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Arab Development Assistance FOUR DECADES OF COOPERATION Middle East and North Africa Region Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships Vice Presidency Arab Development Assistance FOUR DECADES OF COOPERATION Middle East and North Africa Region Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships Vice Presidency Document of the World Bank June 2010 © 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. This volume is a product of the Chief Economist’s Office of the Middle East and North Africa Region and the Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships Vice Presidency of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA. 09123, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax: 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax: 202-522-2422, e-mail: [email protected]. Cover photo: © World Bank/Curt Carnemark; Dominic Sansoni; Yosef Hadar; Eric Miller; Gennadiy Ratushenko A FREE PUBLICATION Abbreviations and Acronyms AAD Arab Accounting Dinar ADB Asian Development Bank ADFD Abu Dhabi Fund for Development AED United Arab Emirates Dirham AfDB African Development Bank AFESD Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development AGFUND Arab Gulf Programme for United Nations Development Organizations AMF Arab Monetary Fund ATFP Arab Trade Financing Program BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BOAD Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement / West African Development Bank COMPAS Common Performance Assessment System DAC Development Assistance Committee DFID Department for International Development EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States EIB European Investment Bank EU European Union GCC Gulf Cooperation Council GDP Gross Domestic Product GNI Gross National Income HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Countries HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IATIN Intra-Arab Trade Information Network ICD Islamic Cooperation for the Development of the Private Sector ICIEC Islamic Cooperation for the Insurance of Investments and Export Credits IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development IMF International Monetary Fund IRTI Islamic Research and Training Institute IsDB Islamic Development Bank ITFC International Islamic Trade Finance Corporation v KD Kuwait Dinar KFAED Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development KSA Kingdom of Saudi Arabia LAS League of Arab States LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate LIC Low-Income Country MDG Millennium Development Goal MDRI Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative MENA Middle East and North Africa MIC Middle-Income Country NEPAD New Partnership for African Development NGO Non-governmental Organization OCFA Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid OCR Ordinary Capital Resources ODA Official Development Assistance ODF Official Development Finance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OFID OPEC Fund for International Development OIC Organisation of the Islamic Conference OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries SAAFA Special Arab Aid Fund for Africa SDR Special Drawing Rights SEP Saudi Export Program SESRIC Statistical, Economic, and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries SFD Saudi Fund for Development SME Small and Medium Enterprises SR Saudi Riyal SSA Sub-Saharan Africa TA Technical Assistance UAE United Arab Emirates UN United Nations US United States UNDP United Nations Development Programme WBG West Bank and Gaza Y-SFD Yemen Social Fund for Development vi ARAB DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE Table of Contents Executive Summary ...............................................................xi Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................ 1 Chapter 2: Overview and Trends in Arab Official Development Assistance.................... 3 Tracking Arab Official Development Assistance ........................................ 3 Aggregate Trends in the Volume of Arab ODA ......................................... 5 Main Sources of Arab ODA ....................................................... 8 Channels and Modalities ........................................................ 10 Recipients and Uses ............................................................ 11 Chapter 3: Institutional Framework for Arab Financial Assistance ......................... 17 Strategic Orientation of Arab Financial Assistance Institutions ............................ 17 Activities of Arab Financial Assistance Institutions ..................................... 20 Aid Coordination .............................................................. 31 Predictability and Sustainability of Arab Financial Assistance ............................. 33 Chapter 4: Conclusions ........................................................... 37 References ...................................................................... 39 Annex 1 An Overview of Arab Financial Institutions ..................................... 41 Annex 2 Statistical Tables .......................................................... 59 BOXES Box 2.1 New Directions in Tracking and Coordinating Aid – UAE’s Office for the Coordination of Foreign Aid .............................................. 4 Box 3.1 IsDB Capacity Building Programme – Fostering South-South Cooperation .......... 23 Box 3.2 Specialized Funds of Arab Aid Agencies ..................................... 25 Box 3.3 Research Initiative for Arab Development – An Illustration of World Bank-AFESD Cooperation .......................................................... 27 Box A1-1 SFD Co-Financiers, 1975–2007 ........................................... 45 Box A1-2 Basic Features of BADEA’s Fifth Five-Year Plan, 2005–2009 ..................... 46 Box A1-3 Yemen Social Fund for Development – A Success Story of Multi-Donor Financing and Government Ownership and Achievements ............................... 48 Box A1-4 IsDB Islamic Project Financing Modalities ................................... 51 Box A1-5 Banking and Shari’ah Law – A Unique Feature of Arab Development Assistance ............................................................ 52 vii FIGURES Figure 1 Arab ODA in Volume and as a Share of GNI ..................................xi Figure 2 Yearly Average Commitment of Arab Financial Institutions ......................xiii Figure 2.1 ODA from Arab Donors ................................................. 5 Figure 2.2 Share of ODA in GNI for Kuwait, KSA, UAE and DAC, 1973–2007 ............... 6 Figure 2.3 ODA from Arab Countries and Oil Prices .................................... 7 Figure 2.4 Main Sources of Arab ODA ............................................... 9 Figure 2.5 ODA Funding from KSA, Kuwait and UAE, 1995–2007 ....................... 10 Figure 2.6 Recipients of Arab Bilateral ODA by Various Aggregations ...................... 13 Figure 2.7 Arab ODA by Recipient Countries, 1970–2007 ............................... 14 Figure 3.1 Yearly Average Commitment of Arab Financial Institutions ...................... 20 Figure 3.2 Financial Assistance and Operations Financed by Arab Financial Institutions ......... 20 Figure 3.3 Recipients of Assistance from Arab Financial Institutions by Various Aggregations ..... 28 Figure 3.4 Financial Assistance by Sector ............................................. 29 TABLES Table 2.1 Arab Bilateral ODA Grants and Loans ...................................... 11 Table 2.2 Top 10 Recipients of Arab Bilateral ODA ................................... 12 Table 3.1 Total Financial Assistance by Type and Institution ............................. 22 Table 3.2 Cumulative TA Grant Financing Provided by Arab Financial Agencies, at end-2007 . 24 Table 3.3 Total Commitments of Financial Institutions by Geographic Region and Country Groupings .................................................... 28 Table 3.4 Lending Concentration ................................................. 29 Table 3.5 Lending Terms at end-2007 .............................................. 30 Table 3.6 Operations and Geographic Coverage of Arab Aid, Cumulative to 2008 ............ 33 Table 3.7 Capital and Reserves of Arab Financial Institutions, 2007/2008 ................... 34 Table A1-1 IsDB Specialized Funds ................................................
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