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Section 309 Assessment and Strategy FY 2021-2025

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Section 309 Assessment and Strategy FY 2021-2025 STATE OF HAWAI‘I SECTION 309 ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY Section 309 Assessment and Strategy FY 2021-2025 Hawai‘i Coastal Zone Management Program Office of Planning Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism State of Hawai‘i May 2020 STATE OF HAWAI‘I SECTION 309 ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST ............................................................................................................................................... i INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 3 ASSESSMENT: PHASE I .................................................................................................................................. 5 Wetlands ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Coastal Hazards ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Public Access ........................................................................................................................................... 19 Marine Debris .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Cumulative and Secondary Impacts ........................................................................................................ 36 Special Area Management Planning ....................................................................................................... 44 Ocean and Great Lakes Resources .......................................................................................................... 49 Energy and Government Facility Siting ................................................................................................... 61 Aquaculture ............................................................................................................................................. 73 ASSESSMENT: PHASE II ............................................................................................................................... 77 Coastal Hazards ...................................................................................................................................... 77 Ocean and Great Lakes Resources .......................................................................................................... 90 STRATEGY .................................................................................................................................................... 97 Coastal Hazards ...................................................................................................................................... 97 Ocean Resources Management Planning ............................................................................................. 106 5-Year Budget Summary by Strategy .................................................................................................... 113 SUMMARY OF STAKEHOLDER AND PUBLIC COMMENT ........................................................................... 114 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 116 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................................. 118 Appendix A. Coastal Hazards Successes ................................................................................................ 118 Appendix B. Ocean Resources Successes ............................................................................................... 120 Appendix C. Public Comment Themes ................................................................................................... 122 STATE OF HAWAI‘I SECTION 309 ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY ACRONYM LIST AAL Average Annualized Loss ACT Action Team ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers BOEM Bureau of Energy Management BWS Board of Water Supply CDD Community Development District CMPs Coastal Management Programs CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act DAR Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources DBEDT Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism DLNR Department of Land and Natural Resources DOBOR Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation DOD Hawai‘i Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOFAW Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife DOT Department of Transportation ENSO El Nino Southern Oscillation FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRMs Flood Insurance Rate Maps HAR Hawai‘i Administrative Rules HAZUS-MH Hazards United States Multi-Hazard HCDA Hawai‘i Community Development Authority HCEI Hawai‘i Clean Energy Initiative HCRS Hawai‘i Coral Reef Strategy HCZMP Hawai‘i Coastal Zone Management Program HDOA Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture HI-EMA Hawai‘i Emergency Management Agency HI-MDAP Hawai‘i Marine Debris Action Plan HRS Hawai‘i Revised Statutes HSCD Hawai‘i State Civil Defense HTA Hawai‘i Tourism Authority IBC International Building Code ICAC Interagency Climate Adaptation Committee ICAP Center for Island Climate Adaptation and Policy JTMP Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris MLCD Marine Life Conservation District MOU Memorandum of Understanding NARS Natural Area Reserves NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai‘i Authority NERRS National Estuarine Research Reserve System NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NOV Notice of Violation NPS National Park Service OP Office of Planning ORMP Ocean Resources Management Plan ACRONYM LIST i STATE OF HAWAI‘I SECTION 309 ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY OTEC Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion SAMP Special Area Management Plan SBCC State Building Code Council SCORP State Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan SHMHMP State of Hawai‘i Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan SLR Sea Level Rise TLESC Tsunami Loads and Effects Subcommittee TOD Transit Oriented Development TSS Total Suspended Solid USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey ACRONYM LIST ii STATE OF HAWAI‘I SECTION 309 ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGY INTRODUCTION The Coastal Zone Enhancement Program encourages state and territorial coastal management programs to strengthen and improve their federally approved coastal management programs in one or more of nine areas. These “enhancement areas” include wetlands, coastal hazards, public access, marine debris, cumulative and secondary impacts, special area management plans, ocean and Great Lakes resources, energy and government facility siting, and aquaculture. The enhancement program was established in 1990 under Section 309 of the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA), as amended. Every five years, states and territories are encouraged to conduct self-assessments of their coastal management programs to determine enhancement opportunities within each of the nine enhancement areas—and to assess the effectiveness of existing management efforts. All State and Territory Coastal Management Programs (CMPs) must complete an approved Assessment and Strategy (A&S) to be eligible for Section 309 funding in FY 2021-2025. This A&S has been prepared in order that the Hawai‘i Coastal Zone Management Program (HCZMP) may be eligible for Section 309 funding in FY 2021-2025. The A&S report was developed based on research and input from resource stakeholders and the public. The CZMA places a strong emphasis on public participation and encourages the participation, coordination, and cooperation with and among appropriate local, state, federal and regional groups to help carry out the goals of the CZMA. In keeping with the intent of the CZMA, the A&S is a public document. During the A&S development process, the HCZMP provided opportunities for the general public to provide input via Statewide information sharing sessions and an online survey that were conducted in conjunction with the Hawai‘i Ocean Resources Management Plan (ORMP) update, which is a high priority enhancement area. The statewide ORMP update information sessions were held on Kaua‘i, O‘ahu (Kapolei and Honolulu), Moloka‘i, Lānaʻi, Maui, and Hawai‘i Island (Kona and Hilo) in August 2019. The public attendees were informed about the concurrent Section 309 A&S development and that their input would be applicable to both efforts. A total of 141 people attended one of our in-person meetings and 156 people participated through our online survey. The stakeholders provided feedback on what they felt are the high priority enhancement areas, the critical problems related to those priority areas and the greatest opportunities for the HCZMP to strengthen and enhance them. This ensured that the priorities and needs proposed in the assessment and strategy reflect more than just the HCZMP staff opinions. During the timeframe concurrent with the NOAA review of the draft A&S, the HCZMP initiated the 30- day public comment period (February 3 - March 4, 2020) by posting the draft A&S document on its public website. The public was provided the opportunity to review the draft document and submit comments through the
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