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Observations on Zooplankton in Some Lagoons in Turkey

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Observations on Zooplankton in Some Lagoons in Turkey J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment Vol. 18, No.2: 208-222 (2012) RESEARCH ARTICLE Observations on zooplankton in some lagoons in Turkey M. Ruşen Ustaoğlu *, Didem Özdemir Mis, Cem Aygen Section of Limnology, Department of Hydrobiology, Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, TURKEY *Corresponding author : [email protected] Absract In this study, zooplankton samples collected from some lagoons in 1995 and 1996 with the scope of management and development strategies and improvement project of lagoons in Turkey coasts were used. In total, samples of 35 lagoons were studied, including 5 of Black Sea lagoons, 8 of Sea of Marmara lagoons, 15 of Aegean Sea lagoons, and 7 of Mediterranean Sea lagoons. As a result, 125 taxa were found, including 64 Rotifera, 24 Cladocera, and 32 Copepoda and 5 Ostracoda. Key words: Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, lagoons, Turkey Introduction A lagoon is a body of shallow sea water or brackish water separated from the sea by some form of barrier. The EU's habitat directive defines lagoons as "expanses of shallow coastal salt water, of varying salinity or water volume, wholly or partially separated from the sea by sand banks or shingle, or, less frequently, by rocks. Salinity may vary from brackish water to hyper salinity depending on rainfall, evaporation and through the addition of fresh seawater from storms, temporary flooding by the sea in winter or tidal exchange". Lagoons are also ecotones between freshwater, marine and terrestrial biotopes, which abiotic structure is therefore forced by coastal geomorphological processes, hydrological processes, natural vegetation and land use in the watershed. The lagoons cover more than 60,000 hectares in the coastal regions of Turkey. Approximately 50% and 35% of lagoonal areas are located in the Mediterranean and Aegean coasts of Turkey, respectively (Yerli, 1999). First studies on the zooplankton of Turkey’s lagoons (Miliç, Bafa, Güllük and Köyceğiz Lakes) were made by Demirhindi (1972). Lake Balık located on 208 Kızılırmak Delta, Lake Uzungöl, Lake Çernek and Lake Liman were the other lagoon lakes, where the zooplankton studies concentrated (Gündüz 1989, 1990, 1991a, 1991b; Emir 1990; Gündüz et al. 2005; Demirkalp et al. 2004, 2010; Bekleyen and Taş 2008). In recent years, Ustaoğlu and Balık (1990) studied on the zooplankton of Lake Gebekirse, Kazancı et al. (1992) studied on the limnology of Lake Köyceğiz, Özçalkap and Temel (2011) studied on the zooplankton of Lake Küçükçekmece, respectively. With this study, conducted in 35 lagoons of Turkey, we aim to provide the basis for further studies on the zooplankton. Materials and Methods The zooplankton samples of the project about the management and development strategies on Turkey’s Lagoons, collected in 1995 and 1996, were evaluated. In total, samples of 35 lagoons were studied, including 5 of Black Sea lagoons, 8 of Sea of Marmara lagoons, 15 of Aegean Sea lagoons, and 7 of Mediterranean Sea lagoons (Figure 1). A summary of some key features of sampled lagoons is presented in Table 1. Major environmental variables such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, were measured in situ . pH was measured with Oxyguard Model pH meter. Dissolved oxygen was measured with Oxyguard Mod. MKIII oxygen meter and salinity was measured with Atago S/Mill cat.2441 refractometer (Table 2). Collection of zooplankton materials were made by filtering of 50 l water with a plankton collector of 55 µm mesh. Samples were fixed and stored in 4% formalin solution. Several taxonomic books were used for species classification, such as Ruttner-Kolisko (1974), Stemberger (1979), Koste (1978), Segers (1995), Nogrady and Segers (2002) Flössner (1972), Smirnov (1974, 1992, 1996), Negrea (1983), Korovchinsky (1992), Benzie (2005), Kotov and Stifter (2006), Rylov (1963), Dussart (1967, 1969), Kiefer (1978), Einsle (1996), Henderson (1990) and Meisch (2000). 209 Figure 1. Geographical locations of Turkish lagoons. Table 1. The general features of lagoons studied (BS: Black Sea, SM: Sea of Marmara, AS: Aegean Sea, MS: Mediterranean Sea). No Locality County Sea Coordinates Area Depth (ha) (m) 1 Lake Balık Bafra-Samsun BS 41°36′05″N 1300 1.7 36°05′10″E 2 Lake Tatlıgöl Bafra-Samsun BS 41°34′10″N 52 1.0 36°03 ′49″E 3 Lake Uzungöl Bafra-Samsun BS 41°35′33″N 293 1.0 36°06′33″E 4 Lake Çernek Bafra-Samsun BS 41°37′46″N 589 1.1 36°04 ′08″E 5 Lake Gıcı Bafra-Samsun BS 41°35′07″N 125 1.0 36°04′05″E 6 Lake Hersek Karamürsel-Yalova SM 40°43′12″N 150 5.0 29°30′25″E 7 Lake Arapçiftliği Karacabey-Bursa SM 40°24′35″N 550 4.0 28°30 ′42″E 8 Lake Poyraz (Dalyan) Karacabey-Bursa SM 40°23′15″N 170 * 28°28′23″E 9 Lake Yarıntı Misakça-Balıkesir SM * 19 5.0 10 Lake Tahir Misakça-Balıkesir SM 40°31′66″N 5 * 27°58′33″E 11 Tuzlu Azmak Misakça-Balıkesir SM * 6 * 12 Lake Hoyrat Karabiga-Çanakkale SM 40°19′04″N 10 1.5 27°26′22″E 13 Lake Çardak Buruniçi Lapseki-Çanakkale SM 40°23′12″N 180 3.5 26°42 ′16″E 14 Lake Taşaltı Enez-Edirne AS 40°4247″N 30 0.4 26°05′10″E 210 Table 1 Continued. No Locality County Sea Coordinates Area Depth (ha) (m) 15 Lake Dalyan Enez-Edirne AS 40°42′50″N 250 0.7 26°03′02″E 16 Lake Bücürmene Enez-Edirne AS 40°42′27″N 50 1.0 26°03′54″E 17 Lake Dalyan Çandarlı-Đzmir AS * 50 * 18 Homa Lagoon Đzmir AS 38°33′04″N 900 0.5 26°51′59″E 19 Raufpaşa Lagoon Đzmir AS * 850 1.5 20 Çakalburnu Lagoon Đzmir AS * 150 1.0 21 Lake Gebekirse Selçuk-Đzmir AS 37°59′11″N 60 5.0 27°18′14″E 22 Karine Lagoon Söke-Aydın AS 37°35′37″N 2460 1.0 27°10′40″E 23 Karaca Lagoon Yenihisar-Aydın AS 37°31′55″N 538 1.0 27°11 ′27″E 24 Kabahayıt Lagoon Yenihisar-Aydın AS 37°28′35″N 305 * 27°12′59″E 25 Lake Bafa Yenihisar-Aydın AS * 6500 * 26 Güllük Lagoon Milas-Muğla AS * 25 5.0 27 Tuzla Lagoon Milas-Muğla AS * 320 2.0 28 Lake Köyceğiz Köyceğiz-Muğla AS 36°54′58″N 5500 * 28°33′34″E 29 Lake Gelemiş Kaş-Antalya MS 36°15′54″N 7 0.5 29°18 ′53″E 30 Lake Akgöl Silifke-Đçel MS 36°17′42″N 820 0.5 33°59′52″E 31 Paradeniz Lagoon Silifke-Đçel MS 36°18′10″N 590 1.2 34°00′55″E 32 Lake Tuzla Tuzla-Adana MS 36°42′12″N 800 * 35°02′41″E 33 Akyatan Lagoon Karataş-Adana MS 36°35′02″N 5000 0.4 35°19′19″E 34 Ağyatan Lagoon Karataş-Adana MS 36°34′53″N 1100 * 35°32′32″E 35 Çamlık Lagoon Yumurtalık-Adana MS 36°42′38″N 1300 * 35°36′11″E * Not measured. 211 Table 2. Some physico-chemical properties of studied lagoons. No Locality Depth Temp. Salinity D. Oxygen pH (m) (°C) (‰) (mg/L) 1 Lake Balık 0.9-1.5 12.9-26.9 0-6 9.5-13.2 8.28-9.15 2 Lake Tatlıgöl 0.8-1.0 13.4-27.9 0-4 10.0-17.3 8.20-9.60 3 Lake Uzungöl 0.6 -1.5 12.5 -26.8 0-2 9.3 -12.8 8.22 -9.20 4 Lake Çernek 0.8-1.4 15.7-30.3 0-10 7.4-10.2 8.38-9.56 5 Lake Gıcı 1.0 -1.3 12.8 -26.8 4 8.9 -17.4 8.11 -9.96 6 Lake Hersek 0.5 * 31 * * 7 Lake Arapçiftliği 0.5 3.0 10 * * 8 Lake Poyraz (Dalyan) * 3.0 11-13 * * 9 Lake Yarıntı 1.0 9.3 22 * * 10 Lake Tahir 1.0 10.5 28 * * 11 Tuzlu Azmak 1.2 7.7 28 * * 12 Lake Hoyrat 1.0 -1.2 * 15 * * 13 Lake Çardak Buruniçi 2.0-3.0 * 25 * * 14 Lake Taşaltı 0.5-0.8 7.1-22.4 1-22 7.5-11.1 7.89-8.39 15 Lake Dalyan 0.3-1.0 7.6-22.6 1-33 3.8-12.7 7.76-8.38 16 Lake Bücürmene 0.9-1.0 8.1-33.8 32-35 8.8-12.5 7.94-8.29 17 Lake Dalyan 1.0 * 12 * * 18 Homa Lagoon 1.0 * 43-54 * * 19 Raufpaşa Lagoon 1.0 * 39 * * 20 Çakalburnu Lagoon 0.5 * 38 * * 21 Lake Gebekirse 2.0 -3.0 * 4-5 * * 22 Karine Lagoon 0.5-1.0 * 21-45 * * 23 Karaca Lagoon 1.0 * 40-41 * * 24 Kabahayıt Lagoon 1.0 * 40-41 * * 25 Lake Bafa 15.0 * 2-15 * * 26 Güllük Lagoon 1.0 * 5-9 * * 27 Tuzla Lagoon 0.2-1.0 * 16-17 * * 28 Lake Köyceğiz * * 3-5 * * 29 Lake Gelemiş 1.0 * 11 * * 30 Lake Akgöl 0.5-1.2 12.3-33.3 1-4 8.9-15.1 8.63-10.92 212 Table 2 Continued. No Locality Depth Temp. Salinity D. Oxygen pH (m) (°C) (‰) (mg/L) 31 Paradeniz Lagoon 0.5 -1.3 12.3 -31.0 12 -39 5.4 -9.6 7.98 -8.31 32 Lake Tuzla 1.0-2.0 * 3-22 33 Akyatan Lagoon 0.3-1.8 11.0-31.2 0-33 7.4-15.3 7.92-8.97 34 Ağyatan Lagoon 0.8-1.0 * 15-19 * * 35 Çamlık Lagoon 0.5 * 5-24 * * * Not measured.
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