DOCSLIB.ORG

Arab States 17

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arab States 17 UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT The Arab world needs more champions of science and technology, including in the political arena, to bring about the positive change to which the region aspires. Moneef R. Zou’bi, Samia Mohamed-Nour, Jauad El-Kharraz and Nazar Hassan A computer image of office buildings to be constructed in Dubai layer by layer using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The furniture will also be ‘printed’. See Box 17.7 for details. Image: courtesy of the Dubai Future Foundation 430 The Arab States 17 . The Arab States Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Sudan, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen Moneef R. Zou’bi, Samia Mohamed-Nour, Jauad El-Kharraz and Nazar Hassan INTRODUCTION The Arab region: from hope to turmoil The so-called Arab Spring was triggered by demonstrations The global financial crisis has ricocheted on the region in Tunisia in December 2010. Popular unrest quickly spread The Arab world1 is of strategic importance, owing to its location across the region, revealing a common aspiration towards and wealth of oil and natural gas: 57% of the world’s proven oil freedom, dignity and justice (ESCWA, 2014a). reserves and 28% of those for gas (AFESD et al, 2013). Since December 2010, Arab countries have undergone The tremors of the global financial crises of 2008 and 2009 and extraordinary transformations, including regime change in the subsequent recession in most developed countries affected Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen and the descent of Syria into Arab states in a variety of ways. The oil-exporting countries of civil war after what began as peaceful protests in the spring the Gulf Cooperation Council felt such tremors, most being of 2011. Despite having elected parliaments, Jordan and characterized by open financial and commercial systems with Bahrain also witnessed a series of demonstrations in favour high exposure to global financial markets and close association of reform in 2011. In Jordan, the protests were essentially with the global commodity markets (AFESD et al, 2010). Not directed against the failure of successive governments to so countries such as Algeria, Libya, Sudan and Yemen, where address serious economic issues and combat unemployment. local capital markets are not directly linked to global markets. In Bahrain, demonstrations were more political in nature and, However, as their economies also rely on oil revenue, the Brent to some extent, sectarian. crude price significantly affects their fiscal policy. In part, the upheaval in the Arab world was a reaction by In, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Syria and technology-savvy young Arabs to decades of political Tunisia, where the banking sector is dependent on national stagnation and the failure of some Arab governments borrowing sources, the economy was not directly affected to afford people adequate levels of socio-economic by fluctuations in global capital markets. Such countries development. Within a couple of years, however, the failure nevertheless felt these external economic shocks through their of the Arab Spring to deliver on its promises had left many close association with the markets of developed countries disillusioned. One of the great beneficiaries of the Arab and other major trading partners in the European Union (EU) Spring was the Muslim Brotherhood movement, which and USA. Needless to say, their exports depend primarily on won the election in Egypt in mid-2012; barely a year later, demand from the developed countries, in addition to income President Mohamed Morsi was deposed, following mass from tourism, remittances from expatriate workers and foreign popular protests at the Muslim Brotherhood’s failure to build direct investment (FDI) flows (AFESD et al, 2010). a national consensus to address the country’s problems. Since 2015, there have been repeated clashes between the The inability of most Arab countries since 2008 to address government of President Abdel Fattah al-Sissi and the Muslim socio-economic needs effectively and ensure that their Brotherhood, which is now considered a terrorist organization economies have kept pace with population growth has created by the governments of several Arab and non-Arab countries, widespread frustration. Even before the economic crisis of including Bahrain, Egypt, the Russian Federation, Saudi 2008, unemployment in the Arab world was high,2 at around Arabia, Syria and the United Arab Emirates. The Egyptian 12%. Young job seekers constitute over 40% of the region’s government has, meanwhile, forged ahead with its ambitious unemployed. Today, over 30% of the population of Arab states expansion of the Suez Canal (Box 17.1) and, in March 2015, is aged less than 15 years. As of 2013, most Arab states had organized a major conference in Sharm El-Sheikh on the Chapter 17 achieved a gross tertiary enrolment rate of more than 30% theme of economic development (see p. 435). and even above 40% for Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Saudi Arabia but they have failed to create the appropriate value Military spending is eating up resources for chain of job openings required to absorb the spreading pool of development graduates. Military spending in the Middle East increased by 4% in 2013 to an estimated US$ 150 billion. Saudi Arabia’s own budget shot up by 14% to US$ 67 billion, allowing it to leapfrog over 1. Although members of the League of Arab States, Djibouti and Somalia are profiled the UK, Japan and France to become the world’s fourth- in Chapter 19 on East and Central Africa. largest military spender behind the USA, China and the 2. with a few exceptions, such as Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates Russian Federation, according to the Stockholm International 431 UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT Box 17.1: Upgrading the Suez Canal The Suez Canal provides a vital shipping and thereby cut the waiting time for ships (US$ 8.4 billion) had been raised, link between Europe and Asia. On from 11 to 3 hours. The area around the according to the Egyptian central bank, 5 August 2014, Egyptian President canal (76 000 km²) is being turned into an through the issuance of 500 million Abdel Fattah Al-Sissi announced plans international industrial and logistics hub. shares reserved for Egyptians. The for a ‘new’ Suez Canal that would run in Officials expect the new development to government inaugurated the new canal parallel to the current waterway. This was boost annual revenue from the canal, which on 6 August 2015. to be the first major expansion of this vital is operated by the state-owned Suez Canal trading route in its 145-year history. Authority, from US$ 5 billion at present Despite widespread acknowledgment to US$ 13.5 billion. In October 2014, work that the project is an economic The Egyptian plan to upgrade the Suez began on deepening the Suez Canal. necessity, some scientists fear that that it Canal could raise its capacity from 49 could damage the marine ecosystem. A to 97 passing ships a day by 2023. The Some shipping industry executives had group of 18 scientists from 12 countries current Suez Canal, which connects the expressed doubts as to whether Egypt could published a letter in 2014 in the journal Mediterranean with the Red Sea, can obtain sufficient funding to finish the project of Biological Invasions calling on the mostly only facilitate one-way traffic on schedule. The Egyptian government Egyptian government to take steps to and is too narrow at some points for was adamant that the project would not minimize any ecological damage. vessels to pass one another. The new be dependent on foreign funding. By canal is expected to solve this problem September 2014, the total amount needed Source: compiled by authors Peace Research Institute3 (see also Figure 17.1) However, the The voice and accountability indicator over the past ten largest increase in the region (27%) came from Iraq, which is years has been disappointing, according to Kaufmann et al. reconstituting its armed forces. (2011; 2013). In 2013, the scores for the top five Arab states (Tunisia, Lebanon, Morocco, Kuwait and Jordan) were low The escalating pressures on Arab states, particularly those by international standards (between the 45th and 25th related to security and counterterrorism – including military percentiles). Algeria, Iraq, Libya and Palestine show some confrontations with radical groups such as Al Qaida and improvement but, overall, 12 Arab states registered a decline Da’esh –, have spurred the governments of these countries to in voice and accountability between 2003 and 2013, namely: increase their own military spending. Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and the United Arab Emirates. Still a long way to go to improve governance There is little doubt that corruption has played a pivotal role An economic downturn in most Mashreq countries in the outbreak of turmoil since 2010. Available estimates The countries of the Mashreq have a population of about suggest that the smuggling of funds amounted annually to 196 million, or 53.4% of the Arab population. With the US$ 2 billion in Egypt and US$ 1 billion in Tunisia, according exception of Iraq, they have few oil reserves. Thanks to to the institution charged with monitoring the soundness of high commodity prices for oil, Iraq was able to weather the global financial sector (Global Financial Integrity, 2013). the global financial crisis better than its neighbours. The This amount represented 3.5% of Tunisia’s GDP and 2% of slump in Sudan’s economy in 2012, however, was more Egypt’s in 2005. a consequence of the birth of South Sudan in 2011 and subsequent skirmishes between the two Sudans than the Government effectiveness has deteriorated in several Arab impact of global shocks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 103 South-South Cooperation and the Changing Role Of
    SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE GULF STATES Kristian Coates Ulrichsen1 This article assesses the role of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates) in the framework of South-South Cooperation. It charts the different phases of engagement between the Gulf States and other developing countries, and the shifting dynamics that underpinned them. These phrases demonstrated profound changes that reflected policymaking calibrations in response to domestic, regional and international catalysts. When read together, the internal and external forces that press upon the GCC States shape the analytical perspective of this article. Further, these internal and external pressures shaped the Gulf States’ contributions to South-South Cooperation, and framed the intra-regional and international realignments within which GCC engagements took place. The opening section examines the deeply entrenched historical dynamics that initially limited the Gulf States’ relationships with the Global South. These entrenched dynamics included the conservative leanings of their post- traditional systems of government and the Gulf States’ enmeshment in Western spheres of influence, politically and militarily. These shaped the international politics of the Gulf States and insulated their polities from many forces that swept the developing world during the 1950s and 1960s. This period, nevertheless, witnessed the countervailing beginnings of trans- national interconnections that bound the Gulf States to other developing nations, initially through the provision of overseas development assistance and the patronage of international Islamic organisations. In the 1980s and 1990s, these growing cross- border links became intermeshed with highly accelerated globalizing processes. Contemporaneously, the end of the Cold War facilitated normalization with China and post-communist states that transitioned to market economies.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) Arab
    GULF CO- OPERATION COUNCIL ( GCC) 73 Official language: English. exploiting these resources on scientific bases; to increase agricultural Headquarters: PO Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal. productive efficiency and achieve agricultural integration between Website: http://www.saarc-sec.org the Arab States and countries; to increase agricultural production Secretary-General: Arjun Bahadur Thapa (Nepal). with a view to achieving a higher degree of self-sufficiency; to facilitate the exchange of agricultural products between the Arab States and countries; to enhance the establishment of agricultural ventures and industries; and to increase the standards of living of the labour force engaged in the agricultural sector. Arab Fund for Economic and Organization. The structure comprises a General Assembly Social Development (AFESD) consisting of ministers of agriculture of the member states, an Executive Council, a Secretariat General, seven technical — Established in 1968, the Fund commenced operations in 1974. departments Food Security, Human Resources Development, Water Resources, Studies and Research, Projects Execution, Functions. AFESD is an Arab regional financial institution that Technical Scientific Co-operation, and Financial Administrative assists the economic and social development of Arab countries Department—and two centres—the Arab Center for Agricultural through: financing development projects, with preference given to Information and Documentation, and the Arab Bureau for overall Arab development and to joint Arab projects; encouraging Consultation and Implementation of Agricultural Projects. the investment of private and public funds in Arab projects; and providing technical assistance services for Arab economic and Members. Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, social development. Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria*, Tunisia, Members.
    [Show full text]
  • Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East?
    Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East? By Dr. John Duke Anthony Published: February 19, 2004 SUSRIS Editor’s Note: This article originally appeared in History in Dispute, Volume 14, The Middle East Since 1945, First Series by David W. Lesch, Editor. Available online at: http://susris.com/2004/02/19/has-saudi-arabia-been-a-positive-influence-in-the-middle-east/ Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East? By Dr. John Duke Anthony Published 19 February 2004 by the Saudi-U.S. Relations Information Service Has Saudi Arabia Been a Positive Influence in the Middle East? Viewpoint: Yes. Saudi Arabia has been successful in building up its infrastructure amid relative political stability and it has been a moderating influence in the region. Saudi Arabia is a one-of-a-kind country. Alone among the world’s 212 countries, the kingdom is the only one to have entered the international comity of nations in the twentieth century not out from under Western imperial rule. For the past seventy years it is unrivaled in being the United States’ longest-standing Arab ally. State revenues from the Saudi’s prodigious supplies of oil began in the late 1930s. However, these revenues were not large until following the oil embargo of 1973–1974, begun in conjunction with the October 1973 Arab-Israeli War. The Kingdom then entered an era of modernization and development unmatched by any other developing nation and, indeed, by few among the older, industrialized societies in any region. Beginning in the late 1960s, and against persistent advice from international consultants, Saudi leaders began adding a technologically advanced industrial base to its energy sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Patience and Comparative Development*
    Patience and Comparative Development* Thomas Dohmen Benjamin Enke Armin Falk David Huffman Uwe Sunde May 29, 2018 Abstract This paper studies the role of heterogeneity in patience for comparative devel- opment. The empirical analysis is based on a simple OLG model in which patience drives the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, productivity improve- ments, and hence income. Based on a globally representative dataset on patience in 76 countries, we study the implications of the model through a combination of reduced-form estimations and simulations. In the data, patience is strongly corre- lated with income levels, income growth, and the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, and productivity. These relationships hold across countries, sub- national regions, and individuals. In the reduced-form analyses, the quantitative magnitude of the relationship between patience and income strongly increases in the level of aggregation. A simple parameterized version of the model generates comparable aggregation effects as a result of production complementarities and equilibrium effects, and illustrates that variation in preference endowments can account for a considerable part of the observed variation in per capita income. JEL classification: D03, D90, O10, O30, O40. Keywords: Patience; comparative development; factor accumulation. *Armin Falk acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council through ERC # 209214. Dohmen, Falk: University of Bonn, Department of Economics; [email protected], [email protected]. Enke: Harvard University, Department of Economics; [email protected]. Huffman: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Economics; huff[email protected]. Sunde: University of Munich, Department of Economics; [email protected]. 1 Introduction A long stream of research in development accounting has documented that both pro- duction factors and productivity play an important role in explaining cross-country income differences (Hall and Jones, 1999; Caselli, 2005; Hsieh and Klenow, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    ISSN: 2051-0861 Publication details, including guidelines for submissions: https://journals.le.ac.uk/ojs1/index.php/nmes From Dictatorship to “Democracy”: Neoliberal Continuity and Its Crisis in Tunisia Author(s): Mehmet Erman Erol To cite this article: Erol, Mehmet Erman (2020) ―From Dictatorship to ―Democracy‖: Neoliberal Continuity and Its Crisis in Tunisia‖, New Middle Eastern Studies 10 (2), pp. 147- 163. Online Publication Date: 30 December 2020 Disclaimer and Copyright The NMES editors make every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information contained in the journal. However, the Editors and the University of Leicester make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any purpose of the content and disclaim all such representations and warranties whether express or implied to the maximum extent permitted by law. Any views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and not the views of the Editors or the University of Leicester. Copyright New Middle Eastern Studies, 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from New Middle Eastern Studies, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed, in writing. Terms and Conditions This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacists' Knowledge and Attitudes About Natural
    Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes about natural health products: a mixed-methods study Nadir Kheir Objectives: To explore knowledge and attitude of pharmacists in Qatar towards natural health Hoda Y Gad products (NHPs). Safae E Abu-Yousef Methods: The quantitative component of this study consisted of an anonymous, online, self- administered questionnaire to assess knowledge about NHPs among pharmacists in Qatar. College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Al Tarfa, Doha, Qatar Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were conducted using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS®). Means and standard deviation were used to analyze descriptive data, and statistical significance was expressed as P-value, where P0.05 was considered statistically significant. Associations between variables were measured using Pearson correlation. The quali- tative component utilized focus group (FG) meetings with a purposive sample of community pharmacists. Meetings were conducted until a point of saturation was reached. FG discussions were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a framework approach to sort the data according to emerging themes. Results: The majority of participants had average to poor knowledge about NHPs while only around 7% had good knowledge. In the FG meetings, participants considered the media, medi- cal representatives, and old systems of natural health as major source of their knowledge. They criticized undergraduate pharmacy courses (for inadequately preparing pharmacists to deal with NHPs) and the pharmacy regulations (for being irrelevant). A perception of NHPs as being “safe” still exists among pharmacists. Conclusions: Pharmacists’ ability to provide effective services associated with NHPs is limited by poor access to evidence-based information and poor knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • NUMBER 06 / AUGUST 2019 La Situation Économique Et Sociale Au Liban Ne Cesse De Se Détériorer
    NUMBER 06 / AUGUST 2019 La situation économique et sociale au Liban ne cesse de se détériorer. Le chômage atteint des sommets, on parle de 35% des jeunes diplômés, et plus de 25% de la population active ! A publication by Il a donc fallu innover, créer de Fair Trade Lebanon nouvelles opportunités notamment avec un focus export : Chief Editor: Philippe Adaimé Ainsi donc Fair Trade Lebanon a Assistant Chief Editor: pu renforcer sa présence au Etats- Christy Massabni Unis avec un partenariat fort avec Sahadi's. De même, FTL a renforcé sa présence en Europe avec une Copywriters: entité en France qui lui distribue ses Maya Masri produits. Pour cela un large travail de Ghada Marine "rebranding" a été lancé pour rajeunir la marque Terroirs du Liban et la Contributors: rendre plus attirante. Alexandre Salha Et au Liban, FTL a œuvré pour créer Benoit Berger un marché de produits frais, Souk Christian Kamel Jana Loubnan. Avec le ministère de Joe Abi Harb l’agriculture, FTL organise donc ce BECAUSE TRADE CAN Lamia Karaki marché ambulant pour permettre aux BE FAIR, LEBANESE Lucie Venet producteurs d’écouler leurs produits frais. Cette action a été possible grâce Marie-Christine Nawfal SOCIETY CAN BE FAIR. au soutien du projet Ardi, financé par LET’S STRUGGLE TO Michel Yanni l’Union Européenne et implémenté Omar Chehaidi par Expertise France. BUILD A FAIR TRADE Ossama El Kaoukji Par ailleurs, FTL s’est largement COMMUNITY TO Patricia Kebbé investi dans le développement du CREATE HOPE AND Samir Abdelmalak concept Fair Trade au Liban et aussi à l’international.
    [Show full text]
  • Nswis Annual Report 2010/2011
    nswis annual report 2010/2011 NSWIS Annual Report For further information on the NSWIS visit www.nswis.com.au NSWIS a GEOFF HUEGILL b NSWIS For further information on the NSWIS visit www.nswis.com.au nswis annual report 2010/2011 CONtENtS Minister’s Letter ............................................................................... 2 » Bowls ...................................................................................................................41 Canoe Slalom ......................................................................................................42 Chairman’s Message ..................................................................... 3 » » Canoe Sprint .......................................................................................................43 CEO’s Message ................................................................................... 4 » Diving ................................................................................................................. 44 Principal Partner’s Report ......................................................... 5 » Equestrian ...........................................................................................................45 » Golf ......................................................................................................................46 Board Profiles ..................................................................................... 6 » Men’s Artistic Gymnastics .................................................................................47
    [Show full text]
  • Energy and Arab Economic Development
    Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series Energy and Arab Economic Development Bassam Fattouh & Laura El-Katiri United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States United Nations Development Programme Regional Bureau for Arab States Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series 2012 Energy and Arab Economic Development Bassam Fattouh & Laura El-Katiri The Arab Human Development Report Research Paper Series is a medium for sharing recent research commissioned to inform the Arab Human Development Report, and fur- ther research in the field of human development. The AHDR Research Paper Series is a quick-disseminating, informal publication whose titles could subsequently be revised for publication as articles in professional journals or chapters in books. The authors include leading academics and practitioners from the Arab countries and around the world. The findings, interpretations and conclusions are strictly those of the authors and do not neces- sarily represent the views of UNDP or United Nations Member States. The present paper was authored by Bassam Fattouh* and Laura El-Katiri**. * Director of the Oil & Middle East Programme Oxford Institute for Energy Studies 57 Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6FA, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1865 311377 – Fax: +44 (0)1865 310527 Email: [email protected] ** Research Fellow at the Oil and the Middle East Programme Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Tel: +44(0)1865 889134 – Fax: +44 (0)1865 310527 Email: [email protected]. The authors would like to thank Theodore Murphy and Majid Al-Moneef for their very helpful comments on this paper. Abstract Like no other region, energy resources have shaped the Arab world and its modern-day develop- ment trajectory.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement in the Middle East and North Africa Region
    Pharmaceutical pricing and reimbursement in the Middle East and North Africa region A mapping of the current landscape and options for the future Panos Kanavos, Victoria Tzouma, Anna-Maria Fontrier, Bregtje Kamphuis, Georgia Colville Parkin & Shadi Saleh November 2018 Pricing and Reimbursement in the Middle East and North Africa region This research was commissioned via LSE Consulting which was set up by the London School of Economics and Political Science to enable and facilitate the application of its academic expertise and intellectual resources. LSE Consulting LSE Enterprise Limited London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE (T) +44 (0)20 7955 7128 (E) [email protected] (W) lse.ac.uk/consultancy Pricing and Reimbursement in the Middle East and North Africa region Report authors Dr Panos Kanavos is Associate Professor in International Health Policy in the Department of Health Policy and Deputy Director of LSE Health, London School of Economics (LSE). Victoria Tzouma is Associate Director in Health Economic s and Policy at the Medical Technology Research Group/LSE Health, LSE. Anna-Maria Fontrier is Research Associate at the Medical Technology Research Group/LSE Health, LSE. Bregtje Kamphuis is Assistant Director in Health Policy at the Medical Technology Research Group/LSE Health, LSE. Georgia Colville Parkin is Research Associate at the Medical Technology Research Group/LSE Health, LSE. Professor Shadi Saleh is Professor of Health System and Financing, American University of Beirut. Copyright © 2018 by the Authors (P.G. Kanavos, V. Tzouma, A-M. Fontrier, B. Kamphuis, G. Colville Parkin, S. Saleh). ISBN: 978-1-909890-54-1 i Pricing and Reimbursement in the Middle East and North Africa region Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of Americ a (PhRMA).
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 112 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 112 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 157 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 2011 No. 141 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was whether or not this is a good idea for dressed that. We had 3.8 percent unem- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- our country. It’s class warfare. It will ployment. pore (Mr. MCCLINTOCK). hurt job creation. You know, these are What have they done to create a sin- gle job so far this year? Nothing. In f arguments. It won’t raise money. These are arguments that certainly are fact, they eliminated jobs. But, you DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO very, very telling. know, that’s because we want to give TEMPORE In fact, I have some direct quotes the job creators a break. We don’t want The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- from one Representative: ‘‘This is real- to tax them, all to protect tax cuts. fore the House the following commu- ly the Dr. Kevorkian plan for our econ- And then, finally, the final quote nication from the Speaker: omy. It will kill jobs, kill businesses, about we don’t have a revenue problem; we have a spending problem is from WASHINGTON, DC, and yes, kill even the higher tax reve- September 21, 2011. nues that these suicidal tax increasers then Representative BOEHNER, now I hereby appoint the Honorable TOM hope to gain.’’ Speaker BOEHNER. MCCLINTOCK to act as Speaker pro tempore Another Representative: ‘‘Class war- Now, of course, our taxes are at 15 on this day.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Trained Nurses Transitioning to Qatar
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by British Columbia's network of post-secondary digital repositories WESTERN TRAINED NURSES TRANSITIONING TO QATAR: PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR NURSING ROLE by CARNELLE SYMES A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard ............................................................................... Dr. Barbara Astle, PhD; Thesis Supervisor ................................................................................ Sonya Jakubec; Second Reader ................................................................................ Dr. Sheryl Reimer-Kirkham , Ph.D.; External Examiner TRINITY WESTERN UNIVERSITY January 2015 © Carnelle Symes Nurses transition to Qatar 2 Table of Contents Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Acknowledgements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 Chapter 1: Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Background ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 Definition of terms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Nursing Role ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]