DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of the Turkmen Dialects of Afghanistan : Phonology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of the Turkmen Dialects of Afghanistan : Phonology A Study of the Turkmen Dialects of Afghanistan Phonology – Morphology – Lexicon – Sociolinguistic Aspects Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Muhammad Salih Rasekh Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekanin der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät Prof. Dr. Julia von Blumenthal Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. phil. Ingeborg Baldauf 2. Prof. Dr. Semih Tezcan Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 07.10.2016 PREFACE The dissertation project whose final written product is submitted here was devoted to the study of the contemporary Turkmen dialects of Afghanistan. At present the Turkmen speaking population of Afghanistan is estimated to make up close to two million. The Turkmen language, which belongs to the South Western or Oghuz group of the Turkic languages, has for centuries been present in the region which is today North Afghanistan but due to various historical reasons has not only not kept pace with the development of some of its neighboring languages, but has even been reduced to the condition of an illiterate idiom which includes a number of dialects but is not united by a shared standard language. The Teke dialect, which in the Republic of Turkmenistan forms the basis of today's standard state language, features among the Afghan Turkmen dialects, but speakers of the Ä:rsarı dialect by far outnumber those of the Teke dialects in Afghanistan. Along with these two most prominent idioms, roughly half a dozen distinct Turkmen dialects are represented on Afghan soil today. The Loya Jirga of 2004, which passed the new Constitution of Afghanistan, has granted the Turkmen language – along with a number of others – the legal status of an official language in all regions inhabited by Turkmen speakers. This has opened a legal path towards unfolding and development of this language under the auspices of democratic progress in the country. While Article 16 of the Constitution warrants the official status of the Turkmen language along with the state languages on all territories inhabited by Turkmen speakers, Article 42 obligates the state to safeguard adequate conditions for the development of all official languages, among them Turkmen. At present the Ministry of Education of Afghanistan supports a department for composition and translation which is in charge of preparing schoolbooks in Turkmen. State radio and television as well as private agencies are broadcasting programs and various publishers are printing books, journals and newspapers in that language. Regardless of all these endeavors, a universally acknowledged standard literary language has as yet not come into being. The most basic reason for this deficit is the continuous lack of secured knowledge about the dialect basis in which such a standard language could be grounded. Therefore this author has undertaken the task of compiling and analyzing materials from all Turkmen dialects of Afghanistan in order to secure a scientific basis for the standardization of a Turkmen language in the future. The product of this scholarly endeavor, which is being submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät) of Humboldt Universität zu Berlin as doctoral dissertation, has come into being under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Ingeborg Baldauf, who has devoted a lifetime's efforts to the study of Central Asian Turkic languages and cultures and has provided my project with unwavering support from its very inception. She has patiently read all draft papers and provided copious feedback on various stages of the project's development; without her suggestions and corrections this piece of scholarly work would not have come into being in its current shape. I am also deeply grateful to Prof. Dr. Semih Tezcan for having agreed, given his comprehensive Turkological expertise and particular familiarity with the Oghuz languages, to be the second reader of my piece. This scholarly work would not have been possible without the generous support of the Afghan Ministry of Higher Education and my home institution, Balkh University of Mazar i Sharif, in particular its honorable Rector Mr. Mukammal Alkuzay and Dean of our Faculty of Languages and Literatures, Prof. Abduljabbar Shaychzada. My repeated long-term leaves for I field and desk work would not have been possible without my respected colleagues Mr. Haji Muhammad Qul, Mrs. Najiya Sadiq, Mrs. Kamila, Mrs. Jamila, Mr. Alla:hmırad and Mr. Penji who were ready to step in for many a replacement over all these years. Erasmus Mundus provided a generous three-year stipend, thus securing the financial basis for my project; I am grateful to the Consortium and to its representative at Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mr. Matthias Parske. Many distinguished colleagues and dear friends have been a continuous source of encouragement, scholarly advice and practical help during my time in Berlin: Mr. and Mrs. F. Ömer Akakça and Ayfer Durdu, Mansur Baloch, Ahmad Azizy, Dr. Thomas Loy, PD Dr. Lutz Rzehak, Mr. Gerhard Baldauf, Mr. Yusuf kö:r and Mrs. Zacharias, as well as many master and PhD students of the Central Asia Department. To all of them and to those whom I may have failed to remember here I extend my sincere gratitude. Last but not least I should like to thank my friends back home in Afghanistan, who shared the joys and difficulties of this work over the years and without whose benevolence and help I could not possibly have undergone this dissertation project, and my dear close and extended family, who have mentally and technically supported my work at all times. My very special thanks, however, go to all the people who have generously shared their knowledge and life time in support of this scholarly project, united by our common goal to further the development of the Turkmen language and culture in Afghanistan: Turkmen gentlemen, ladies, students and children from all parts of North East, North and North West Afghanistan wherever our beloved mother tongue is thriving – above all the honorable Mr. Muhammed Nazari, Dr. Muhammed Siddiq Emini, Mr. Anna Baǧshi, Mr. Haji Abdullresul Rasul, Mr. Haji Shageldi, and Mr. Penji who spared neither time nor effort to enable me to collect the materials necessary for my study, and provided information and inspiration whenever I needed them. The list of names I would have to enumerate here is much longer than the "List of Informants" provided in the Appendix. To all benefactors and supporters, whose forgiveness I ask for not specifically naming them here, I extend my deep appreciation. II CONTENTS PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………..……………...I CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………………….III 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………..…………………..…..1 1.1. The aim of this study …………………………………….…………...……….……..5 1.2. State of research on the Turkmen dialects ………………….………............……….5 2. The Turkmens of Afghanistan and their dialects ……………….……….............…..10 2.1. Turkmens and the regions inhabited by them ………………….….……….……….10 2.1.1. Ärsa:rı ……………………………………….…………..……………..….....14 2.1.2. Sa:rıq ……………………………………….………………………………...15 2.1.3. Teke ………………………………………....…………………………….....16 2.1.4. Yomut ……………………………………….…………………………….....17 2.1.5. Salır ………………………………….…………………………………….....17 2.1.6. Yemreli ………………………………………….……………...…………....18 2.1.7. Qarqın ……………………………………………….…...……………… … 19 2.1.8. Ča:yı ………………………………………………………………………....19 2.1.9. Bayat ……………………………………………………...………….……...19 2.1.10. Muqrı ……………………………….…………………………….………....20 2.1.11. Xaṭab ……………………………..………………………...……..………....20 2.1.12. Surxı ………………………………..……………………….…………….....21 2.1.13. Xoja:mba:z ……………………..………………………………..…………..21 2.2. The Turkmen dialects …………………………………………………...………….23 2.2.1. The Turkmen dialects of Afghanistan and their neighboring languages .….. 24 2.2.2. Some sociolinguistic phenomena …………………………………….......... .27 2.2.2.1. Dialect difference: Politeness …………………………….........….…28 2.2.2.2. Dialect difference: Address ………………………………….........…31 2.2.2.3. Dialect difference: Incompatibility and misunderstanding ………….32 2.2.2.4. The urban and the rural ………………………………… .....…........ 33 2.2.2.5. Muhājirs and the others ……………………………………....…..….34 2.2.2.6. Literates and illiterates ……………………………………….....…....35 2.2.2.7. Social status ………………………………………………………….38 2.2.2.8. Gender ………………………………………………………….........39 2.2.2.9. Diglossia and dialect shift …………………………….....………......40 2.2.2.10. Other Turkic idioms ………………………………………....….…....42 2.2.2.11. The language of media ……………………………………..….……..44 3. Methodological and technical remarks ………………………………………..………47 3.1. Fieldwork ………………………………………………………….....………….......47 3.2. Sample and data processing …………………………………………............………48 3.3. Technical remarks …………………………………………………...….………...…51 3.4. Abbreviations ..............................................................................................................51 3.5. Symbols …………………………………………………………..………………....51 4. Phonology ……………………………………………………..……………….……......52 4.1. The phonemic inventory …………………………………….......……….………….52 4.1.1. Vowel phonemes …………………………………………....…….…………52 III 4.1.2. Consonant phonemes ………………………………………….......………..54 4.2. Phonological processes: Vowels ………………………………......………………55 4.2.1. Fronting and raising ………………...……………………...………………55 4.2.2. Rounding and unrounding ………………………………..…………...……58 4.2.3. Complex vowel change ……………………………………….…...……….59
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pashtunistan: Pakistan's Shifting Strategy
    AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN PASHTUN ETHNIC GROUP PASHTUNISTAN: P AKISTAN ’ S S HIFTING S TRATEGY ? Knowledge Through Understanding Cultures TRIBAL ANALYSIS CENTER May 2012 Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? P ASHTUNISTAN : P AKISTAN ’ S S HIFTING S TRATEGY ? Knowledge Through Understanding Cultures TRIBAL ANALYSIS CENTER About Tribal Analysis Center Tribal Analysis Center, 6610-M Mooretown Road, Box 159. Williamsburg, VA, 23188 Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? Pashtunistan: Pakistan’s Shifting Strategy? The Pashtun tribes have yearned for a “tribal homeland” in a manner much like the Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. And as in those coun- tries, the creation of a new national entity would have a destabilizing impact on the countries from which territory would be drawn. In the case of Pashtunistan, the previous Afghan governments have used this desire for a national homeland as a political instrument against Pakistan. Here again, a border drawn by colonial authorities – the Durand Line – divided the world’s largest tribe, the Pashtuns, into two the complexity of separate nation-states, Afghanistan and Pakistan, where they compete with other ethnic groups for primacy. Afghanistan’s governments have not recog- nized the incorporation of many Pashtun areas into Pakistan, particularly Waziristan, and only Pakistan originally stood to lose territory through the creation of the new entity, Pashtunistan. This is the foundation of Pakistan’s policies toward Afghanistan and the reason Pakistan’s politicians and PASHTUNISTAN military developed a strategy intended to split the Pashtuns into opposing groups and have maintained this approach to the Pashtunistan problem for decades. Pakistan’s Pashtuns may be attempting to maneuver the whole country in an entirely new direction and in the process gain primacy within the country’s most powerful constituency, the military.
    [Show full text]
  • Jmc-Pmay-B-Ews1 11-12-2020 5:44:33Pm
    Result of Draw of Flat under PMAY Yojna JMC-PMAY-B-EWS1 Bedi Railway Overbridge, Jamnagar Date : 11-12-2020 5:44:33PM Sr. Appl. No. Name & Address Category Flat No. No. 1 B-EWS 1-206-443 FAFAL KHETIBEN TESHIBHAI SC Bedi/EWS1-A-106 BOMBE DAVA BAJAR COLONY,NAHERUNAGAR SERI NO.5 ANDHASHRAM PACHHAD,JAMNAGAR 2 B-EWS 1-206-88 PARMAR CHANDRAKANT DHULAB SC Bedi/EWS1-A-202 HARIKRIPA EPARTMENT-103,HIMMATNAGAR SERI NO.4,G.G. HOSPITAL NI PACHHAD 3 B-EWS 1-206-170 VAGHELA HANSHABEN NAVGHANB SC Bedi/EWS1-C-201 SARAKARI HIGH SCHOOL PACHHAD,HARIJAN VAS,UKABHAI VADA NA MAKAN MA, NAVAGAM GHED 4 B-EWS1-16/417 JOD SUSHILABEN BHARATBHAI SC Bedi/EWS1-A-406 MAYAR SAMAJ,VRUDDHASHRAM PASE,KHODIYAR COLONY,JAMNAGAR TRANSFER FROM R.S.16 5 B-EWS1-16/900 MUNRAI ABDUL GANI SC Bedi/EWS1-A-802 18-A,SIDI FALI,IKBAL CHOCK,BEDI,JAMNAGAR TRANSFER FROM R.S.16 6 B-EWS 1-206-409 DAFDA KHETIBEN RAMABHAI SC Bedi/EWS1-A-503 IQBAL CHOAK,BEDI,JAMNAGAR 7 B-EWS 1-206-14 MAKVANA AJAYKUMAR KAMLES SC Bedi/EWS1-A-801 SERI NO.6/4,VAISHALINAGAR,DHARAN AGAR-1,BEDESHAVAR ROAD 8 B-EWS 1-206-205 SHRIMALI ANUPAMA SUNIL SC Bedi/EWS1-C-401 DIGVIJAYGRAM,NIMAZ COLONY,KARABHUNGA VISATAR Printed on Date 11-12-2020 17:45:17 2819248139 Page 1 of 20 Result of Draw of Flat under PMAY Yojna JMC-PMAY-B-EWS1 Bedi Railway Overbridge, Jamnagar Date : 11-12-2020 5:44:33PM Sr.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
    Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9.
    [Show full text]
  • ©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-Building in Europe, 1400–2000
    ©Copyright 2017 Yu Sasaki Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2017 Reading Committee: Anthony Gill, Chair Edgar Kiser Victor Menaldo Steven Pfaff Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Political Science University of Washington Abstract Precocious Enough to Rationalize Culture? Explaining the Success and Failure of Nation-building in Europe, 1400–2000 Yu Sasaki Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Anthony Gill Political Science Why do some ethnic groups consolidate their cultural practices earlier than others? Extant schol- arship in ethnicity, nations, and state-building hypothesizes that the state is the most important determinant. In my dissertation, I argue that it is not the only channel and there are other fac- tors that matter. In three standalone essays, I investigate the role of (1) geography, (2) technology, and (3) public goods provision at the ethnic-group level. I provide a simple conceptual frame- work of how each of these determinants affects cultural consolidation for ethnic groups. I argue that geographical conditions and technology adoption can have a positive impact on ethnic groups’ ability to develop unique cultural attributes without an independent state. Although they may be politically incorporated by stronger groups in the modern period, they still demand self-rule or standardize their vernacular. I also argue that, in contrast with the expectation from the political economy research on ethnicity, cultural consolidation does not always yield public goods provision at the ethnic-group level.
    [Show full text]
  • Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S
    Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (name redacted) Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs (name redacted) Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs November 7, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL30588 Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy Summary The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. The number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led “Resolute Support Mission” (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under “Operation Freedom’s Sentinel” (OFS).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnographic Series, Sidhi, Part IV-B, No-1, Vol-V
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUMEV, PART IV-B, No.1 ETHNOGRAPHIC SERIES GUJARAT Preliminary R. M. V ANKANI, investigation Tabulation Officer, and draft: Office of the CensuS Superintendent, Gujarat. SID I Supplementary V. A. DHAGIA, A NEGROID L IBE investigation: Tabulation Officer, Office of the Census Superintendent, OF GU ARAT Gujarat. M. L. SAH, Jr. Investigator, Office of the Registrar General, India. Fieta guidance, N. G. NAG, supervision and Research Officer, revised draft: Office of the Registrar General, India. Editors: R. K. TRIVEDI, Su perintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat. B. K. Roy BURMAN, Officer on Special Duty, (Handicrafts and Social Studies), Office of the Registrar General, India. K. F. PATEL, R. K. TRIVEDI Deputy Superintendent of Census Superintendent of Census Operations, Gujarat. Operations, Gujarat N. G. NAG, Research Officer, Office' of the Registrar General, India. CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Census of India, 1961 Volume V-Gujarat is being published in the following parts: '" I-A(i) General Report '" I-A(ii)a " '" I-A(ii)b " '" I-A(iii) General Report-Economic Trends and Projections :« I-B Report on Vital Statistics and Fertility Survey :I' I-C Subsidiary Tables '" II-A General Population Tables '" II-B(I) General Economic Tables (Tables B-1 to B-IV-C) '" II-B(2) General Economic Tables (Tables B-V to B-IX) '" II-C Cultural and Migration Tables :t< III Household Economic Tables (Tables B-X to B-XVII) "'IV-A Report on Housing and Establishments :t<IV-B Housing and Establishment
    [Show full text]
  • Turkmen Language: Alphabet, Structure and Writing
    International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation ISSN: 2582-7138 Received: 03-07-2021; Accepted: 19-07-2021 www.allmultidisciplinaryjournal.com Volume 2; Issue 4; July-August 2021; Page No. 663-664 Turkmen Language: Alphabet, structure and writing Homayoun Mahmoodi Lecture, Department of Turkmani, Education Faculty, Jawzjan University, Sheberghan, Afghanistan Corresponding Author: Homayoun Mahmoodi Abstract The Turkmen Language is classified as one of the Turkic people worldwide, with approximately 1 million more languages which are all in the Ural-Altaic language family. speaking it as a second language. The majority of Turkmen Like all Turkic languages, the Turkmen Language is an speakers are located in Eurasia and Central Asia, with the agglutinative language that has productive inflectional and highest concentrations located in Turkmenistan, Iran, and derivational suffixes which are affixed to a word like “beads Afghanistan. on a string”. Turkmen is spoken natively by about 7 million Keywords: Turkmen, Afghanistan, Alphabet, structure 1. Introduction Turkmen are part of the ethno-linguistic Turkic continuum that stretches from western China to western Turkey. They share a claim to western-Turkic (Oguz) heritage along with Azerbaijanis and Turks in Turkey (Golden 1972) [4]. Despite a distinct twenty-first century identity, Turkmen culture and traditions historically overlapped with that of other Turks. The term “Turkic” refers to this cultural and linguistic heritage that all Turkic-language speaking groups share. Nevertheless, a separate Turkmen sense of identity was born out of their particular historical experience. A nomadic heritage, distinctively Oguz dialects, and tribal traditions contribute greatly to the identity that sets Turkmen apart from other Turkic groups and shape a specifically Turkmen sense of ethnic identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Türkmen Halilarindan Öğrendiklerimiz
    ÇÜTAD Çukurova Üniversitesi Cilt 3, Sayı 2 Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Aralık 2018 ISSN: 2587-1900 Geliş Tarihi: 02.10.2018 E-ISSN: 2548-0979 Kabul Tarihi: 10.12.2018 TÜRKMEN HALILARINDAN ÖĞRENDİKLERİMİZ 1 Youssef AZEMOUN (Yusuf AZMUN) ÖZET Batı’da Türkmen halısına karşı gittikçe artan ilgiye rağmen bu halının ancak sanatsal ve teknik özellikleri araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu makale Türkmen halısının bazı özelliklerini dilbilimsel açıdan ele alıyor.Yazıda uzun zamandır tartışma konusu olan halı sözcüğünün nasıl türediği açıklanıyor. Halı terminolojisinde ‘dokumya başlamak’ anlamındaki yügürt- fiili incelenirken Türkmen ağızlarında Türkmen çadırının, toplandıktan sonra yerde bıraktığı daire biçimli izi için yaygın olarak kullanılan yügürt > yüwürt sözcüğünün yardımıyla yurt sözcüğünün nasıl türediği ortaya çıkarılıyor. Aynı şekilde Eski Tükçede ‘kocanın kardeşi’ anlamına gelen yurç sözcüğünün etimolojisi de açıklığa kavuşturuluyor. Nikah kıymak (Azerbaycan Türkçesinde kesmek) birleşik fiili konusunda kimse pek kafa yormamış ve bu söz olduğu gibi kabul edilmiştir. Arapça nikah sözcüğünün Eski Türkçedeki karşılığı ‘düğüm’ anlamındaki tügün’dür. Bu yazıda nikah/ tügün kıymak deyiminin halyla ilgili olduğu açıklanıyor. İngilizcede evlenmek için to tie the not/ düğüm atmak deyimi kullanılırken bu deyimin Türkçe karşılığı tügünü kıymak/ düğümü kesmek’tir. Bunun halı ile ilgili olduğunu bir Türkmen evlilik ritüelinden öğreniyoruz: imam nikah kıyarken Türkmen kadın da bir düğümü keser gibi elindeki makası sürekli açıp kapar. Öte yandan Türkmen halısının en önemli desenine göl denir; her Türkmen boyunun kendisine özgü göl‘ü vardır. Bu desen Şamanizm’in yir sub kültü ile ilgilidir. Yir kavramı da Şamanizm’de kutsal sayılan dağ ile ifade edilir. Dağda yaşayan hayvanlar, meselâ dağ koçu konurbaş da kutsaldır. Türkmen halk müziğinde konurbaş mukamı vardır.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy
    ALTAIC AND CHAGATAY LECTURES Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Altaic and Chagatay Lectures Studies in Honour of Éva Kincses-Nagy Edited by István Zimonyi Szeged – 2021 This publication was supported by the ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group, ELKH Cover illustration: Everyone acts according to his own disposition (Q 17,84, written in nasta’liq) Calligraphy of Mustafa Khudair Letters and Words. Exhibtion of Arabic Calligraphy. Cairo 2011, 35. © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Printed in 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978 963 306 793 2 (printed) ISBN: 978 963 306 794 9 (pdf) Contents Preface ................................................................................................................. 11 ŞÜKRÜ HALÛK AKALIN On the Etymology and Word Formation of Arıbeyi ‘Queen Bee’: How did the Female Bee Become Bey ‘Male Ruler’ in Turkish? ....................... 15 KUTSE ALTIN The Reconstruction of the Motives and Activities of the Last Campaign of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman ........................................................ 21 TATIANA A. ANIKEEVA The Tale of the Epic Cycle of “Kitab-i Dedem Korkut” in Turkish Folklore of the 20th Century ................................................................... 43 İBRAHIM AHMET AYDEMIR Zur Typologie von „Small Clauses” in modernen Türksprachen ........................ 51 LÁSZLÓ BALOGH Notes on the Ethnic and Political Conditions of the Carpathian Basin in the Early 9th Century ........................................................... 61 JÚLIA BARTHA Turkish Heritage of Hungarian Dietary Culture .................................................. 71 BÜLENT BAYRAM An Epic about Attila in Chuvash Literature: Attilpa Krimkilte .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Kitaplardan Haber
    KITAPLARDAN HABER AISTLEITNER, J. Die Mythologischen und Kultischen Texte aus Ras Schamra. Zweite Auflage Akademiai Kiado, Budapest 1964. (Biblio- theca Orientalis Hungarica VIII). 13 Sa. Kitap, Ras ~amradan Mitolojik metinlerle Kilit metinlerinin, J. Aisdeitner ~ taraf~ndan Almancaya yap~lm~~~ olan çevirilerinden meydana gelmektedir. Kitab n muhtevas~~ ~udur : önsöz ve Giri~'ten sonra, Ba'al Metinleri: Ix AB - I AB, V AB, VI AB, II AB, III AB, IV AB, BH, SS. - Nikal Ilahisi (NK). Aqht ~iiri (man- zumesi) (D), II D, III D, I D. "Rephaim" Metinleri (Rp), Keret Efsanesi, I K, ~ ~ ~ III K, II K, No. 2 (1929). Kurban ~ark~lar~, No. 53 Kurban ark s . - Dil üzerine mülâhazalar. - Metinlerin yarmland~klar~~ yerler. BAER, EVA. Sphinxes and Harpies in Medieval Islamic Art. (The Israel Oriental Society-Oriental Notes and Studies No. g.). Jerusalem 1965. XVI + tog Sa. ~~ ~ Bu ikonografik incelemede yazar, Ortaça~~ Islam sanat~ nda insan kafal ku - ~ larla dört ayakl~~ hayvanlar~ n geli~mesi ile karakteristik niteliklerini ve ba ka uygar- l~klarla olan münasebetlerini ele almaktad~r. Ayr~ca, Arab ve Pers (Iran) bilgi alanmda insan ba~l~~ bu gibi varl~klar~n türlü ~ekillerini incelemektedir. Eserin bö- lümleri ~unlard~r: Onsöz ve Levhalar~n listesinden sonra, L Genel Betimleme: : Karakterlendirme 2. Tasvirlerin da~~lma ~ekli : M~s~ r, Ispanya, Sicilya, Iran, Me- zopotamya ve Küçük Asya, Suriye. Haberciler (ilk ~ekiller). II isldm Alan~nda insan ba~l~~ Ku~ : t. Adlar ve betimlemeler, 2. Mürg-ü tidemf, 3. Ankd, 4. Zdsgslir yahut ko- nu~an Kuzgun, 5. Ba~ka uygarl~klar~n etkileri, 6. özet. IIL Tema'lar ve Kompozis- yon'lar : t.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Review of Literature…
    Chapter 2 Review of Literature… Review of Literature….. CHAPTER- II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Conceptual review 2.1.1 History of Kachchh 2.1.1.1 The State 2.1.1.2 Origin of name 2.1.2 History of rulers of Kachchh 2.1.3 Assortment of Textiles in Court of Western India 2.1.3.1 Brocades 2.1.3.2 Silks 2.1.3.3 Mashru 2.1.3.4 Bandhani 2.1.3.5 Laheriya 2.1.3.6 Textile Crafts for Royal wardrobe 2.1.4 History of Indian Royal Garments for Men 2.1.4.1 Upper garments 2.1.4.1.1 Jama 2.1.4.1.2 Angarkha 2.1.4.1.3 Chogha 2.1.4.1.4 Atamsukh 2.1.4.1.5 Chapkan 2.1.4.1.6 Achkan 2.1.4.1.7 Bagalbandi 2.1.4.1.8 Sadri 2.1.4.1.9 Angarkhi 2.1.4.2 Lower garments: Paijama 2.1.4.3 Headdress 2.1.4.3.1 Pagh 2.1.4.3.2 Patka [13] Review of Literature….. 2.1.5 History of Indian Royal Garments for Women 2.1.5.1 Upper garments 2.1.5.1.1 Choli 2.1.5.1.2 Kanchali 2.1.5.1.3 Angia 2.1.5.1.4 Peshwaz 2.1.5.1.5 Kurta 2.1.5.1.6 Saris 2.1.5.2 Lower garments 2.1.5.2.1 Paijama 2.1.5.2.2 Ghaghra 2.1.5.3 Headdress: Odhani 2.1.6 Children’s costume 2.1.7 Ceremonies and festivals of Rulers of Kachchh 2.2 Empirical review 2.2.1 Studies related to traditional costumes of rulers of India 2.1 Conceptual Review 2.1.1 History of Kachchh 2.1.1.1 The State Kachchh is the Princely State with 17 gun salute, 19 guns local.
    [Show full text]