DOCSLIB.ORG

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT UPDATE for CROATIA August 2005

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT UPDATE FOR CROATIA August 2005 Prepared by: Željka Zgaga USAID Croatia Program Specialist for Infrastructure and Environment Reviewed and Delivered by: William Jeffers USAID Croatia Mission Director Rebecca Latorraca USAID Croatia Program Officer Anne Convery Desk Officer for Croatia, E&E Bureau & Alicia P. Grimes Natural Resources Management Specialist and E&E Liaison, EGAT Bureau Desktop Publishing by: Danica Pancirov Executive Assistant to USAID Front Office Biodiversity Assessment Update for Croatia Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….……………………………….……. 3 2. STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY - LANDSCAPES, ECOSYSTEMS AND HABITATS …........ ………. 4 2.a Forests …………………………………………………………………………………………..... ….. 4 2.b Karst ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 2.c Wetlands and Water ………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 2.d Sea ……………………………………………………………………………………………….......... 6 2.e Coast and Islands …………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.f Grasslands & Arable Lands …………………………………………………………………………. 7 2.g Species and subspecies / FLORA & FAUNA ……………………………………………………… 7 3. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY – UPDATE …………………………………………………………….. 9 4. STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION – UPDATE ………………………………………… 10 4.a Protection in Protected Areas ………………………………………………………………….. …… 11 4.b Protection Outside of Protected Areas …………………………………………………………….. 12 5. STRATEGIC AND POLICY FRAMEWORK …………………………………………………………….. 13 5.a NSAP Update ……………………………………………………………………………………..…… 13 5.b Other relevant strategies …………………………………………………………………………….. 15 6. INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK UPDATE ……………………………………… 16 6.a Institutional Framework ………………………………………………………………………………. 16 6.b Legislative framework ……………………………………………………………………………….. 18 6.c International Conventions - Horizontal legislation …………………........................................... 19 6.d Major International Projects …………………………………………………………………………. 19 6.e EU Accession …………………………………………………………………………………………. 22 7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ………………………………………………………………………………… 23 8. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVED BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ............................... 26 9. USAID/Croatia ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28 9.a Former Strategy 2001 -2003 ………………………………………….......................................... 28 9.b Closeout Strategy ……………………………………………………………………………………. 29 9.c Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………… 32 ANNEXES …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 Habitat Map ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 EU Avis – Chapter 22. Environment ……………………………………………………………………… 37 Letters from Croatian Ministry of Culture listing biodiversity related international activities …….. 41 Red List ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 46 2 Biodiversity Assessment Update for Croatia Photo by: USAID Croatia 1. Introduction The first USAID Croatia biodiversity assessment was the first Government of Croatia’s (GoC) biodiversity done in December 2000 in support of its five year analysis that translated into National Strategy and strategy covering the period 2001-2005. This Action Plan for Protection of Biological and strategy was modified at the end of 2003 to Landscape Diversity (NSAP). This document was incorporate USAID’s close-out plan scheduled for the source of much of the biodiversity data used in 2007. A new biodiversity assessment is necessary the first USAID/Croatia Biodiversity Assessment. because it has been five years since the last one and a significant amendment has been made to the Although NSAP called for an update in five years, country assistance strategy - a close out plan: the lack of GoC funds prevented a new NSAP to be issued. Therefore, as a new, updated, Conducting an updated biodiversity assessment will: comprehensive biodiversity GoC document was not available during the preparation of this • Meet the Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) sections USAID/Croatia Biodiversity Assessment, its Status 117 and 119.d (1) & (2) requirements related to of Biodiversity portion will complement the previous the preparation of country development strategies study and perhaps highlight different information. or other country plans including close- out/graduation amendments to strategies. However, two red books, on birds, and plants and animals were issued since the last NASAP and • Prepare the Mission to address issues arising therefore, the chapter on flora and fauna will be under Sections 117 and 119 of the FAA by more current and detailed as new information is providing information on biodiversity and status of available. New maps illustrating biodiversity are also biodiversity conservation. available and few will be included as an annex. • Provide analyses and evaluate the impact of the Much progress has occurred on the legislative and Mission’s present activities on biodiversity institutional portions - a new law on Nature conservation as well as suggests actions that Protection has been passed, a number of new USAID could support to improve the status of sectoral strategies were developed and a number of biodiversity conservation and that could be new institutions established including the State incorporated in the Mission’s current programs Institute for Nature Protection. Details will be and activities, factoring in the close-out status of provided in the Legislative and Institutional the program. Framework portion. The first biodiversity assessment was contracted out Finally, recommendations for USAID/Croatia’s to Chemonics International, Inc. This assessment activities addressing biodiversity and environmental has been conducted by USAID/Croatia‘s concerns will be substantive and responsive to the Environmental Officer. overall Mission priorities, the needs identified will be The first biodiversity assessment for Croatia within the context of program close-out and the conducted in 2000 coincided with the compilation of Mission’s sensitivity to the environmental agenda. 3 Biodiversity Assessment Update for Croatia Photo by USAID Croatia 2. Status of Biodiversity – Landscapes, Ecosystems and Habitats Croatia remains rich in varied landscapes stable mammal populations to alluvial forests with characterized by a great diversity of ecosystems important breeding birds. Velebit remains one of and species. There are a large number of unique the most important forest areas of the endemic species as a result of the karst and karst Mediterranean bio-geographic region. Various underground - a globally significant peculiarity of marshland and aquatic habitats include some of this part of Europe. The diversity of forests is the largest internationally recognized wetland reflected in the vast mountain forests with large, areas in Europe. 2.a. Forests Croatia is a medium forested country with forests forest components show a material composition, covering the surface of 2,490,000 hectare, some which, is rare in global proportions. The wooded 44% of the total land in Croatia. areas have not decreased in the course of the last hundred years. Forests are highly threatened by The phytogeographical border crosses Croatia industrial development, transportation and modern dividing its forests into forests specific to the agriculture. The common fir is at greatest risk with Mediterranean region and forests specific to the over 70% permanently damaged, followed by European sub region of Eurosiberian and North durmast oak, common oak, common ash, black American region. The thermofiolic evergreen and pine, and common spruce and sweet chestnut. As deciduous forest (Dinaric Alps oak) occupy far as degradation of forest, Croatia ranks above approximately 800,000 hectares and the average in Europe due to excessive degradation of Eurosiberian and North American littoral beech fir. The increased construction of roads and slopes and the entire continental Croatia occupy highways has resulted in decreased woodlands 1,200,000 hectares. and in fragmentation and disruption of woodlands In European terms, the state of Croatia’s forests balance and biological unity with significant may be considered good. As many as 95% of the adverse effect on its flora and fauna. 2.b. Karst The karst (area of limestone terrain characterized Adriatic coast and reaches deeply into the by sinks, ravines and underground streams) lowlands where isolated karst patches can be occupies 54% of Croatia’s territory, representing a found. The karst phenomena and forms have part of the relief that can be found in no other part developed primarily in limestone. Croatia’s karst is of Europe but the Balkans. Further adding to its characterized also by phenomena and forms in uniqueness is that it stretches along the entire 4 Biodiversity Assessment Update for Croatia marl and sandstone rocks; or rather flysch series Karst rivers are rich in waterfalls and known for that are rare even in global proportions. travertine phenomenon resulting in formation of characteristic geomorphologic forms. The Among vegetation communities particularly penetration of water into stony substratum created prominent is mountain vegetation growing in rock caves, abysses, ice-pits including underground cracks, vegetation of coastal limestone rocks and, springs and estrevelle. There are many threats to above all, the vegetation of screes. One of the the karst rivers and underground waters as many rarest and most threatened Croatia’s plants - of the sewers are discharged directly into the Velebit Degenia - is associated with screes. A rivers. Caves are used as landfills and some are great number of relict taxa originating
Recommended publications
  • CBD First National Report

    CBD First National Report

    30 PART 1.: AN OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF BIOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY IN CROATIA Threats to biological communities in the Adriatic Anthropogenic impacts pose a constant threat to living communities in shallow coastline areas. This primarily refers to building works carried out on the coast, to backfilling and consequential mudding of some parts of the sea, to solid waste disposal and particularly to pollution by unpurified waste waters of municipal and industrial origin. These factors pose threat to living communities of supralittoral and mediolittoral zones, and especially meadows of sea flowers Posidonia oceanica and Zostera marina (Box 27) belonging to communities of the infralittoral zone. A highly intensive process of filling up the coastal sea with diverse building and earthworks wastes is adversely affecting the settlements of various algae of genus Cystoseria, including the settlements of the endemic brown alga Adriatic wrack (Fig. 46) that has almost completely disappeared from some polluted parts of the Adriatic (western coast of Istria, Split, etc.). The degradation of ecological balance of benthonic ecosystems is also a result of excessive fishing for economic and sport reasons, including the ravaging of individual divers. In the shallow sea man particularly threatens the complex communities of photophilous algae and meadows of Posidonia oceanica, while in the depths of the sea the communities of the detrital bottom are most threatened due to consequences of natural stress conditions, and the communities of the muddy bottom due to excessive trawling. The immigration (or introduction) of the tropical green algae Caulerpa in the northern Mediterranean in 1984 represents another threat to biological diversity of the Figure 48.
  • Populus Nigra Network

    Populus Nigra Network

    IN SITU CONSERVATION 79 In situ conservation Poplars and biodiversity PeterȱRotachȱ Department of Forest Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland Floodplain forests, the natural habitat of indigenous black poplar (Populus nigra L.), are among the most diverse ecosystems in Europe (Gepp et al. 1985). In Austria, for example, it was estimated that at least 12 000 species of animals and plants regularly inhabit the floodplains of the Danube (Gepp et al. 1985). According to Gerken (1988) more than 1000 species of beetles, most of the indigenous amphibians, 400–500 species of large butterflies (more than one third of all existing species) and between 150 and 200 species of birds occur in different floodplain habitats. Table 1 shows the numbers of invertebrates that have been recorded in the floodplains of the Rhine. Table 1. Number of species of invertebrates in the floodplains of the Rhine, according to Tittizer and Krebs (1996) Order Number of species Mollusca (land snails) >60 Mollusca (water snails and mussels) 30–40 Odonata (dragonflies) 50 Coleoptera (beetles) >1000 Lepidoptera (butterflies) 1000 Arachnida (spiders) >100 Many of the species are highly specialized and depend on alluvial habitats. For example, 29% of the amphibians, 27% of the carabids, 20% of the reptiles and 12% of the dragonfly species in Switzerland occur uniquely or primarily in alluvial habitats (Walter et al. 1998). Undisturbed floodplain ecosystems are not only very rich in species, but also provide a unique or very important habitat for numerous threatened species and thus play a crucial role for species conservation. For insects, mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians in Switzerland, for example, 17.5% of extinct species, 27% of those that are nearly extinct, 19% of highly threatened species and 11% of threatened species live exclusively, or primarily, in alluvial habitats (Walter et al.
  • Doktorski Študijski Program Tretje Stopnje GRAJENO OKOLJE Cycle

    Doktorski Študijski Program Tretje Stopnje GRAJENO OKOLJE Cycle

    Univerza v Ljubljani Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo Učni načrti Doktorski študijski program tretje stopnje GRAJENO OKOLJE Course Syllabi 3th cycle doctoral study programme BUILT ENVIRONMENT 2016_5 KAZALO / TABLE OF CONTENTS Obvezni predmeti/ Obligatory courses Orodja in metode v raziskovanju grajenega okolja / Tools and Methods in Research of Built Environment ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Prostorsko načrtovalsko raziskovanje / Spatial Planning Research ...................................................... 10 Raziskovanje v geodeziji / Research in Geodesy ................................................................................... 15 Izbirni predmet/Elective course Aplikativna geokemija okolja / Applied Environmental Geochemistry ................................................. 18 Bioklimatsko načrtovanje / Bioclimatic Design ..................................................................................... 21 Biotski odgovor na globalne paleoekološke spremembe / Biotic Response to Global Paleoecological Change ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Deformacijska analiza naravnega in grajenega okolja / Deformation Analysis of Natural and Built Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 27
  • Partial Flora Survey Rottnest Island Golf Course

    Partial Flora Survey Rottnest Island Golf Course

    PARTIAL FLORA SURVEY ROTTNEST ISLAND GOLF COURSE Prepared by Marion Timms Commencing 1 st Fairway travelling to 2 nd – 11 th left hand side Family Botanical Name Common Name Mimosaceae Acacia rostellifera Summer scented wattle Dasypogonaceae Acanthocarpus preissii Prickle lily Apocynaceae Alyxia Buxifolia Dysentry bush Casuarinacea Casuarina obesa Swamp sheoak Cupressaceae Callitris preissii Rottnest Is. Pine Chenopodiaceae Halosarcia indica supsp. Bidens Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia blackiana Samphire Chenopodiaceae Threlkeldia diffusa Coast bonefruit Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded samphire Chenopodiaceae Suada australis Seablite Chenopodiaceae Atriplex isatidea Coast saltbush Poaceae Sporabolis virginicus Marine couch Myrtaceae Melaleuca lanceolata Rottnest Is. Teatree Pittosporaceae Pittosporum phylliraeoides Weeping pittosporum Poaceae Stipa flavescens Tussock grass 2nd – 11 th Fairway Family Botanical Name Common Name Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded samphire Chenopodiaceae Atriplex isatidea Coast saltbush Cyperaceae Gahnia trifida Coast sword sedge Pittosporaceae Pittosporum phyliraeoides Weeping pittosporum Myrtaceae Melaleuca lanceolata Rottnest Is. Teatree Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia blackiana Samphire Central drainage wetland commencing at Vietnam sign Family Botanical Name Common Name Chenopodiaceae Halosarcia halecnomoides Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded samphire Chenopodiaceae Sarcocornia blackiana Samphire Poaceae Sporobolis virginicus Cyperaceae Gahnia Trifida Coast sword sedge
  • 02. CENTAUREA.Indd

    02. CENTAUREA.Indd

    ActaCentaurea Botanica sect. MalacitanaCyanus en la 35. Península 23-55 Ibérica Málaga, 201023 REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA DEL COMPLEJO DE CENTAUREA CYANUS L. (CENTAUREA SECT. CYANUS, ASTERACEAE) EN LA PENÍNSULA IBÉRICA Adolfo Francisco MUÑOZ1 y Juan Antonio DEVESA2* Dirección de los autores.1Departamento de Biología Ambiental y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Avenida de la Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071-Badajoz, España 2Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio José Celestino Mutis, ctra. de Madrid km. 396, 14071-Córdoba, y Jardín Botánico de Córdoba, Avda. de Linneo s/n, 14004-Córdoba, España. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Recibido el 1 de septiembre de 2010, aceptado para su publicación el 10 de octubre de 2010 RESUMEN. Revisión taxonómica del complejo de Centaurea cyanus L. (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica. Se ha efectuado la revisión taxonómica de Centaurea sect. Cyanus en la Península Ibérica. Se reconocen seis táxones y se hacen dos nuevas combinaciones: C. triumfettii var. semidecurrens (Jord.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa y C. graminifolia (Lam.) Muñoz Rodr. & Devesa. Se aporta una clave para la identificación de los táxones, así como su descripción morfológica e información sobre la distribución geográfica, apetencias ecológicas, fenología y número cromosómico. Palabras clave. Asteraceae, Centaurea, corología, taxonomía, Península Ibérica. ABSTRACT. Taxonomic revision of the Centaurea cyanus L. complex (Centaurea sect. Cyanus, Asteraceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. A taxonomic review of Centaurea sect. Cyanus in the Iberian Peninsula was done. Six taxa are recognized and two new combinations are proposed: C. triumfetti var.
  • Systematic Studies of the South African Campanulaceae Sensu Stricto with an Emphasis on Generic Delimitations

    Systematic Studies of the South African Campanulaceae Sensu Stricto with an Emphasis on Generic Delimitations

    Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido Thesis presented for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Botany Town UNIVERSITY OF CAPECape TOWN of September 2009 University Roella incurva Merciera eckloniana Microcodon glomeratus Prismatocarpus diffusus Town Wahlenbergia rubioides Cape of Wahlenbergia paniculata (blue), W. annularis (white) Siphocodon spartioides University Rhigiophyllum squarrosum Wahlenbergia procumbens Representatives of Campanulaceae diversity in South Africa ii Town Dedicated to Ursula, Denroy, Danielle and my parents Cape of University iii Town DECLARATION Cape I confirm that this is my ownof work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. University Christopher N Cupido Cape Town, September 2009 iv Systematic studies of the South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto with an emphasis on generic delimitations Christopher Nelson Cupido September 2009 ABSTRACT The South African Campanulaceae sensu stricto, comprising 10 genera, represent the most diverse lineage of the family in the southern hemisphere. In this study two phylogenies are reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. A family-level phylogeny was estimated to test the monophyly and time of divergence of the South African lineage. This analysis, based on a published ITS phylogeny and an additional ten South African taxa, showed a strongly supported South African clade sister to the campanuloids.
  • The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals

    The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals

    THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod AN E AN R R E IT MED The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organizations, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Red List logo: © 2008 Citation: Temple, H.J. and Cuttelod, A. (Compilers). 2009. The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK : IUCN. vii+32pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1163-8 Cover design: Cambridge Publishers Cover photo: Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus © Antonio Rivas/P. Ex-situ Lince Ibérico All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details).
  • Controlled Animals

    Controlled Animals

    Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3.
  • A Year on the Vasse-Wonnerup Wetlands

    A Year on the Vasse-Wonnerup Wetlands

    Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Department of Water and Environmental Regulation A Year on the Vasse-Wonnerup Wetlands An Ecological Snapshot March 2017—January 2018 W IN N T M E U R T U A S P R R I N E G M M U S Musk duck (Biziura lobata) (Photo: Mark Oliver) The Vasse-Wonnerup Wetlands The conservation values of the Vasse-Wonnerup wetlands are recognised on a local, state, national and international level. The wetlands provide habitat to thousands of Australian and migratory water birds as well as supporting the largest breeding population of black swans in the state. In 1990 the wetlands were recognised as a ‘Wetland of International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention. The wetlands are also one of the most nutrient enriched wetlands in Western Australia, characterised by extensive macroalgae and phytoplankton blooms and occasional major fish kills. Poor water quality in the wetlands is a major concern for the local community. Over the past four years scientists have been working together to investigate options to improve water quality in the wetlands by monitoring seawater inflows through the Vasse surge barrier and modelling options to increase water levels and flows into the Vasse estuary. These trials have successfully shown that seawater inflows can reduce the incidence of harmful phytoplankton blooms and improve conditions for fish in the Vasse Estuary Channel over summer months. What isn’t as well understood is how these management approaches and subsequent increased water levels may impact on the broader wetland system, especially how the ecology of the wetlands responds to changes in the timing and volume of seawater inflow through the surge barriers.
  • Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus Campanula (Campanulaceae)

    Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus Campanula (Campanulaceae)

    plants Article Differential Evolutionary History in Visual and Olfactory Floral Cues of the Bee-Pollinated Genus Campanula (Campanulaceae) Paulo Milet-Pinheiro 1,*,† , Pablo Sandro Carvalho Santos 1, Samuel Prieto-Benítez 2,3, Manfred Ayasse 1 and Stefan Dötterl 4 1 Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee, 89081 Ulm, Germany; [email protected] (P.S.C.S.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] 3 Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain 4 Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † Present address: Universidade de Pernambuco, Campus Petrolina, Rodovia BR 203, KM 2, s/n, Petrolina 56328-900, Brazil. Abstract: Visual and olfactory floral signals play key roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, studies investigating the evolution of either of these signals have increased considerably. However, there are large gaps in our understanding of whether or not these two cue modalities evolve in a concerted manner. Here, we characterized the visual (i.e., color) and olfactory (scent) floral cues in bee-pollinated Campanula species by spectrophotometric and chemical methods, respectively, with Citation: Milet-Pinheiro, P.; Santos, the aim of tracing their evolutionary paths. We found a species-specific pattern in color reflectance P.S.C.; Prieto-Benítez, S.; Ayasse, M.; and scent chemistry.
  • Asteraceae), Turkey

    Asteraceae), Turkey

    Mellifera 2018. 18(2):15-25 MELLIFERA RESEARCH ARTICLE Pollen and Achene Morphology of Some Cyanus L. Taxa (Asteraceae), Turkey Halime ATAR1*. Barış BANİ1. Talip ÇETER1 1 Kastamonu University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, Kastamonu, Turkey *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Received: 05th December, 2018; accepted: 15th December, 2018; published: 28th December, 2018 A B S T R A C T Cyanus is a genus of family Asteraceae. 20 taxa belonging to Cyanus distributes in Turkey and 9 of them are endemics. In this study, pollen morphology and achene micro and macro morphology of 4 taxa belonging to Cyanus (C. depressus, C. triumfettii, C. pichleri subsp. pichleri, C. lanigerus) were investigated. The aim of the study was to determine taxonomic value of pollen and achene micro characteristic. Pollen grains of Cyanus taxa observed as isopolar, radially symmetric, with tricolporate aperture and subprolate pollen shape. Polar axis range between 36 -55.8 µm while equatorial axis between 27.8-47 µm. C. lanigerus pollen measured as biggest pollen wile C. depressus pollen is the smallest. Pollen surface ornamentation determined as scabrate. The achene shape was observed as ovoid and oblong in studied taxa. SEM results showed tha t the achene surface had a striate-psilate sculpture and was depressed on both lateral surfaces, without rare hairs. The Achene length (4-5mm), width (1.6-2.4 mm) and pappus length (1-6.4 mm) ranges differed significantly. 15 C. triumfettii achene determined as smallest (4.0 mm) in length with the smallest (1.1 mm) pappus while C.
  • Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae

    Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae

    The LepidopterologicalSocietyLepidopterological Society of Japan eeLwt 7)izns. gopid. Soc. ]mpan 47 (4): Z78-284, December 1996 Ice-inoculation avoidance in hibernating larya of Apatura metis (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) Kazuo HosHIKAWA Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu, Matsue City, 690 Japan m320C Abstract Larvae of APatuva metis hibernating in Hokkaido froze at spontaneously, -70C while they were frozen at when ice-inocurated. Although the frozen larvae toleratecl -19'C down to for 24 hrs, yet they avoided inoculative freezing by two ways: 1) to prevent water invasion onto ventraHntegument, through which ice-inoculation occurred, by lateral hairs and silken mat, 2) to choose hibernating site on east-northern surface of host tree trunk, where inoculation should hardly occur. The larvae accumulated glycerol in haemolymph to the amount of 6.5% of fresh body weight, together with O.5% trehalose. For comparison, cold resistance in larvae of Sasakia charondu hibernating in Iitter layer was also studied. They showed no inoculation avoidance de$pite re]atively weak ability of freezing resistance, and cuntained trehalose (1.4%) but no glycerol. Key words Cold resistance, ice-inoculation avoidanee, hibernation, APatum metis, SUsakia charondke. Introduction Most insects hibernating above the ground in temperate or cold regions are exposed to coldness, more or Iess, hence they have developed abirities for cold resistance. Apart from co]d avoidance by migration or microhabitat selection (Hoshikawa et al., 1988), cold resistance has been studied along two lines : supercooling and freezing resistance (Asahina, 1969; Tsumuki, 1988; Leather et al,, 1993). And once acquired enough cold resistance, hibernating period is regarded as relatively safe and stable season in terms of population dynamics (Sakagami et al., 1984).