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Ixelles Elsene L’archéologie préventive en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale IXELLES Preventieve archeologie in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ELSENE Au cœur de lA vAllée du MAelbeek In het hArt vAn de MaalbeekvAlleI La carte archéologique d’Ixelles – où sont recensés De archeologische kaart van Elsene – waarop een une cinquantaine de sites et de découvertes – montre vijftigtal sites en ontdekkingen aangeduid staan – toont combien la commune occupe une position importante heel goed de belangrijke positie die de gemeente innam dans la vallée du Maelbeek. La création du village in de Maalbeekvallei. Het ontstaan van het dorp en de et la fondation de l’abbaye de la Cambre sont en stichting van de Ter Kamerenabdij zijn dan ook onlos- effet indissociables de la rivière et des étangs qu’elle makelijk verbonden met deze beek en de vijvers die alimentait. L’environnement était aussi marqué par ze voedde. De omgeving kenmerkte zich ook door het la forêt de Soignes qui s’étendait jusqu’aux portes du Zoniënwoud, dat zich uitstrekte tot vlak tegen de abdij. In monastère. Ce paysage a subi de profondes mutations de tweede helft van de 19e eeuw ondergaat dit landschap dans la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle, au moment echter zeer ingrijpende wijzigingen, door onder andere du voûtement du Maelbeek et lors du percement de overwelving van de Maalbeek en de aanleg van de l’avenue Louise reliant le centre-ville au bois de de Louizalaan. Deze laatste werd aangelegd om het la Cambre. stadscentrum te verbinden met het Ter Kamerenbos. Chemin de fer de Bruxelles de fer de Chemin rue du Trône ch. de Wavre ch. d'Ixelles Site archéologique Archeologische site Stassartstraat Herdersstr. r. du Berger Waversesteenweg Prinstr. vers Luxembourg localisé avec plan gelokaliseerd met plan Elsensesteenweg Koninklijke Viaducstraat r. de l'Arbre bénit Troonstraat r. de Stassart r. du Prince Royal Graystraat localisé sans plan gelokaliseerd zonder plan place F. Cocq- rue du Viaduc plein av. de la Couronne Gewijdeboomstr. non localisé niet gelokaliseerd r. J. d'Ardennestr. rue de Theuxstraat Kruisstraat ch. d'Ixelles Dambeek Site archéologique potentiel Mogelijke archeologische site r. de la Croix r. des Brouwerijstr. Vergniesstr. Kruitsstraat Découverte isolée Geïsoleerde vondst av. de la Couronne r. Veydtstr. Maelbeek r. des Liègeois rue Gray rue de l'Ermitage r. du Cygnes r. de la Brasserie r. A. Hottatstr. r. A. Gironstr. place Luikenaarsstr. Zone d'extension du site archéologique Uitbreidingszone van de archeologische site r. Defacqzstr. Roodebeek r. Lesbroussartstr. E. Flagey plein r. Dautzenbergstr. a Réseau hydrographique ancien Oud waterwegennet v . Vleurgatsesteenweg d e s É p e place rue Gachardstraat r r. Lanfraystr. d A. Sax ’ O r ch. de Boondael plein G u Oude weg r. A. Campenhoutstr. l Ancien chemin d . r. de l'Acqueduc ch. de Vleurgat S p o av. G. Macauln r e n ln rue Américaine Waterleidingsstraat Roodebeek r. V. Greysonstr. Gen. Jacqueslaan r. J. Wytsmanstr. Ancien cimetière Oud kerkhof Kroonlaan av. de l'Hippodrome Amerikastraat r. G. Biotstr. place Maliestraat A. Leemans plein Maelbeek r.du Bourgmestre Spoorweg van Brussel naar Luxemburg ch. de Waterloo Boondaalsesteenweg rue du Mail Burgemeestersstr. L. Lepoutrelaan av. G. Bernierln Renbaanlaan Vleurgatsesteenweg r. C. Lemonnierstr. rue de l'Abbaye av . E . rue C. Franckstraat Abdijstraat D av. L. Lepoutre u r r. A. Renardstr. a y l a a n ch. de Boondael r. Gén. Thysstr. Waterloosesteenweg rue P. Lautersstr. St-Jorisstraat place av. A. Buyl ch. de Vleurgat de ch. Brugmann r. J-B. Colynsstr. bd. Gén. Jacques plein r. St-Georges av. A. Fraiteurlaan A. Buyllaan Boondaalsesteenweg av. du Pesage Waaglaan av. G. Bergmannlaan VeeweydebeekTer Kamerenboslaan ch. de Boitsfort av. du Bois de La Cambre av. d'Italie N av. du Derby Italielaan Bosvoordsesteenweg Derbylaan 1 1 Carte des sites et des découvertes archéologiques. Kaart van de archeologische vindplaatsen en vondsten. 2 Église Notre-Dame, l’ancienne abbatiale de la Cambre, 2008. De Onze-Lieve-Vrouwkerk, de oude abdijkerk van Ter Kameren, 2008. 3 La ferme du Wijmbroec, 1708 (AGR). De hoeve Wijmbroec, 1708 (AR). 3 4 Le château-ferme de Tenbosch, vers 1750 (AGR). De kasteelhoeve van Tenbosch omstreeks 1750 (AR). 5 Les derniers bâtiments de l’hof ten Zwaenenberg, rue des Liégeois, avant leur destruction en 1912 (ACI). 6 De resterende gebouwen van het Hof ten Zwaenenberg in de Luikenaarsstraat, voor hun afbraak in 1912 (GAE). 2 6 Lames retouchées en silex trouvées à hauteur de la rue de Vergnies, Néolithique. Geretoucheerde klingen in silex, gevonden ter hoogte van de Vergniesstraat, neolithicum. 7 Percuteur en silex découvert près de la place E. Flagey à la fin du XIXe siècle, Néolithique. Chopper in silex, gevonden op het einde van de 19e eeuw nabij het E. Flageyplein, neolithicum. 4 5 7 Atlas van de archeologische ondergrond van het Gewest Brussel – Atlas du sous-sol archéologique de la Région de Bruxelles – Atlas van de archeologische ondergrond van het Gewest Brussel – Atlas du sous-sol archéologique de la Région de Bruxelles www.monument.irisnet.be L’archéologie préventive en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale IXELLES Preventieve archeologie in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ELSENE de lA porte de Namur à boondAel Van de Naamsepoort tot boondaal Le village d’Ixelles s’est développé avant le XIIIe siècle autour de l’actuelle place E. Flagey. On trouvait là non seulement une chapelle dédiée à la Sainte-Croix, un cimetière, un hospice, mais aussi un moulin à eau, une série d’auberges et de brasseries. Le hameau de Boondael – où quelques bâtiments ruraux s’observent encore à proximité de la chapelle Saint-Adrien – s’est sans doute constitué à la même époque. Dès la fin du XIVe siècle, un faubourg se développa devant la porte de Namur ; l’habitat ne cessa ensuite de se développer le long de la chaussée d’Ixelles, reliant les abords de l’enceinte urbaine au village. 1 Het dorp Elsene ontstond voor de 13e eeuw rond het huidige E. Flageyplein. Men trof er niet alleen een kapel – gewijd aan het Heilig Kruis – een kerkhof en een godshuis aan, maar ook een watermolen, enkele herbergen en verschillende brouwerijen. Het gehucht Boondaal – waar nog steeds een aantal landelijke gebouwen zichtbaar zijn nabij de Sint-Adriaankapel – ontstond wellicht in dezelfde periode. Vanaf het einde van de 14e eeuw zal er zich geleidelijk aan een buitenwijk ontwikkelen vlak voor de Naamsepoort. Nadien zal de bewoning zich verder uitbreiden langs de Elsensesteenweg, zodat het dorp van Elsene als het ware verbonden wordt met de stadsmuur. chaussée d'Ixelles rue Scarronstraat 2 3 r. Henninstr. r. Wérystr. r. rue de Vergnies rue Dillensstraat r. de l'Ermitage Kluisstr. r. de la Levure Giststr. de Vergniesstr. rue Malibranstraat rue Graystraat Elsensesteenweg Maelbeek r. du Serpentin Zwanenstr. r. des Cygnes Damstr. rue Van Elewyckstraat Brouwerijstraat Roodebeek place r. de la Digue rue Lesbroussartstraat E. Flagey Spiraalbuisstr. rue de la Brasserie plein chaussée de Kuipstr. r. de la Cuve Boondael Belvédèrestr. place rue du Nid Vleurgatsesteenweg Sainte-Croix r. du Belvédère Heilig-Kruis plein r. A. De Wittestr. Boondaalsesteenweg Neststraat rue Lannoystr. rue Lanfray Lanfraystr. Maelbeek chaussée de Vleurgat 4 0 125 m 5 6 1 La chapelle Sainte-Croix, avant 1864 (ACI). 3 Squelettes mis au jour sur le site de l’ancien cimetière, 5 Maisons en bordure de la chaussée d’Ixelles, XVIIIe siècle (AGR). De oude Heilig-Kruiskerk, voor 1864 (GAE). place E. Flagey, 2003. Huizen langs de Elsensesteenweg, 18e eeuw (AR). Skelet op het voormalige kerkhof gevonden tijdens 2 Bouteille en grès découverte rue Gray, opgravingen op het E. Flageyplein, 2003. 6 L’Auberge de Boondael, square du Vieux-Tilleul, 2005. Moyen Âge/Temps Modernes (MVB). De herberg Boondaal, Oude-Lindesquare, 2005. Fles uit steengoed gevonden in de Graystraat, 4 Le village d’Ixelles. Extrait de la carte des sites middeleeuwen/nieuwe tijd (MSB). et des découvertes archéologiques. Het dorp Elsene. Detail uit de kaart van de archeologische vindplaatsen en vondsten. Atlas du sous-sol archéologique het Gewest Brussel – Atlas du sous-sol archéologique de la Région de Bruxelles – Atlas van de archeologische ondergrond van het Gewest Brussel – Atlas du sous-sol archéologique de la Région de Bruxelles – Atlas van de archeologische ondergrond van het Gewest Brussel – chRégio www.monument.irisnet.be L’archéologie préventive en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale IXELLES Preventieve archeologie in het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ELSENE La Cambre une AbbAye pérIurbaine ter Kameren een AbdIj aan de rAnd vAn de stAd L’ancienne abbaye cistercienne de la Cambre est l’ensemble monastique le mieux conservé en région bruxelloise. L’église abbatiale, le cloître et bien d’autres bâtiments permettent de se rendre compte de l’orga nisation d’un grand monastère périurbain à la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Fondée au début du XIIIe siècle et supprimée en 1796, l’abbaye est désormais occupée par une école d’art, un institut cartographique et la paroisse Notre-Dame. Des fouilles et des sondages archéologiques – notamment au niveau de l’ancien réfectoire et des jardins –, de même qu’une série d’analyses dendrochronologiques des charpentes, ont permis d’affiner certaines datations. 1 De oude cisterciënzerabdij van Ter Kameren is de best bewaarde abdij in het Brussels Gewest. Dankzij de vele bewaarde gebouwen, zoals de abdijkerk, het klooster en de vele bijgebouwen, kunnen we ons een beeld vormen van de organisatie van een grote abdij buiten de stad, op het einde van het Ancien Régime. Ze werd gesticht in het begin van de 13e eeuw, en opgeheven in 1796. Vandaag is er een kunstschool gevestigd, een geo- grafisch instituut, alsook de Onze-Lieve-Vrouwparochie. 2 Archeologisch onder zoek, ter hoogte van de oude eetzaal en de tuinen, en dendrochronologisch onderzoek van de dakgebinten, stelden onderzoekers in staat om de datering scherp te stellen.
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