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THUBAN the Star Thuban in the Constellation Draco (The Dragon) Was the North Pole Star Some 5,000 Years Ago, When the Egyptians Were Building the Pyramids
STAR OF THE WEEK: THUBAN The star Thuban in the constellation Draco (the Dragon) was the North Pole Star some 5,000 years ago, when the Egyptians were building the pyramids. Thuban is not a particularly bright star. At magnitude 3.7 and known as alpha draconis it is not even the brightest star in its constellation. What is Thuban’s connection with the pyramids of Egypt? Among the many mysteries surrounding Egypt’s pyramids are the so-called “air shafts” in the Great Pyramid of Giza. These narrow passageways were once thought to serve for ventilation as the The Great Pyramid of Giza, an enduring monument of ancient pyramids were being built. In the 1960s, though, Egypt. Egyptologists believe that it was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu around 2560 BC the air shafts were recognized as being aligned with stars or areas of sky as the sky appeared for the pyramids’ builders 5,000 years ago. To this day, the purpose of all these passageways inside the Great Pyramid isn’t clear, although some might have been connected to rituals associated with the king’s ascension to the heavens. Whatever their purpose, the Great Pyramid of Giza reveals that its builders knew the starry skies intimately. They surely knew Thuban was their Pole Star, the point around which the heavens appeared to turn. Various sources claim that Thuban almost exactly pinpointed the position of the north celestial pole in the This diagram shows the so-called air shafts in the Great year 2787 B.C. -
X-Ray Telescope
Early results of the Hitomi satellite Hiro Matsumoto Ux group & KMI Nagoya Univ.1 Outline •Hitomi instruments •Early scientific results –DM in Perseus –Turbulence in Perseus –others 2 Japanese history of X-ray satellites Launch, Feb. 17, 2016 Weight Suzaku Ginga ASCA Hitomi Tenma Hakucho Rocket 3 International collaboration More than 160 scientists from Japan/USA/Europe 4 Attitude anomaly Loss of communication (Mar. 26, 2016) spinning Gave up recovery (Apr. 28, 2016)5 Hitomi Obs. List Target Date Perseus Cluster of galaxies Feb. 25—27, 2016 Mar. 4—8, 2016 N132D Supernova remnants Mar. 8—11, 2016 IGR J16318-4848 Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 11—15, 2016 RXJ 1856-3754 Neutron star Mar. 17—19, 2016 Mar. 23—25, 2016 G21.5-0.9 Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 19—23, 2016 Crab Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 25, 2016 6 Scienfitic Instruments 7 4 systems Name X-Ray Telescope SXS Soft Micro-calorimeter (E<10keV) SXI Soft CCD (E<10keV) HXI Hard Si/CdTe (E<80keV) SGD --- Si/CdTe (Compton) 8 Wide energy range (0.3—600keV) HXT 1keV∼ 107K SXT SGD SXI HXI SXS 9 SXT + SXS (0.3—12keV) Soft X-ray Telescope Soft X-ray Spectrometer (X-ray micro-calorimeter) f=5.6m 10 Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) FOV: 3′ × 3′ Δ푇 ∝ ℎ휈 6 × 6 pix 11 Energy Resolution Hitomi SXS Suzaku CCD Δ퐸 = 5 푒푉@ 6푘푒푉 (cf. CCD Δ퐸 = 130 푒푉)12 Before Hitomi: gratings Point source Extended Not good for extended objects 13 X-ray microcalorimeter Extended Non-dispersive type. Spatial extension doesn’t matter. -
Dhruva the Ancient Indian Pole Star: Fixity, Rotation and Movement
Indian Journal of History of Science, 46.1 (2011) 23-39 DHRUVA THE ANCIENT INDIAN POLE STAR: FIXITY, ROTATION AND MOVEMENT R N IYENGAR* (Received 1 February 2010; revised 24 January 2011) Ancient historical layers of Hindu astronomy are explored in this paper with the help of the Purân.as and the Vedic texts. It is found that Dhruva as described in the Brahmân.d.a and the Vis.n.u purân.a was a star located at the tail of a celestial animal figure known as the Úiúumâra or the Dolphin. This constellation, which can be easily recognized as the modern Draco, is described vividly and accurately in the ancient texts. The body parts of the animal figure are made of fourteen stars, the last four of which including Dhruva on the tail are said to never set. The Taittirîya Âran.yaka text of the Kr.s.n.a-yajurveda school which is more ancient than the above Purân.as describes this constellation by the same name and lists fourteen stars the last among them being named Abhaya, equated with Dhruva, at the tail end of the figure. The accented Vedic text Ekâgni-kân.d.a of the same school recommends observation of Dhruva the fixed Pole Star during marriages. The above Vedic texts are more ancient than the Gr.hya-sûtra literature which was the basis for indologists to deny the existence of a fixed North Star during the Vedic period. However the various Purân.ic and Vedic textual evidence studied here for the first time, leads to the conclusion that in India for the Yajurvedic people Thuban (α-Draconis) was Dhruva the Pole Star c 2800 BC. -
Multi Cat 2712 Makes Three for Briggs Marine Clyde
SEAWORK 2016 SPECIAL | SOUTHAMPTON, UK | 14 – 16 JUNE 2016 | BOOTH #PG100 DAMEN SHIPYARDS GROUP | PHONE +31 (0)183 63 99 11 | [email protected] | WWW.DAMEN.COM TIMES The team from Damen welcomes you to the bigger and better Seawork and to what we are sure will be another great show. Damen has been exhibiting at the event since it began in 1998 and with exhibitors and visitors coming from MULTI CAT 2712 MAKES THREE FOR BRIGGS MARINE across north west Europe we appreciate its importance in the annual events calendar. This year we have brought a variety of vessels Briggs Marine and Environmental Services is due to receive shortly delivery the Kingdom of Fife has been working on Briggs’ £100 million including the 27-metre Multi Cat 2712. After the show what will be its third vessel from Damen in recent years. The first contract to provide maintenance and mooring support for the UK’s it will be heading to its area of operations on the east two were the Forth Jouster, a Multi Cat 2611, and a 62m Anchor Royal Navy. coast of Scotland, but while it is here visitors can see Handling Tug Supplier 75 Kingdom of Fife. This latest addition will be for themselves its spacious deck area, comfortable a second Damen Multi Cat, this time the larger 2712. Designated the For Damen, this latest purchase by Briggs Marine represents an accommodation and the many features that make it one Forth Warrior, it is currently finishing fitting out at Damen Shipyards unequivocal vote of confidence in the Multi Cat class as a range of of the most versatile workboats on the market today. -
Building the Coolest X-Ray Satellite
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite 朱雀 Suzaku A Video Guide for Teachers Grades 9-12 Probing the Structure & Evolution of the Cosmos http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ www.nasa.gov The Suzaku Learning Center Presents “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” Video Guide for Teachers Written by Dr. James Lochner USRA & NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD Ms. Sara Mitchell Mr. Patrick Keeney SP Systems & NASA/GSFC Coudersport High School Greenbelt, MD Coudersport, PA This booklet is designed to be used with the “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” DVD, available from the Suzaku Learning Center. http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Table of Contents I. Introduction 1. What is Astro-E2 (Suzaku)?....................................................................................... 2 2. “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” ....................................................................... 2 3. How to Use This Guide.............................................................................................. 2 4. Contents of the DVD ................................................................................................. 3 5. Post-Launch Information ........................................................................................... 3 6. Pre-requisites............................................................................................................. 4 7. Standards Met by Video and Activities ...................................................................... 4 II. Video Chapter 1 -
Draco the Dragon
Biblical Astronomer, number 100 51 DRACO THE DRAGON Gerardus D. Bouw, Ph.D. The embarrassment of dragons “Everyone knows it. Scientists have proven it dozens of times. Dragons are mythological; they never existed, leastwise, not while man roamed the earth. True, the ancient Chinese, Indians, Europeans, Amerin- dians, Africans, Australians, and others believed dragons existed in their time. They described dragons, told tales of killing them, and of the pesti- lences coming from dragons. But today we are much wiser and know that such ancient lore is nothing but myth. We are humanists, the measure of all things! We don’t need God. God is just a crutch for the feeble- minded, the weak. Today we know infinitely more than those grunting cave men. They and their dragon-infested Bible: bah!” “Hey!” a voice responds. “We’re not humanists. We believe in God, and we, too, know that dragons are mythological. Ignorant, supersti- tious men introduced the dragons into the Bible. We now have the correct interpretation for those problematic words. They’re not dragons but jack- als. We’re Bible critics, the measure of all things! We find out what God really meant to say but could not say plainly because of the cave-man mentality he had to address in His Word!” Now, that the author of this article totally disagrees with both the above statements let that be understood from the start. If that means being labeled feeble-minded, so be it. We think better of the ancients. Having studied their technology, we find them to be very clever and inventive, and we suspect that they could think circles around the aforementioned humanist and critical geniuses of today. -
Orbiting Debris: a Space Environmental Problem (Part 4 Of
Orbiting Debris: A Since Environmential Problem ● 3 Table 2--of Hazardous Interference by environment. Yet, orbital debris is part of a Orbital Debris larger problem of pollution in space that in- cludes radio-frequency interference and inter- 1. Loss or damage to space assets through collision; ference to scientific observations in all parts of 2. Accidental re-entry of space hardware; the spectrum. For example, emissions at ra- 3. Contamination by nuclear material of manned or unmanned spacecraft, both in space and on Earth; dio frequencies often interfere with radio as- 4. Interference with astronomical observations, both from the tronomy observations. For several years, ground and in space; gamma-ray astronomy data have been cor- 5. Interference with scientific and military experiments in space; rupted by Soviet intelligence satellites that 14 6. Potential military use. are powered by unshielded nuclear reactors. The indirect emissions from these satellites SOURCE: Space Debris, European Space Agency, and Office of Technology As- sessment. spread along the Earth’s magnetic field and are virtually impossible for other satellites to Earth. The largest have attracted worldwide escape. The Japanese Ginga satellite, attention. 10 Although the risk to individuals is launched in 1987 to study gamma-ray extremely small, the probability of striking bursters, has been triggered so often by the populated areas still finite.11 For example: 1) Soviet reactors that over 40 percent of its available observing time has been spent trans- the U.S.S.R. Kosmos 954, which contained a 15 nuclear power source,12 reentered the atmos- mitting unintelligible “data.” All of these phere over northwest Canada in 1978, scatter- problem areas will require attention and posi- ing debris over an area the size of Austria; 2) a tive steps to guarantee access to space by all Japanese ship was hit in 1969 by pieces of countries in the future. -
Portsmouth Dockyard in the Twentieth Century1
PART THREE PORTSMOUTH DOCKYARD IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY1 3.1 INTRODUCTION The twentieth century topography of Portsmouth Dockyard can be related first to the geology and geography of Portsea Island and secondly to the technological development of warships and their need for appropriately sized and furnished docks and basins. In 2013, Portsmouth Naval Base covered 300 acres of land, with 62 acres of basin, 17 dry docks and locks, 900 buildings and 3 miles of waterfront (Bannister, 10 June 2013a). The Portsmouth Naval Base Property Trust (Heritage Area) footprint is 11.25 acres (4.56 hectares) which equates to 4.23% of the land area of the Naval Base or 3.5% of the total Naval Base footprint including the Basins (Duncan, 2013). From 8 or 9 acres in 1520–40 (Oppenheim, 1988, pp. 88-9), the dockyard was increased to 10 acres in 1658, to 95 acres in 1790, and gained 20 acres in 1843 for the steam basin and 180 acres by 1865 for the 1867 extension (Colson, 1881, p. 118). Surveyor Sir Baldwin Wake Walker warned the Admiralty in 1855 and again in 1858 that the harbour mouth needed dredging, as those [ships] of the largest Class could not in the present state of its Channel go out of Harbour, even in the event of a Blockade, in a condition to meet the Enemy, inasmuch as the insufficiency of Water renders it impossible for them to go out of Harbour with all their Guns, Coals, Ammunition and Stores on board. He noted further in 1858 that the harbour itself “is so blocked up by mud that there is barely sufficient space to moor the comparatively small Force at present there,” urging annual dredging to allow the larger current ships to moor there. -
Securing Japan an Assessment of Japan´S Strategy for Space
Full Report Securing Japan An assessment of Japan´s strategy for space Report: Title: “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report” Published: July 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report, July 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: European Space Agency (ESA) TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and rationales ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology -
GTO Keypad Manual, V5.001
ASTRO-PHYSICS GTO KEYPAD Version v5.xxx Please read the manual even if you are familiar with previous keypad versions Flash RAM Updates Keypad Java updates can be accomplished through the Internet. Check our web site www.astro-physics.com/software-updates/ November 11, 2020 ASTRO-PHYSICS KEYPAD MANUAL FOR MACH2GTO Version 5.xxx November 11, 2020 ABOUT THIS MANUAL 4 REQUIREMENTS 5 What Mount Control Box Do I Need? 5 Can I Upgrade My Present Keypad? 5 GTO KEYPAD 6 Layout and Buttons of the Keypad 6 Vacuum Fluorescent Display 6 N-S-E-W Directional Buttons 6 STOP Button 6 <PREV and NEXT> Buttons 7 Number Buttons 7 GOTO Button 7 ± Button 7 MENU / ESC Button 7 RECAL and NEXT> Buttons Pressed Simultaneously 7 ENT Button 7 Retractable Hanger 7 Keypad Protector 8 Keypad Care and Warranty 8 Warranty 8 Keypad Battery for 512K Memory Boards 8 Cleaning Red Keypad Display 8 Temperature Ratings 8 Environmental Recommendation 8 GETTING STARTED – DO THIS AT HOME, IF POSSIBLE 9 Set Up your Mount and Cable Connections 9 Gather Basic Information 9 Enter Your Location, Time and Date 9 Set Up Your Mount in the Field 10 Polar Alignment 10 Mach2GTO Daytime Alignment Routine 10 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR NEW SETUPS OR SETUP IN NEW LOCATION 11 Assemble Your Mount 11 Startup Sequence 11 Location 11 Select Existing Location 11 Set Up New Location 11 Date and Time 12 Additional Information 12 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR MOUNTS USED AT THE SAME LOCATION WITHOUT A COMPUTER 13 KEYPAD START UP SEQUENCE FOR COMPUTER CONTROLLED MOUNTS 14 1 OBJECTS MENU – HAVE SOME FUN! -
MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 the GLOBAL COMMERCIAL
MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH INDUSTRY: JAPAN IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Saadia M. Pekkanen Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 [email protected] I am grateful to Marco Caceres, Senior Analyst and Director of Space Studies, Teal Group Corporation; Mark Coleman, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA), Johns Hopkins University; and Takashi Ishii, General Manager, Space Division, The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), Tokyo, for providing basic information concerning launch vehicles. I also thank Richard Samuels and Robert Pekkanen for their encouragement and comments. Finally, I thank Kartik Raj for his excellent research assistance. Financial suppport for the Japan portion of this project was provided graciously through a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Harvard Academy of International and Area Studies. MIT Japan Program Working Paper Series 01.10 Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room E38-7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: 617-252-1483 Fax: 617-258-7432 Date of Publication: July 16, 2001 © MIT Japan Program Introduction Japan has been seriously attempting to break into the commercial space launch vehicles industry since at least the mid 1970s. Yet very little is known about this story, and about the politics and perceptions that are continuing to drive Japanese efforts despite many outright failures in the indigenization of the industry. This story, therefore, is important not just because of the widespread economic and technological merits of the space launch vehicles sector which are considerable. It is also important because it speaks directly to the ongoing debates about the Japanese developmental state and, contrary to the new wisdom in light of Japan's recession, the continuation of its high technology policy as a whole. -
The Evening Sky Map
I N E D R I A C A S T N E O D I T A C L E O R N I G D S T S H A E P H M O O R C I . Z N O p l f e i n h d o P t O o N ) l h a r g Z i u s , o I l C t P h R I r e o R N ( O o r C r H e t L p h p E E i s t D H a ( r g T F i . O B NORTH D R e N M h t E A X O e s A H U M C T . I P N S L E E P Z “ E A N H O NORTHERN HEMISPHERE M T R T Y N H E ” K E η ) W S . T T E W U B R N W D E T T W T H h A The Evening Sky Map e MAY 2021 E . C ) Cluster O N FREE* EACH MONTH FOR YOU TO EXPLORE, LEARN & ENJOY THE NIGHT SKY r S L a o K e Double r Y E t B h R M t e PERSEUS A a A r CASSIOPEIA n e S SKY MAP SHOWS HOW Get Sky Calendar on Twitter P δ r T C G C A CEPHEUS r E o R e J s O h Sky Calendar – May 2021 http://twitter.com/skymaps M39 s B THE NIGHT SKY LOOKS T U ( O i N s r L D o a j A NE I I a μ p T EARLY MAY PM T 10 r 61 M S o S 3 Last Quarter Moon at 19:51 UT.