DOCSLIB.ORG

X-Ray Telescope

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
X-Ray Telescope Early results of the Hitomi satellite Hiro Matsumoto Ux group & KMI Nagoya Univ.1 Outline •Hitomi instruments •Early scientific results –DM in Perseus –Turbulence in Perseus –others 2 Japanese history of X-ray satellites Launch, Feb. 17, 2016 Weight Suzaku Ginga ASCA Hitomi Tenma Hakucho Rocket 3 International collaboration More than 160 scientists from Japan/USA/Europe 4 Attitude anomaly Loss of communication (Mar. 26, 2016) spinning Gave up recovery (Apr. 28, 2016)5 Hitomi Obs. List Target Date Perseus Cluster of galaxies Feb. 25—27, 2016 Mar. 4—8, 2016 N132D Supernova remnants Mar. 8—11, 2016 IGR J16318-4848 Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 11—15, 2016 RXJ 1856-3754 Neutron star Mar. 17—19, 2016 Mar. 23—25, 2016 G21.5-0.9 Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 19—23, 2016 Crab Pulsar wind nebula Mar. 25, 2016 6 Scienfitic Instruments 7 4 systems Name X-Ray Telescope SXS Soft Micro-calorimeter (E<10keV) SXI Soft CCD (E<10keV) HXI Hard Si/CdTe (E<80keV) SGD --- Si/CdTe (Compton) 8 Wide energy range (0.3—600keV) HXT 1keV∼ 107K SXT SGD SXI HXI SXS 9 SXT + SXS (0.3—12keV) Soft X-ray Telescope Soft X-ray Spectrometer (X-ray micro-calorimeter) f=5.6m 10 Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) FOV: 3′ × 3′ Δ푇 ∝ ℎ휈 6 × 6 pix 11 Energy Resolution Hitomi SXS Suzaku CCD Δ퐸 = 5 푒푉@ 6푘푒푉 (cf. CCD Δ퐸 = 130 푒푉)12 Before Hitomi: gratings Point source Extended Not good for extended objects 13 X-ray microcalorimeter Extended Non-dispersive type. Spatial extension doesn’t matter. 14 X-Ray Telescope (SXT, HXT) Wolter-I optics focus X-ray source “Annual ring” of foils 15 Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) 450mm 101.6mm SXT-1 FM Au-coated Al foils 203 nested shells Total reflection Angular resolution∼ 1.3′ 16 SXT + SXI (0.3—12keV) Soft X-ray Telescope Soft X-ray Imager (X-ray CCD) f=5.6m 17 Soft X-ray Imager (SXI) Pch X-ray CCD SXI Thick depletion layer XMM ~200 um Moderate Δ퐸 Largest FOV (∼150eV@6keV) 38′ × 38′ 18 HXT + HXI (5—80keV) Hard X-ray Telescope Hard X-ray Imager (Si DSD + CdTe DSD) f=12m 19 Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) Made in Nagoya U. HXT1 Wolter-I 62 kg 50 cm 45 cm HXT2 1278 reflectors 20 HXT mirror Pt & C multilayer 21 Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) E<20 keV: Double-sided Si Strip Detector E>20keV: Double-sided CdTe Strip Detector FOV: 9′ × 9′22 SGD (10—600keV) Soft Gamma-ray Detector (Si+CdTe) 23 Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD) • Si/CdTe Compton Camera • Active shield of BGO 24 Scienfitic Results 25 X-ray vs Visible Perseus cluster of galaxies X-ray Optical 20M lyr Fabian et al. 2011, MNRAS, 418, 215426 Filled with Hot Gas 푘푇 ∼ 5푘푒푉 27 Main Component: Hot Gas 푀푎푠 > 푀푎푙 28 Trapped in DM potential 29 Perseus with XMM-Newton Bulbul et al. 2014 30 unID line at 3.5 keV Not an atomic X-ray line DM 푚퐷푀 ∼ 7푘푒푉 decay? Bulbul et al. 201431 Hitomi Calorimeter Hitomi collaboration, arXiv:1607.07420 32 No detection Hitomi collaboration arXiv:1607.07420 33 Why still hot? 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 Gas should cool within 2 × 109 yrs 34 Active Galaxy NGC1275 35 Active Galactic Nucleus Super-massive BH 36 Jet BH Accretion Disk Very hotX-ray 37 BH puts energy into gas? 38 Distrubed? http://kakaku.com/article/pr/14/02_sharp_es-tx930/39 Perseus with Hitomi Hitomi collaboration Nature 2016, 535, 117 40 Iron line: Outer region Broadened due to Doppler v = 164 ± 10 푘푚 푠−1 41 Turbulent velocity Outer reg. 164 ± 10 푘푚/푠 Center reg. 187 ± 13 푘푚/푠 푃푡푢푟푏 ∼ 0.04 × 푃푡ℎ푒푟푚푎푙 42 푷풕풖풓풃 ∼ ퟒ% 풐풇 푷풕풉풆풓풎풂풍 Very quiet 43 hydrostatic equilibrium of gas Hot gas distribution Gravitational potential DM distribution 44 Can BH heat gas? 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 Cool within 2 × 109 yrs 45 Can BH heat gas? Central region cools within 2 × 109 yrs 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 How much turbulence should be input? 푃푡푢푟푏 ∼ 4% 표푓 푃푡ℎ푒푟푚푎푙 46 Same Problem 200L 8L How fast does Out of the bath he put water? in 3 minutes. Ans: 3 min×4% = 7.2 sec 47 Can BH heat gas? Central region cools within 2 × 109 yrs 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 2 × 109 푦푟푠 × 4% = 8 × 107 푦푟푠 BH should put energy every 8 × 107 푦푟푠. 48 Can BH heat gas? Central region cools within 2 × 109 yrs 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 Energy has to go 2 × 105 퐿푦푟 within 8 × 107 푦푟푠. 푣 ∼ 700 km s−1 49 Can BH heat gas? Central region cools within 2 × 109 yrs What happens?2 × 105 퐿푦푟 New problem. −1 −1 푣 ∼ 700 km s ≫ v푡푢푟푏 ∼ 160 푘푚 푠 Energy cannot spread! 50 퐹푒25+ 퐹푒24+ lines suppressed? 퐾훼 Why? 퐹푒24+ 24+ 퐾훼 퐹푒 퐾훽 51 Effect of optical depth? 퐹푒25+ 퐾훼 퐹푒24+ 퐾훼, 퐾훽 Possibility to measure the size of the cluster along the line of sight. 52 06 July 2016, Nature53 Another topic: Crab Optical X-ray Supernova in 1054 54 supernova remnant Cassiopeia A SN1006 (movie)55 퐴푟16+ 퐹푒24+ 푆12+ 푀푔10+ 푆13+ 14+ 퐶푎18+ 푀푔11+ 푆 푆15+ Highly ionized ionshot gas 56 Crab spectrum Tavani+2011 No atomic line from radio to gamma Synchrotron emission 57 Crab spectrum Tavani+2011 Where is hot gas? 58 Crab with Hitomi Emission/absoption lineCalorimeter search. spectrum 2 3 5 10 12 Energy (keV) 59 About HXT: Success! Pulsar wind nebula G21.5-0.9 5-80keV 5-10keV 10-20keV 20-30keV 30-50keV 50-80keV 60 G21.5-0.9: Pulsar Wind Nebula Chandra X-ray image@CXC Pulsar J833-1034 P=61.86ms B=3.6e12 G arcmin 6.3 PWN Accelerates electrons Interstellar matter 61 What energy can electrons be accelerated to? HXI G21.5 BGD Any break in the spectrum? ©H. Murakami (U. of Tokyo) 62 Planned talks Time Speaker Topics KMI2017 15:30, Jan. 6, 2017 T. Ohashi Perseus (Tokyo Metro. U.) and others 9:00, Jan. 7., 2017 T. Kitayama DM search (Toho U.) Seminar 16:00, Feb. 20, 2017 H. Yamaguchi Supernova Physics (NASA/GSFC) 63 Summary • Hitomi observed several objects. –Perseus, Crab, and others • Many scientific topics are under discussion. Stay Tune! 64 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Progress with Litebird
    LiteBIRD Lite (Light) Satellite for the Studies of B-mode Polarization and Inflation from Cosmic Background Radiation Detection Progress with LiteBIRD Masashi Hazumi (KEK/Kavli IPMU/SOKENDAI/ISAS JAXA) for the LiteBIRD working group 1 LiteBIRD JAXA Osaka U. Kavli IPMU Kansei U. Tsukuba APC Paris T. Dotani S. Kuromiya K. Hattori Gakuin U. M. Nagai R. Stompor H. Fuke M. Nakajima N. Katayama S. Matsuura H. Imada S. Takakura Y. Sakurai TIT Cardiff U. I. Kawano K. Takano H. Sugai Kitazato U. S. Matsuoka G. Pisano UC Berkeley / H. Matsuhara T. Kawasaki R. Chendra LBNL T. Matsumura Osaka Pref. U. KEK Paris ILP D. Barron K. Mitsuda M. Inoue M. Hazumi Konan U. U. Tokyo J. Errard J. Borrill T. Nishibori K. Kimura (PI) I. Ohta S. Sekiguchi Y. Chinone K. Nishijo H. Ogawa M. Hasegawa T. Shimizu CU Boulder A. Cukierman A. Noda N. Okada N. Kimura NAOJ S. Shu N. Halverson T. de Haan A. Okamoto K. Kohri A. Dominjon N. Tomita N. Goeckner-wald S. Sakai Okayama U. M. Maki T. Hasebe McGill U. P. Harvey Y. Sato T. Funaki Y. Minami J. Inatani Tohoku U. M. Dobbs C. Hill K. Shinozaki N. Hidehira T. Nagasaki K. Karatsu M. Hattori W. Holzapfel H. Sugita H. Ishino R. Nagata S. Kashima MPA Y. Hori Y. Takei A. Kibayashi H. Nishino T. Noguchi Nagoya U. E. Komatsu O. Jeong S. Utsunomiya Y. Kida S. Oguri Y. Sekimoto K. Ichiki NIST R. Keskitalo T. Wada K. Komatsu T. Okamura M. Sekine T. Kisner G. Hilton R. Yamamoto S. Uozumi N.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Blocking Performance of Ccds Developed for the X-Ray
    Optical Blocking Performance of CCDs Developed for the X-ray Astronomy Satellite XRISM Hiroyuki Uchidaa,∗, Takaaki Tanakaa, Yuki Amanoa, Hiromichi Okona, Takeshi G. Tsurua, Hirofumi Nodae,f, Kiyoshi Hayashidae,f, Hironori Matsumotoe,f, Maho Hanaokae, Tomokage Yoneyamae, Koki Okazakie, Kazunori Asakurae, Shotaro Sakumae, Kengo Hattorie, Ayami Ishikurae, Hiroshi Nakajimah, Mariko Saitod, Kumiko K. Nobukawad,b, Hiroshi Tomidag, Yoshiaki Kanemaruc, Jin Satoc, Toshiyuki Takakic, Yuta Teradac, Koji Moric, Hikari Kashimurah, Takayoshi Kohmurai, Kouichi Haginoi, Hiroshi Murakamij, Shogo B. Kobayashik, Yusuke Nishiokac, Makoto Yamauchic, Isamu Hatsukadec, Takashi Sakol, Masayoshi Nobukawal, Yukino Urabem, Junko S. Hiragam, Hideki Uchiyaman, Kazutaka Yamaokao, Masanobu Ozakip, Tadayasu Dotanip,q, Hiroshi Tsunemie, Hisanori Suzukir, Shin-ichiro Takagir, Kenichi Sugimotor, Sho Atsumir, Fumiya Tanakar aDepartment of Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan bDepartment of Physics, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan cFaculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan dDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, Nara 630-8506, Japan eDepartment of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan fProject Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan gJapan
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Coolest X-Ray Satellite
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite 朱雀 Suzaku A Video Guide for Teachers Grades 9-12 Probing the Structure & Evolution of the Cosmos http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ www.nasa.gov The Suzaku Learning Center Presents “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” Video Guide for Teachers Written by Dr. James Lochner USRA & NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD Ms. Sara Mitchell Mr. Patrick Keeney SP Systems & NASA/GSFC Coudersport High School Greenbelt, MD Coudersport, PA This booklet is designed to be used with the “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” DVD, available from the Suzaku Learning Center. http://suzaku-epo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Table of Contents I. Introduction 1. What is Astro-E2 (Suzaku)?....................................................................................... 2 2. “Building the Coolest X-ray Satellite” ....................................................................... 2 3. How to Use This Guide.............................................................................................. 2 4. Contents of the DVD ................................................................................................. 3 5. Post-Launch Information ........................................................................................... 3 6. Pre-requisites............................................................................................................. 4 7. Standards Met by Video and Activities ...................................................................... 4 II. Video Chapter 1
    [Show full text]
  • Orbiting Debris: a Space Environmental Problem (Part 4 Of
    Orbiting Debris: A Since Environmential Problem ● 3 Table 2--of Hazardous Interference by environment. Yet, orbital debris is part of a Orbital Debris larger problem of pollution in space that in- cludes radio-frequency interference and inter- 1. Loss or damage to space assets through collision; ference to scientific observations in all parts of 2. Accidental re-entry of space hardware; the spectrum. For example, emissions at ra- 3. Contamination by nuclear material of manned or unmanned spacecraft, both in space and on Earth; dio frequencies often interfere with radio as- 4. Interference with astronomical observations, both from the tronomy observations. For several years, ground and in space; gamma-ray astronomy data have been cor- 5. Interference with scientific and military experiments in space; rupted by Soviet intelligence satellites that 14 6. Potential military use. are powered by unshielded nuclear reactors. The indirect emissions from these satellites SOURCE: Space Debris, European Space Agency, and Office of Technology As- sessment. spread along the Earth’s magnetic field and are virtually impossible for other satellites to Earth. The largest have attracted worldwide escape. The Japanese Ginga satellite, attention. 10 Although the risk to individuals is launched in 1987 to study gamma-ray extremely small, the probability of striking bursters, has been triggered so often by the populated areas still finite.11 For example: 1) Soviet reactors that over 40 percent of its available observing time has been spent trans- the U.S.S.R. Kosmos 954, which contained a 15 nuclear power source,12 reentered the atmos- mitting unintelligible “data.” All of these phere over northwest Canada in 1978, scatter- problem areas will require attention and posi- ing debris over an area the size of Austria; 2) a tive steps to guarantee access to space by all Japanese ship was hit in 1969 by pieces of countries in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Satellite Communications Technology and Systems
    International Technology Research Institute World Technology (WTEC) Division WTEC Panel Report on Global Satellite Communications Technology and Systems Joseph N. Pelton, Panel Chair Alfred U. Mac Rae, Panel Chair Kul B. Bhasin Charles W. Bostian William T. Brandon John V. Evans Neil R. Helm Christoph E. Mahle Stephen A. Townes December 1998 International Technology Research Institute R.D. Shelton, Director Geoffrey M. Holdridge, WTEC Division Director and ITRI Series Editor 4501 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21210-2699 WTEC Panel on Satellite Communications Technology and Systems Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States Government. Dr. Joseph N. Pelton (Panel Chair) Dr. Charles W. Bostian Mr. Neil R. Helm Institute for Applied Space Research Director, Center for Wireless Deputy Director, Institute for George Washington University Telecommunications Applied Space Research 2033 K Street, N.W., Rm. 304 Virginia Tech George Washington University Washington, DC 20052 Blacksburg, VA 24061-0111 2033 K Street, N.W., Rm. 340 Washington, DC 20052 Dr. Alfred U. Mac Rae (Panel Chair) Mr. William T. Brandon President, Mac Rae Technologies Principal Engineer Dr. Christoph E. Mahle 72 Sherbrook Drive The Mitre Corporation (D270) Communications Satellite Consultant Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922 202 Burlington Road 5137 Klingle Street, N.W. Bedford, MA 01730 Washington, DC 20016 Dr. Kul B. Bhasin Chief, Satellite Networks Dr. John V. Evans Dr. Stephen A. Townes and Architectures Branch Vice President Deputy Manager, Communications NASA Lewis Research Center and Chief Technology Officer Systems and Research Section MS 54-2 Comsat Corporation Jet Propulsion Laboratory 21000 Brookpark Rd.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of 60Μm Pitch Cdte Double-Sided Strip Detector for FOXSI-3 Rocket Experiment
    Development of 60µm pitch CdTe double-sided strip detector for FOXSI-3 rocket experiment Kento Furukawa(U-Tokyo, ISAS/JAXA) Shin'nosuke Ishikawa, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin Watanabe(ISAS/JAXA), Koichi Hagino(Tokyo University of Science), Shin'ichiro Takeda(OIST), P.S. Athiray, Lindsay Glesener, Sophie Musset, Juliana Vievering (U. of Minnesota), Juan Camilo Buitrago Casas , Säm Krucker (SSL/UCB), and Steven Christe (NASA/GSFC) 1 2 CdTe semiconductor and diode device Cadmium Telluride semiconductor : • High density • Large atomic number • High efficiency Issue : small µτ product especially for holes 260eV(FWHM) • Uniform & thin device @6.4keV 1400V,-40℃ • Schottky Diode (Takahashi et al. 1998 ) High bias voltage full charge collection + high energy resolution Takahashi et al. (2005) 3 Application of CdTe Diode Double-sided Strip Detector Watanabe et al. 2009 Anode(Pt): Ohmic contact Cathode(Al): Schottky contact Astrophysical Application • Hard X-ray Imager(HXI) onboard Hitomi(ASTRO-H) satellite • FOXSI rocket mission Medical Application • Small animal SPECT system (OIST/JAXA) 4 Hard X-ray study of the Sun Observation Target : the Sun Corona and flare Scientific Aim • Coronal Heating (thermal emission) • Particle Acceleration (non-thermal emission ) →Sensitive Hard X-ray imaging and spectral observation is the key especially for small scale flares study Soft X-ray image by Hinode (micro and nano) (NAOJ/JAXA) So far only Indirect Imaging e.g. RHESSI spacecraft (Rotational Modulation collimator) No direct imaging in hard X-ray band for solar mission 5 FOXSI rocket mission FOXSI experiment (UCB/SSL, NASA, UMN, ISAS/JAXA) Indirect Direct Imaging Spectroscopy with Focusing Optics in Hard X-ray Hard X-ray telescopes + CdTe focal plane detectors FOXSI’s hard X-ray telescope clearly identified a micro-flare with high S/N ratio Direct Telescope Angular resolution : 5 arcsec (FWHM) Focal plane detector 50µm on focal plane Krucker et al.
    [Show full text]
  • List of RN/LPN Required to Complete Fingerprinting by June 30, 2021
    List of RN/LPN Required to Complete Fingerprinting by June 30, 2021 RN 74156 ABAD CHARLES U RN 61837 ACASIO KYRA K RN 75958 ADVINCULA ROLAND D J RN 75271 ABAD GLORY GAY M RN 59937 ACCOUSTI NEAL O RN 42910 ADZUARA MARY JANE R RN 76449 ABALOS JUDY S RN 52918 ACEBO RUSSELL J RN 72683 AETO JUSTIN RN 38427 ABALOS TRICIA H M RN 43188 ACEVEDO JUNE D RN 86091 AFONG CLAREN C D RN 70657 ABANES JANE J RN 68208 ACIDERA NORIVIE S RN 72856 AGACID MARIE JOY H RN 46560 ABANIA JONATHAN R RN 59880 ACIO ROSARIO A D RN 78671 AGANOS DAWN Y A V RN 67772 ABARQUEZ BLESSILDA C RN 72528 ACKLIN JUSTIN P RN 85438 AGARAN NOBEMEN O RN 67707 ABATAYO LIEZL P RN 68066 ACOB FERLITA D RN 52928 AGARAN TINA K LPN 7498 ABBEY LORI J RN 35794 ACOBA BETH MARY BARN RN 33999 AGASID GLISERIA D RN 77337 ABE DAVID K RN 73632 ACOBA JULIA R LPN 18148 AGATON KRYSTLE LIAAN RN 57015 ABE JAYSON K RN 53744 ACOPAN MARK N RN 66375 AGBAYANI REYNANTE LPN 6111 ABE LORI R RN 55133 ACOSTA MARISSA R RN 58450 AGCAOILI ANNABEL RN 18300 ABE LYNN Y LPN 18682 ACOSTA MYLEEN G A RN 54002 AGCAOILI FLORENCE A RN 73517 ABE SUN-HWA K RN 69274 ACRE-PICKRELL ALEXAN RN 79169 AGDEPPA MARK J RN 84126 ABE TIFFANY K RN 45793 ACZON-ARMSTRONG MARI RN 41739 AGENA DALE S RN 69525 ABEE JENNIFER E RN 19550 ADAMS CAROLYN L RN 33363 AGLIAM MARILYN A RN 69992 ABEE KEVIN ANDREW RN 73979 ADAMS JENNIFER N RN 46748 AGLIBOT NANCY A RN 69993 ABELLADA MARINEL G RN 39164 ADAMS MARIA V RN 38303 AGLUGUB AURORA A RN 66502 ABELLANIDA STEPHANIE RN 52798 ADAMSKI MAUREEN RN 68068 AGNELLO TAI D RN 83403 ABERILLA JEREMY J RN 84737 ADDUCCI
    [Show full text]
  • Message from the Director General September 2017 Saku Tsuneta Director General
    Message from the Director General September 2017 Saku Tsuneta Director General Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency On April 28, 2016, the Japan former ISAS project managers, and levels, the satellite was declared to Aerospace Exploration Agency an Action Plan for Reforming ISAS have entered into its scheduled orbit (JAXA) made the difficult decision Based on the Anomaly Experienced in March 2017. The successful start to terminate attempts to restore by Hitomi was developed. In of the ARASE mission is a testament communication with the X-ray addition, “town hall meetings” were to the dedication and skills across Astronomy Satellite ASTRO-H (also held to share the spirit and practice JAXA. known as HITOMI), which was of the action plan with all ISAS ISAS is currently operating six launched on February 17, 2016, due employees. The plan, which was satellites and space probes: ARASE, to the communication anomalies applied to launch preparations of Hayabusa2, HISAKI, AKATSUKI, that occurred on March 26, 2016. the geospace exploration satellite HINODE, and GEOTAIL. Asteroid Since that time, in consultation with ARASE, contributed to the successful Explorer Hayabusa2, which is experts inside as well as outside and stable operation of that satellite, currently on its planned trajectory JAXA, the Institute of Space and and will be applied to other projects towards the 162173 Ryugu asteroid Astronautical Science (ISAS) has such as the Smart Lander for under ion engine power, is equipped been making every possible effort Investigating Moon (SLIM). The plan- with new technologies for solar to determine what went wrong, and do-check-act (PDCA) cycle should system exploration such as long- what can be done to prevent this work to further refine both current distance communication using Ka- from happening again in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Securing Japan an Assessment of Japan´S Strategy for Space
    Full Report Securing Japan An assessment of Japan´s strategy for space Report: Title: “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report” Published: July 2020 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print) • 2076-6688 (online) Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute (ESPI) Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria Phone: +43 1 718 11 18 -0 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.espi.or.at Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “ESPI Report 74 - Securing Japan - Full Report, July 2020. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: copylot.at Cover page picture credit: European Space Agency (ESA) TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background and rationales ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Methodology
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
    Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .
    [Show full text]
  • Time Assignment System and Its Performance Aboard the Hitomi
    Time Assignment System and Its Performance aboard the Hitomi Satellite Yukikatsu Teradaa,*, Sunao Yamaguchia, Shigenobu Sugimotoa, Taku Inouea, Souhei Nakayaa, Maika Murakamia, Seiya Yabea, Kenya Oshimizua, Mina Ogawab, Tadayasu Dotanib, Yoshitaka Ishisakic, Kazuyo Mizushimad, Takashi Kominatod, Hiroaki Mined, Hiroki Hiharad,e, Kaori Iwasea, Tomomi Kouzua,e, Makoto S. Tashiroa,b, Chikara Natsukarib, Masanobu Ozakib, Motohide Kokubunb, Tadayuki Takahashib, Satoko Kawakamie, Masaru Kasaharae, Susumu Kumagaie, Lorella Angelinif, Michael Witthoeftf,g aGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Ohkubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan bInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan cDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan dNEC Corporation, 10, Nisshin-cho 1-chome, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8501, Japan eNEC Space Technologies, Ltd., 10, Nisshin-cho 1-chome, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8551, Japan fExploration of the Universe Division, Code 660, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA gADNET Systems, 6720 Rockledge Drive Suite 504, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA Abstract. Fast timing capability in X-ray observation of astrophysical objects is one of the key properties for the ASTRO-H (Hitomi) mission. Absolute timing accuracies of 350 µs or 35 µs are required to achieve nominal scientific goals or to study fast variabilities of specific sources. The satellite carries a GPS receiver to obtain accurate time information, which is distributed from the central onboard computer through the large and complex SpaceWire network. The details on the time system on the hardware and software design are described. In the distribution of the time information, the propagation delays and jitters affect the timing accuracy.
    [Show full text]
  • MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 the GLOBAL COMMERCIAL
    MIT Japan Program Working Paper 01.10 THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH INDUSTRY: JAPAN IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE Saadia M. Pekkanen Assistant Professor Department of Political Science Middlebury College Middlebury, VT 05753 [email protected] I am grateful to Marco Caceres, Senior Analyst and Director of Space Studies, Teal Group Corporation; Mark Coleman, Chemical Propulsion Information Agency (CPIA), Johns Hopkins University; and Takashi Ishii, General Manager, Space Division, The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies (SJAC), Tokyo, for providing basic information concerning launch vehicles. I also thank Richard Samuels and Robert Pekkanen for their encouragement and comments. Finally, I thank Kartik Raj for his excellent research assistance. Financial suppport for the Japan portion of this project was provided graciously through a Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Harvard Academy of International and Area Studies. MIT Japan Program Working Paper Series 01.10 Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room E38-7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: 617-252-1483 Fax: 617-258-7432 Date of Publication: July 16, 2001 © MIT Japan Program Introduction Japan has been seriously attempting to break into the commercial space launch vehicles industry since at least the mid 1970s. Yet very little is known about this story, and about the politics and perceptions that are continuing to drive Japanese efforts despite many outright failures in the indigenization of the industry. This story, therefore, is important not just because of the widespread economic and technological merits of the space launch vehicles sector which are considerable. It is also important because it speaks directly to the ongoing debates about the Japanese developmental state and, contrary to the new wisdom in light of Japan's recession, the continuation of its high technology policy as a whole.
    [Show full text]