Appendix I: Starling's Publications
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Bloomsbury Scientists Ii Iii
i Bloomsbury Scientists ii iii Bloomsbury Scientists Science and Art in the Wake of Darwin Michael Boulter iv First published in 2017 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.ucl.ac.uk/ ucl- press Text © Michael Boulter, 2017 Images courtesy of Michael Boulter, 2017 A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: Michael Boulter, Bloomsbury Scientists. London, UCL Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787350045 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 006- 9 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 005- 2 (pbk) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 004- 5 (PDF) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 007- 6 (epub) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 008- 3 (mobi) ISBN: 978- 1- 78735- 009- 0 (html) DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111.9781787350045 v In memory of W. G. Chaloner FRS, 1928– 2016, lecturer in palaeobotany at UCL, 1956– 72 vi vii Acknowledgements My old writing style was strongly controlled by the measured precision of my scientific discipline, evolutionary biology. It was a habit that I tried to break while working on this project, with its speculations and opinions, let alone dubious data. But my old practices of scientific rigour intentionally stopped personalities and feeling showing through. -
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh
August and Marie Krogh August and Marie Krogh LIVES IN SCIENCE Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen, Dr. Odont, Dr. phil. Professor Emeritus and Aqjunct Professor, Department of Physiology, University of Florida SPRINGER NEW YORK 1995 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin lbadan Copyright © 1995 by the American Physiological Society Originally published by American Physiological Society in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidt-Nielsen, Bodil. August and Marie Krogh : lives in science by Bodil Schmidt-Nielsen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4614-7530-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7530-9 1. Krogh, August, 1874-1949. 2. Krogh, Marie, 1874-1943. 3. Physiologists-Denmark-Biography. I. Title. QP26.K76S35 1995 591.1'092-dc20 [B] 94-20655 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Preface When my father August Krogh died in 1949, 1 was with him in Den mark. My stay in Denmark was prolonged for another two months due to a concussion 1 sustained in an automobile accident, which occurred shortly after his death. -
DMJ.1936.2.1.A02.Young.Pdf (3.644Mb)
DALHOUSIE MEDICAL JOURNAL 5 A Memorable Conference THE HARVARD TERCENTENARY 1636 - 1936 E. GORDON YOUNG, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S.C. OMEONE has said that the most valuable and rarest thing in the world S is a new idea. It is the verdict or the intellectual world of science, of art and of music that progress centres largely about the thoughts ex pressed by the few great minds of the centuries. The work of the scientists of the world has been likened to a great canvas, the subject of which has been chosen by the few and the first bold lines inserted, but the great mass of colour and detail has been supplied by the many faithful apprentices. It was most fitting that the oldest and greatest of American Universities should celebrate its three hundredth birthday in an intellec tual feast and that it should invite to its table as leaders of conversation the greatest minds of the world in those subjects which were proposed for discussion. Harvard.!J.as a magnificent record of intellectual tolerance and its hospitality was open to individuals of all nationalities and all re- ligious and political creeds. To Cambridge thus in the early days of September, 1936, there came, by invitation, a group of about two thousand five hundred American and Canadian scholars to participate in a memorable series of symposia led by a special group of sixty-seven eminent scientists and men of letters from fifteen different countries. These included no fewer than eleven men who had the greatest single distinction in the realms of science and of letters, the Nobel Prize. -
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doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/1806-8774.2009v11pT1 ARBS Annual Review of Biomedical Sciences Theme Topic on “Cell Receptors and Signaling” pdf freely available at http://arbs.biblioteca.unesp.br 2009;11:T1-T50 Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors Alexander G Karczmar* Research Service, Edward J. Hines VA Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, Loyola U. Medical Center, IL, USA Received: 23 October 2009; accepted 22 December 2009 Online on 21 February 2010 .Abstract Karczmar AG.. Story of Muscarinic Receptors, Alkaloids with Muscarinic Significance and of Muscarinic Functions and Behaviors. Annu Rev Biomed Sci 2009;11:T1-T50. This review of the studies of the muscarinic receptors, their synaptic activities and their functional and behavioral roles will begin with the history of the research of the autonomic and central nervous systems and their transmitters, the development of the notion of the receptor, and the tale of the significance of muscarine and other alkaloids as well as of organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterases for these studies; we will then segue into the modern status of muscarinic receptors and of their functional and behavioral expression. © by São Paulo State University – ISSN 1806-8774 Keywords: muscarinic, cholinesterase, cholinergic, nicotinic, curare, atropine, behavior Table of Contents 1. Early Story of the Autonomic and Central Nervous System 2. The Early Story of Pharmacologically Active Alkaloids and of OP AntiChEs 3. From Gaskell’s and Langley’s Definition of Autonomic Nervous System to Loewi’s Demonstration of Peripheral Chemical, Cholinergic Transmission 4. Eccles’s Demonstration of Central Chemical, Cholinergic Transmission and Immediate Post-Ecclessian Studies of Central Nicotinic and Muscarinic Transmission 5. -
100858 AVANCES 26 5Indd
avances en Diabetología Av Diabetol. 2010;26:373-82 Historical perspective From pancreatic extracts to artificial pancreas: history, science and controversies about the discovery of the pancreatic antidiabetic hormone V: The controversy. Who discovered insulin? A. de Leiva-Pérez1, E. Brugués-Brugués1,2, A. de Leiva-Hidalgo1,2,3,4 1Fundación DIABEM. 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición e Instituto de Investigación. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3Centro de Historia de la Ciencia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 4CIBER-BBN-ISCIII The Nobel Prize controversy were provided by two members of the objection was to making an award on “he- The 1923 Nobel Award Nobel Committee: John Sjöqvist, Profes- resy evidence” from unknown persons or of Physiology or Medicine sor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Hans on statements in the two appraisals, like In April 1923, a total of 57 nominations Christian Jacobaeus, Professor of Internal “it is beyond doubt”, or comments as with merits were reviewed by the Nobel Medicine. Sjökvist arrived to the same ”things that are thought as very possible”; Committee. The examiners concluded conclusion as A. Krogh: the prize should the Assembly should take only verifi able that the discovery of insulin was of funda- be divided between Banting and Macleod. facts. The Committee reconsidered and mental importance. The archives of the Professor Göran Liljstrand was the Secre- reconfirmed its previous recommenda- Karolinska Institute depict that Macleod tary of the Nobel Committee from 1918 to tion. August Krogh was identifi ed as the and Banting were nominated for the fi rst 1960. He was a great friend of August source of the “heresy evidence”; he time in 1923: Banting by G.W. -
Balcomk41251.Pdf (558.9Kb)
Copyright by Karen Suzanne Balcom 2005 The Dissertation Committee for Karen Suzanne Balcom Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine Committee: E. Glynn Harmon, Supervisor Julie Hallmark Billie Grace Herring James D. Legler Brooke E. Sheldon Discovery and Information Use Patterns of Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine by Karen Suzanne Balcom, B.A., M.L.S. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2005 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my first teachers: my father, George Sheldon Balcom, who passed away before this task was begun, and to my mother, Marian Dyer Balcom, who passed away before it was completed. I also dedicate it to my dissertation committee members: Drs. Billie Grace Herring, Brooke Sheldon, Julie Hallmark and to my supervisor, Dr. Glynn Harmon. They were all teachers, mentors, and friends who lifted me up when I was down. Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my committee: Julie Hallmark, Billie Grace Herring, Jim Legler, M.D., Brooke E. Sheldon, and Glynn Harmon for their encouragement, patience and support during the nine years that this investigation was a work in progress. I could not have had a better committee. They are my enduring friends and I hope I prove worthy of the faith they have always showed in me. I am grateful to Dr. -
Krogh's Principle for Musculoskeletal Physiology and Pathology
Journal of Musculoskeletal J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2018; 18(3):284-291 and Neuronal Interactions Perspective Article Krogh’s principle for musculoskeletal physiology and pathology Seth W. Donahue Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, USA Abstract August Krogh was a comparative physiologist who used frogs, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and horses in his research that led to his Nobel Prize on muscle physiology. His idea to choose the most relevant organism to study problems in physiology has become known as Krogh’s principle. Indeed, many important discoveries in physiology have been made using naturally occurring animal models. However, the majority of research today utilizes laboratory mouse and rat models to study problems in physiology. This paper discusses how Krogh’s principle can be invoked in musculoskeletal research as a complementary approach to using standard laboratory rodent models for solving problems in musculoskeletal physiology. This approach may increase our ability to treat musculoskeletal diseases clinically. For example, it has been noted that progress in osteogenesis imperfecta research has been limited by the absence of a naturally occurring animal model. Several examples of naturally occurring animal models are discussed including osteoarthritis and osteosarcoma in dogs, resistance to disuse induced bone and skeletal muscle loss in mammalian hibernators, and bone phenotypic plasticity in fish lacking osteocytes. Many musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis) occur naturally in companion animals, which may provide clues on etiology and progression of musculoskeletal diseases and accelerate the development of pharmaceutical therapies for humans. Keywords: Animal Models, Comparative Physiology, Companion Animals, Evolutionary Physiology, Musculoskeletal August Krogh: his research and his principle plant, insect, amphibian, bird, mammal) to study problems in physiology. -
Curt Von Euler 528
EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Albert J. Aguayo Bernice Grafstein Theodore Melnechuk Dale Purves Gordon M. Shepherd Larry W. Swanson (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 1 Edited by Larry R. Squire SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE 1996 Washington, D.C. Society for Neuroscience 1121 14th Street, NW., Suite 1010 Washington, D.C. 20005 © 1996 by the Society for Neuroscience. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 96-70950 ISBN 0-916110-51-6 Contents Denise Albe-Fessard 2 Julius Axelrod 50 Peter O. Bishop 80 Theodore H. Bullock 110 Irving T. Diamond 158 Robert Galambos 178 Viktor Hamburger 222 Sir Alan L. Hodgkin 252 David H. Hubel 294 Herbert H. Jasper 318 Sir Bernard Katz 348 Seymour S. Kety 382 Benjamin Libet 414 Louis Sokoloff 454 James M. Sprague 498 Curt von Euler 528 John Z. Young 554 Curt von Euler BORN: Stockholm County, Sweden October 22, 1918 EDUCATION: Karolinska Institute, B.M., 1940 Karolinska Institute, M.D., 1945 Karolinska Institute, Ph.D., 1947 APPOINTMENTS: Karolinska Institute (1948) Professor Emeritus, Karolinska Institute (1985) HONORS AND AWARDS (SELECTED): Norwegian Academy of Sciences (foreign member) Curt von Euler conducted pioneering work on the central control of motor systems, brain mechanisms of thermoregulation, and on neural systems that control respiration. Curt von Euler Background ow did I come to devote my life to neurophysiology rather than to a clinical discipline? Why, in the first place, did I choose to study H medicine rather than another branch of biology or other subjects within the natural sciences? And what guided me to make the turns on the road and follow what appeared to be bypaths? There are no simple answers to such questions, but certainly a number of accidental circum- stances have intervened in important ways. -
Back Matter (PDF)
INDEX to VOL. CII. (A) Absorption bands, wave-lengtli measurement of (Hartridge), 575. Address of the President, 1922, 373. a- and /3-rays, theory of scattering (Jeans), 437. a-particle passing through matter, changes in charge of (Henderson), 496. «-ray, loss of energy of, in passage through matter (Kapitza), 48. a-ray photographs, analysis of (Blackett), 294. Aluminium crystal, distortion during tensile test (Taylor and Elam), 643. Argon, ionisation by electron collisions (Horton and Davies), 131. Armstrong (E. F.) and Hilditch (T. P.) A Study of Catalytic Action at Solid Surfaces.— Part VIII, 21 ; Part IX, 27. Astbury (W. T.) The Crystalline Structure and Properties of Tartaric Acid, 506. Atmosphere, outer, and theory of meteors (Lindemann and Dobson), 411. Atmospheric disturbances, directional observations of (Watt), 460. Atomic hydrogen, incandescence in (Wood), 1. Backliurst (I.) Variation of the Intensity of Reflected X-radiation with the Tem perature of the Crystal, 340. Bakerian Lecture (Taylor and Elam), 643. Berry (A.) and Swain (L. M.) On the Steady Motion of a Cylinder through Infinite Viscous Fluid, 766. /3-rays, scattering of (Wilson), 9. Blackett (P. M. S.) On the Analysis of u-Ray Photographs, 294. Brodetsky (S.) The Line of Action of the Resultant Pressure in Discontinuous Fluid Motion, 361 ; ----- Discontinuous Fluid Motion past Circular and Elliptic Cylinders 542. Cale (F. M.) See McLennan and Cale. Campbell (J. H. P.) See Whytlaw-Gray. Carbon arc ultra-violet spectrum (Simeon), 484. Catalytic Action (Armstrong and Hilditch), 21, 27. Christie (Sir W.) Obituary notice of, xi. Clark (M. L.) See McLennan and Clark. Colloidal behaviour, theory of (Hill), 705. -
Historical Development and Ethical Considerations of Vivisectionist and Antivivisectionist Movement*
JAHR Vol. 3 No. 6 2012 UDK 179.4 Invited review Bruno Atalić* Historical development and ethical considerations of vivisectionist and antivivisectionist movement* Abstract This review presents historical development and ethical considerations of vivisectionist and antivivisectionist movement. In this respect it shows that both movements were not just characteristic for the past one hundred years, but that they were present since the beginning of medical development. It, thus, re-evaluates the accepted notions of the earlier authors. On this track it suggests that neither movement was victorious in the end, as it could be seen from the current regulations of animal experiments. Finally, it puts both movements into a wider context by examining the connection between antivivisectionism and utilitarianism on the one hand, and vivisectionism and experimentalism on the other hand. Key words: vivisectionism; antivivisectionism; bioethics; utilitarianism; experimentalism Introduction This review will try to present historical development and ethical considerations of vivisectionist and antivivisectionist movement in order to re-evaluate the accepted notions of the earlier authors. Firstly, it evaluates the Lansbury's notion that anti- vivisectionism was characteristic for the North European Protestant countries like England and Sweden, while vivisectionism was characteristic for the South Europe- an Catholic countries like France and Italy.1 Then, it proceeds to the Mason's over- 1 Lansbury C. The Old Brown Dog – Women, Workers, and Vivisection -
British Medical Journal London Saturday June 4 1955
BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LONDON SATURDAY JUNE 4 1955 SIR HENRY DALE'S CONTRIBUTION TO PHYSIOLOGY* BY LORD ADRIAN, O.M., M1D., F.R.C.P., P.R.S. Master of Trinity College, Cambridge There is no one who could write adequately about the pharmacologists, organic chemists, and clinicians on whole field of Sir Henry Dale's scientific work, but no their own ground; he could use their methods as well one can write about any part of it without feeling that as speak their language, and could see the bearing of a in this case our conventional labels and signposts are a discovery in one department on the advance of another. mistake. Certainly he began in the early years of this But the marvel has been that he can still do so in spite century with work which would then have ranked as of all the expansion of medical science in this half- physiology, and he is now century, the entry of bio- regarded by physiologists _ chemistry and physical in every part of the world chemistry, the multiplica- with the affectionate vener- tion of hormones and vita- ation we reserve for our mins and enzymes, and the greatest masters. But his proliferation of technical first researches could be terms and methods of claimed now by the anato- every sort. The great mists, his major contribu- triumphs of chemotherapy tions have- enriched the been in the field O | 1have fields of pharmacology which he knows best, but and therapeutics, and, as it is difficult to think of head of the National Insti- any in which he cannot tute for Medical Research still hold his own. -
What's in a Name? Henry Dale and Adrenaline, 1906
Medical History, 1995, 39: 459-476 What's in a Name? Henry Dale and Adrenaline, 1906 E M TANSEY* By the beginning of the twentieth century the use of widespread advertising, trade names, and specialized marketing techniques was a distinctive feature of the commercial world. These attributes were well developed in the trade in medicines, a field that ranged from quack cures and secret remedies through proprietary brands to "ethical pharmacy".1 The British pharmaceutical firm, Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. had, by that time, achieved considerable success in promoting itself as an ethical company guided by scientific principles and remote from the quackery and chicanery of pill peddlers and nostrum- mongers. A component of that ethical behaviour was the maintenance of their own production and advertising standards and the proper recognition of others' commercial rights. In the final decade of the nineteenth century Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. had established quasi-independent laboratories, the Wellcome Physiological Research Laboratories (WPRL), in which physiologists and pharmacologists were employed to undertake basic research not directly or necessarily associated with the company's commercial enterprises. One such scientist was the future Nobel Laureate Henry Dale, who in 1906 wished to publish a paper in which the word "adrenaline" appeared.2 This was then the commonly accepted term, within Britain's physiological community, for the active principle of the suprarenal gland. However, the word "Adrenalin" was a registered trademark of the American pharmaceutical firm Parke, Davis & Co., and Dale's intended use was forbidden by Henry Wellcome. Dale and his colleagues refused to accept this injunction, and the ensuing debates raised important issues within the Wellcome *E M Tansey, BSc, PhD, PhD, Wellcome Institute Professor W F Bynum, Dr S P Lock, Professor J for the History of Medicine, 183 Euston Road, Parascandola and Professor M Weatherall for their London NW1 2BE.