PROPRIATIONS BILL (By Neal R. Peirce) ica [and] is not available." WASHINGTON.--Organized labor didn't win Robert N. Waters, a former executive vice SPEECH OF quite the clear-out victory advertised in the president of LSCC, who in 1972 became treas­ media last month when the House voted, 244 urer and a vice president of Lockheeed Air­ HON. ROBERT N. GIAIMO to 164, to remove most of the restrictions on craft. Three years later, in 1975, the Lock­ political activity by federal government work­ heed bribery scandal began to unfold. In OF CONNECTICUT ers, virtually repealing the Hatch Act of 1939. August of that year, Proxmire scheduled a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Before sending the Hatch Act repealer to hearing on whether there had been violations Thursday, July 14, 1977 the Senate, where it faces a real dogfight, in­ of the law under which the government had cluding a possible filibuster, House members guaranteed $250 m1llion in loans to Lockheed. Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, the con­ displayed genuine nervousness about the On Aug. 22, 1975-three days before the ference report on the Treasury-Postal abuses that could result from total political day of the hearing-W·aters, 54, shot him­ "liberation" of the 2.8-m1llion-member fed­ self to death. His brother Norm, blamed busi­ Service appropriations bill for 1978 is consistent with amounts included in the eral work force. ness pressures. He said Robert had left a note Over labOr's protests, they watered down in which the last words were, "I'm just too first budget resolution for fiscal year the bill by approving an amendment by tired to go on." 1978. It is consistent with the subdivi­ Representative Leo Ryan (D., Calif.) that The charges and countercharges in the sions of budget authority and outlays would keep as many as 280,000 federal work­ Lockheed case are a visible aspect of an in­ made by the appropriations committee ers "hatched." And it's in that group that tense, prolonged and mostly behind-the­ under section 302(b) of the Congres­ some of the worst abuses might occur-law scenes struggle over legislation to guarantee sional Budget Act. enforcement personnel, as well as federal the Renegotic.tion Board's survival and The conference report recommends ap­ employees who award contracts or conduct strengthen the ab1Uty of its staff-177 per­ audits, investigations and inspections. sons-to recover excessive profits. propriations of $7,478 million, $311 mil­ "It makes it easier to sell the blll to the The most controversial provision in the lion less than the section 302 (b) sub­ American people," a White House aide told legislation-which Senate Banking plans division. Estimated outlays for the ac­ me. "You won't, for instance, have the to mark up Thursday-would require the counts within the purview of this bill specter of IRS [Internal Revenue Service) board to look for possible excess profits in would be $7,598 million, $279 million agents actively managing campaigns on each of a contractor's product lines. This less than the section 302 subdivision. weekends and at night, and then during the July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23633 day going out and auditing their opponents' As passed by the House, Mr. Cohen says, Like everything else, the media, especially returns." the Hatch Act repealer "doesn't come close the newspaper industry, is caught.up in a lot Even with the Ryan amendment, though, to drawing a reasonable balance between the of changes-both physically and spiritually. the Hatch Act repeal has dangerous implica­ values of political participation and a non­ The burden of adapting to the changes lies tions for federal workers and the average politicized civil service." One can only hope mainly with editorial practices and policies. citizen alike. Subtle pressures could be ex­ the Senate will have serious second thoughts The serious daily newspaper is in the erted on government workers to campaign about the matter. peculiar position of being both a follower for or contribute to the campaigns of their and a leader. bosses or co-workers, with little chance of It is a follower in that it must cater to proving the type of coercion prohibited in a wide variety of tastes, respond to public the law. SPEECH BY NEWSPAPERMAN attitudes and opinions and reflect the con­ Critics say Hatch Act repeal is a pure DEXTER D. EURE cerns of its readership. power move by government employee unions All the media, including newspapers, are and their AFL--CIO allies, anxious to recruit businesses which must generate profits new political foot troops. Many house Demo­ HON. LOUIS STOKES through advertising and circulation gains. To crats saw the bill as a way to throw a bone do this they must feed a broad public ap­ to the unions, previously rebuffed on com­ OF OHIO petite for news and features. mon site picketing. Except for the American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In this sense they are tied to public tastes Civil Liberties Union, it's hard to find a Monday, July 18, 1977 and must follow them sufficiently enough single nonlabor organization in favor of re­ to win increased linage and circulation, peal. Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise on more viewers, listeners and readers and ad­ Republicans are overwhelmingly opposed, this occasion to bring to your attention ditional time slots to stay out front in a fearing their political ox could be gored by a and to the attention of my colleagues fiercely competitive arena-always! hostile federal work force. But respected in the U.S. House of Representatives a The seriot:ts daily newspaper is also a leader nonpartisan organizations, including Com­ recent speech made by a well-known when it commits itself to accountabil1ty. mon Cause, the National Civil Service Newspapers .must at all cost and at all times League and International Personnel Man­ Boston newspaperman and community be answerable for what they print, they agement Association (IPMA), are also op­ activist, Dexter D. Eure. must be less edgy and less defensive than posed, despite the Ryan amendment. Mr. Speaker, for a quarter century this they have been in the past about criticism. The president of Common Cause, David dynamic individual has been involved in They must provide access for opposing Cohen, calls the bill "a politically arrogant virtually every aspect of the newspaper views-through such devices as letters to move on the part of the Carter adminis.tra­ publishing business. He is currently the the editor, ombudsmen, corrections and an tion and Congress," taken without consulta­ assistant promotion manager at the overall wlllingness to admit that they can tion with the federal civil servants who Boston Globe Newspaper Co., one of the be wrong. would lose their Hatch Act protections. "The A leadership position is also earned central challenge of the Carter administra­ very few black managers in the white­ through a newspaper's credib111ty. This re­ tion is to build respect for government," Mr. owned press nationwide. lates to how well we do our job-the care Cohen says. "So their first act is to politicize Because of his long record of achieve­ we take-the objectivity ·and balance of our all aspects of the civil service." ment in the industry, Mr. Eure has spent reporting-and the good sense of our editor­ The argument for Hatch Act repeal is that a great deal of time and energy encour­ ial judgments. the present law is harsh and overly restric­ aging young people to consider journal­ Meeting the demands of leadership can tive, allegedly making second-class citizens ism as a career. Many of the young black make good newspapers viable. That is why of government workers. "It is nothing less they are in business-that is really what than scandalous and self-defeating to ex­ reporters on the Nation's major news­ they have to sell. clude 2.8 million of our brightest, most tal­ papers and journals have benefited from I understand that you who have been ented citizens from the political process," his guidance and expertise. invited to participate in this workshop are says Representative William L. Clay (D., On June 22, 1977, Mr. Eure was invited a most creditable group. That you are quite Mo.), the chief House sponsor. to address journalism majors at the Uni­ serious about committing yourselves to se­ But the Hatch Act, opponents of repeal versity of Kansas at a media workshop. rious study for these two weeks with in­ say, already permits broad political activity Mr. Speaker, I was greatly impressed by structors and journalists who will be con­ by federal workers. They can vote, express Mr. Eure's candid remarks and I would ducting the workshop. I hope each of you their political opinions as private citizens, will gain some clearer insights about what wear political buttons and display bumper like to share them with my colleagues at it takes to become a competent journalist stickers, participate in nonpartisan elections this time. I urge them to give considera­ because· that's the only kind that counts! and even belong to political organizations tion to his thought-provoking message. I have been informed that during these and attend political conventions as long as The speech follows: two weeks you have concentrated on fun­ they aren't officers or organizers. They. may KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY DEXTER D. EURE, SR. damentals and basics-and have been al­ not run for office, manage campaigns or I am personally flattered by this opportu­ lowed to participate in open discussions, handle political funds. nity to participate in this kind of workshop expose you to dealing with problems of Representative Joseph L. Fisher (D. Va.) that brings to the Unive·rsity of Kansas some reporting, techniques of the profession and recalls that when the Hatch Act was passed inspiring young people from the great mid­ related matters. in response to political coercion of Works west of Kansas and Missouri who are com­ So I think it is important at the outset to Progress Administration employees in the mitted to making their impact upon the pause and comment on minority-member late 1930's, civil servants in Washington fourth estate. status. viewed it as "a truly landmark piece of legis­ I am not really a journalist--say in the Being a black soul brother or sister has lation for their protection and betterment." sense that you appreciate Bob Maynard, a nothing to do with your being at this Today, there's no evidence federal workers distinguished alumnus of this Journalism workshop. are clamoring for political "freedom." Indeed, School, and now a ranking member of the Being serious about seeking a career in when asked to perform a political act. they editorial board of The Washington Postr--or journalism, is the prime reason for being can easily employ the shield of the 1939 law, Tom Johnson of The New York Times, Chuck here on the campus of the University of saying, "Sorry, I'm hatched." Stone of the Philadelphia Daily News, Francis Kansas today. You are interns willing to The result has been a federal work force Ward of The Los Angeles Times, Bob Johnson seek the best education and training avail­ that the public may perceive as unresponsive of JET Magazine, Vernon Jarret and Barbara able that prepares you to compete as pro­ or inefficientr--but not politically motivated. Reynolds of The Chicago Tribune, John Dot­ fessional journalists. Even while "hatched," federal workers and son of Newsweek--or from my own shop in You cannot qualify if your grasp of Eng­ their unions have been spectacularly success­ Boston, Editorial Page member John Robin­ lish is insufficient. You have to know how ful in getting Congress to raise salaries and son, Urban Editor Ron Hutson or Assistant to structure a sentence and understand award inflation-proof pensions that would be Metropolitan Editor Carmen Fields. clearly its full and true meaning. the envy of most private citizens. Without For a while I wrote a column that ap­ You have to be able to gather your facts Hatch Act protections, the political machine peared weekly on the Globe's op-ed page, and information in a relatively short time, put it in written form and then fight with organized for ever-increasin~ salaries and largely because I probably knew more about benefits might be well nigh invincible. Boston's black community that anyone else your editors to get it printed. The unions defeated a compromise pro­ around the City Room. The expertise, which Now the editorial judgment weighs wheth­ posal by Representative Fisher, whose dis­ I developed as propaganda minister !or the er or not your work is professional and trict has the most federal workers outside of Boston Branch NAACP, during the early part sellable. Simply stated-someone has to want Washington. Mr. Fisher would have let fed­ of the turbulent sixties. what you are selling-and be willing to buy eral employees engage freely in politics at For the last ten .years, I have been asso­ what you have written at the local news­ the state and local level, while continuing ciated with top management. You might say stand. Being black isn't going to matte·r dur­ the Hatch Act bars to participation in presi­ that I've been the SPOOK who sits by the ing this period. dential or congressional campaigns. publisher's and editor's door. As for the immediate concern here today CXXIII--1488~Part 19 23634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 and tomorrow, it would be unconstructive Bennet elaborated further: "This is a lead-time advantage over his or her compe­ to rap about how racist our society may hap- fundamental fact of life and of the com­ tition, they are not going to unselfishly pen to be or how the segregationists are munica.tions in America: divided public and handicap themselves by allowing the other keeping us all "deprived." divided communities. If we confront the guy a fair and equal chance at taking first I would hope that you are here to deal implications of the fact, we realize that place. with the mission at hand-that of learning ·' white-oriented media cannot solve the race We can be real proud that a fellow journal­ all you can about professional journalism- ·problems in America because white-oriented ist--Alex Haley with "Roots"-helped a lot and how you best can attain sufficient smarts lhedia. are part of the race problem." of us to discover who we are and where we and techniques for moving in upon the world To intelligently deal with social changes­ came from. I recommend that we now take of journalism. Only in that way will your in- the role that the media can perform means another giant step forward--and plant the fiuence make its mark from a minority per- that publishers and editors have to con­ "seeds" for necessary replacement. spective. This is the most direct way that I tinue their "catch-up" affirmative action I thank you for inviting me here. know of to help you get the "man" off your programs by actively recruiting and train­ back. ing. I do mean educating with tender loving Some literary enthusiasts-during the care-and understanding-where minority; burning sixties and early seventies-who journalist interns like yourselves, can come played roles in bringing about some social aboard to help close so many of the gaps HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG changes, have been off target with some of caused by insensitivity in News Rooms­ OF FLORIDA their views and prescriptions. and provide interpretive bridges to all seg- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Fa.r too much was written about black rage ments of the commu:c.ities they serve. and brought about emotional responses that Look at the plight of the country today- Monday, July 18, 1977 contributed to non-productive acts. and the entire world for that matter. Media, Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, For exa.mple-"Don't accept the white plays a large part of the communication man's educa.tion"-"It isn't necessary to negligence and abuse that deprives our so­ today I had the opportunity to testify know how much two plus two equals."- ciety from learning about a just society. before the Subcommittee on Social Se­ "Don't read all that fancy language and Take for instance, what some of the lead- curity of the Committee on Ways and stuff"- ing newspapers and columnists are doing to Means, in support of three bills that I Recently, a newly appointed black direc:tor get Ambassador Andrew Young fired by have introduced in the 95th Congress. to one of New England's largest banks, Sam- President Jimmy Carter. The problems facing our social security uel R. Pierce, commented: "We need blacks "He talks too much", they sa.y-"He should recipients are of long standing, Mr. who want to push ahead in the world of be more diploma.tic"-"He's in bed with all business, because in this country-the bot- the blacks in Africa." "And he always has to Speaker, and the resolution of those tom line is business, not poetry and singing." retract his controversial remarks-or have problems is a primary responsibility of For the newspaper industry which is very them clarified." this Congress. So that my colleagues may much snow white, there isn't a single black I say that "cousin" Andy-is right on the be fully aware of the intent of my bills, heading a major metropolitan newspaper de- case. I think that he is telllng the truth­ and in an effort to encourage prompt partment--not in their editorial, advertising, and our State Department and nation, really and effective action on the bills by that circulation or production departments. So are not prepared for this kind of honest subcommittee, I respectfully submit the you can readily understand why your work conduct. The Ambassador, in my judgment, full text of my testimony: here means that you have to get your "act" displays keen intellect. together. Institutionalized racism is very much what TESTIMONY--cOMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS The lack of minorities in decision-making America and the civ111zed world is about-­ Mr. Chairman, thank you for the oppor­ positions represents a challenge-perhaps it's Ambassador Young didn't create this envi­ tunity to appear before your committee today the newspapers, too, that should "get their ronment--or even invent it! I happen to to testify on behalf of three bills that I have act together" for you, the students here think that President Carter is fortunate to introduced in the 95th Congress. Regretfully, today. have Andy on his team, someone who is however. I must tell you that I also intro­ Let's get down to this important !act-- candid enough to deal with the stark reality duced these same three bills in the 94th you've been here to take full advtange of the and conditions, even if he has to retract a Congress, and one of them in the 93rd Con­ learning challenge that is being offered by truthful comment for political reasons. gress, and I am as frustrated, as I am sure this workshop. If you have to exploit, cajole · For those of us in this audience, who are most of our Social Security recipients are. or move some clowns out of your way, your classified "minority-member", I think it is that Congress has not taken the initiative­ time should be dominated by bombarding clear that we want to participate and enjoy yet, to correct the unjust situations thRt everyone with questions about what makes all the goodies of this society. these bills were designed to correct. journalism tick. These young journalist interns-are going Thousands, probably millions, of word1 And, if necessary, don't hit the bUnkers to have to fight for the right to present their have been spoken before the Members of tht1 until you have secured the maximum re- beliefs and thoughts via the written word­ Committee on behalf of the plight of Socin: sponses about the inner-workings of the about black issues, which are really "have­ Security recipients ... so many words tha1 . journalism profession. Your attentiveness, not" issues and are fundamentally the same as tragic as their individual situations .are. has to be total commitment to LEARN- for anyone that is being excluded. their overall story sounds like a broken and learn-and learn! Oh yes, there have been some social gains- record. But just because a problem isn't a Now I can imagine that many of you, hav- the fact that this journalism workshop is new problem, doesn't mean that it isn't an ing just gotten out of school-and most you being underwritten by a grant from the urgent problem. In fact its "longevity", in being tired of being preached to, instructors Newspaper Fund gives testimony that the this instance, only adds to its urgency. The constantly on your backs, and Mamma and industry is aware that minorities are far longer these injustices continue, the more Daddy never easing up with the lecturing- too absent from the mainstream of the news­ devastating the results for elderly people who and then comes along this big turkey me paper profession. find themselves deeper and deeper in debt who appears to be merely on a one'-wa.y Let's make it known loud and clear that with every passing year. dialogue trip. the industry remains cheated of great talents The term "senior citizen", depending on Let's talk about how you ca. s i i of minorities who are denied the opportunity who is using it, can refer to people ranging n urv ve n to contribute. journallsm-and how you might attain your in age from 55 to over 100. This is a 50 year proper niche with a newspaper or some Many Americans, particularly black Amer­ lifespan, and it is an age range into which other medium. icans-feel that they have been and are stlll some of us already fall, and many more will being wronged by the press-that they can­ reach before very much time has passed. Today there are more than 64,000 college not make their point of view known. students studying journalism in the post­ When we legislate for "senior citizens", Mr. Watergate era. Some forces argue that the This is an abuse of press power. Chairman, we are not legislating for some minority students among the 64,000 have We know of the petty ways the press can obscure group of people. We are legislating caused a lowering of standards. The charge oppress-the misleading or damaging head­ for our friends, our neighbors. our relatives, seems patent.ly false and nowhere supported line, and the slanted way news comes out and, in some cases, even ourselves. to reinforce the publisher's bias or anger. In many countries of the world, the na­ by facts. tion's elderly are the most revered of their Way back in 1968, the media was taken to It comes right into your lap, here-You have to move in and influence the changes that citizens. They are treated with the greatest task by the Kerner Commission Report respect, called upon when difficult decisions about being the major influence to inflaming will truly make the fourth estate-an hon­ orable and fourth member of Society. must be made to take the !ll'eatest advantage the race riots by its insensitive reporting. A of their acquired wisdom and experience, and distinguished black journallst, Lerone Ben­ Let's also understand that the establish­ cared for revenently by their families and net, Jr. of Ebony magazine, commented: "It ment media-is controlled by powerful orga­ governments. Are America's elderly any less is impossible to speak of mass media in nizations that are committed fully to barring worthy? Of course not! America without adding the specification of you from taking over without a real show­ One of the most unfair sections of our white or black media. It is impossible to down war. present Social Security law, in my opinion, speak of general publications when they are These same people are in tune with ma­ is the earning-s limitation. My blll H.R. 1389 edited for white or black." jority rule. And as majority-members, with amends Title II of the Social Securtiy Act to July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23635 increase to $4,800 the amount of outside of the month which the recipient lived, and tton to lessened world tensions, but we earnings which (subject to further increases surely the grieving family, with all of the cannot forget those who are denied basic under the automatic adjustment provisions) problems and traumas involved, are entitled is permitted each year without deductions to that. civil rights. Forced deportations, broken from benefits. The final bill for which I offer testimony families, and the lack of essential free­ Just for a minute, Mr. Chairman, I would today, is H.R. 2897, a bill to a.mend Title II doms of speech, press, assembly, and reli­ like to ask you, and the Members of your of the Social Security Act to provide that a gion are burdens our hearts cannot carry, Committee to mentally celebrate your 65th marriage or remarriage of an individual en­ sorrows our hearts cannot ignore. birthday, as it would occur if you were an titled to a widow's, widower's, or parent's in­ As a privileged nation we should sup­ American citizen employed in the private surance benefits shall not terminate such port the human rights of the oppressed sector. You wake up this morning, and llke individual's entitlement to benefits or reduce to or not, you are retired. Your income from the amount thereof. The mental picture of a people of the world and pray for their this day forward wlll come to you in the form retired couple enjoying their leisure years, freedom. With our heritage as a free and of a Social Security check once a month ... doing all the things they always wanted to do open society goes the obligation of keep­ a check that wlll be considerably smaller together when they were too busy raising ing hope alive among the downtrodden than the one you've been accustomed to get­ their families, is a. lovely picture which for everywhere. The Helsinki accords, though ting every month of your working life. The some does come true. For many others, how­ controversial, cannot be ignored by the people in your office wave a hopefully sad ever, one partner outlives the other and is Communist world without people of good "goodby", and caution you to catch those left alone in what can be a lonely, friendless fish, hit those golf balls, and play with those a.nd insecure world. After some period of will drawing the obvious conclusions and grandchildren to your heart's content. adjustment, some find another partner who basing their politics and their commit­ "Never give us another thought", they cau­ would like to share those lonely and idle ments on the lessons to be learned. tion, "from now on we'll take care of every­ years. For those who are fortunate enough I join my colleagues today in dedicat­ thing that is important." to be in that situation, it is a shame that ing myself to continued concern for the How do you feel? Probably not very good. many must hesitate to take advantage of it people of the captive nations of the The prospect of 20 to 40 years with nothing because to do so would mean a drastic re­ world. to do but grow older is a very bleak picture. duction in their already meager income. But, you are a resourceful person ... there is My blll does not provide that a widow, plenty to be done, and there are plenty of for example, already receiving Social Security good years in you left to do them. Do you benefits, who then remarries, would continue WORKFARE WORKS devote your life to golf, fishing, the grand­ to receive her widow's benefits plus benefits children, and a few charitable activities? that she might receive as the spouse of her Perhaps you do, until you find that your own new husband-because no one is allowed to HON. PAUL FINDLEY income is so limited, your lifestyle so drasti­ receive more than one Social Security benefit OF ILLINOIS cally reduced, and your mental stimulation each month. What it does mean, is that a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES so low, tha.t if you are to be at least com­ widow would receive either the amount she Monday, July 18, 1977 fortable in your "r.etirement", you must do had been receiving as a widow, or the amount something to supplement your income. Hav­ she would be entitled to on her new hus­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I was in­ ing made this decision, you set out to find a band's earning record, whichever is greater. trigued by an article appearing in the job, and not only do you face the problem of The effect is to guarantee that no qualified being overage for most kinds of employment, July 18, 1977 issue of U.S. News & World beneficiary wm have their Social Security Report wJ:lJch describes efforts now un­ but if you do find a job, almost certainly it benefit reduced or terminated because of re­ pays more than the law allows you to make. marriage. I am deeply concerned, Mr. Chair­ derway in at least 17 States to strength­ If you take it, you lose your social security man, that this inequity of the Social Security en welfare work requirements. I was par­ benefits, which you paid for a.ll of your work­ Act, in some cases discourages a retired ticularly impressed by the apparent suc­ ing life and should be entitled to for as long couple from marrying, or forces them to cess of Utah's "workfare" program. as you live. If you don't take the job, you are adopt a lifestyle of coahabitation without I commend this article to the attention faced with years of boredom and a less than the benefit of marriage that is distasteful to ideal income. of my colleagues, and ask that it be in­ them and to society. To force such an alll­ cluded at this point in the RECORD: It is a vicious cycle, Mr. Chairman, and ance, or an alternative life of loneliness be­ one that should hit home to all of us. And by cause of an unfair law, is unworthy of us as LABOR-WHEN STATES TELL PEOPLE THEY allowing it to continue, we seem to be pun­ individuals or as legislators. MUST WORK FOR WELFARE ishing our "senior citizens" for living more Utah's "workfare" program has blazed a than 65 years. $4,800, Mr. Chairman, is $400 Our Government, and particularly this Congress, Mr. Chairman, spends a great deal new trail. Now many other States are test­ a month, or about 40 hours work a week at ing plans aimed at the same goal: putting the minimum wage. If over your lifetime, of money for causes far less justified than those outlined before this Committee today. people on relief to work. you have invested enough money to earn The idea that able-bodied people should $4,800 a year in interest, the government It is time we pay attention to the needs of our "senior citizens", and make the solution be required to work for their welfare money doesn't penalize your social security pay­ is spreading rapidly across the U.S. ment. You can have both with no argument of their problems a priority in our society instead of an afterthought. I urge this Com­ One such "workfare" program attracting from anyone. Why is the retiree who wants nationwide attention is operating smoothly to work for his fiscal stab111ty and mental mittee to consider favorably H.R. 1389, H.R. 1390 and H.R. 2897, and to recommend their in Utah. sanity any less entitled to it than the one So successful is the Utah plan in moving who "clips his coupons"? It is tlme for us to passage by the House of Representatives as expediently as possible. people off relief rolls that half a dozen correct this injustice, Mr. Chairman. other States are taking a look at it as a pos­ It has been time for a long time, but the sible model for programs of their own. Some fact that we haven't done so to date, doesn't believe it might even be useful to the Carter mean that we can't accomplish it now. It is Administration in its search for national my great hope that the 95th Congress will act CONCERNING CAPTIVE NATIONS welfare reforms. to raise the earning limitation for retirees to WEEK Besides Utah, at least 16 States have stif­ at least a minimum wage, and give our re­ fened their work requirements or added new tirees back the opportunity to earn their self work incentives in the last two years. Anum­ respect, and the ab111ty to provide for their HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. ber of other States and many cities have own comforts in the years that they are per­ OF NEW YORK some kind of program aimed at putting re­ haps most entitled to them. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lief recipients to work. And the Federal Gov­ Another small, but devastating injustice in ernment's Work Incentive Program-known our Social Securj,ty program can be elimi­ Monday, July 18, 1977 as WIN-is steadily stepping up its pace in nated by the passage of my blll H.R. 1390, a Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, this week finding jobs for welfare recipients. blll to amend Title II of the Social Security ON THE JOB, ON THE DOLE Act to provide that a beneficiary shall, if we observe the 19th anniversary of Cap­ otherwise qualified, be entitled to a prorated tive Nations Week. As Americans we The Utah plan is unique in several re­ have been blessed with freedoms and lib­ spects. It is sterner and goes further than benefit for the month in which he (or the most other programs. It is mandatory. And insured individual) dies. Social Security pay­ erty unknown to many nations through­ it doesn't just train people for future jobs. ments are earned by our citizens during their out the world. Nations which yearn in It actually puts them to work while they are working years and are supposed to be paid vain for similar blessings should have still drawing welfare payments. for the rest of their natural lives, but our our special remembrance this week. In most places, such work requirements law now reads that if the recipient dies Our Nation seeks better understand-· apply only to people on programs financed during a given month, his Social Security by State or local funds, such as "general as­ check for that month must be returned in ing with the Soviet Union and other sistance" or "direct relief." full to the government. My b111 w111 at least Communist countries through trade, Utah's plan applies to those who receive allow retention of the money for the days science, and negotiations as a cdntribu- Aid to Fam111es with Dependent Children 23636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 (AFDC), a huge, nationwide program that Also, it is suggested, labor unions in more­ MILLION-DOLLAR SAVINGS draws heavily upon federal funds. Utah of­ industrialized States might oppose welfare Bridgeport, Conn., started last year a plan ficials say theirs was the first work require­ people being given jobs that might be sought requiring employable people receiving wel­ ment approved by the Department of Health, by union members. fare to work one or two days a week, depend­ . Education and Welfare for application to But in the view of Robert W. Hatch, a field ing on the amount of their aid. About 300 AFDC. director for the Utah assistance-payments persons out of a case load of 1,330 are now "Utah is the first State where people earn administration, public acceptance of the idea working. If they fail to work for a period of their welfare grants," claims the program's that welfare recipients should work for their two weeks, their benefits are automatically co-ordinator, Usher T. West. money is spreading throughout the nation. terminated. Officially, Utah's method is called a work­ Says Hatch: "I think that in time, putting Result: Bridgeport's case load has been experience and training program. But its welfare clients to work will become a com­ cut 45 per cent in a year's time, with a mil­ training is not the usual type done in class­ mon practice." lion-dollar reduction in the city's welfare rooms. Trainees learn to work by actually In fact, a trend in that direction is already budget. working. If private employment cannot be apparent . . Milwaukee County, Wis., has a locally run found for them, they are put to work for Oklahoma has a 2-year-old work-experi­ pay-for-work program requiring all able­ public agencies, doing jobs that are needed ence program that was passed by the legis­ bodied welfare applicants to take specially by State or local governments. They serve as lature at the urging of Governor David created jobs in municipal or county depart­ teachers' aides in their neighborhood schools Boren. It requires that anyone 18 or older ments. They are paid $2 an hour for a 32- or plant trees in public parks, for example. in a family receiving Aid to Families with hour workweek. Dependent Children must visit the local em­ They work three days a week but remain on One experiment being watched closely is the welfare rolls until they find regular jobs. ployment office and sign up for a )ob that's available. a "supported work" program run by the Only ill, aged or disabled persons or moth­ Manpower Demonstration Research Corpora­ ers with children under 6 years of age are ex­ In 1975, there were 2,300 persons partici­ pating in the Oklahoma program. Many tion, a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization empted. All others are told to take one of the set up with the support of the Ford Founda­ jobs offered to them or lose all or at least a worked in State institutions, hospitals or in county offices for $5 a day to offset expenses, tion and five Federal Government agencies­ part of their welfare payments. principally the Department of Labor. Those who participate in the program are plus their regular AFDC checks. "They are usually placed in jobs where It has 15 projects in 13 States that provide helped by the State to find jobs in private jobs, mostly with public or nonprofit agen­ industry. Many are doing so. they can easily be trained end hopefully be picked up by the business community," says cies, for more than 2,000 marginally em­ In one six-month period, from July ployable people, including AFDC mothers. through December of last year, 782 people a State spokesman. Last year, more than 700 persons were placed in permanent posi­ Instead of welfare checks, they get pay­ were were assigned to the work program. Of checks at minimum-wage rates. that total, 311 were removed because they did tions outside the government. not perform as required. But 11 people were THE RISK OF REJECTING WORK A mixture of welfare funds and grants is hired by the sponsors who gave them their used to finance the program. The workers The Texas · legislature recently passed leg­ will be helped to find permanent jobs in pri­ training jobs, and 218 found other kinds of islation to supplement the Federal Govern­ employment. In addition, 109 mothers found vate industry once they have developed the ment's Work Incentive Program. Welfare necessary skills. enough work to reduce the amount of wel­ recipients must register for work, and if they fare funds needed to support their ~ammes. reject a job without a good reason, their Many towns and some States have found that the administration of work-for-aid "FEELING GREAT" benefits may be cut off after an administra­ programs is too costly to justify the small A 32-year-old mother of two children was tive review. North Carolina's legislature this year numbers put to work. But the search for hired recently as a full-time office worker in practicable systems goes on-and widens. Salt Lake City's assistance-payments admin­ passed a law requiring welfare. recipients to istration, the same office that handed her register for work. In the words of Fritz Kramer, a manpower welfare checks for 13 years before she took As the law's sponsor, State Senator E. specialist with the Labor Department: "A job training for two years. During the in­ Lawrence Davis of Winston-Salem, explains number of States are exploring ways to pro­ struction period, she says, "even though I was it: A family head who falls to register is vide jobs in either the public or the private getting welfare I felt I was working for it." taken off the rolls. But aid to his or her chil­ sector to get people off the welfare rolls." And now, she adds, "With my new job I am dren will continue as "protective payments" barely making ends meet. But I feel great made through some other person or perhaps because I am making it on my own." an agency, such as a church. Since the law Utah officials point out that communi­ did not take effect until July 1, it's too soon DISPLACED HOMEMAKER CENTER ties as well as individuals benefit from the to tell how effective it will be. BILL IN TEXAS program. Some agencies, such as private non­ A PART-TIME WORK FORCE profit organizations that are constantly In the State of New York, all employable short of funds, report that the services of persons receiving general welfare-assistance HON. J. J. PICKLE welfare recruits have been invaluable. payments have, since May 1, been required OF TEXAS One self-help agency in Salt Lake City, for to work three days a week in a local-govern­ instance, had the funds to buy insulation for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment agency if jobs are ~vailable. the homes of elderly poor people, but lacked There are about 60,000 such persons, and Monday, July 18, 1977 money to hire workers to install it. Welfare State Social Services Commissioner Ph111p trainees have been assigned to the job. An­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, on Thurs­ Toia says: "We're hoping to develop jobs day of this week at 9:30 a.m. the Edu­ other self-help group put trainees to work within local-government agencies for at least repairing the homes of elderly Salt Lake City 30,000 of those employables within the next cation and Labor Subcommittee on Em­ residents. three months. We're hopin& that, when ployment Opportunities will hold hear­ A QUESTION OF LEGALITY faced with working three days a week, many ings on H.R. 28, the Displaced Home­ Some critics charge that Utah's job-train­ will go out and get a full-time job." makers Act. I am a cosponsor of this bill ing effort is nothing more than a thinly dis­ One problem is that four fifths of the and I thought it timely to call to the guised public-works program that uses un­ employables covered by the program are in attention of the Members of this House derpaid welfare recipients in place of regular New York City, where in the last two years that Texas in May of this year passed employes. thousands of public employes have been the displaced homemakers' center bill Legal-services lawyer Lucy Billings says she laid off in the city's effort to cope with a is considering filing a court suit against the financial crisis. "I anticipate some . com­ that calls for the establishment of two program on the ground that it violates fed­ plaints from the municipal workers' unions," pilot multipurpose service centers un­ eral regulations that people cannot be re­ says Assistant Welfare Commissioner Irwin der the supervision of the Texas Reha­ quired to work for their welfare payments. Brooks. However, according to a New York bilitation Commission. These centers will It took Utah three years to get its program Daily News poll publishee.. May 23, about provide specialized counseling for the in­ approved by the U.S. Department of Health, 87 per cent of residents in the New York creasing number of women who have de­ Education and Welfare. For 18 months, HEW metropolitan area approve of the new work­ voted a number of years to child rearing withheld federal contributions to Utah's pro­ fare program. and homemaking and suddenly find gram for Aid to Families with Dependent Work-for-welfare bills simila~· to New Children. It cost the State almost a million York's are pending in several States, includ­ themselves needing a paying job. The at­ dollars to make the AFDC payments entirely ing Connecticut and New Jersey. tached story is from the Texas Women's from State funds. But many Utah people feel Massachusetts is one of the States study­ Political Times, June 1977, "Caucus As­ that it was well worth the cost. ing the Utah plan of mandatory work for sesses Lobby Effort." Utah officials concede that their program heads of AFDC families. Since 1975, Massa­ The article follows: might not work so well in other parts of the chusetts has barred all employable persons country, especially in big cities where popu­ from direct relief or general-assistance rolls. CAUCUS ASSESSES LOBBY EFFORT lation is denser and welfare rolls are much The State of Rhode Island followed suit last (By Jody Richardson) larger. Of Utah's nearly 1.2 million residents, Septem'IJer, cutting its relief case load by The Texas Women's Political Caucus has only 39,000 are getting money grants of aid. more than 20 per cent. now weathered three times the 140-day July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23637 whirlwind known as the Texas Legislature. any associations with the private sector may worst conceivable construction can be put The 65th session, which screeched to a sud­ now be hazardous to your political health. on almost any action. But in between parti­ den halt May 31 saw the Caucus garner a In the current issue of Harper's magazine, san advantage and personal publicity, there number of significant victories and warns Jim Hougan has exhumed the story of Bo are getting to be a lot of incentives in Amer­ of skirmishes sure to stir up again. Callaway as a case in point. ican politics for thinking up that worst con­ All five of the Caucus' top priorities were Mr. Callaway, you may remember, was ceivable ccnstruction, and we might note introduced as bills, two of which passed the President Ford's first campaign manager where the trend seems to be taking us. Texas test. In defensive action, the Caucus in the 1976 election race. He "resigned under If the country's politics make it impos­ helped block passage of two important anti­ fire," as the papers put it at the time, when sible for a public figure to have any connec­ women's rights bills. a Senate subcommittee began investigating tions with the private sector, we will get The Displaced Homemakers' Center bill, charges that he had used an earlier position pub11c officials who do not particularly care HB 444 by Sullivant, McFarland, and Miller, of his as Secretary of the Army to influence about the private sector. If politics becomes signed by Governor Dolph Briscoe May 11. a government decision about developing a synonymous with the destruction of repu­ calls for establishment of two pilot project ski resort area in which he had an interest. tations, we will lose public officials who care multi-purpose service centers under the The subcommittee later issued a report crit­ for their reputations. If it becomes danger­ supervision of the Texas Rehabilitation Com­ icizing Mr. Callaway for his behavior and ous to interfere in the blind workings of mission. calling the whole incident a "sorry history bureaucracy, the bureaucracy will proceed As mandated, one will be in the Dallas-Ft. of partiality and favoritism." unchecked. Worth-Arlington area, the other in a county By then, the publicity surrounding the in­ And if the kind of proceeding that brought of under 100,000 population. Texas thus be­ vestigation and its hearings hac. already re­ dCJiwn Mr. Callaway remains the road to po­ comes the first state to address rural-urban tired Mr. Callaway from public life, and litical profit, even the profiteers may not be differences which face middle-aged new­ the story had been lost in the rush of the very pleased in the end with the government comers to the job market. Nearly 30 other presidential campaign. Mr. Hougan revives they get. states have legislation pending, and the fed­ the story by reminding us just what Mr. eral government is considering a bill to pro­ Callaway seems to have done to merit his vide 90/10 matching funds for state centers. fate. THE UNITED STATES IN THE TWI­ Because of the ever-increasing divorce rate When he became Secretary of the Army LIGHT OF HER YEARS? and the earlier mortality rate of males, thou­ back in 1973, he had-and the Senate that sands of women are finding themselves "out confirmed hUn allowed him to keep-an in­ of a job," often after over 15 years of mar­ terest in a ski resort development company HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN riage, and a career of child-rearing and that wanted to develop Snodgrass Mountain OF CALIFORNIA . in Colorado. Because the mountain was gov­ homemaking. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Centers will provide specialized coun­ ernment-owned, the Department of Agri­ seling for those whose full-time job has been culture's Forest Sex:vice had to approve the Monday, July 18, 1977 homemaker: assessing their past volunteer development. The company first asked for experience in marketable terms, and refer­ this approval in 1971. Four years later, in The July edition of Imprimis, the ring them to existing and cooperating job 1975, the Forest Service issued a tentative Journal of the Center for Constructive training programs. Once trained, the center plan for the area that proposed deferring Alternatives, comprised an article by Dr. staff will assist in job placement, calling development of the mountain for another 10 James E. Dornan, Jr., associate professor largely on enthusiastic support from local years. and chairman of the department of pol­ business communities. When this happened, Mr. Callaway called itics at Catholic University. The Texas Rehabilitation Commission is Richard Ashworth, a Deputy Under Secre­ tary of Agriculture and a personal friend It is an impressive piece not only for now accenting proposals from not-for-profit the clarity and skill with which Dr. Dor­ organizations to operate the centers, which from back home in Georgia, to complain that must be staffed with displaced homemakers the Forest Service was refusing to judge his nan writes but for the fearful implica­ themselves insofar as possible, according to comp~ny's case on its merits. Five months tions of his theme and title: "The De­ the law. TRC sta.ff will aggressively seek al­ later-literally during Mr. Callaway's last cline of the United States as a World ternative sources of funding to supplement hours in office as Secretary of the Army-Mr. Power." the modest $100,000 per year the two centers Ashworth came by to brief Mr. Callaway on In developing his thesis, Dr. Dornan must share. the progress of the matter, and Mr. Calla­ way made his case again. Meanwhile, Colo­ reaches the unavoidable conclusion that rado Forest Service officials were in fact if the United States were to become in­ reversing themselves and deciding to let volved in another crisis of the magni­ TEST OF CHARACTER Snodgrass Mountain be developed-but the tude of Berlin in 1961 or Cuba in 1962, people back in Washington seem to have the United States would be unable to face done nothing during this whole process to down the Soviet Union. Moreover, if the HON. BOB WILSON influence them on Mr. Callaway's behalf. OF CALIFORNIA trends now extant are allowed to con­ But some of the folks around Snodgrass tinue, the United States will soon be un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mountain didn't like the idea of a ski resort expansion, and they thought Mr. Callaway's able to protect her allies, her vital in­ Monday, July 18, 1977 pcsition must have something to do with it. terests and, finally, her own shores. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. SPEAKER, They took their case to Colorado's Demo­ I commend this critically important an article appeared recP.ntlv in cratic Senator Floyd Haskell, who chaired article to my collea~ues: Harpers magazine entitled: "The Perse­ a subcommittee with jurisdiction over the THE DECLINE OF THE UNITED STATES AS A area and who may have had his own reasons WoRLD PowER cution and Character Assassination of for being interested in the man who by now Howard eycnd our shores. The Soviet defense decision-makers proceeded with considerable are somewhat smaller than their U.S. coun­ efforts that I have described have radically circumspection and even trepidation, fear­ terparts, the disparity is nonetheless a useful altered the nature of the U.S.S.R.'s m111tary ful that vigorous U.S. action might set off indicator of comparative conventional strength, transforming what was once es­ World War III-a war which, under the pre­ strength. During the past decade, the Soviets sentially a continental force into one of vailing circumstances, the United States have added about one m1llion men to their global capab111ties, capable of supporting could not possibly have lost. Reflect, there­ force structure-130,000 of which directly Soviet foreign policy all over the world and fore, upon the likely behavior of the United face U.S. and NATO forces across the central directly intervening anywhere from Central States during a future crisis after the strate­ front on the Continent. They have, more­ Africa to the Caribbean. The observation of gic advantage has passed to the Soviet over, increased the size of their divisions by President Carter that "we're still by far Union. nearly 3,000 men, the density of tanks de­ stronger than they are in most means of To be sure, some commentators have sug­ ployed in each division by nearly 40 percent, measuring m111tary strength" has nothing gested that the Soviet Union is likely to be­ and the conventional artmery deployed with whatever to do with reality. have as circumspectly as did the United each division by at least 50 percent and in To be sure, it is posst.ble to argue that I States when it possessed the strategic ad­ some cases even 100 percent. As a result, have presented in these remarks an overly vantage, and for the same reasons: the lead­ twenty Soviet divisions today are the equiv­ alarmist view. There is no doubt that the ers of the U.S.S.R. are no more anxious than alent of twenty-five to twenty-seven divi­ United States still retains a mighty strate­ those of the U.S. to set off a nuclear holo­ sions of ten years ago. It is worth noting gic striking force, which in fact has been caust. Moreover, it is argued, the Soviet have that the United States has a total of 11,600 improved in several important ways over the proceeded cautiously in the past in their tanks in active service, while the Soviet force we deployed as recently as five years efforts to translate military power into politi­ ago. Neither can there be any doubt that cal advantage, and can be expected to be­ Union has at least 45,,500. New assault and under present circumstances a pre-emptive attack-type helicopters, improved infantry Soviet strategic strike· upon the United States have similarly in the future. combat vehicles, self-propelled artillery, These arguments appear to me to be sin­ would be an act of folly. gularly unpersuasive. As I have suggested mobile rocket launchers, precision-guided Nevertheless, the analysis of extant trends antitank weapons, and T-72 main battle above, there is no reason to believe that the in the strategic balance set forth above sug­ Soviet leaders think about nuclear war or tanks are all presently being deployed by the gests that in the not distant future the U.S.S.R. in large numbers, especially in about the relationship between mmtary U.S.S.R. may well possess the capab111ty to force and foreign policy in the manner of Europe. destroy the bulk of the U.S. ICBM and bom­ A similar situation exists in the area of tac­ ber force in a first strike utilizing only a most American defense intellectuals. Even tical air power. Not counting approximately portion of its MTRVed heavy missile force. more significant is the fact that until re­ 3,000 trainer aircraft and the 2,600 fighters Most of its land- and sea-based missiles could cently the Soviet Union has been distinctly previously mentioned, which are assigned to be held in reserve to deter an American re­ inferior to the West in strategic power. The the air defense forces, the tactical air inven­ taliatory strike in the unlikely event that world has no experience with a Soviet Union tory of the Soviet Union-including fighters, it should be threatened. That possibility car­ which possesses substantial military advan­ attack aircraft, intermediate range bombers. ries profound consequences for the stabi11ty tages over the United States, and it would be and reconnaissance aircraft-now numbers of the international system and for Ameri­ dangerous in the extreme to assume that her more than 5,000 planes. A substantial pro­ can security. At the very least the likelihood growing military power will have little or no portion of these are assigned to the NATO of direct Soviet challenges to and threats impact on Soviet behavior in international theatre. Finally, Soviet tactical air power against U.S. interests abroad will increase politics. in Europe is backstopped by an intermediate­ substantially. AMERICAN POLITICAL INFLUENCE DIMINISHES range missile force of 600 launchers, now be­ It is worth recalling, as the German strate­ I have laid such great stress on the state of ing significantly upgraded through the de­ gic thinker von Clausewitz reminded us 175 the contemporary m111ta.ry balance between ployment of the mobile and MJRVed SS-20 years ago, that power is not only the capacity the United States and the Soviet Union be­ IRBM. As a consequence of these and similar to destroy, it is also the capabi11ty to in­ cause mi11tary strength is the most obvious deployments of new technology weapons the fluence, and that weaTlons have uses that indicator of national power. Ample portents often-cited U.S.-NATO advantage in tactical far transcend the making of war. Not only of the decline of the United States as a. nuclear systems is clearly declining. is war a continuation of politics by other global power, however, can be found in the There can be no doubt, therefore, that the means, Clausewitz instructed us, but the political realm as well. overall conventional military balance be­ acquisition and deployment of military forces It is worth examining the view increasingly tween the superpowers has worsened appre­ in peacetime are-or should be-primarily held abroad of the United States' power and ciably during the past several years, especially governed bv political considerations. From influence. Since the defeat of the United in Europe. Thie situation does not markedly the time of Lenin down to the present day States in Vietnam and our abortive response improve if Allied forces are added to U.S. the leadership of the Soviet Union has closely to the Angolan crisis, there has appeared in theatre capab111ties. And most serious com­ studied Claw::ewitz. And from the time of the European press, especially in France and mentators agree that should the U.S.S.R. Lenin down to the present day the exercise the Federal Republic of Germany, an out­ launch an attack across the Central Front of influence in peacetime has been one of pouring of concern about the w1llingness and with a reasonable degree of tactical surprise, the primary purposes governing Soviet force ability of the United States to sustain a. co­ they would overwhelm NATO defenses and deployments. herent foreign policy. European foreign cor­ reach the English Channel within a start­ In recent years Soviet leaderl'l have quite respoudfmts now regularly speak of "the lingly short time. In the past, the West could openly called attention to the political pur­ eclipse of American power," "the withdrawal rely upon its strategic superiority over tbe no"e'> which inspire the U.S.S.R.'s military of the U.S. from world politics," "the paraly­ U.S.S.R. to deter such an attack. That superi­ builduo. informinl?' us that the world correla­ sis of American foreign policy," "the rise of ority no longer exists. tion or" forces has-shifted irrevocably in the nco-isolationism in America." Stern, West In the area of naval strength, I note that direction of the socialist world: the United Germany's largest magazine, stated flatly in ten years ago the Soviets had no misflile­ States retreat from Vietnam, the abortive its special supplement honoring the Ameri­ carrying cruisers; today they have 22. Ten U.S. response to the Cuban invasion of An­ can Bicentennial that "the American era is years ago they had 12 missile-carrying de­ gola, and the American acceptance of Soviet past.'' stroyers and destroyer-like vessels; today they numerical superiority in the SALT I Ac­ According to a recent study by the United have more than 40. Ten years ago the Soviet cords, all proved qutte conclusively, they States Information Agency, doubts about the Union had 45 nuclear-powered submarines: have asserted, that the United States is in ability of the NATO alliance to protect West­ today they have more than 130. Finally, after the process of accommodating itself to the ern Europe in the face of the growing Soviet a decade of determined shipbuilding effort, emergent international order in which the threat have tripled in Italy over the past five the Soviets have deployed their first true air­ Soviet Union is the pre-eminent power. years, nearly doubled in West Germany and craft carrier and have under construction at American leaders from Kissinger to Carter, France during a similar period, and drasti­ least three more. The capabilitv of the Soviet of courFe, have argued that the Soviet lead­ cally increased elsewhere in Europe as well. Navy has become so~ significant that the re­ ers are wrong, and that the United States, in Even Western European officials, who cus­ cently retired Chief of Naval Operations, Ad­ the words of former President Ford, is stm tomarily take an upbeat view of prospects for miral Elmo Zumwalt. doubts whether the second to none in the primary indices of in­ West in public pronouncements, are now U.S. Mediterranean fleet could successfully ternational Power. In reaching your own con­ having second thoughts, and are openly voic­ deal with its Soviet counterpart in the event clusions as to who has the better of this de­ ing their concern about the future of NATO of war in Europe today. In an esPecially bate, I ask you to reflect upon the attitudes and the prospects for a meaningful East­ alarmist aporaisal, General George Keegan, and behavior of American deci!!'ion-makers West detente. The growing malaise in West­ recently retired chief of Air Force Intelli­ during two of the most important interna­ ern Europe doubtless has had an impact gence, asserts that in the event of war 75 tional crises of the postwar oeriod, the Hun­ upon the startling growth in the political percent of the free world's surface fleets garian revolution and its aftermath in 1956 strength of the left-wing parties in Italy and would be destroyed by Soviet forces, naval and the Cuban missile affair of 1962. If you ·more recently in France, and the prospects and a&, within a matter of hours. investigate these events you will discover for an accession to power of a. government of 23640 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977' the left have increased substantially in both structive lllustration. Attendees at the con­ ever their merits; the abrupt shifts of person­ countries during the past eighteen months. ference included such well-known "neutral" nel in top decision-making positions which Even in the Eas~ern Mediterranean, where nations as Cuba, North Korea, North Viet­ occur as a result of the electoral process in Greece and Turkey were formerly bastions of nam, Laos, Cambodia. and Angola. The Ph111p­ democratic societies; the opportunities af­ NATO strength with a. long history of suspi­ pines were accorded only guest status, and forded interest groups to influence the policy cion of Soviet motives and resistance to Rus­ South Korea was not permitted to attend at process; and finally, the desire of the popula­ sian imperia.>:.Sm. the situation in the past all. The final statement of the conference tions in democratic states to exploit the eighteen month'> has alarmingly deteriorated. called for withdrawal of all U.S. forces from political process to improve the material con­ Against the strongly-stated desires of its South Korea and complete Panamanian con­ ditions under which they live. The advent of NATO allies, Turkey recently allowed the new trol of the isthmus canal U.S. military bases welfare democracy and its increasing drain Soviet aircraft carrier Kiev to pass through in Latin America were condemned as "a on the financial resources of democratic gov­ the Black Sea. straits, in direct violation of threat to the peace and security of the re­ ernment has complicated matters by creating the Montreux Convention-the latest in a gion"; there was of course no mention of So­ pressures to reduce expenditures during pe­ series of Turkish attempts in recent months viet bases in the Middle East or along the riods of relative peace. to build a. more friendly relationship with its edge of the Indian Ocean littoral. The mem­ These are problems, however, which all the colossus to the north. In part, of course, re­ ber states called for an end to Puerto Rico's democratic states of the West face in com­ cent Turkish policy is a result of dismay over "colonial status," whlle of course not men­ tioning the colonial domination of the Bal­ mon. The American nation, as a consequence U.S. policy towards Cyprus, but in part Tur­ of its own special origins and political his­ key is simply aC'commoda.ting itself to the tic states by the Soviet Union, of Tibet by Communist China, and the like. tory, bears additional burdens. These burdens preva.111ng winds in international politics, stem from the American political character perceiving that as the power of the U.S. and In the United Nations as well the develop­ ing world appears to be rapidly moving to­ itself, and from our traditional assumptions NATO decline relative to that of the U.S.S.R., about the nature of world politics and the Turkey can hardly afford poor relations with ward positions on world issues favored by the Soviet Union. On the twenty-six votes American role in the international political the Soviet Union system. Not only has the United States as­ All over Euro:pP the prospects for ·"Finla.nd­ identified by the State Department as key issues during the past seven years, only thir­ sumed, as the rhetoric which I quoted at iza.tion," as rect:ntly as two years ago widely teen nations voted consistently with the the outset clearly indicates·, that as a. new considered to be a fantasy of American pes­ United States. More than 100 nations, about kind of society we are uniquely qualified and simists, are now being widely discussed. The two-thirds of the total, voted with the So­ designed to help remake the world in the term "Finlandization" refers to the prospect viet Union and against the United States American democratic image, but we have that the states of Europe, incapable of de­ more than 50 percent of the time. tended to assume that ultimately force can fending thems~l. ves in the face of overwhelm­ I could go on at length, but I believe the be banished from history and that the United ing Soviet military superiority, wlll gradually picture is clear. The era of American pre-emi­ States can avoid continuing participation in modify their pol!tical behavior and even their nence, in which the United States actively what we have always disparagingly referred internal politica: systems to suit the conven­ employed its military and economic strength to as "international power politics." ience and the aesires of the Soviet Union, as to protect nations around the world against These ideas and assumptions have been has the nation of Finland throughout the a~gression and revolution, has passed. The reinforced by the impact of modern liberal­ postwar period. The facts concerning Fin­ United States is now hard pressed to defend ism on the American political outlook. The land's relationship with the U.S.S.R. bear re­ its own vital interests beyond its borders. belief in the perfectab111ty of man and in ca.lllng. When t:he term of Finnish President Should the military trends described above the possiblllty for the radical amelioration Urho Kekkonen legally ended in 1974, Soviet continue to develop as they have during the of the human condition which lies at the Secretary General Brezhnev publicly de­ past five years, even that may be beyond us core of the liberal political outlook makes it manded that he remain in office lest the regu­ in the not-distant future. difficult, lf not impossible, for liberal states­ larly-scheduled general elections result in THE REASONS FOR AMERICA'S DECLINE men to accept the permanence of conflict in the selection of a president of Finland less world politics. Thus, when in power, liberals likely to subml.t tc Soviet desires on signifi­ What then explains the decline of the are reluctant to ascribe evll or aggressive in­ cant domestic and international issues. As a. United States from a position of global pre­ tentions to the Soviet Union, and find it dif­ result of Brezhnev's demand, the nationwide eminence ·to its present status? Needless to ficult to understand the continuing role of presidential elections were cancelled and say, it is not possible to identify the reasons power, especially military power, in interna­ Kekkonen's term was extended four more in detail or with precision within the space tional politics. years by an act of Parliament. Reacting to allotted to me here. Several factors, however, both internal ann external criticlsm, Kekko­ deserve mention. First, it is worth observing CONCLUSION: CAN AMERICA BE "BORN AGAIN"? nen recently declared that elections will be that to a certain extent the changes which The rather gloomy analysis set forth above held in 1978, but it has become apparent that have occurred in the global power balance should not necessarlly lead to the conclusion this is a. triumph of form Y)Ver substance: al­ have been beyond the capacity of the United that the United States is doomed, destined ready all majo.\' parties, including the Con­ States to alter. The breakup of the European to follow Greece, Rome, and the British Em­ servatives, have announced that Kekkonen colonial empires in the 1950s and 60s, the pire into the dustbin o~ history. The long­ will be their candidate. All this has occurred relative decline of Europe itself as a center term trends, nevertheless, are not encourag­ not because o: the strength of the Finnish of global power and influence, and the sub­ ing. Neither is there any sign at the moment Communist party, which has never received sequent emergence of new power centers­ that the new administration possesses the more than 25 percent of the popular vote in particularly those of the emerging nations grasp of international realities necessary to any Finnish election, but because of direct able to exploit for their own advantage rich set the United States on a. new path, although external pressure by the SOviet Union. Once natural resource bases or fortuitous geo­ of course it is too early yet to draw any firm again, I ask you to reflect upon future possi­ graphic position-have all combined to conclusions. Whatever the noblllty of Mr. blllties. change the structure of world politics in ways Carter's pronouncements on human rights, How would a Communist-governed Italy which have both reduced the relative power moral rhetoric is no substitute for policy, behave in the face of similar Soviet pressure, of the United States and complicated our and it remains to be seen if the Carter human or for that matter a Socialist-Communist security problem. rights policy is more than rhetoric and if so, coalition government in France? And should Moreover, the Soviet drive for world pre­ what its implications are. Although he has the dominoes begin to fall in the rest of Eu­ eminence, and especially the attempt of the spoken out with a. vigor which the world has rope, how would the Netherlands behave? U.S.S.R. to acquire superpower military capa­ not recently heard from an American presi­ There a political party leader proposed that bility, would have occurred even if the United dent on the continued violations of the Hel­ the Dutch army should be reduced to one S'tates had pursued the wisest of policies sinki agreement, the United Nations charter, man, Russian-speaking, whose sole task throughout the postwar period. Short of pre­ and the elemental laws of human decency would be to telephone to Moscow the an­ emptive war, there was little that the U.S. generally by the U.S.S.R., he has thus far said nouncement of the Netherlands' surrender could have done to prevent the Soviet Union nothing about similar violations of human in the event of a Soviet invasion of Western from becoming a military superpower capable rights in such communist states as Cuba., Europe. He received nearly 20 percent of the of offering serious challenges to United States Vietnam, and North Korea.. In fact, he has vote in a recent parliamentary election. interests. proposed that the United States pursue a. The situation is only slightly more prom­ In the final third of the twentieth century, policy of detente with all three nations. ising in the Far East. In Japan, for example, however, it has become obvious that the Neither can we be certain that the relatively there is widespread confusion and alarm American democratic system itself is in some well-designed American arms control pro­ over continued evidence of U.S. determina­ respects an impediment to the development posals presented to the Soviets in Moscow tion to continue its military withdrawal from of a coherent and intelligent international Asia. Discussion has begun on the alterna­ policy. Commentators from Thucydides and recently represent the administration's final tives open to Japan, including accommoda­ de Tocquevllle to Henry Kissinger have re­ position on strategic policy. Finally, Mr. tion to Soviet and Chinese power and the ac­ marked upon the difficulties which demo­ Carter's stubborn determination to withdraw quisition of nuclear arms. cratic societies encounter in the foreign U.S. ground forces from Korea, in the face of In the Third World, American influence is policy arena. Some of the problems stem from clear evidence that his policy might seriously probably at an all time postwar low. Events the dynamics of two-party competition, upset the strategic stability of Northeast at the meeting of "non-aligned nations" in which appear to require that the out-party Asia, is the most discouraging evidence to Sri Lanka. in the summer of 1976 offer an in- reject the policies of the party in office, what- date that ideology rather than a realistic July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23641 grasp of the imperatives of world politics will loan rate for 1978. Do you support these The argument against normalization be the primary animus of this administra­ levels or would you favor something else? of relations with Peking is very effective­ tion's foreign policy. (In Percent) ly made in a letter to the editor of the More than a. decade ago, in one of his most Trade Loan illustrious books, a. well-known professor of New York Times published in their July international politics wrote cogently of the Support House BilL------52.4 61.9 13 edition: relationship between power, principle, and Lower ------1. 6 1. 8 HOW JAPAN VIEWS OUR ROLE IN PEKING AND Higher------31.2 15.8 world order. "Whenever 'peace' conceived as No Opinion ______12.9 18. 7 TAIWAN . the avoidance of war," he wrote, "has been No Government______1. 9 1. 9 To the Editor: the primary objective of a. group of powers, Secretary of State Vance is going to China the international system has been at the 2. The House Agriculture Committee Bill in August to advance normalization of rela­ mercy of the most ruthless member of the set a $3.00 target price on wheat and a $2.35 tions with Peking. international community. Whenever the in­ loan rate for 1978. Do you support these Five years ago, the Japanese Government ternational order has acknowledged that cer­ levels or would you favor something else? opened full diplomatic relations with Peking, tain principles could not be compromised Target Loan severing formal ties with Taiwan while con­ even for the sake of peace, stab111ty based on Support House BilL ______31. 4 31. 4 tinuing to maintain economic and cultural an equi11brium of forces was at least con­ Lower------3. 7 2. 9 relations. Some American politicians and ceivable." That professor was a. man whom Higher------5.8 4.7 scholars have urged the Carter Administra­ I am not accustomed to praising, named No Opinion ______56. 7 58. 6 tion to take similar measures. Henry A. Kissinger. The hour is now late, No Government______2. 4 2. 4 There are, however, several fundamental but there is still time for the U.S. to base its 3. Do you feel we should establish a grain aspects involved in American recognition foreign policy on that insight, and to sub­ reserves system? which the Japanese recognition did not have. stitute for a. policy of detente at almost any Yes------21.6 These are the causes of deep concern to the price the difficult decisions and sacrifices Yes Qualified ______42. 4 free Asian peoples. necessary if the American republic, and the civilization of the West· of which it remains First, the American measures are tanta­ the acknowledged leader, is to survive and Total ------64.0 mount to reducing the status of Taiwan, a de facto free independent land of 16 mil­ flourish. No------25.9 lion people, to one of the provinces of a No Opinion ______·------10. 1 Communist country which totally disregards 3a.. (If Yes) What type of grain reserves human rights. As the result, millions of Tai­ RESULTS OF CONGRESSMAN system would you favor setting up? wanese will desperately flee their homeland BLOUIN'S 1977 FARM POLL Farmer-held reserve ______45.8 to the United States and Japan to seek free­ As before ______3.8 dom. With limits______5. 8 Secondly, the U.S. abrogation of the mu­ HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN Domestic only______1. 7 tual defense treaty with Taiwan and the OF IOWA International reserve______1. 3 pullout of ground forces from the Republic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Other------7.9 of Korea, together with President Carter's No Opinion ______33.8 pledge to strengthen NATO, will badly Monday, July 18, 1977 shatter the free Asian peoples' confidence in 4. The dairy parity level is now set at 80% Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, as you are the United States. The Japanese will be adjusted quarterly. Do you feel this should haunted by the idea that the next country well aware, the House tomorrow begins be higher, lower, or left the same? adversely affected will be theirs. As a result, debate on the Agricultural Act of 1977. Higher ------27.3 the pro-American Fukuda Government may Without doubt, it is the single most im­ Lower------0.8 face an even more uncertain future and portant piece of agricultural legislation SameNo opinion ------______44.626.5 opposition parties led by the anti-American which we will consider this session and Japan Socialist Party may take over. it rightly deserves the time and atte:1- Other------0.8 Then the following could happen-Japan tion which the leadership has scheduled 4b. Would you favor a semi-annual adjust­ could make an accommodation with either this week. ment of the dairy parity level rather than a the Soviets or the Chinese in order to lessen As you are well aware, the bill will es­ quarterly adjustment? the Communist threat. Another option is to tablish loan and target price levels on Semi-annual------28.9 go nuclear. The Japanese are firmly committed to non­ major commodities and establish other QuarterlyNo opinion ------______35.933. 8 programs and policies of vital concern proliferation of atomic weapons. However, Other------1.3 when their faith in the United States is not only to the Nation's farmers, but also 5. The payment limitation per farmer is crushed, they will be obliged to have their to consumers. Farmers in eastern Iowa, now $20,000 for corn and wheat. Do you own atomic weapons to defend themselves. as elsewhere, will depend on this legis­ think this level is adequate for the family Nonproliferation cannot be realized by lation to provide them with a fair and farmer or should it be higher or lower? signing a treaty, crying out for it, or trying adequate return on the risks they take if to impose it upon other countries. What is Adequate ------61.4 imoortant is to maintain an international sudden market or natural disaster should Higher------24.7 situation which does not require any country strike. Consumers, for their part, must Lower------No opinion ______9.83.5 to go nuclear. realize that the availability of abundant Thirdly, since the majority of the people and economical food depends upon the No limit------o. 5 on Taiwan are reportedly for independe1;1ce survival and prosperity of the Nation's in some form, the United States should give family farms. the chance of self-determination to them. In an effort to assess how farmers in If the Administration took the measures of eastern Iowa feel about the provisions HOW JAPAN VIEWS OUR ROLE IN recognizing Peking under the present cir­ of this year's Agricultural Act, my staff PEKING AND TAIWAN cumstances. the chance will forever be denied has just completed a scientific telephone the Taiwanese. survey of farmers in the Second Congres­ Lastly, from the point of view of respect­ ing human rights, it should be noted that a sional District. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI democratic country like the Republic of Although opinions-like needs-may OF ILLINOIS China on Taiwan and a Communist country differ from region to region and farm to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are essentially different. The government of farm, I think many of my colleagues Monday, July 18, 1977 a democratic country often limits people's might appreciate knowing how farmers freedom when it feels that peace and security in my district feel about the issues which Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, there are threatened. When the threats are re­ are before us today. If there are no objec­ is a growing body of opinbn in the moved, it usually restores full freedom. On tions, Mr. Speaker, I enter the results United States, reflected across the coun­ the other hand, Communist governments of our poll in the RECORD. try, that the President's intention to rec­ offer no hope of freedom and human rights. RESULTS OF CONGRESSMAN MIKE BLOUIN'S 1977 When the Carter Administration takes ognize Peking is a mistake. In my opin­ measures which affect the status of Taiwan, FARM POLL ion, this would be interpreted as a U.S. (Conducted by telephone during the week of these important aspects should be carefully June 27, 1977) setback in the Pacific and would com­ considered. KIYOSHI NASU. 1. The House Agriculture Committee Bill plicate rather than ease tensions in the set a $2.10 target price on corn and a. $2.00 area. New York, July 5, 1977. 23642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 THE BLACKOUT: THE APPLE TAR­ never fought-poor people have seen these moon is over. If they want to continue sell­ NISHED BUT STILL SHINING material things sold on television. The pur­ ing goods in New York and other American pose of television commercials is to make cities, then they will have to build plants people want things enough to buy them. in those cities. We cannot continue losing They never suggest that the items are junk jobs to other countries, particularly coun­ HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL or that even having all of them at once is tries that we subsidize. A leader's first re­ OF NEW YORK no guarantee of happiness. Television com­ sponsib1lity is to his own people. Imagine mercials do not include cautions about mo­ how de Gaulle would have reacted if Wednes­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rality or justice. They are as single-minded day night's disaster had occurred in Paris. Monday, July 18, 1977 as hookers: First they get you to want the Jimmy Carter must consider the people of goods, and then they get you to buy. the South Bronx, Bushwick, Bed-Stuy and Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, this morn­ But in most cases, poor people cannot buy. Harlem before he considers the feelings of ing an article appeared in the New York Welfare provides bare necessities: food, shel­ foreign governments. It will do him no good Daily News written by Pete Hamill. The ter, clothing. There is no margin in a wel­ to have relations with Japan, if New York article attempts to give some reasoning fare budget for air conditioners, remote-con­ isn't there any more. behind the terrible events which ensued trol TV sets, dishwashers, or cars. But the Retrieve the Defense Department budget as a result of the blackout, which struck barrage of commercials are still being worked and chop big holes in it. Carter's decision on New York last Wednesday evening. I am on poor people who feel, think and desire. the B-1 was fine. But the defense budget Their hopes and desires are precisely the still eats up an inordinate amount of this not saying that there is any rationale to same as those of the middle class and they nation's taxes. We are not currently at war the devastating events which took place. are subject to the same commercial manipu­ with anyone. We have no wars down the road However, this article has some very in­ lation. There should have been no surprise that could possibly justify the disgusting teresting points in it, particularly the that people would pile into a store under amounts now being spent on armaments. We five suggestions to President Carter. cover of darkness to take those things they all know there can be no war with the Rus­ Through the past few years my city has had been instructed for so long to want. sians in the immediate future, because we suffered in many ways, mostly in its self­ This is not to excuse the terrible things would only destroy each other. A hunk of that happened last Wednesday night, but to that defense money could be used to create image. Like human beings, a city has its a social-industrial complex. Put missile de­ pride. New York must and will recover attempt to explain them. Hopefully, Jimmy Carter has begun to understand that all of signers to work designing subway systems. from the latest attack on her image. his concerns about weapons systems, all his Get all those generals to work building fac­ I ask my colleagues to always remem­ declarations on behalf of human rights, all tories, instead of planning new forms of de­ ber the many good qualities New York his pleas for national morality mean nothing struction. In sho.rt, use a hunk of that and its people have. I am inserting in the if he does not deal with the poor of this defense money on the needs of people, not CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the article writ­ country. Wednesday night cost New York the needs of a mmtary bureaucracy in the ment had invested $1 billion in the creation Pentagon. ten by Pete Hamill in hopes that my Go on television and make a speecJ:l that colleagues on both sides of the aisle will of factories, some of that looting might never have happened. reminds the rest of America that New York take the time to read it. At the very has g1 ven them many things for many years, least, I think they will find in it some in­ Through every report of the dark night, and that now the country will have to start the word "jobs" ran like a counterpoint to giving something back. teresting facts about the tragedy that the main story. In the ghettos, unemploy­ struck New York last Wednesday night. ment among young people stands officially at New York has given America money, un­ The article follows: 40 %, and unofficially at 65%. That is out­ countable billions of dollars in taxes, that rageous. No society can contain that many built highway systems all over the West, FIVE SOLID WAYS THAT JIMMY CARTER CAN created space centers in Texas and Florida, HELP OUR CITY idle people without risking self-destruction. Carter ·can look the other way, dismiss paid subsidies to farmers, financed wars and (By Pete Hamlll) Wednesday's outbreak as an aberration in a research for wars. But more than money, There is nothing left now but rubble and city that itself is an aberration. Or he can New York gave America literature and art. hope. More than property was ruined on the move swiftly and decisively. Obviously, New It provided music for millions. It staffed battlegrounds of Bushwick and Flatbush, Yorkers hope he will move. America's hospitals with doctors educated in our free City University. New York gave birth Jamaica, Bed-Stuy, Harlem and the Bronx. Among other things, Carter can : Some illusions were destroyed, too. One illu­ to the movies. It gave America its greatest sion was that you could forever have one Order the Army in from Fort Dix and other comedians. It trained America's finest actors. million human beings on welfare, and an­ Eastern bases and put them to work cleaning It nurtured America's greatest .playwrights. other 250,000 unemployed, and expect them up the rubble-strewn slums. If New York It allowed America's finest dancers to shine. to remain docile. Another was that you could was in China or France or Mexico, the black­ New York financed and built much of Amer­ treat such human beings with a policy of out disaster would be recognized as a real ica's railroad system. In the years when no­ benign neglect and never reap the whi,rl­ responsibility of the central government. body cared about such things, New Yorkers wind. America's huge standing Army is doing ab­ built America's first museums and libraries, solutely nothing these days, aside from and constructed a great public school sys­ And so the whirlwind arrived, and only marching around drill fields and shining the extraordinary discipline of the New York tem, and in doing so, this city benefitted all shoes. Let them leave their weapons home of America. Police Department prevented widespread kill­ and come to this city with shovels and bull­ ing. More than 300 cops were injured on the dozers and paint brushes and tools. Let them Carter could tell America about New York Night of the Great Darkness, but they made clean away the rubble and paint the build­ again: Remind the Americans that every more than 3,700 arrests, and did not have ings, let them go into the backyards and kid saved from polio in the past two decades to fill the graveyards to do it. If a similar clean out the rotting garbage. Put them to was saved by the discoveries of a New outbreak of looting and violence had taken work fixing boilers, broken plaster, smashed Yorker named Jonas Salk, who was educated place in a city like Los Angeles, where the windows. Since New York helps to pay the by New York tax dollars. Remind them that grim leJions of Police Chief Ed Davis would salaries of these soldiers, New York should New York took in wave after wave of the have gone out to do battle, they would still have the benefit of their labor in this emer­ poor of Europe, gave them places to live, gave be counting the corpses. In New York, life gency. them jobs, and gave their children the free­ still takes precedence over property. dom to leave, to go out into all the states of Ask Congress for immediate authorization It was also clear to anyone who moved the nation, with skills acquired in New York, to create 200,000 goods-producing jobs to be to help build a nation. around the city on Wednesday night that located in New York. Not make-work jobs, this was a riot against property, not against shoveling sidewalks or cutting grass. The And he should remind them that even people. White civilians moved freely among Army can do that work. But building fac­ now, New York is doing for America what blacks and Latinos without being attacked. tories that employ New Yorkers in the crea­ many American states will not do for them­ Black, white and Latino businessmen were tion of material goods that can be sold to selves. We are housing America's poor. Not equally victimized. And in some cases, whites other people. The government can do this in all of them. But fa.r more than our share. We joined the looting. If there was ever any partnership with private enterprise. Tax have tried to absorb the poor of the Amer­ doubt that it is class that divides us, not ican South, the poor of Puerto Rico: People color, Wednesday night should have provided breaks can be provided to make those goods displaced by automation or bigotry. New the proof. In almost all cases, the goals of competitive in the market place; what is lost York did not make them poor. They arrived the looters were the same : They were taking in business taxes would be gained many in New York poor, at the very moment when those material things that they could not times over in individual income taxes from our factories were moving to the Sun Belt, buy, and they destroyed what they could people who would leave welfare. People who the Far East or South America. not take. work pay taxes; people on welfare do not. If he told America those things, Carter For a decade-since the heady days of Tell the governments of Japan, Hong Kong, would then have to add that it is time for the War on Poverty that was declared, but Formosa and South Korea that the honey- America to do something for New York. This July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~3643 city is hurting. Its ghettos are burning. Its sideration tomorrow, I ask unanimous The abolition of !;lavery, the wars the United poor fill the jails. Its streets are packed with consent that the text of these three States fought-these were deeds of American idle people. This is a. city that is getting rid amendments be included in the RECORD self-confidence. of cops, firemen and teachers in a. time when at the conclusion of my remarks. Were America not to recognize its des­ they are needed more than ever. This is a tiny-what a fraud on history! America has It is my sincere hope that any of my been granted gn:atness to preserve the fore­ city that needs help. colleagues who have questions concern­ most blessing of its history and of man­ NO HANDOUT, JUST JUSTICE ing these proposals will feel free to con­ kind: liberty. But this city does not want a. handout. All tact me before their consideration: Mr. President, protect the world's symbol it wants is simple justice. For most of this AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7171, As REPORTED, of man's determination to preserve and pro­ century, we gave. Now we need. The country OFFERED BY MR. ENGLISH tect that freedom: that we helped make prosperous must re­ Berlin. spond, or be exposed to the world as a. na­ Page 7, line 23, strike out "$2.65" and in­ tion whose basic emotion is selfish indiffer­ sert in lieu thereof "$2.90". ence. An effective attack on our core prob­ AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7171, As REPORTED, INSTANT-VOTER BILL lems will not be simple, and Carter and the OFFERED BY MR. ENGLISH Congress cannot take halfway measures. It Page 7, line 18, insert after "(11)" the fol­ was the halfway measures of the War on lowing: "with respect to the 1977 crop, the HON. DEL CLAWSON Poverty-helping a few people, widening the acreage on the farm from which wheat is OF CALIFORNIA gap with others-that has led us to the peril­ actually harvested and, with respect to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous edge. 1978 through 1981 crops,". "The fellowship of suffering," said poet. AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7171, As REPORTED, Monday, July 18, 1977 w. H. Auden, "lasts only so long as none of OFFERED BY MR. ENGLISH the sufferers can escape. Open a. door Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the through which many but probably not all Page 7, strike out lines 10 through 16 and Washington Post of January 18 contains can escape one at a. time, and the neighbor­ insert in lieu thereof the following: "multi­ some perceptive commentary on the ly community may disintegrate ..." plying (i) the amount by which the na­ "Instant Voter" legislation which re­ We can't do it a. little a. a. time. We can't tional weighted average market price re­ grettably has the support of the admin­ be conned by the gradualists. We have to ceived by farmers during the first five months of the marketing year for such crop, istration. A moving target is always more do it all at once. Create 200,000 jobs in New difficult to hit, of course, and yet many is York and you eliminate welfare entirely, be­ as determined by the Secretary,". cause each job will take three or four people the hunter who has seen the prey after off the dole. Those people can clear the land, protracted zigging and zagging merely build the factories, and then work in fac­ drop in its tracks. We can only hope that tories they have built. They will thus become ARE YOU A BERLINER, the remaining serious objections to this people who pay taxes. They will make things MR. PRESIDENT? legislation, notably financial since it will that bring in money. And they will then be­ be a costly and unnecessary exercise, will come people who buy things, instead of tak­ assure that it will meet a similar, justly ing them. The neopessimists will tell you it HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON deserved demise. The article from the cannot be done. I don't believe it. I think OF NEW YORK Washington Post is included for the in­ it can b~ done, if the will is there, and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time to start is now. formation of my colleagues in the House: Monday, July 18, 1977 THAT INSTANT-VOTER BILL At first glance, it may seem that the Carter Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, some administration and the House Democratic PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE . time ago a very moving message ap­ leadership have vastly improved their Elec­ WHEAT SECTION OF THE 1977 peared in the Wall Street Journal com­ tion Day registration blll by agreeing to make pliments of the West German newspaper, the program voluntary. After all, the most FARM BILL Die Welt. Die Welt had asked its readers persuasive and least partisan objection to the to submit essays on timely topics relat­ blll has been that it would compel every HON. GLENN ENGLISH ing to America's Bicentennial celebra­ state to adopt by 1980, at least for federal tions. One of the winners, Patricia elections, a. new instant-registration system OF OKLAHOMA that could easily lead to widespread fraud IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Aden, a 26-year-old doctor, wrote an and confusion at the polls. If the program essay which brings back memories of Monday, July 18, 1977 is now to be optional forever, that criticism the day John F. Kennedy made his elec­ has been swept away. States with histories Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, I will be trifying "I am a Berliner" declaration at of Election Day problems, such as Rhode offering three amendments tomorrow West Berlin's City Hall on June 26, 1963. Island, Louistana, Maryland and Illinois, will to the Agricultural Act of 1977 timmished col­ became linked with the name of your coun­ would go only to willing states. On the con­ leagues may have the time to examine try. America's self respect has nourished it­ trary, the states most cordial to Election Day these three proposals before their con- self on this hope of the oppressed since 1776. registration are likely to be those with the 23644 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 fewest voting problems-and the least real PRIVATE LIVES ON THE RECORD ganization has, and how those records are need for federal aid. One could argue, in fact, being used. He should have some control over that if the aim is to shore up state and local the release of medical records and financial election boards, the greatest help should go HON. EDWARD I. KOCH files. Organizations should have to explai•l to those that don't dare risk instant regis­ OF NEW YORK the basis for adverse decisions, such as a tration at all. But bolstering election admin­ denial of credit, and allow people to cha~­ istration seems to be a secondary interest for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lenge records that are inaccurate, incom­ the Democrats. Their first hope is to get more Monday, July 18, 1977 plete or out of date. Those basic principles people to the polls. They ought to try to do have been applied to federal record-keeping, that in the customary ways, through good Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I would like however imperfectly, by the Privacy Act grass-roots organizations, attractive candi­ to bring to the attention of our col­ of 1974. They should certainly be extended dates and issues, and strong campaigns. leagues an editorial from this morning's to state and local governments and private Washington Post. The editorial entitled institutions as well. "Private Lives on the Record," addresses One tough question is how change in the private sectors should be achieved. Many itself to the problems investigated by businesses, notably in insurance, credit and FREEDOM FOR A COMPANY TOWN the Privacy Protection Study Commis­ finance, fear-with good reason-that fed­ sion involving personal privacy in mod­ eral regulation of record-keeping could bring ern America. The recon1mendations as on demands for new heaps of costly records HON. DON EDWARDS the Post suggests seek to insure "fairness and reports. Moreover, citizens will gain lit­ tle if government intervention leads, even in­ OF CALIFORNIA for individuals in relationships that are no longer as private or personal as they advertently, to greater official surveillance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES used to be." of citizens' affairs. Monday, July 18, 1977 The commission is well aware of these With the intention of applying safe­ problems. Instead of recommending an all­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. guards. to the information practices of embracing, immensely detailed regulatory Speaker, the first hearing on the bill to State, local, and organizations in the scheme, it has proposed approaches tailored provide voting representation in Con­ private sector, my colleague, Congress­ to specific fields. Fairer credit practices, for gress for Washington, D.C. will be held man BARRY GOLDWATER, JR., and I intro­ instance, should be obtained largely by by the House Judiciary Committee's duced the following bills on July 12, expanding existing laws. New policies on 1977: medical records, an acutely delicate and con­ Subcommittee on Civil and Constitu­ troversial subject, should be pursued partly tional Rights on July 25, 1977. It is hoped H.R. 8286, Public Assistance and Social by federal initiatives and partly by the that the constitutional amendment will Service; H.R. 8284, Social Security Number; states. Finally, the panel concluded that be brought to the floor shortly after the H.R. 8282, Consumer Credit; H.R. 8285, Com­ confidentiality and accuracy have to be as­ mercial Credit; H.R. 8280, Government Ac­ sured in the burgeoning field of electronic August recess. cess; H.R. 8281, Banking and depository The following editorial in the Los An­ funds transfers-but the financial informa­ institutions; H.R. 8280, Insurance; H.R. tion involved is so sensitive that government geles Times expressed well the logic of 8287, Internal Revenue Records; H.R. 8283, the proposed legislation: ownership or management of these networks Medical Records. should be prohibited. [From the Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1977] It is our hope that these bills will lead As the whole report assumes, there is no FREEDOM FOR A COMPANY TOWN to the implementation of many of the quick, easy or technological fix for the dilem­ While President Carter concerns himself Commission's recommendations which mas of an "information society." A better with human rights abroad, a serious abridge­ balance between organizational efficiency the Post commends as being thoughtful and individual rights and liberties can be ment of civil and political rights can be and thorough. I applaud the Post's un­ found on his own doorstep. reached only by many painstaking adjust­ More than 700,000 District of Columbia derstanding and perceptiveness of the ments in the ways that public and private residents-a number exceeding the popula­ problems that the Commission deals business is done. The panel has set forth tion of 10 states-still are denied the right with. I agree with the Post that- some good ideas. What is needed now is a to govern themselves and to elect voting rep­ What is needed now is a serious response serious response from Congress, the states, resentatives to Congress. from Congress, the states and thousands of and the thousands of private organizations Their disfranchisement mocks this coun­ private organizations that collect, use and that collect, use and exchange records on try's claim to universal suffrage, and violates exchange rec.ords on individuals. individuals. the United Nations' It want to be understood as suggesting some altogether. They were born out of fear of cifically United Nations. is signi­ nefarious, secret conspiracy to transform monopoly, not a distrust of business enter­ ficant that even to other Communist the American social and economic system. prise per , se. They have no ideological countries, the Khmer Rouge regime is a There is no such conspiracy-in large meas­ animus against business-though they tend disgrace. It is long past the time that ure because there is no need for one. When to stifle competition, for fear of its leading this Nation can continue to ignore the we create a vast regulatory apparatus, with eventually to monopoly. terrible tragedy that has been infiicted July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23649 once again upon an innocent people, and own place over near Third Avenu~. And when ticular kind of sense, all of our university it is time the problems of these belea­ it went dark, I just knew my store was dead." training and educational-development fel­ guered people of cambodia come to the The stories, these and others, will accumu­ lowships are going for naught. forefront, in the White House and in the late rapidly. They will be told throughout the We are living in a country without a na­ summer, by people with new bicycles and tional personality, without a real sense of United Nations. sport shirts they didn't buy, and color tele­ what the term "American" is supposed to vision sets they wm try to sell when things mean, or whom. are cooler. And by people who tried to operate To the kids who picked a blackowned small businesse'S on the shoestring of cheap men's boutique clean of every stitch of A SENSITIVE AND DESPAIRING iron gates across their windows and nonex­ clothes in the place on Wednesday night, LOOK AT LIFE IN URBAN AMERICA istent insurance policies on their goods and there is probably no meaning whatever to BY CLAYTON RILEY leased properties the notion of a black brotherhood pitted But the bikes wlll be stolen again: Thieves against the white establishment. There are will be victimiz~d by other thieves. And sport simply three-piece suits to be copped, along HON. TED WEISS shirts that looked magnificent in the display with big hats and ascot scarves-the attire OF NEW YORK windows will shrink and tear and be thrown of gentlemen who live in the comfort of dis­ away. People who had finally come around to tant suburbs. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES believing in the American Dream of capitalist And to the New York police, whose re­ Monday, July 18, 1977 free enterprise will have to bury their mur­ straint in these tense circumstances was dered little shopF and go back to dancing to remarkable, there is probably no longer any Mr. WEISS. Mr. Speaker, the looting someone else's music from 9 to 5. reason to l:;>elieve that a black kid's life is to that resulted from last week's blackout To walk the sidewalks in Harlem is to be traded for a pilfered sack of flour. Some­ in New York City was a painful reminder feel-beyond seeing or hearing it-the grip where in those emergent and shifting atti­ of how desperate the lives of ghetto resi­ of desperation that has too many strong, tudes, there is a mutual groping to under­ dents have become. For most of the healthy people sitting around for months at stand something about who any of us really young people in our Nation's ghettos, as a time, waiting ior jobs that w111 never mate­ are in the melting pot that has never melted rialize, looking for chances America now ad­ anything: Clayton Riley's excellent article in the mits it cannot provide. It is time we began to define ourselves, New York Times of July 17 makes clear, What then is going to happen? Where will black and white, a.s the same people: Amer­ there is no tomorrow- the massive energy that Con Edison doesn't icans. So that there doesn't remain the There is, in short, very little to look for in control, the human force that seeks a chan­ slightest emotional reason for allowing life, except the swift, dangerous opportuni­ nel, go in search of space? Ha.rlems to exist as living cemeteries because ties that flash across town when America is We are reminded-if not instructed-by "they" occupy the territory. temporarily blinded by a technical darkness. the acts of violence, the fires and confronta­ · Pretending that this is a "white" country, tions between the law and outlaws in the with ties extended to the political destines The looting itself, is, of course, deplor­ city the other night, reminded that America of those who currently rule South Africa able, a sad commentary on how people is fa111ng. We are building sports complexes and Rhodesia (how similar to our own are hurt rather than helped a city in crisis. and increasing our manufacture of luxury the street battles in those two places), is to But what is more deplorable, as Riley so automobiles while faUing to provide sub­ accept the dead host of colonialism as a spir­ movingly points out, is that we have as stance to the dreams we have told everyone to itual mentor. a nation done little to change the condi­ believe, the dre&.ms of nothing more than Because there wlll be no more Native tions that lead to looting. We have shelter, clothes, food, and some occasional Quarters in the true New World. There can fun. be no tomorrow if it brings forth in this learned little from the riots that ravaged This is what has been promised, by Presi­ country an identity for Harlem's kids that our ghettos in the sixties. More regret­ dents and other politicians, by planners and is totally separated from the identity of tably, it may be, as Riley says, that "to­ thinkers and visionaries. But inside the those who grow up in Scarsdale. morrow is already far too late." cities, the systems don't work. And so, in Har­ Right now, in "Black America" the loss When the lights went out in New York lem, when the street lamps die, no one takes of light is largely The Man's problem, a mal­ City, the only thing that was still visible time to be surrrised. There are stores to rob, function to capitalize on with raids instead was a very bleak side of America. It is or cash registers to protect with licensed guns of the effort to bring a system back to life against the fists of 16-year-olds looking for as quickly as possible. Meanwhile, all that incumbent on us to make sure there is a blossoms uptown is decay, buildings with better view ahead. new shoes. And when th~ running and the stealing windows gouged out, and streets with week­ The article by Mr. Riley follows: begin, when the police guns are out and men old garbage. [From the New York Times, July 17, 1977] are slashing each other with bread knives Tomorrow is already far too late. Harlem "TIME Is No LONGER RUNNING OUT; IT'S while brawling over floor lamps in a wrecked has exploded for the last time, the next GONE" furniture showcase, we accept in America sound from here wm be a whisper and a gasp. Maybe if America knew how many Ameri­ (By Clayton Riley) that the most important thing to do is to report the news quickly: somber-faced on cans wm die in this war-not how many "When the lights went out," a teenaged television, stern and avuncular in our edi­ blacks, how many ex-cons, unemployed, Harlem youngster is saying outside a Lenox torial columns. urban poor, underprivileged ghetto-dwelUng Avenue food shop, "I did my natural thing. I But the larger point is that while we know and socially deprived underdogs, but how hit the streets, looking to get over." how to describe and we know how to observe, many Americans are perishing-then we Getting over is an uptown process, an ad how to argue and how to draw conclusions, might move collectively to at least forestall hoc, improvisational system for coping with the approaching devastation. the catastrophe that is current in the lives we don't know. three-quarters of the way of so many young people who live in what through the 20th century, still don't know we now call, with self-deluding indirection, what to do. The Inner City. And time is no longer running out; it's The power failure that swept across New gone. We stood around and watched the ROBERT M. STANLEY-AVIATION York wasn't 30 seconds old, according to one warning fires of the late 1960's, learned noth­ PIONEER upper Broadway resident, "when they ing, and are now applying our burgeoning ig­ swarmed all over the place, running like norance to the present and the future. I say rabbits, and stealing from the stores like "we" to mean all of us, black and white, male HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER there was no tomorrow.'' and female, whc think that watching and OF COLORADO wishing wm ever be enough to certify and Which may, after all, be the point. For IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kids in Harlem and other I.C.'s around the maintain life in this country. metropolitan area and beyond, there simply People steal, or loot, or riot, because they Monday, July 18, 1977 do not have the money to buy what they aren't any more tomorrows. There are no Mrs. SCHOEDER. Mr. Speaker, plans to make, few events or holidays to an­ want. The welfare agencies may buy what ticipate. There is, in short, very little to people need, but in a nation of such con­ America has lost one of its aviation look for in life, except the swift, dangerous spicuous consumption a.s this one, such pioneers that helped make this country opportunities that flash across town when measures are just not adequate. the world leader in aviation with the un­ America is temporarily blinded by a tech­ Te111ng poor people who live within whis­ timely death of Robert M. Stanley. nical darkness. All of us have become com­ tling distance of the richest people in this Robert Stanley, 65, had a distinguished pletely vulnerable to the rages of those country to accept the principle that because ca.reer as a test pilot, engineer, and hungry enough to risk police guns or arrest they have dark skin there are other things aviation recordholder. procedures while breaking and entering any they cannot have, is to structure an equa­ place containing items of immediate value. tion that cannot pass for common sense in He was a personal friend of Amelia "I lost it all," a young Hispanic jeweler the modern world; Earhart and was aboard the U.S.S. Lex­ tells me. "I worked and saved and opened my And so long as we refuse to use that par- ington, an aircraft carrier in the Pacific CXXIII--1489-Part 19 23650 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 when she disappeared in 1937. He partic­ While the American public could hardly be Richardson, the patient Griselda of this ipated in the search for Miss Earhart. less concerned, even a brief dip into this drama, believes some progress: has been ocean of exchanges lets one realize how much made at the current session. He hopes that Stanley was the holder of the Ameri­ turns on the outcome. agreement wlll be reached shortly on the r.an altitude and distance record for The head of the American delegation is composite text of a treaty that the several motorless aircraft and was the first Elllot Richardson, a patient man with a delegations wm then take home to be American pilot to fty a jet airplane .finely honed legal mind. He needs all the combed over by their respective governments . across the country north to south. patience he can muster as he tries to steer Richardson has had the active cooperation He was the inventor of the modem­ a course between two extremes in this un­ of Norway's Minister of the Law of the Sea, day mach airspeed meter and was chief wieldy body of 110 delegations. Jens Evension, whose concern is understand­ On one side are the American and Western able since failure could cost his country $800 engineer of the company that designed European firms, many in consortiums, that mlllion. and built the first supersonic airplanes, want to exploit the seabed to mine manga­ Then next spring stm another round of the the X-1 and the X-2. nese, nickel and other minerals increasingly conference wlll begin. But there is no guar­ He was a naval aviator from 1937 to in short supply on land. On the other side are antee of agreement on a compromise text and 1939 and was a test pilot, engineer, and the developing nations, at least those who stm another attempt must be made to pull executive for Douglas Aircraft Co., don't produce these minerals. They are together the unravelled threads. United Airlines, and Bell Aircraft Corps., lumped here as the Group of 77, demanding a before founding Stanley Aviation in share in any exploitation and in the tech­ Buffalo, N.Y., in 1948. He moved the firm nology making it possible. They favor a U.N. seabed authority with U.S. RETIREMENTS TRENDS to Denver in 1954. power · over access to sites for exploitation. Among the accomplishments of Stan­ Far-out delegations such as those of Algeria, ley Aviation was the development of the Kuwait, Mozambique, Libya and India would HON. J. J. PICKLE Yankee escape system which has been give ultimate and unrestricted power not to used in Air Force and NaVY planes for a the U.N. Security Councn with its veto right 01' TEXAS number of years; for the United States and other great powers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Yankee system uses a rocket to but to the General Assembly where the rule Monday, July 18, 1977 of one nation, one vote prevails. propel a pilot and his seat from a crash­ In Washington the Congress is threatening Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, one of the ing aircraft. to pass a blll that would require private vital issues that this Congress must con­ His loss will be felt very heavily by the American companies merely to get a license " cern itself with is the question of retire­ Denver community and I salute him for from the government for exploitation of the ment. Should we force people to retire at all the contributions he made to his seabed. It would also provide compensation an arbitrary age which may have been country's aviation successes. for losses sustained from political causes in the operation. Four consortiums involving considered "old'' 20 or 30 years ago but American firms have so far spent $1.5 blllion has been made relatively obsolete for improving the essential technology. through medical advances and other HIGH STAKES IN LAW OF THE SEA It such a measure is passed, the Confer­ technological improvements. ence on the Law of the Sea wlll go down the It is my firm opinion, and I think that drain. So what? This could be the reaction there is strong evidence to support this of a public little informed about and in­ belief, that ''senior" citizens are among HON. DONALD M. FRASER different to this marathon conference. 01' MINNESOTA But it should be understood that the con­ the most productive and reliable workers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sequences can be extremely serious and par­ this Nation has. Our esteemed colleague ticularly for nations such as Norway, Japan Hon. CLAUDE PEPPER has impressed US Monday, July 18, 1977 and Britain, dependent on trade and ship­ greatly by his work in this field. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the U.N. ping for their existence. In the July 10, 1977, edition, the New Law of the Sea Conference involves a A 200-mlle off-shore limit 1s being im­ York Times carried an interesting article complicated set of interrelated issues. posed by virtually every country, including on the trend toward earlier retirement. the United States. Ostensibly this is only to One important relationship is that be­ protect fishing rights and prevent the depre­ I think that this is a good contribution tween congressional mining legislation dation of the big fishing factories like those on this topic and insert it for the edifica­ and the negotiations on the Internation­ of the Soviet Union that, untll the United tion of the House: al Seabed Authority. Mr. Marquis Childs States passed its own 200-mlle law, made EARLY RETIREMENT IS GROWING IN in his "High Stakes in the Law of the heavy inroads into the marine resources ofr UNITED ST.,TES Sea," Washington Post, July 5 outlines the New England coast. (By Jerry Flint) the serious consequences of the United The Third World nations could, however, declare the 200-mlle limit a territorial exten­ .. I was working since I was 10 years old,'' States adoption of deep seabed mining sion of their shores rather than a protection says Jimmy Kilpatrick, who touches up pain.t legislation now pending. He correctly of fishing rights. They could then prohibit on new Cad1llac cars in Detroit. "I thought of points out that the result of such legisla­ passage through these waters except on their all the years I've been working, and I want a tion would be chaos. Third World nations own terms, which might well be excessive. rest." are likely to declare a 200-mile territorial Moreover, they could deny the right of over­ At 51, Mr. Kilpatrick is going to t~ke a rest. flight to all foreign planes whether civlllan On Aug. 31 the husky auto worker wm retire sea and prohibit passage through their with a monthly pension of $634. That won't waters as well as overflight to all foreign or military. The result would be chaos. It would not match the $300 a week he earns on the assem­ planes. The resulting confrontation be­ be the maritime nations alone that would bly line at Cadillac, but the mortgage pay­ tween the United States and the Third suffer. Take one example of how it would ments on the house he bought 15 years ago on World would increase the potential for affect this country. Tankers from the Persian Detroit's northwest side are only $127 a sabotage and terrorism. We must under­ Gulf, with a large proportion of the oil the month, his two sons are grown and support­ stand these long-term consequences as United States 1s now importing, would have ing themselves, and his wife, Vera, might even mining companies press their short-term to pass through 17 territorial zones. The go to work. . advantage in Congress. The real issue charges levied by 17 nations could greatly It money gets a little short, he says, "I'm increase the cost of imported oil. not bragging, but I'm pretty good with is whether we want world chaos or world Yes, but couldn't the U.S. Navy escort paints." order governed by a multilateral treaty U.S. ships through these zones and damn the Mr. Kllpatrick is part of what may be a sig­ on the Law of the Sea. As a congressional consequences? That sounds too much like nificant trend in the work style of Ameri­ adviser to the U.S. delegation to the the gunboat diplomacy of the past. It would cans-euly retirement. Growing numbers of U.N. Law of the Sea Conference I believe be a classic confrontation with the Third workers are being offered a chance to quit the such a treaty is not only in the best in­ World. And it would probably not work, given job early, and many are taking it. terests of the United States, but the in­ the potential for reprisal by sabotage and POTENTIAL IMPACT ternational community. I insert Mr. terrorism. The trend cannot be measured precisely. Nor could the United States, on a go-it­ Stastics are scarce. Actuaries, economists and Child's article in the REcoRD: alone course, count on the backing of other HIGH STAKES IN LAW 01' THE SEA union researchers disagree on the numbers developed nations. One sea-law authority, and even definitions are debatable. If a pen­ (By Marquis Chllds) Jonathan I. Charney, points out that self­ sioneer is working parttime or has begun a UNITED NATIONS.-The Conference on the interest and the fear of international con­ second, low-keyed career, has he really re­ Law of the Sea has been going on intermit­ demnation would lead the developed world tired? What's early? 62? 55? 49? tently in one place or another for more than to stand aside !rom American unilateral But there are enough statistics to indicate four years and the end is nowhere in sight. action. that something important is happening, and July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23651 there is no question about the potential im­ diets a sharp slowdown in the trend toward employees who voluntarily retired at G.M., pact. Earlier retirement can mean more job early retirement. For example, for males in 32 were between 47 and 50 years of age, and opportunities for the young; it can put more the 50-to-54 age bracket, labor force partici­ 130 were 51 to 55. strain on the already troubled Social Security pation was 93.1 percent in 1970 and 89.9 per­ The United Auto Workers reports that 30 fund; it can create a new kind of worker­ cent last year, an impressive drop. But it percent of those eligible are retiring under experienced, easygoing and wllling to work will stlll be at 88.7 percent in the year 2000, the auto industry's "30 and out" option. for less. But the biggest change could be in according to Social Security projections. In What does encourage early retirement, attitudes and styles. the 55-to-59 age group, labor force partici­ students in the field say, is the amount of "They used to be senior citizens," said pation for men was 89.5 percent in 1970 and pension money available. David Weeks, a research director at the Con­ 83.6 percent last year but wlll fall only to Pension experts such as Mr. Weeks of the ference Board in New York, a major business 82.1 percent by 2000, according to these pro­ Conference Board and Charles Sellnske, vice organization. "The old view was one of de­ jections. president of the Bankers Trust Company, pendence. They were the chronically m, the But not everybody accepts the projections. say that there is a tendency toward a de­ nonfiiers.•• "Social Security is very concerned about the creasing pension penalty for those taking But, he added, the departure of masses of cost of early retirement, but they are shovel­ early retirement, full pensions at an earlier people in their 50's from the work force ing against the tide," s·aid Mr. Zalusky of age and special pension supplements to those could have profound political and social the A.F.L.-C.I.O. quitting early, such as the auto industry implications: "These younger. retirees are "There is a definite trend toward early plan. interested in education, in traveling, in retirement," he insisted. "It is part of a spending more and more of their money on movement toward a decreasing work ca­ themselves," he said. "For five or 10 years reer, starting work later, added holidays, REVOLUTION ON THE FARM: they may come closer to living the Playboy longer vacations, early retirement." PART IV like style than the 30-to-38-year-olds." J. Roger O'Meara, former pension expert at "There's a good•deal of truth in that," said the Conference Board, said, "Companies told John Zalusky, an economist for the Ameri­ me in general that in a decade or two hence HON. BILL ALEXANDER can Federation of Labor-Congress of Indus­ they expect young people wlll come into the trial Organizations in Washington. "They company with the understanding they'll re­ OF ARKANSAS are going for the good life at that age." tire at 55." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LIMITS ENVISIONED HAPPY RETIREMENT Monday, July 18, 1977 At General Motors Corporation, Victor M. But the process can go only so far, in the opinion of James Savarese, director of pub­ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, I Zink, director of employees benefits has been lic policy analysis at the American Federa­ would like to share with my colleagues noticing the change. tion of State, County and Municipal Em­ the fourth in a series of articles that "There used to be a stigma to going out," ployees. In the next century, he says, "You'll Mr. Zink said, "He was over the hlll. But appeared in the Arkansas Gazette that need 60 workers to support 40 retirees. That deal with emerging trends in Arkansas now it's a looked-for-status. Those retire­ means a payroll tax rate of almGst 25 per­ ment parties, they used to be sad affairs. cent, and American workers won't stand for agriculture. I commend this article to my They are darn happy affa.lrs now. The peer it." colleagues : pressure 1s for early retirement." "The most significant social trend causing (From the Arkansas Gazette, May 18, 1977] In 1954 the average G.M. hourly-paid higher than necessary Social Security costs REVOL"UTION ON THE FARM-IV: TEcHNOLOGY, worker retired at 67 and the salaried worker in the next century is the trend toward ear­ at 63; today they both retire at 58 or 59, DELTA ToWN Co-EXIST lier retirement," agrees Robert Hall, the (By Tom Hamburger) he said. former Social Security Administrator. A handful of statistics give some indica­ In New York City, early retirement provi­ Wn.soN.-There is an English Tudor vil­ tion of the size of the movement. Among sions for teachers have been reduced. For lage in the middle of the Arkansas Delta. part-time workers, for example, women out­ those hired before 1973, it wa.s halt pay after The town of Wilson comes upon you with number men 7 to 1 in the 25-to-54 age 20 years of service at age 55. For those hired little warning. Before you get there on High­ bracket, but only 3 to 2 in the over-55 group. from 1973 to 1976, it was more than half way 61, you're shooting across the Delta Pa86- "We think that's the effect of early retire­ pay for 30 years at age 55. In both cases, ing through rather forlorn farm communf, ment," said Robert Bednarzik, an analyst at payments are not to be reduced when Social ties. The impression changes suddenly when the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Security begins. For teachers hired now, the you hit Wilson. Mr. Bednarzik also notes that the propor­ pl·an calls for a reduction of half the Social The streets of Wilson are lined with stately tion of men in the labor force-that is, work­ Security benefit pension for those who retire cottonwoods, and the houses, unlike those in ing or seeking work-was 95.5 percent of before 62. some Arkansas farm communities, are well­ those 45 to 54 years old in 1947; in 1976 it was But such reductions are not common, and kept. 91.6 percent. In the 55-to-64 age bracket it the trend appears to run in the other direc­ While many small farm communities loo~ was 89.6 percent in 1947 and 74.5 percent in tion. The United Electrical Worker Union, deserted, with stores boarded up and town 1976. for example, say.s it set a new mark in a con­ centers extinguished, Wilson (population, DISABILITY STANDARDS tract with a Dayton, Ohio foundry. The pact 1,048) is thriving. "Every year there's a decrease in the labor includes a "30 and out" full pension with Its town center has been remodeled tn force statistics," he said. "First it was among $250 extra until Social Security payments English Tudor style. Moss ls growing on the the 65-year-olds and over. Now you see it in begin, or $730 a month after 30 years. old-style roofs now, and the wood has aged. the 55's, and we're beginning to see some Infiation can slow the trend, says Jerome Wilson looks like an English vlllage. decline even at 45 and over. You wonder what M. Rostow, president of the Work in America At noon time, the town square 1s busy as Institute and a former Undersecretary of town folk and farmers head to the Wilson the 49-year-old 1s doing." Tavern (the menu features quail, steak and A good number of the very early drop­ Labor, because private pensions usually do outs may be tied to disablllty retirement. "It not keep up. shrimp dally) and its adjacent club, Ye Olde In addition, he says fewer than halt the Pub. looks like the health of the American male is Around the square, all the businesses at deteriorating," Mr. Bednarzlk said, "but worker.s covered by such pension plans "will ever draw a penny," because they change Wilson have Wilson in their name: Wilson probably it's the easing of disablllty stand­ Tavern, Wilson Insurance Agency, Wilson ards." jobs. WORKING CONDITIONS Motor and Implement Company, Bank of The easy availab111ty of early retiremeht Wilson, Wilson Drug Store, Wilson Construc­ under disablllty has been criticized recently Auto workers and steelworkers who have tion Company, Wilson Service Station. with revelations, for example, that one Fed­ won generous "30 and out" retirement plans It isn't that the businessmen at Wllson eral pensioner who had been classified as "are an elite group," according to Mr. Rostow, lack imt?..gination or desire consistency. All totally disabled ran a jiujitsu school and and their gains may not be picked up by the Wilson businesses are named for their another earned $76,793 in a single year in employees in other industries. owners, the Robert E. Lee Wilson famlly. addition to his Federal pension. Some believe the kind of work 1s the key Of 79,500 Flederal employees who retired to whether workers retire early. "Auto work­ BARONIAL TRADITION last year, 31,500 were out on disablllties and ers, steelworkers in foundries, women toting The third, fourth and fifth generations of their average age was in the middle 50's, ac­ trays in restaurants want to retire as early as Robert E. Lee Wilsons are llving at Wilson cording to Edwin Hustead, chief actuary for they can," says Bert Seidman, director of the and are carrying on a baronial tradition. The the Civil Service Commission. Those under A.F.L-C.I.O.'s Social Security department. town was founded in the 1880s by "Boss Lee" Federal Civil Service who do not claim dis­ "But there are jobs with more satisfaction." Wilson (Robert E. Lee Wilson Sr.), a lumber­ ablllty may retire with an unreduced pension Mr. Zink of G.M. disagrees: "Nothing we man, who wrested what Jater became the· at age 55 after 30 years of work and get a can ascertain indicates the nature of the world's largest cotton plantation from the pension equal to about 56 percent of their work has anything to do with it," he says. At swamp and virgin forest. best years' salaries. Government retirees also G.M., salaried workers in air-conditioned, Today, Robert E. Lee Wilson III, 63, and jet a cost-of-living adjustment twice a year. carpeted offices are quitting as early as those three of his four sons, Robert, 24 (called The Social Security Administration pre- on the assembly line. Last year, of 216 salaried Bob), Steve, 29, and Mike, 34, operate the 236~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 Wilson holdings (1976 sales: $12 million), The school at Wilson was one of the first because his eldest brother, Robert E. Lee Wil­ which, besides the companies mentioned in the state to have an indoor swimming son IV, died of leukemia at age 7. above, include a 33,000-acre farm (the larg­ pool and all-weather track. Inside the main est family farm in Arkansas) , two Mississippi door of the modern, air conditioned Wilson Judging by the English Tudor architecture County towns (Wilson and Marie) and a good Elementary School is a large portrait of Rob­ and the old south manners, this Mississippi portion of a third (Keiser), two planting seed ert E. Lee (Boss Lee) Wilson Sr. County city might appear to be a vestige of plants, most of the stock of a seed oil mm, Boss Lee traded his 160 acres of cleared two lost cultures. a railroad, a petroleum company and a farm land in the 1880s for 2,100 acres of The appearances are deceiving. The Wilson 13,000-acre ranch in Nevada. swamp timber land to get wood for the mill company has kept close watch on changing In the late 1950s, Robert E. Lee Wilson at Golden Lake. As he made money on the agricultural conditions and has been in the III, the chairman of the Board of the· Lee timber, he bought more swampland, cleared forefront of major developments in agricul­ Wilson Co., changed what was a company­ it of timber and reinvested. ture during the revolution of the last three owned town into a.n incorporated city with Unlike most timber interests in the area, decades. an elected mayor and five aldermen. Boss Lee held on to the cleared land. Robert E. Lee Wilson III was elected mayor, RICH, BLACK LOAM and he has been re-elected ever since. His middle son, Steve, is assistant mayor. The It was a good decision. For thousands of HERBITS ANALYSIS OF THE KING director of the railroad, Mack Davison, is years the fiooding Mississippi had laid down REPORT-PART V director of the Wilson Housing Authority. layer upon layer of rich black loam carried At the time the city was incorporated, from its. northern drainage basin. The land Wilson gave the city its four parks, a. fish­ that Wilson cleared is among the richest in HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER stocked lake and eight-hole golf course. Arkansas. Hudson Wren, former executive OF WISCONSIN vice president of Lee Wilson Co., says that no Believing that ownership provided "a sense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of pride," the Wilsons have begun sell1ng the one knows how deep the rich loam son is. company-owned houses to the residents, Some authorities say it may be hundreds of Monday, July 18, 1977 most of whom are former employees, at give­ feet deep. A lot of farmers elsewhere make do away prices. (A large, handsome 3,300-square with less than one foot. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, in this foot home near the town center sold two In the late 1890s, to drain the swamps, Boss :fifth of seven extensions containing the years ago for $10,000.) Lee organized the first drainage district in analysis prepared by former Special As­ Missis»ippi County. In doing so, he incurred sistant to ·the Secretary of Defense, LIBRARY CLINIC the wrath of other lumbermen who wanted Stephen E. Herbits of the report done by The family also established a library and the fiooding to fioat logs to the river. Dr. William King, "Achieving America's put up $65,000 in 1969 for a dental-medical The plantation grew to 65,000 acres, plus clinic. In the last five years, the town has cotton gins, stores, a bank and all the houses Goals: National Service or the All-Vol­ been without a doctor or dentist, a victim of and other real estate at Wilson and five unteer Armed Force?", I am inserting a doctor shortage in eastern Arkansas. Mike nearby communities. These properties were Herbits' response to chapters 6 and 7 of Wilson continues to interview candidates to gathered in Lee Wilson Co. When Boss Lee the report and his summary. fill the vacancy "but they want us to guar­ died, he left the estate to his son, Robert E. Herbits concludes that "Dr. King's re­ antee too much money," he said. Lee Jr. (called Roy) , and a trusted employe, port is one of the most academically The Wilsons are concerned with other so­ James H. Crain. weak and biased studies to bear the cial needs as well. The Wilsons made it their During the next 15 years, the two made the stamp of a congressional report." King goal in the early 1960s to provide housing for first moves toward mechanized farming, and the town's poor, some of whom are former ventures into new business. In the mid-1930s did his work for the Senate Armed Serv­ company employees. when timber supplies diminished, they ices Committee's Subcommittee on Man­ "This has become kind of a retirement turned over big chunks of acreage to wy­ power and Personnel. center," Mike Wilson said, "because we have beans and established the Wilson Soya Com­ According to Herbits, King "is very such active housing and social service pro­ pany to process the beans into oil and meal. often factually incorrect, he is deliber­ grams." To make fuller use of their cotton crop they ately misleading, he is selective in the Iri 1940, there were at least two fam111es helped put together Delta. Products Com­ living in red-roofed Wilson Co. plank houses material he cites, and he has no com­ pany, a. co-operative cottonseed oil mm near punction about making arguments ex­ on every 40 acres of land at the Wilson plan­ Wilson. tation. There are few plank houses left. Now, actly counter to one another in an effort three people work every 1,000 acres. to justify invalid points." After the split-up Lee Wilson Company SHACKS DISAPPEARING was left with 22,500 acres and the neighbor­ All who have read the four parts of The red-roofed houses, once landmarks in ing towns of Keiser and Marie. Roy's sisters the Herbits analysis and who read the the 50 square miles of Mississippi County got the remaining acreage. A few years later, one today will know why he reached that owned by the Wilsons, are disappearing fast. Crain resigned, and Bob Wilson III took over conclusion. The next 2 days, I will place "Our goal is to get rid of those shacks," management of the company. into the RECORD supporting charts which Mike Wilson says. "We plan to have a big Under Wilson III's leadership, the Wilsons Herbits included as an appendix to his party when we burn the last shack, and I began diversifying into several areas. The analysis. hope it wm be soon." company began growing alfalfa. and estab­ The Herbits analysis follows: In 1962, the Wilsons decided to seek fed­ lished a.n alfalfa. dehydrating fac111ty at Wil­ eral aid to develop low-income housing at HERBITS ANALYSIS OF THE KING REPORT­ son. The soya mill was closed in the early PART V Wilson. In 1969, they rented their first 28 1970s, but the company's seed operation was units. The apartments are small, neat, de­ expanded. Today the company's seed division CHAPTER 6 segregated and look more attractive than handles 4,000 tons of cotton seed annually In the first paragraph of his chapter, "Al­ most government projects. Average rent is and processes more than 1,000,000 bushels of ternatives to the AVF," Dr. King once more $51 a month. registered and certified soybean and wheat makes reference to the "nation's pursuit of Since 1969, the Wilsons have built 40 more seed. The company's international sales have its broad national goal," and he once more housing units at Wilson, several at Keiser expanded recently. clearly indicates his feeling that the AVF is and Marie. The company is currently build­ POLO PLAYERS not compatible with those national goals. ing 40 duplex homes using an energy-saving We need to ask whose goals King is talking design, the first in the Southwest built with Robert Wilson III went to Yale, was cap­ about. The only obvious message from this Housing and Urban Development funds. tain of the polo team, and until recently kept 121-pa.ge report is that King feels national The Wilson Housing Authority apartments a stable of race horses. Wilson III and his service is the only means of fulfill1ng the are all built by the Wilson Construction sons were active polo players and until two goals he imputes to the nation, and he will Company and the sites are purchased from or three years ago, Steve played occasionally rely on any device a.t his disposal in an at­ the family firm. at Memphis. tempt to discredit efforts not compatible A nonprofit corporation was formed by the Mike attended the Citadel. Steve the Uni­ with his preconception. Unfortunately for Wilsons to lease low-income rental units to versity of Arkansas and Bob the University the AVF, it happens to be the most visible the housing authority at the two nearby of Virginia. one. towns of Keiser (population 900) and Marie WHY DO THEY RETURN? In the first sentence in his subsection on (72). a. return to the draft, Dr. King should add 'NOT FOR PROFIT' Why do they return to Wilson? Mike: "It's an inheritance." politicians to defense scholars and managers. "They [the Wilsons) are not into it for It is unfair to assume that somehow scholars profit," Davison says. "They are just inter­ Steve: "I love farming." and managers accomplish something of this ested in housing for the people that work for Bob: "I thought of law school but decided momentum without the political leadership them." Out of the 68 units, Mike Wilson esti­ to come here." of the country participating. Dr. King's brief mates two dozen are present or former com­ Bob Wilson, son of Robert E. Lee Wilsor. "analysis" is so devoid of a sense of history pany employees. III, is legally named Robert E. Lee Wilson V or of reality that it is difficult to discuss July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23653 reasonably. He would have us believe there the lives of America's young men and women had exerted too much of an influence on is new AVF data spurring renewed debate, and their fammes. A comprehensive, far­ these students because it allowed them to when in fact only those who have opposed reaching program of the sort endorsed by take the ASV AB test at their option? He the AVF since its inception have been vocal Dr. King, with all its "minimally coercive" seems very confused. in recent months in restirring the debate on implications, is one unsuited to a nation Furthermore, there was a great public up­ the AVF versus the draft. Polley debate is with our tradition of democratic ideals. roar years ago-and rightly so-when the always welcome, and can be beneficial, but When the draft debates began in 1966 and suggestion was made that uniform, nation­ it must be viewed in the proper perspective continued through the 1971 extension, pro­ ally-controlled testing of grade school stu­ and it must be conducted in a fair, factual, ponents of all concepts were heard. Congres­ dents be undertaken. Undue intervention by unbiased manner. sional testimony is replete with discussions the state was feared by many, and they were The first sentence of the last paragraph about national service, compulsory and vol­ correct in that judgment. Is it any more on page 48 is probably more revealing than untary, the volunteer force and modified se­ palatable to have such a program at the high Dr. King would have hoped. He says this: lective service systems. The debate went on school level? "A return to the draft would therefore seem within the Executive branch, with three na­ On page 70, Dr. King somehow concludes to be feasible only in the face of a national tional commissions (Marshall, Gates, De­ that there are no reasonable grounds to con­ emergency, or after a substantial public 'edu­ fense Manpower); in scholarly journals, in clude that a national service program would cational program' which would reveal the conferences (The National Youth Service not have a beneficial effect on the nation's difficulties to be expected from the AVF Workshop in 1966, Sol Tax's in 1966, the mmtary forces. This is an uninformed, un­ and the limitations it places on national White House Conference on Youth in 1970, analyzed and ill-considered assumption. policy." Perhaps the term "national policy" and the National Service Conference at the There are many grounds to assume there should be replaced with the term "Dr. King's FOR Library, 1976); editorials, newspapers would be negative effects on the m111tary. If perceived desirable policy." and magazines (there are over 1,000 clips Dr. Kin·g intends to pay poverty-level wages or. King's discussion of a reserve-only at the Hoover Institution at Stanford Uni­ for mmtary s.ervice, as he apparently advo­ draft on page 49 bears close scrutiny. How versity on this subject alone); in think tanks cates, under a national service program, how does he expect such a draft to rectify pres­ (RAND, CNA, HumRRO, IDA, Brookings); in does he propose to maintain quality equiva­ ent and future problems of the reserve mmtary associations (such as AUSA, ROA, lent to the existing level when the best indi­ forces? Would he use quotas? Has he given American Legion, etc.); in national opinion viduals, as he perceives them, are likely to any thought to the implications in light of polls (Gallup, Harris, Michigan Youth Sur­ volunteer for environmental services and the regional nature of the reserves? Would vey's); as the National High School Debate other programs he proposes under the na­ we not be creating a superfluous bureauc­ topic; in several books (besides those men­ tional service umbrella? racy? There is a constitutional issue because tioned earlier there are MUler, et al., Why SUMMARY reserves are essentially local organizations. the Draft, Penguin, 1968; Reeves & Hess, In addition, there's a question of equity. In summary, Dr. King's report is one of the The End of the Draft, Vintage, 1970; Bliven, most academically weak and biased studies How does one determine the problems of Volunteere, One & All, Reader's Digest Press drafting in some areas of the country and to bear the stamp of a congressional report. 1976; and Marmion, Case Against a Volunteer The professor is very often factually incor­ not in others-or in having to move some Army. Quadrangle, 1971); and prolific writ­ people from one part of the country to an­ rect, he is deliberately misleading, he is selec­ ings by Don Eberly, Morris Janowitz, Charles tive in the material he cites, and he has no other because of insufficient reserves in that Moskos, and WUlard Wirtz on national serv­ particular area? Where are these people go­ compunction about making arguments ex­ ing to live? What are they going to do when ice. The list is endless: hundreds of thou­ actly counter to one another in an effort to they are not in the reserves at the new lo­ sands of words and pages, meetings and justify invalid points. His conclusions were cation? These questions-which are essen­ speeches. And after all of this, the national apparently reached before he even began the tial and in fact determinative factors about decision was to institute a volunteer armed "study" so that those elements of research the reserve draft--are left unaddressed. force. and analysis which are legitimate and have The heart of his section on "A 'Better There is certainly nothing wrong with some credib111ty are obscured by the manipu­ Managed' AVF" concerns responsibil1ties of stimulating a new national debate on an lative manner in which he uses the bulk of Senator Nunn's subcommittee, for which the old subject. But let there be no confusion material in his work. report was prepared and to which all too about whether national service has been It is important to reiterate that Senator little attention has been paid. Whether the given ·a fair shake in the American political Nunn spoke correctly in the transmittal letter volunteer force can continue successfully process. It is not "innovative," nor, as the in referring to the need for a serious debate rests to a considerable degree on the extent public has determined, "is it reasonable in on the AVF. This "study" is a disservice to to which the appropriate Congressional com­ today's environment." Senator Nunn and to the goal he had in mittee exercises its oversight duties to as­ CHAPTER 7 mind. sist Pentagon managers in undertaking the In Chapter 7, "The Rationale for a Na­ proper initiatives. tional Service Program," Dr. King makes On page 52, in the initial paragraph about stm another misguided comparison and STATEMENT ON CAPTIVE NATIONS reenlistment programs, Dr. King makes yet "analysis." He finds it "startling in the ab­ another error. He says that a change in the solute" and "more meaningful through com­ restricting of reenlistments would cause a parison with statistics from other nations" HON. WILLIAMS. BROOMFIELD consequent increase in retirement costs. to discover that 31 percent of males aged 17- OF MICHIGAN Simply permitting individuals to stay for 21 are ineligible for m111tary service. His com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES two or three or even four enlistments is not parison with the 10 percent figure of the necessarily going to entail additional retire­ Swiss is one of the most meaningless in the Monday, July 18, 1977 ment costs under the current structure. Un­ entire paper, since American standards for der the current system, one has to stay in Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the the service for 20 years to receive a pension, m111tary service are set much higher than commemoration of this year's Captive and no one is suggesting that 170,000 peo­ those of almost any other nation. Dr. Cooper Nations week assumes a special signifi­ ple who come into-the Army in a single year has pointed out that the French claim only cance, particularly in light of the United be permitted to go all the way through the 7 percent are found ineligible for m111tary service and notes that it is simply because States' revitalized efforts in the areas ladder to the 20-year enlistment point. The of human rights and European security. section is filled with rhetoric and has no they do not reject people for all the reasons relation to realities of m111tary personnel that we reject them. It strains credulity to Only several weeks ago, the first major policy. suggest, as Dr. King does, that a universal post-Helsinki Conference on Security Dr. King at points strains the reader's national service system would "rectify" these and Cooperation in Europe began. credulity. His summary on page 58 is an ex­ problems by identifying and treating the Among the issues being discussed at the cellent example. Once more we have to en­ medical deficiencies of these young persons. Conference is the need for the freer dure his reference to "enhancing our nation's On page 63, Dr. King again brings dismay ab111ty to pursue its goals." Dr. King is so to the thoughtful, informed reader. After movement of people, ideas, and informa­ determined to ascribe his goals for the na­ earlier expressing sharp criticism of the mili­ tion-and thus human rights-within tion to the nation's best interests that he tary for providing, voluntarily, vocational and among European countries, includ­ will stop at nothing to try to justify his ap­ aptitude tests for high school students, he ing those nations captive to communism. parently lon~-held conclusion. contradicts himself when he says: "There It is dismaying to many, I'm sure, to dis­ is evidence that youths not only lack voca­ For many years, the issue of human cover that "national service is the alterna­ tional training, but they also lack the voca­ rights has been at the heart of the "Cap­ tive which is innovative, comorehensive, and tional aptitude testing that national service tive Cause." In the European captive reasonable in today's environment." The pro­ would provide for all. A recent survey showed nations, as well as in Laos, Cambodia, posal has been around for a long time and that less than 50 percent of American 17- Vietnam, the Soviet Union, and Red is popular in some circles. It has not at­ year-olds have taken an aptitude test and tained great popularity, however, because of that only 16 percent had discussed the results China, millions of people, entrapped by its cost and, more so. because of the level with a counselor." How does he reconcile this communism, have been yearning for the to which it would be a direct intrusion into statement with his conclusion that the Army rights of self-determination, freedom of 23654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 speech, freedom of worship, freedom to AFTER THE GLORY DAYS Grissom is dead, a victim of the 1967 Apollo fire. visit friends and relatives. Of the 12 moonwalkers-Neil Armstrong Over the decades, the oppressed people and Buzz Aldrin, Pete Conrad and AI Bean, of the captive countries have persevered HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE AI Shepard and Ed Mitchell, Dave Scott and in their struggle for national and indi­ OF TEXAS Jim Irwin, John Young and Charlie Duke, vidual rights. At the same time, how­ Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt-only Bean ever, the Communists have continued to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Young are stlll astronauts. Scott is a NASA executive. The rest are gone-again to suppress the captives' efforts to be free. Monday, July 18, 1977 the U.S. Senate, to Coors beer distributor­ Most important to the struggle for hu­ Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, of the ships, to jobs in aerospace and out. Some man rights in the European captive many people who contribute to our so­ are real winners. Some are just doing okay. countries has been the idea that some of There's a third category of yesterday's the signatory states to the historic Hel­ ciety today none make a more diverse heros, the orbiters. Walt Cunningham is one, sinki agreement may never have in­ and interesting contribution than those who, after five years of astronaut training, tended to fully implement the Helsinki astronauts who pioneered in the Mer­ ma.de one Earth-orbital spa.ceflight. "It's cury, Gemini, and Apollo programs. To­ hell," he says. "Whatever else I do, I'm re­ provisions. For this reason, citizen groups day, these early space travelers contrib­ membered for 11 days of my life." were formed in some of the signatory ute to many fields using the same excep­ For those 11 days, Cunningham circled the states including the Soviet Union in tional talents that were devoted to our Earth with Wally Schirra and Donn Eisele in order to better monitor full compliance space program. An article by Jim Apollo 7. Now he's a senior vice-president and with the terms of the Helsinki accord. director of engineering for Diversified Design These groups have tried to better ac­ Schefter in the July issue of "Passages" Disciplines, a Houston firm that specializes quaint the captive public with the Hel­ describes what these astronauts are do­ in designing plumbing, electronics and other sinki agreement and provide for a freer ing today. Mr. Schefter was formerly innards for commercial buildings. with "Time-Life" and currently is with In his astronaut days, Cunningham was flow of information and ideas. the Midwest Research Institute. For the an outspoken, sometimes argumentative, Often, however, the Soviets have ar­ benefit of my colleagues and the general "my way" kind of guy. NASA doesn't like its rested and persecuted many members public I am including the article in the astronauts to be too hea.dstrong-innova­ of these groups. Recent arrests have be­ RECORD: tive, yes; argumentative, no. "It caused me come indicative of the continued Com­ some problems," Cunningham admits. For munist harassment of dissidents and in AFTER THE GLORY DAYS instance, he was not offered a second space particular the persistent Soviet repres­ (By Jim Schetter) miEsion. But did he change? No. "That's just Remember Charlie Duke? Ed Mitchell? AI me," he says. sion of stubborn opposition to "russiflca­ Bean? How about Walt Cunningham? Tom Now Cunningham may soon be remember tion," the long term goal of Soviet au­ Stafford? Frank Borman? No? Then surely for something other than those 11 days in thorities to homogenize the many captive the guessing game comes into focus with spa.ce. He's written a book that he calls "a. nations into one "Soviet Nation." Wally SChirra, Gordon Cooper and John slightly irreverent look at space and space­ Through terror and deceit, the Com­ Glenn? men." And stubborn stlll, he won't say what's munists have been ruthless in their ef­ Of course. They're astronauts. Duke, Mitch­ in it beyond revealing the title: The All­ ell, and Bean walked on the Moon. Cunning­ American Boys. "Anybody who was there will forts to control the captive peoples of appreciate the title," he says. In ham, Stafford and Borman orbited Earth, the Central and Eastern Europe. particu­ Moon, or both. And SChirra, Cooper and They were all-American boys. Some were lar, the Soviets have attempted to impose Glenn are from the Original Seven, America's lusty, some were straitlaced, but as a group the conditions of "russiflcation" and per­ first spacemen and international heroes in they drank, smoked, cuEsed and got the job the early 1960s. done. There's never been a. group like them, secution upon the countries in that part and may never be again. of the world-and with some measure of Whatever ha.ppened to these astronauts­ AI Shepard parlayed the early money from success. yesterday's heroes of the Spa.ce Age? Life Magazine, which had a contract for Although conditions in the captive na­ The answers are as diverse as the astro­ the astronauts' personal stories, into mil­ tions are disturbing-they are not with­ nauts themselves. For despite their public lionaire status. After moonwalking on Apollo image as Boy Scouts ... cosmic good guys ... 14, he stayed with NASA awhlle, then went out hope. The captive countries continue the astronauts are only human. And like into private business. His firm, the Wind­ to struggle against oppression and cry many other groups of working folks, they ward Company, distributes Coors beer in out for helP-and they particularly look relate more to a job-task than to a job-thrill, Houston. to our Nation whose concerns have al­ to the challenge of getting something done Charlie Duke walked on the Moon with rather than to the emotional impact of what John Young on Apollo 16. Today, Duke's Or­ ways been the preservation of freedom they've done. bit Corporation is a. major Coors distributor and human rights. Ask an astronaut: "How did spa.ce1Ught in San Antonio. Since the founding of our Nation, the change your life?" Almost certainly, he'll Young stayed on. His four spa.ce missions, concerns for freedom and individual answer: "I haven't changed. I'm the sa.tne along with backup assignments, cost him a. rights have been an important part of guy I was before." And with few exceptions marriage, but catalyzed another. From Feb­ that's true. ruary 1964 through mid-1972, he was as­ the "American Belief System" and in To the rest of us, orbiting the Earth or signed to one space crew after another. He particular, an important part of Ameri­ going to the Moon seems somehow mystical. was never home-when he wasn't training in can foreign policy. From the beginning, How can anyone experience that magic a. simulator in Houston or Florida, helping · we Americans have believed that our without suddenly being transformed into a redesign spacecraft parts in California, or country should profess political and new person? But to an astronaut, going to keeping his reft.exes sharp by ft.ying an a.cro­ the Moon is a job. It's better than most, but ba.tic jet, he was orbiting the Earth or walk­ ethical principles-principles concerning a job just the same. ing on the Moon. His kids grew up without the rights of human freedom and dig­ As a group, America's astronauts-there him; he and his wife drifted apart. nity-that can be used, to some extent, have been 65 or so-are hard-driving go­ But did it change the real John Young? A as examples throughout the world. More­ getters. They're not usually introspective. laconic, underspoken kind of pilot, he shakes over, we Americans have always believed They're not poets or philosophers. They're his head. "Heck, I'm still the same guy," he test pilots, and a trip to the Moon doesn't grins. "I like all this stuff." So now he's chief that we have a moral as well as political of the Astronaut Offi.ce at the Johnson Space commitment to stand up for those par­ make a pilot a poet. The best of the good days, the glory days, Center and figures to fiy a. Space Shuttle in ticular values and principles. came in the 60's. The space program was full 1979 or 1980. Clearly we must continue to maintain of life, and roaring to that rendezvous with Young's soft humor and drawl can't hide our values and principles-to stand for the Moon. Then Neil Armstrong took that his whipcrack intellect. And he wants that freedom and human dignity throughout "one small step" and the adventure ended. Shuttle fiight: "To ft.y out of orbit and go Apathy set in, and the astronaut corps splin­ from mach 27 to mach 0 is gonna. be one of the world. The United States should con­ aviation's most thrllUng experiences," he tinue its efforts to promote and advance tered as its members drifted away. says. "I gotta try that." human rights in all captive nations of the Of the Original Seven-Al Shepard, Gus As chief astronaut, Young wlll have a lot world. In this way we can, in a spirit of Grissom, John Glenn, SCott Carpenter, Wally to say about which astronauts ft.y the Shut­ Schirra, Gordon Cooper and Deke Slayton­ tle. There are stm 30 or so in Houston, work­ compassion and determination, help to only Deke remains with the National Aero­ ing, waiting, training. "These guys wake up provide new hope and encouragement for nautics and Space Administration. The rest running," Young says. "Astronauts are goal­ those who yet remain the captives of are gone-to the U.S. Senate, to Walt Disney, oriented. You gotta. get up ea.rly just to keep communism. to jobs they had never dreamed of. And even with •em." July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23655 Drive and energy are some of the astro­ he agrees, everyone thought that an ex­ alcoholism and depression, is a consultant in nauts' few common factors. AI Bean :flew astrounaut could name his position and Los Angeles. Blll Anders, Moon orbiter, is three times in space-a short Gemini mis­ salary in the aerospace industry. It didn't U.S. Ambassador to Norway; Dave Scott, sion where he took a space walk, a moon­ happen. "I'd like to be back in aerospace," moonwalker, is director of the Dryden Flight walk on Apollo 12, then 59 days up there as Lovell muses, "but its amazing. There just Research Center in the Mojave Desert; Gene commander of the second Skylab crew. He wasn't much there." Cernan, moonwalker, is vice-president of too, is waiting for the Shuttle. Only Frank Borman, Eastern Air Lines Coral Petroleum in Houston; Mike Collins, Bean is one of the few astronauts who president, and Pete Conrad, marketing vice­ Moon orbiter, is director of the Smithsonian's admits that space:flight changed his per­ president for McDonnell-Douglas, are in the Air and Space Museum in Washington; Neil sonality. "I was always introspective, and I industry. Armstong, first man on the Moon, is an engi­ though I knew myself pretty well. After go­ Jack Swigert is on the fringes. In some neering professor at the University of Cin­ ing to the Moon, I loosened up." He took on ways, his job--staff director for the U.S. cinnati-and does not grant interviews. the long-duration Skylab :flight as a personal House of Representatives Committee on Time, like space, moves on. challenge. "Anybody can take a 10-day trip Science and Technology-is one of the best. to the Moon and give it their best effort," he "I've got it all," Swigert grins. "When I came observes, perhaps too generously. "On Sky­ here four years ago, this was a sleepy little lab, it was tougher to keep up a high-output committee that only looked at NASA and level because you operated a lot closer to the National Science Foundation. Now we've ASSISTING FBI AGENTS AND your physical limits." got science, space, energy, environment, avi­ FEDERAL OFFICERS In NASA or out, astronauts aren't sit­ ation. We're overseeing a $12 billion budget ters. They only have one speed-fast. this year." Jim Irwin walked the gorge-like rim of Swigert has built a reputation on Capitol HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI the Moon's Hadley Rille on Apollo 15. That Hill for recruiting top-quality people to ad­ OF NEW YORK experience led him to leave the space pro­ vise the Congress on science and technology IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gram and establish High Flight, a semi-evan­ issues. And though he's technically on leave Monday, July .18, 1977 gelistic organization. He travels the world from NASA, he doesn't expect to go back. delivering inspirational messages. "I miss the space program as we had it," he Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, the Last year Irwin had' a heart attack, which says. "I miss the people, even the people Federal Bureau of Investigation, the doctors say is not related to his lunar excur­ cleaning the offices. We were part of a team, sion. Then early in 1977, he underwent open­ backbone of this country's law enforce­ and we did something for the country. We to heart surgery in Houston. Just six weeks gave it a lift when it needed one." ment agencies, has been shaken its later, Irwin went skiing. "Can you imagine Swigert resisted suggestions in 1976 that foundation by the recent indictment of that?" AI Bean says incredulously: "He's he run for Congress himself. But the idea still one of the most respected special agents, out there on the slope and he has another has appeal. "Congress needs more technical John Kearney. He stands accused of heart attack.'" people to deal with the problems we're fac­ using illegal wiretaps and mail tampering Irwin paid for the indiscretion. He spent ing," he insists. "One of the reasons we have tactics durmg-an investigation of the more than two months hospitalized, and an energy problem today is because we didn't even now his physical activity is sharply re­ Weathermen, a 'radical organization re­ have enough technical people in Congress 20 sponsible for many terrorist bombings stricted. But even more intensely than Bean, years ago." Irwin says that walking on the Moon did, in Across the H111, two other ex-astronauts are and deaths in recent years. fact, change him. "On the Moon the total doing their bit to help. U.S. Senator John H. I certainly do not condone the illegal picture of the power of O<>d . • • became Glenn (D-Ohio) was the first American to acts that occurred. We cannot and must abundantly clear to me," he wrote in his bio­ orbit the Earth. Senator Harrison H. (Jack) not tolerate law enforcement agencies graphical book To Rule tne Night. "I felt an Schmitt (R-New Mexico) was the last Ameri­ overwhelming sense of the presence of God breaking the law, and we should take the can to set foot on the Moon. necessary actions to prevent such abuses on the Moon." When his heart heals, Irwin Jack Schmitt was among the most intense will be back on the evangelist circuit, carry­ astronauts. A geologist by profession, he was in the future. The House of Representa­ ing that message to all who will listen. something of an outsider among test pilots. tives took a major step in this direction But in the area of spiritual reawakening. And he worked hard. His idea of a relaxing by approving the creation of the Select Irwin is the exception. The reactions of the evening was to curl up with a flight plan. Committee on Intelligence, which will Apollo 13 astronauts, who are lucky to even And for an exciting weekend, he invited engi­ assist in policing our intelligence agen­ be around at all, are more typical. neers over to discuss unsolved problems of ex­ Apollo 13 was disabled by an explosion cies. ploring the lunar surface. The question is not on the legality of halfway to the Moon. For nearly three days, Then he went to the Moon, and Schmitt the ship limped out and around the Moon changed, although he really doesn't know these covert operations, but whether in­ to swing back home. Astronaut Fred Haise why. His intense, tunnel-vision personality dictments should be issued to agents who is stlllin Houston as the No. 1 Space Shuttle vanished; his perspective ballooned. He ran were performing their assignment in the pilot. Jim Lovell and Jack Swigert found for the Senate and won. line of duty, under orders from their careers elsewhere-and proved that astro­ "I'm going to be an advocate for science superiors. It now appears that the Justice nauts feel more strongly about changes from and space," Schmitt says. "I see no reason to Department will continue with its inves­ business than changes from a lunar :flight. change my opinions; they're based on some Like most astronauts, Lovell's life had tigation and indict a number of other solid evidence." So Schmitt, who calls his agents. These agents allegedly involved been m111tary, then aerospace. Two of his brand of politics "imaginative conservatism," four space trips were to the Moon, he was takes on other senators in technological de­ in the illegal activities did so in good on the historic Christmas Eve lunar orbit bate. "I can use the perspective of space in faith, apparently with the approval of narrowly escaping with his life on Apollo 13. debates," he says. "This place needs a broader their superiors and believing that their His (;ransition to the world where the rest view, and I have tt." work was critical to the security of the of us live wasn't easy. "But you have to Schmitt, whose outgoing enthusiasm af­ Nation. move on," he concedes. "I miss the excite­ fects everyone around him, carries the mes­ It is common knowledge that this type ment, and I'd like to :fly the Shuttle, but sage outside the Senate chambers, too. "I there are guys there still waiting to go." don't have any problem attracting a crowd of operation has occurred many times in (Three astronauts who joined up in 1966 when I'm talking," he grins. "I can talk about the past. Just 3 months ago the Justice are still considered rookies. They won't get the future of the republic or the future of the Department decided not to prosecute CIA an orbital chance until 1979.) Republican party, but when I get to space, officials involved in illegal mail tampering When Lovell got out, he got way out. He's people really brighten up. They want to operations. Last year former Attorney under contract as spokesman for Mutual know what it's like on the Moon." General Edward Levi, in a decision not Benefit Life Insurance Company and gives With astronauts spread coast to coast, the to prosecute Federal agents for mail motivational talks to agents. He's done tele­ space program moving into new maturity, tampering, stated: vision commercials for a breakfast drink, and the glory days gone, here's where some Tang. And for several years, this man who others are today: Whatever can be said about the law now, went to the Moon ran a barge company in Scott Carpenter, Original Seven, president the department believes at the time the Houston. Now he's., president of Fiske Tele­ of Pyro Sol, Inc., a small company specializ­ potential defendants acted, there was sub­ phone Systems, a small firm that provides ing in using waste products to generate stantial basis for thinking that the law was equipment to companies that want to own energy; Gordon Cooper, Original Seven, vice­ otherwise. their own system, not lease from Ma Bell. president for R&D at WED, Inc., a Walt Dis­ In other words, this type of activity "Civ111an life is a lot different than working ney subsidiary in Glendale; Wally Schirra, was common among our law enforcement for the government," says Lovell, "and it's Original Seven, director of technology pur­ a rude awakening. There's a profit motive; chase for Johns-Manville in Denver; Deke agencies during that period, and it ap­ no profit and you don't get paid." Slayton, Original Seven, NASA executive tn pears that the law itself was unclear. Lovell looks back at the glory days and Houston. For these reasons, I am introducing a wonders what happened. Just 10 years ago, Buzz Aldrin, moonwalker, after overcoming bill that would provide for the payment 23656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 of any costs incurred by Federal officers bootleg labor. That is a fact. That contractor Act harm minority contractors in much for legal counsel prior to their indict­ has cheap colored labor that he transports, the same way that they harm minority ment, when the charges are a result of and he puts them in cabins, and it is labor of that sort that is in competition with white workers. High prevailing wage determi­ their routine investigative, law enforce­ labor throughout the country. nations, by making nonunion contractors ment functions. This legislation applies less competitive, seems to have a sub­ to both criminal and civil cases stemming Since that time, the discriminatory stantial impact in discouraging non­ from Federal charges, and in the case of effects of the act, while more subtle, have union contractors from bidding on Fed­ charges brought by a State, it would in­ continued unabated. Through the pro­ eral projects. The National Association demnify a Federal officer for both legal mulgation of union wage rates on virtu­ of Minority Contractors has recommend­ counsel and for any money damages that ally all projects, regardless of actual pre­ ed suspension of Davis-Bacon Act re­ may result from his trial on civil charges. vailing wages, the act discourages the quirements for this reason, and notes Let me reiterate that the FBI-and participation of open-shop contractors that- its agents-is not above the law. How­ on Federal and federally assisted :t:roj­ Unemployment among blacks in cities with ever, I feel that these agents are being ects. Since a far higher percentage of populations over 100,000 is 19.7 percent. In made scapegoats for activities that they white than nonwhite craftsmen and la­ these same cities, construction requirements believe constituted the normal perform­ borers in the construction industry report are not being met . . . the large pool of idle ance of their duty and were authorized union membership, it is clear that a di­ labor cannot be used and/or trained because at high levels of the Government. rect effect of the Davis-Bacon Act is to of the restrictions of the Davis-Bacon Act. My major concern is that a series of artificially restrict job opportunities for Mr. Speaker, reform of the Davis-Ba­ indictments and other legal actions will black workers. con Act is not going to solve all of the hamstring the work of the FBI and Prof. Walter E. Williams, a young black employment problems that minority weaken its effectiveness. The prosecu­ member of the economics department at groups face in this country, but, until it tion of these agents will hinder future Temple University, made the following is reformed, the act is going to continue intelligence operations. Agents, despite observations at a recent conference at to serve as a major impediment toward orders from superiors, will be afraid to Howard University in Washington, D.C.: increased minority participation in this carry out the directives. Certainly the One effect of the Davis-Bacon Act was that country's construction industry. The act least we can do is pay for the cost of their it discouraged non-union contractors from limits black employment opportunities, counsel prior to their possible indict­ bidding on Federal projects because of the black entrepreneurial opportunities, and ment. pay differential problems that would result frustrates the ability of public programs The outcome of the Kearney indict­ from having some workers, in a non-union shop, working at a federal project receiving to improve opportunities for them. Nu­ ment could determine whether the FBI higher wages while others working on private merous academic studies have developed will survive as a formidable law enforce­ jobs receive lower pay. To the extent that the evidence to back up the claims of ment agency, and I trust that my col­ non-union contractors are discouraged from those, such as Arthur Burns, who believe leagues will actively consider this legis­ competition on a substantial part of federal that the Davis-Baco:1 Act "effectively lation so that we can assist in preventing construction, it has economic consequences hinders the number of hardcore unem­ the further destruction of this invaluable for minorities and younger workers who are ployed persons who could be absorbed on institution. excluded from unions and hence are more likely to work in the non-unionized sector of Government projects due to the high the construction industry. (SEO data shows wages which would have to be paid to that only 27% of non-white craftsmen and them." 35% of non-white laborers in the construc­ DAVIS-BACON ACT AND tion industry reported union membership.) MINORITIES Furthermore, the high apprenticeship rates required by the Davis-Bacon Act discourages EXTENSION OF CHILD DEVELOP­ the usage of apprentices and other low skilled MENT PROGRAMS UNDER THE HON. TOM HAGEDORN people on Federal projects which acts to APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COM­ OF MINNESOTA counter federal efforts to train minorities MISSION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through manpower training programs. (Davis-Bacon also hampers efforts to stimu­ Monday, July 18, 1977 late low- and moderate-income housing. HON. DOUGLAS APPLEGATE Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, the Higher labor costs offset the government in­ OF OHIO Davis-Bacon Act is a perfect example of terest subsidy.) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special interest legislation which is detri­ As Professor Williams notes, the high Monday, July 18, 1977 mental to everyone outside of that apprenticeship rates set by the Depart­ special interest. It imposes costly and ment of Labor under Davis-Bacon, as Mr. APPLEGATE. Mr. Speaker, amidst time-consuming paperwork burdens upon well as its failure to recognize special the loud and resounding complaints contractors who do work on public proj­ rates for helpers and trainees has forced about big government and bureaucratic ects. It is costly to the taxpayer, resulting many contractors and subcontractors to inefficiency, I am proud to direct your in increased public construction costs of sharply limit numbers of apprentices, attention away from this and toward a 5 to 15 percent. It imposes heavy finan­ helpers, and trainees employed. This has significant number of public programs cial burdens upon local and State govern­ worked a particular hardship upon mi­ which do work, and in fact are a tremen­ ments which use Federal matching funds. nority group members. One contractor dous reflection of just how well govern­ And it insures that the intended bene­ testified before the Senate Subcommittee ment can operate. ficiaries of public spending receive less on Housing and Urban Affairs in 1972- I am referring particularly to the Ap­ for their money. Public works projects, In Alabama, we have been an open-shop palachian Regional Commission's child for example, put fewer people to work, contractor for a number of years and there development program. Through more HUD interest subsidies are consumed by are no certified apprenticeship tra.ining pro­ than 325 projects, serving more than 300 exorbitant wage rates, and the costs of grams in the State except those that are out of 397 counties in Appalachia, in school construction and water resources union-oriented and union dominated, and excess of 200,000 individuals are being projects are driven up. they are not open to ... open-shop mem­ served. These programs are immunizing As with so much other well-intended bers. As a result, in Alabama, on Davis-Bacon and nourishing America's children, pro­ projects, we have not been able to use any viding prenatal care and education for regulatory legislation, one group partic­ apprentices whatsoever. We can't use helpers ularly impacted by 'Davis-Bacon have unless we pay helpers the preva111ng standard young mothers, allowing thousands of been racial minorities. In many respects, for the journeyman ... It just happens that parents to enter the labor force in Appa­ it was the itinerant black laborer from I favor strongly upgrading the minorities in lachia-all in fact due to the provision of the South who prompted the original our company. We work at it actively and with the child development programs in Ap­ passage of the act and who was its first some success. But if we bid on a job that palachia. victim. One Member arguing in behalf of comes under Davis-Bacon, that upgrading is The Appalachia Regional Commission the bill in 1931 stated: stopped in that work. deserves a sincere note of praise for the Reference has been made to a contractor The policies of the Department of La­ cooperative and dynamic progress it has from Alabama who went to New York with bor in administering the Davis-Bacon made through the design and implemen- July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23657 tation of these fine progams over the past transition period and mandating the Commerce, Science, and Transportation few years. But the task has only partially Appalachia Regional Commission to in­ To resume hearings on S. 1381, setting standards for State no-fault benefit been tapped and the life of a child in this vestigate these specific problems, will be plans to compensate motor traffic ac­ region of the country is by no means the rightful and reasonable solution. cident victims. easy. In the central part of the region, The individuals we have been talking 5110 Dirksen Building intestinal parasites infect an estimated about are people, not laboratory test Commerce, Science, and Transportation 50 percent of all children. True, the in­ subjects, people in need of our help. I Business meeting to further consider the fant mortality rate has declined signifi­ am hopeful that you, my esteemed col­ matter of regulatory reform of the air cantly since the creation of the ARC, but transportation industry. leagues, will not disappoint them. 235 Russell Building it is still 6 percent higher than the rest Energy and Natural Resources of the Nation. Surely with this informa­ To consider pending calendar business. tion, you will agree that this is not SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS 3110 Dirksen Building the time to abandon a fine-tuned and Finance smooth-running program, .but rather Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, Public Assistance Subcommittee this is the time to continue the program agreed to by the Senate on February 4, To continue hearings on H.R. 7200, so that all the gains we have made will 1977, calls for establishment of a sys­ dealing with the programs of supple­ m~n.tal security income, social serv­ not be lost. tem for a computerized schedule of all ices, child welfare services, aid to However, unless we act quickly, many meetings and hearings of Senate com­ fam111es with dependent children, and of these fine programs will indeed fold. mittees, subcommittees, joint commit­ child support. 2221 Dirksen Building ARC funding was a 5-year-only demon­ tees, and committees of conference. This Judiciary stration grant program for child devel­ title requires all such committees to To hold hearings on the nominations opment, at the end of which the program notify the Office of the Senate Daily of Edward L. F111ppine, to be U.S. dis­ was supposed to be self -sufficient. It is Digest-designated by the Rules Com­ trict judge for the eastern district of now clear that, for many programs, self­ Missouri, and T. F. Gilroy Daly, to be mittee-of the time, place, and purpose U.S. district judge for the district of sufficiency is an impossible goal. Title of all meetings when scheduled, and any Connecticut. 2228 Dirksen Building XX provides the main source of substi­ cancellations or changes in meetings as Select Indian Affairs tute funding, but it requires matching they occur. To resume oversight hearings on the amounts which are often prohibitive and As an interim procedure until the com­ current organization of the Bureau of unrealistic. The people working in our puterization of this information becomes Indian Affairs, Department of the In­ local ARC programs are trained to pro­ operational, the Office of the Senate Daily terior. 1318 Dirksen Building vide the needed services, not to engage in 10:30 a.m. Digest will prepare this information for Judiciary the full-time task of raising funds for printing in the Extensions of Remarks To hold a business meeting. operational purposes. But more impor­ section Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on 2300 Dirksen Building tantly, we cannot expect them to be fund Monday and Wednesday of each week. Conferees raisers. Although the large majority of Any changes in committee scheduling On H.R. 7555, making appropriations for the programs have, each year, reduced the Departments of Labor and Health, will be indicated by placement of an Edu<:ation, and Welfare. S-128, Capitol their dependence on ARC funding, many asterisk to the left of the name of the of those cannot do without the ARC por­ unit conducting such meetings. tion of their funding. To lose that por­ 1:00 p.m. Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, Conferees tion of their funding means either re­ On H.R. 692, authorizing funds for fiscal ducing the number of individuals served July 19, 1977, may be found in the Daily Digest of today's RECORD. year 1978 for activities of the Small or shutting down that program entirely. Business Administration. My dear colleagues, can we allow this MEETINGS SCHEDULED S-146, Capitol to happen? Accordingly, I have intro­ JULY 20 2:00p.m. duced legislation today which would ex­ 8:30 a.m. Select Intelligence tend ARC funding at 1975 levels until Judiciary To hold a closed business meeting. 1979, while charging the ARC with the Constitution Subcommittee 6226 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S.J. Res. 1, 8, and Conferees complete task of investigating the diffi­ 18, proposing amendments to the Con­ cultier. in turning over complete spon­ On S. 826, to establish a Department of stitution to provide for the direct Energy in the Federal Government to sorship of the programs to State or pri­ popular election of the President and direct a coordinated national energy vate agencies and reporting their find­ Vice President of the U.S. policy. ings to the Congress. Some programs 1202 Dirksen Building H-140, Capitol 9:30 a.m. have achieved self-sufficiency and it is 2:30p.m. time that we all found out just how this Foreign Relations To hold hearings on the Tax Convention Conferees was done and if the turn-over was 100 with the United Kingdom o'f Great On H.R. 7555, making appropriations for percent successful. Britain and Northern Ireland (Exec. K, the Departments of Labor and Health, These programs represent one of the 94th Cong., 2nd sess.), and the Proto­ Education, and Welfare. col to the 1975 Income Tax Convention S-128, Capitol soundest uses of our Federal dollar. A JULY 21 with the United Kingdom (Exec. Q, Columbia University study showed that 8:30a.m. each $1 spent on child development pro­ 94th Cong., 2nd sess.). 4221 Dirksen Building Foreign Relations grams prevents 94 cents of public de­ Human Resources Foreign Economic Policy Sub<:ommittflf' pendence aid. The cost to the Govern­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ To hold a closed business meeting. ment per year per child is roughly $119. mittee S-113, Capttot. The local people of Appalachia have dis­ To continue hearings on biomedical re­ 9:00a.m. covered a new sense of pride and a new search programs. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry resourcefulness, they are really not ask­ Until 1 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrift­ 10:00 a.m. cation Subcommittee ing much. But they refuse, and quite To hold hearings on S. 1729, to permit rightfully, to be treated as an experi­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To continue to consider recommenda­ the use of the Rural Electrification and ment whose time has ended, and to be ig­ tions to the Energy and Natural Re­ Telephone Revolving Fund to repair nored while we move on t.o new projects. sources Committee on energy con­ and replace certain electric power and My esteemed and distinguished col­ servation in residential areas, as telephone lines and equipment dam­ league in the Senate, Mr. HOWARD MET­ contained in Part A of S. 1469, the aged or destroyed in rural areas by ZENBAUM, is planning on introducing proposed National Energy Act. natural disasters. 5302 Dirksen Building 322 Russell Building matching legislation on the Senate :floor. Budget Finance As we have both researched this situa­ To continue hearings on the second con­ Health Subcommittee tion and given it considerable thought current resolution on the Congres­ To receive testimony from representa­ and thus concluded that only legisla­ sional Budget for fiscal year 1978. tives of the GAO office concerning the tion, extending the funding during this 357 Russell Building reorganization of the medicare an~ 23658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 18, 1977 medicaid programs within the Depart­ 10:30 a.m. To receive testimony on the results of ment of HEW. Finance the recent Law of the Sea Conference. 2221 Dirksen Building Health Subcommittee 4232 Dirksen Building •Judiciary To hold hearings on proposed legislation Foreign Relations Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee to expand medicare coverage of serv­ To hold hearings on proposed legisla­ ices provided in rural health clinics. Foreign Assistance Subcommittee tion to amend section 4 of the Clayton 2221 Dirksen Building To receive testimony from Administra­ Act so as to allow recovery !or dam­ Conferees tion o1Hcials on the proposed sale of ages by direct or indirect purchasers On H.R. 7589, making appropriations !or AWACS aircraft to Iran. of goods. construction at certain m111tary instal­ 4221 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building lations. Governmental Affairs 9:30am. 8-126, Capitol Permanent Investigations Subcommittee Budget 2:00p.m. To continue hearings on the present sta­ To continue hearings on the second con­ Human Resources tus of the Department of Labor Task current resolution on the Congres­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Force investigation of the Teamsters sional Budget for fiscal year 1978. mittee Central States Pension Fund. 357 Russell Building To mark up S. 1391, establishing a transi­ · 1114 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science and Transportation tional system to slow the escalating Judiciary Communications Subcommittee costs of hospital care. To hold hearings on the nomination of To hold hearings on S. 1866, making the Room to be announced Harold L. Murphy, to be U.S. district State of Hawa11 a domestic point tor Conferees Judge for the northern district of Geor­ purposes of international communica­ On H.R. 6689, proposed Foreign Relations gia. tions. Authorizations Act for fiscal year 1978. 2228 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 8-116, Capitol •veterans' Affairs Human Resources 2:30p.m. To consider pending calendar business. To hold hearings on the following nomi­ Conferees 412 Russell Building nations: Patricia Albjerg Graham of On S. 826, to establish a Department of 3:00p.m. New York, to be Director of the Na­ Energy in the Federal Government to Joint Economic tion Institute of Educatidn; Earl direct a coordinated national energy policy. Priorities and Economy in Government Oliver, of Illinois, to be a member of Subcommittee the Railroad Retirement Board; Mary 8-207, Capitol To hold hearings on the status and !unc­ Frances Cahill Leyland, of New York, JULY 22 John Robert Lewis, of Georgia, and 8:00a.m. tion of women in the m111tary. Irene Tinker, of Maryland, each to be Judiciary 5302 Dirksen Building an Assistant Director of ACTION; Sar Separation of Powers Subcommittee JULY 25 A. Levitan, of the District of Colum­ To hold hearings on constitutional issues 9:00a.m. bia, to be a member of the National associated with negotiations for the Finance Commission on Employment and Un­ disposition of the Panama canal Zone Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ employment Statistics; and John B. and of U.S. fac111ties located therein. mittee Gabusi, of Arizona, Robert Stern 6202 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on estate and gift tax Landmann, of New Mexico, and Rob­ 8:30a.m. problems arising from the Tax Reform ert Nathaniel Smith, of Michigan, Judiciary Act of 1976. each to be an Assistant Director of the Constitution Subcommittee 2221 Dirksen Building Community Services Administration. To continue hearings on S.J. Res. 1, 8, 9:30a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building and 18, proposing amendments to the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Judiciary Constitution to provide for the direct Surface Transportation Subcommittee Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom­ popular election or the President and To resume oversight hearings on the mittee Vice President of the U.S. Railroad Revitalization Act or 1976 To hold hearings on domestic terrorism 235 Russell Building (P.L. 94-210) and amendments pro­ and the need for action to prevent fu­ 9:00a.m. Governmental Affairs posed thereto. ture activities of terrorist groups. 5110 Dirksen Building 457 Russell Building Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ Select on Small Business ernment Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. Government Regulations and Small Busi­ To resume hearings on S. 1264, Federal Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ness Advocacy Subcommittee Acquisition Act of 1977. To hold hearings on S. 1724, to establish To resume hearings jointly with the 3302 Dirksen Building a Neighborhood Reinvestment Corpo­ Economic Growth and Stab111zation Judiciary . ra~ion. Subcommittee of Joint Economic on Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building S. 1726, to declare a national small To continue hearings on proposed legis­ Joint Economic business economic policy. lation to amend section 4 of the Clay­ To receive testimony on a mid-year re­ 424 Russell Building ton Act so as to allow recovery !or view of the economy. Banking, Housing, and Urban A11airs damages by direct or indirect pur­ 1202 Dirksen Building To mark up S. 1594 and H.R. 5959, to re­ chasers of goods. 2:00p.m. vise and extend the Renegotiation Act. 2228 Dirksen Building Finance 5302 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs mittee Business meeting to further consider the To consider the nomination of Robert H. To hold hearings on S. 1514, to extend matter of regulatory reform of the air McKinney, of Indiana, to be a mem­ the dates during which the transi­ transportation industry. ber of the Federal Home Loan Bank tional rules of the Tax Reform Act of 235 Russell Building Board, and H.R. 5675, to authorize the 1969 postpone the applicab111ty of Sec­ Energy and Natural Resources Treasury Department to make short­ tion 4941 of the Internal Revenue Code. To consider pending calendar business. term investment of any portion of its 2221 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building excess operating cash balance. JULY 26 Governmental Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building 8:00a.m. Permanent Investigations Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources To resume hearings on the present status Merchant Marine and Tourism Subcom­ Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee of the Department of Labor Task Force mittee To hold hearings on S. 1078, S. 1622, and investigation of the Teamsters Central To hold hearings on S. 1077, to assure 1857, providing improved authority tor States Pension Fund. that essential maritime transportation the administration of certain National 1114 Dirksen Building is provided to Alaska, Hawa11, and cer­ Forest System lands in Oregon. tain U.S. territories. 3110 Dirksen Building Select Intelllgence 5110 Dirksen Building Intelligence and the Rights of Amer~cans Judiciary Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources Hearing Panel To continue hearings on a proposal to To consider pending calendar business. To hold hearings on S. 1503, to provide establtsh procedures for electronic 3110 Dirksen Building for the payment of losses incurred as surveillance in the area of foreign in­ Foreign Relations a result of the ban on the use of the telligence (embodied in S. 1566). Arms Control and Disarmament Subcom­ chemical Tris in apparel and fabric. 6226 Dirksen Building mittee 2228 Dirksen Building July 18, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23659 9:00a.m. 9:30a.m. AUGUST 1 Governmental Affairs Human Resources 9:00a.m. Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Human Resources ernment Subcommittee mittee Labor Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 1264, Federal To continue oversight hearings on the To resume hearings on S. 1871, to in­ Acquisition Act of 1977. cost of drugs. crease the Federal minimum wage. 3302 Dirksen Building Until noon 1318 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building Human Resources Human Resources 10:00 a.m. Labor Subcommittee Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Subcommit­ Budget To hold hearings on bllls to amend the To continue mark up of second concur­ tee rent resolution on the Congressional Age Discrimination in Employment To hold hearings on the role of the half­ Act of 1967 to protect the employ­ Budget for fiscal year 1978. way house in the rehab111tation of 357 Russell Building ment rights of older workers (S. 481, alcoholics. 1583, 1768, 1773, and 1784). Until noon 1202 Dirksen Building Select Intelllgence 4232 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on a proposal to Select on Nutrition and Human Needs 10:00 a.m. establish procedures for electronic sur­ To receive testimony from representa­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation vemance in the area of foreign intelll­ tives of the egg industry concerning a Business meeting to consider pending gence (embodied in S. 1566). report on "Dietary Goals for the U.S.". calendar business. 1202 Dlr~sen Building 322 Russell Building Room to be announced AUGUST 2 9:30a.m. JULY 28 9:00a.m. Human Resources 8:00a.m. Human Resources Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Energy and Natural Resources Labor Subcommittee mittee Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ To continue hearings on S. 1871, to in­ To.resume oversight hearings on the cost committee crease the Federal minimum wage. of drugs. To continue hearings on partE (Electric 4232 Dirksen Building Untll Noon 6202 Dirksen Building Utillty Rate Reform) of S. 1469, pro­ 9:30a.m. Joint Economic posed National Energy Act. Judiciary To hear OMB Director Bert Lance on a 3110 Dirksen Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee mid-year review of the economy. 9:00a.m. To resume oversight hearings on the ef­ 318 Russell Building fectiveness of antitrust laws enforce­ Governmental Affairs ment 2226 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ernment Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. To resume mark up of H.R. 5294, S. 918, To continue hearings on S. 1264, Federal Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and s. 1130, to amend the Consumer Acquisition Act of 1977. To mark up S. 1664-1669, to amend in Protection Act so as to prohibit abu­ 3302 Dirksen Building several regards the law as it pertains sive practices by independent debt to Federal regulation of financial in­ Human Resources stitutions 5302 Dirksen Building collectors. Labor Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building Budget To hold hearings on S. 1871, to increase To continue mark up of second concur­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation the Federal minimum wage. rent resolution on the Congressional Business meeting to consider pending 4232 Dirksen Building Budget for fiscal year 1978. calendar business. 10:00 a.m. 357 Russell Buil.ding 235 Russell Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Judiciary •Energy and Natural Resources To mark up S. 695, to impose on former Administrative Practice and Procedure Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee Federal procurement personnel and ex­ Subcommittee To receive testimony from Ambassador tended time period during which they To hold hearings on S. 1792, to amend Elllot Richardson on the progress of may not work for defense contractors. the Administrative Conference Act. the United Nations Law of the Sea 5302 Dirksen Building 6202 Dirksen Building Conference. Commerce, Science, and Transportation. AUGUST 3 1224 Dirksen Building Business meeting to consider pending 9:00a.m. Foreign Relations calendar business. Human Resources To hold hearings on protocol to the Con­ Room to be announced Labor Subcommittee vention on International Civil Aviation Foreign Relations To continue hearings on S. 1871, to in­ (Exec. A, 95th Cong., 1st sess.), and To hold hearings on proposed Thresh­ crease the Federal minimum wage. related protocols (Exec. B, 95th Con­ old Test Ban and Peaceful Nuclear 4232 Dirksen Building gress, 1st sess.) Explosions Treaties with the U.S.S.R. 9:30a.m. 4221 Dirksen Building (Exec. N, 94th Cong., 2d sess.) Judiciary JULY 27 4221 Dirksen Building Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 8:00a.m. JULY 29 To continue oversight hearings on the Energy and Natural Resources 8:00a.m. effectiveness of antitrust laws enforce­ Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ ment. Judiciary 2226 Dirksen Building committee Separation of Powers Subcommittee To hold hearings on part E (Electric To resume hearings on constitutional 10:00 a.m. Ut111ty Rate Reform) of S. 1469, pro­ issues associated with negotiations for Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs posed National Energy Act. the disposition of the Panama Canal To continue mark up of S. 1664-1669, to 3110 Dirksen Building amend in several regards the law as Zone and of U.S. fac111ties located it pertains to Federal regulation of 9:00a.m. therein. financial institutions. Governmental Affairs 2228 Dirksen Building 5302' Dirksen Building Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ 9:30a.m. ernment Subcommittee AUGUST 4 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:00a.m. To continue hearings on S. 1264, Federal Surface Transportation Subcommittee Acquisition Act of 1977. Human Resources 3302 Dirksen Building To resume oversight hearings on the Labor Subcommittee Railroad Revitalization Act of 1976 To continue hearings on S. 1871, to in­ Human Resources (P.L. 94-210), and amendments pro­ crease the Federal minimum wage. Labor Subcommittee posed thereto. 4232 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on bllls to amend 5110 Dirksen Building the Age Discrimination in Employment 9:30a.m. Act of 1967 to protect the employment 10:00 a.m. Judiciary rights of older workers (S. 481, 1583, Budget Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee 1768, 1773, a.nd,.1784) . To mark up second concurrent resolution To continue oversight hearings on the 4232 Dirksen Building on the Congressional Budget for fiscal effectiveness of antitrust laws enforce­ year 1978. ment. Veterans' Affairs 357 Russell Building 2226 Dirksen Building Health and Readjustment Subcommittee 10:00 a.m. To hold oversight hearings on a study Human Resources To mark up S. 1391, proposed Hospital Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs by the National Academy of Sciences To mark up S. 1542, to extep.d to Sep­ on health care for American veterans. Cost Containment Act. 6226 Dirksen Building Until noon 4232 Dirksen Building tember 30, 1979, the Council on Wage 23660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE July 19, 1977 and Price Stab111ty, and S. 1724, to SEPTEMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 21 establish a. Neighborhood Reinvest­ 9:00a.m. ment Corporation. 9:30a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Veterans' Affairs Consumer Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 364, Veterans' AUGUST 5 To hold hearings on automatic auto 9:00a.m. crash protection devices. Administration Administrative Pro­ cedure and Judicial Review Act. Human Resources 5110 Dirksen Building Until 1 p.m. Room to be announced Labor Subcommittee SEPTEMBER 12 To continue hearings on S. 1871, to in­ SEPTEMBER 28 9:30a.m. crease the Federal minimum wage. 10:00 a.m. 4232 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Veterans• Affairs AUGUST 23 To hold hearings on S. 1710, proposed To receive legislative recommendations 10:00 a.m. Federal Insurance Act of 1977. from representatives of the American Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 5302 Dirksen Building Legion. International Finance Subcommittee SEPTEMBER 13 412 Russell Building To hold hearings on the dimension of 9:30a.m. national debts and payments deficits, CANCELLATIONS Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and the outlook for the future. JULY 20 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 1710, pro­ 10:00 a.m. AUGUST 24 posed Federal Insurance Act of 1977. 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on S. 1542, to ex­ International Finance Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation tend to September 30, 1979, the Coun­ To continue hearings on the dimension To hold hearings on the nomination of cil on Wage and Price Stab111ty. of national debt and payments def­ Donald L. Tucker, of Florida, to be a 5302 Dirksen Building icits, and the outlook for the future. Member of the Civil Aeronautics Board. JULY 21 5302 Dirksen Building 5110 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. SEPTEMBERS SEPTEMBER 14 Foreign Relations 9:00a.m. Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on proposed Thres­ Consumer Subcommittee Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs hold Test Ban and Peaceful Nuclear To hold hearings on automatic auto To continue hearings on S. 1710, pro­ Explosions .Treaties with the U.S.S.R. crash protection devices. posed Federal Insurance Act of 1977. (Exec. N., 94th Cong., 2d sess.). 5110 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 4221 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, July 19, 1977 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. that the Senate had passed without titles, in which the concurrence of the Rev. Mervin S. Eyler, St. Paul's Evan­ amendment a concurrent resolution of House is requested: gelical Lutheran Church, the Bronx, the House of the following title: S. 9. An act to establish a policy for the N.Y., offered the following prayer: H. Con. Res. 248. Concurrent resolution re­ management of oil and natural gas in the quiring an investigation by the Joint Eco­ Outer Continental Shelf; to protect the ma­ Gracious Lord, we pray for ourselves nomic Committee of certain economic rine and coastal environment; to amend the and for all people. changes. Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act; and for Deal with us as we re:flect on and con­ other purposes; template the world as we find it, and on - The message also announced that the S. 1496. An act to amend title 18, United those things we can do to improve the lot Senate had passed with amendments in States Code, to ma.ke a crime the willful de­ of all about us. With Your help and the which the concurrence of the House is struction or attempts to destroy the trans­ mutual support of contemporaries, may requested, a bill of the House of the fol­ Alaska pipeline system; this Nation be provided with understand­ lowing ti tie: S. 1502. An act to amend title 18, United H.R. 7932. An act making appropriations States Code, to make a crime the willful de­ ing, knowledge, and strength for the liv­ struction of any interstate pipeline system; ing of each day. for the legislative branch for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, and for other and Fill us with concern for the welfare of purposes. S. 1522. An act to increase the appropria­ all Your people, with compassion for tions authorization for fiscal years 1977 and those suffering from whatever hurt, with The message also announced that the 1978 and to authorize appropriations for love shared as we know and share Your Senate insists upon its amendments to fiscal year 1978 to carry out the Marine Mam­ love. the bill