President’s Message Summer is just around the corner. is expecting an increase of visitors over 2014. What that means is Nihilani will also experience an increase in vacation renters. Our goal, as well for Owners who operate vacation rentals, is for those visitors to enjoy their trip to Paradise. One of the key objectives for Nihilani is to prevent problems before they occur. In order to achieve that objective, the Board has directed our Site Managers to be proactive with visitors. When the Site Manager(s) are at work and they see people they do not know, they will go over to them and introduce themselves. The Manager will ask if they have had a chance to read the “Short List” of rules. If they do not have a copy, the Manager will provide one. They will point out to them the key rules which visitors often violate. The Managers will also tell the visitor(s), if they have any questions to please contact them. This approach will ensure that the first (and hopefully the last) contact with the Site Manager is a positive one. What the Board expects Owners, who rent their units out for vacation rentals, is to make sure each renter gets a copy of the “Short List” of rules and ask each renter to read them before they arrive. The Board also expects that you to work with your property manager to ensure they are not telling the renters anything that conflicts with the rules. As you know, we have had problems with property managers telling renters they can park anywhere. By you doing these two things, it will help ensure the renters will not violate any of the rules. Parking in” Guest Parking” stalls and excess noise at the pool seem to be the most common rule violations.

By everyone working together, the Board hopes that the vacation renters stay will be positive and that our Site Manager’s time will be spent on the maintenance of the property. The Site Managers will issue warnings and fines to Owners whose renters continue to violate the rules. Disaster Preparedness Last year, Kauai was threaten with two different hurricanes. That was our first experience with a potential disaster since Nihilani was built. There have been tsunami warnings, but they do not threaten the Princeville area since we are on a cliff; and there were excessive rains that caused the dam to break on Mile Marker 22 a few years back washing out a portion of Kuhio Highway. The Board has developed the attached plan to help Owners be prepared in case a natural disaster hits. The recommendations included in this enclosed document are suggestions only and it is up to each Owner how prepared they want to be. Owners may want to share this document with their long term renters. For Owners who do vacation rentals, you may want to keep a copy in your unit and ensure that your renters know where it is. Preparation is key and each Owner will have to figure out how that will be achieved.

Mahalo

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FOR NATURAL DISASTERS

NIHILANI AT PRINCEVILLE RESORT

MAY 2015

Contacts

Travis Bonnell (Nihilani Site Manager) - 808-482-0777 Kauai Civil Defense- 808-241-1800 Princeville Patrol- 808-826-6181 Kauai Police- 911 or 808-241-1711 American Red Cross – 808-245-4919

Information

Radio Stations- KONG 93.5 FM, 570 AM or KKCR 90.9 FM Cable TV- Channels 2, 4, or 5 Internet- www.khon2.com (TV station has updated weather reports) Individuals visiting Kauai should contact their airlines on the status of their flight

Resources

Good sources of more in-depth information include: • The yellow-bordered Disaster Preparedness pages included in each of the Kauai telephone directories • Kauai County Civil Defense at www.kauai.gov • State Civil Defense at www.scd.hawaii.gov • University of Hawaii "Homeowner's Handbook to Prepare for Natural Hazards", available at seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu • Hawaiian Electric Company’s "Handbook for Emergency Preparedness", available at www.hawaiianelectric.com • University of Hawaii "Kauai Climate Change and Coastal Hazards Assessment", available at seagrant.soest.hawaii.edu • USGS "Atlas of Natural Hazards in the Hawaiian Coastal Zone", available at pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2761/ • Department of Homeland Security "Family Emergency Plan", available at http://www.ready.gov • Department of Homeland Security "Emergency Supply List", available at http://www.ready.gov

040914 Emergency Preparedness Web Resources Tips and Recommendations Pacific Disaster Center provides near real-time and historic data on natural hazards around the globe. www.pdc.org

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T A N W E A M I - Forecast Office I E

E G M A E N R A for latest advisories, watches, and warnings for Hawaii. G E N C Y M www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl The Hawai'i State Civil Defense Central Center offers storm tracking via satellite and radar. www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/cphc Are You Pacific Tsunami Warning Center shows the latest tsunami messages for all regions. ptwc.weather.gov Ready? USGS Earthquake Hazards Program provides tracking and historical information. Sign up for Emergency Notifications A quick guide to earthquake.usgs.gov : www.nixle.com disaster preparedness Kauai: www.kauai.gov American Red Cross – Hawaii Chapter : www.co.maui.hi.us/list.aspx has information on trainings and an online store. in Hawai‘i Big Island: www.hawaiicounty.gov/active-alerts www.hawaiiredcross.org Federal Emergency Management Agency Get a NOAA Weather Radio contains a comprehensive guide to preparedness. (see www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr www.fema.gov/areyouready for more information) Receive Let’s Get Ready is a resource from Sesame Workshop immediate alerts. Contact to help the whole family prepare for emergencies. Ethnic Education Foundation www.sesamestreet.org/parents/ for non-english radio stations. topicsandactivities/toolkits/ready FEMA Independent Study Program Make a Plan provides online training in a variety of subjects. Create and/or maintain an training.fema.gov/IS/crslist.asp emergency plan (i.e., who to call and what to do in an Sprint Relay Hawaii is a text notification tool emergency). For templates for the hearing impaired. see www.ready.gov and/or www.relayhawaii.com scd.hawaii.gov County Civil Defense Agencies Hawai'i State Civil Defense C&C Honolulu: www1.honolulu.gov/dem/ Have an Emergency Kit Phone: (808) 733-4300 Create and/or maintain an Kauai County: www.kauai.gov/Government/ Fax: (808) 733-4287 emergency kit (visit Departments/CivilDefenseAgency/ EmergencyPreparedness/tabid/77/Default.aspx Website: scd.hawaii.gov www.ready.gov/build-a-kit Email: [email protected] for recommendations). Maui County: www.co.maui.hi.us/index.aspx?nid=70 Hawaii County: www.hawaiicounty.gov/civil-defense/ Get news and updates on Twitter @HI_CivilDefense Cover photo: The roof and upper floor of this home received major wind damage from Make a Plan Now in September 1992 (Photo: FEMA) Below: Plywood spears a palm tree during in Know Your Hazards August 1992. There are many kinds of disasters that can impact Make an Emergency Kit: Have at Hawai‘i. Hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, least 7-days of food and water and all volcanic activity, landslides, wildfires and pan- necessary emergency items (see below) demic outrbreaks are all potential threats to the Family communication: Identify a population of Hawai‘i. But because of their level of family member that lives out-of-state devastation or frequency of occurance, hurricanes, that everyone can notify when they’re safe A small backpack for tsunamis and flooding are the three top hazards. Meeting place: Choose a physical each family mem- location to meet if communication ber containing a full between family is down change of clothes and Hurricanes Plan escape routes: Map out two Hurricane season is from sturdy shoes as well as escape routes for each room of your June 1st to November 30th. a pack of cards or other home. Do drills with family members A hurricane is entertainment items. with maximum sustained For more information on making a disaster DON’T FORGET food winds 74 mph or higher. plan, visit www.ready.gov/make-a-plan and water for your pet! Though high winds and flying debris are extreme- ly dangerous, it is Plastic bags and ties for waste that presents the greatest Emergency Kit Suggestions threat to life and property Whistle, matches, blankets and tarps along the coast. 7 days of food, water and medications Personal hygiene items 1 gallon of water per person, per day Toothbrush, toothpaste Tsunamis Non perishable food (canned soups and Soap/ Shampoo A tsunami is a series of ocean other nutritionally balanced canned meals Antibacterial hand wipes waves generated primarily by are good) Toilet paper (remove the roll) earthquakes, though under- Manual can opener water volcanic eruptions and Deodorant landslides can also generate Battery or solar powered radio, flashlight Eyecare (if needed) tsunamis. They are difficult to and extra batteries for both Moisturizing lotion predict and can strike year- Important documents (in sealed plastic bag) Extra cash in small bills round, during any time of the day or night. Identification (passport, driver’s license) First aid kit Debit and credit card information Flash Flooding Banking information (account numbers, During heavy rains, or man- billpay information) this can help avoid made structure failures such credit problems due to inability to make as a dam break, flash flooding payments during a disaster can occur quickly and without All insurance information warning. Be prepared to evac- Healthcare directives uate and move immediately Copy of property titles/deeds to higher ground. Do not wait Copy of prescriptions and dosages for instructions to act. Phone list of family and important numbers Introduction

No matter where you live, there is always the possibility of a natural disaster - be it an earthquake, hurricane, flooding, tornado, tsunami, volcanic eruption, landslide, ice storm, wild fire, etc. All of us need to prepare for such an event. This booklet provides suggestions for actions you can take to protect you and your family.

Scientists agree that, in Hawaii, it is not a matter of IF the next hurricane or tsunami will occur, but WHEN. For hurricanes, the National Weather Service expects an event to impact the islands about once every 15 years. Hurricanes Genevieve, Iselle and Julio, all near Hawai‘i during August of 2014, are an important reminder that the islands are very vulnerable to hurricanes and tropical storms.

The first step is to make a family disaster plan that includes information about where you will go if you are ordered to evacuate and what you will take with you. An example Family Emergency Plan checklist is attached. Special planning and preparations are necessary for people with special needs - infants, elderly, and the disabled. Know where your family is and how to keep in contact in the event of a disaster. Make certain that everyone in your family is familiar with the plan. Most of all keep informed.

Being prepared for a disaster is important. Emergency supplies will be helpful during a major disaster such as a hurricane but can also be useful during a power outage that may occur during high winds or heavy rains. When disaster strikes, you may not have ample time to respond and ensure the resources you and your family need to survive are available. Moreover, hundreds of other families in your area share the same concerns, and it will be difficult to get access to the necessities you need due to shortages and competition. Do not wait until the last minute and get caught in this situation.

When determining your emergency needs, plan for the long haul. In any major disaster scenario, it may take 72 hours or more for emergency personnel to reach you. Emergency preparedness kits should contain the essentials your family needs to survive during a disaster. Having two is ideal; a multi-purpose kit with provisions for staying in place, and a transportable slimmed down kit with bare necessities for survival when on the go. An example of an Emergency Supply Kit checklist is attached.

A MESSAGE FROM HI-EMA Having an emergency plan can make a big difference during or following a disaster. Fill in EMERGENCY PLAN the blanks on this template to create a plan for your family or create your own. Review your plan for the ‘Ohana with family members at least once a year.

Contact Numbers Important Locations

Emergency Contact (in state) Hospital

Emergency Contact (out of state) Post-Disaster Meeting Place 1

Alternate Emergency Contact Post-Disaster Meeting Place 2

Alternate Emergency Contact Emergency Shelter/Pet Shelter 1

Doctor Emergency Shelter/Pet Shelter 2

Doctor Emergency Shelter/Pet Shelter 3

Veterinarian Note: Refer to your county’s civil defense agency for a list of Emergency Shelters that will be open during an emergency. Insurance Agent Emergency Data for Family and Friends

Name Name

Phone Numbers (Work/School, Cellular) Phone Numbers (Work/School, Cellular)

Work/School Address Work/School Address

Other Hangouts Other Hangouts

Name Name

Phone Numbers (Work/School, Cellular) Phone Numbers (Work/School, Cellular)

Work/School Address Work/School Address

Other Hangouts Other Hangouts

Emergency Checklist What does it mean?Watches, Warnings, and Advisories min Is your gas tank at least one-quarter full? Hurricane/Tropical Storm Watch: Hurricane/Tropical Storm conditions Battery-powered radio or television nearby and working? are possible within 48 hours. Hurricane/Tropical Storm Warning: Hurricane/Tropical Storm Call signs and frequencies for primary radio stations: conditions are expected within 36 hours. Oahu KSSK 590AM KIPM 89.7FM Flood Advisory: Exercise caution due to hazardous driving conditions. KIPO 89.3FM KMVI 550AM Be alert for ponding & debris on roadway; slippery roads & poor visibility. KRTR 96.3FM Kona KHPH 88.7FM Flood Watch: Flooding is possible. Be alert! Kauai KIPL 89.9FM KKBG 97.9FM Flash Flood Warning: Flooding is imminent or already occurring. KQNG 93.5FM Hilo KAHU 91.7FM Get to high ground if you are in a flood prone area. Maui KIPH 88.3FM Pahala KWXX 94.7FM Foreign Languages: Tsunami Watch: Issued by Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) after KREA 1540AM, KZOO 1210 AM distant earthquakes with potential to create a tsunami in Hawaii. Tsunami Warning: Issued whenever tsunami waves have been confirmed by PTWC and/or a damaging wave is detected. Emergency Kit with one gal. of water per person, per day? Urgent Local Tsunami Warning: Issued when a local earthquake has Electricity, gas, and water shut off (if evacuating)? occurred and damaging waves are probable. Wave travel time may Important papers (e.g. ID, prescriptions etc.) and cash? be as short as 10-20 minutes.

Knowing where to go and who to contact before, during, and after an emergency or disaster can make a big difference. This template seeks to give you a head start HAWAII EMERGENCY in planning. Other important considerations are the location and construction of MANAGEMENT AGENCY your home, workplace, or school. To find out if you live, work, or play in a tsunami formerly State Civil Defense evacuation zone, visit our website at www.scd.hawaii.gov or check the disaster preparedness pages in the front of your phone book. www.scd.hawaii.gov 1305 North Holopono Street, Suite 2,Kihei, HI 96753 Phone: 808.891.0525 | E-mail: [email protected]

Printable Disaster Checklist These items are suggested but are not necessarily all-inclusive of everything your family needs to prepare for a natural disaster or other catastrophic situation. GENERAL ITEMS o Flashlight(s) o Extra batteries o Manual can opener o Sterno, small grill or camp stove o Fire extinguisher(s), including at least one ABC type o Pillow, blankets, sleeping bags, or air mattresses o Tarpaulins o Garbage bags o Mosquito repellent o Portable radio(s) o Candles and lantern o Wooden kitchen matches in plastic container o Duct tape o 100 feet of rope or heavy cord o Address book with important phone numbers o Important papers including driver's license, special medical information, insurance policies, birth and marriage certificates, passports, deeds and property inventory o Toilet tissue and paper towels o Bleach for cleaning and for purifying water (eight drops per gallon) or water purification kit tablets o A minimum three-day supply of non-perishable food o Ice chest o Extra cash o Clothing and eyeglasses o Personal Hygiene items (toothpaste, deodorant) o Disposable diapers and wipes for babies o Special items for infants, elderly or disabled family members o Pet food and cat litter for pets o Quiet games, books, playing cards, and favorite toys for children o Mess kits, or paper cups, plates and plastic utensils o Cooking utensils, hot pad o Emergency preparedness manual o Pliers o Knife and/or saw o Compass o Aluminum foil o Plastic storage containers o Signal flare o Paper, pencil o Needles, thread o Medicine dropper o Shut-off wrench to turn off household gas and water o Whistle o Plastic sheeting o Area map, if needed, showing shelter locations o Soap(s) o Heavy-duty garbage bags with ties o Bucket(s) with tight fitting lids

FIRST AID KIT o Sterile adhesive bandages, gauze pads and rolls o Scissors o Hydrogen peroxide o Aspirin, antacid tablets, and other over the counter medicines o Hypoallergenic adhesive tape o Tweezers o Antiseptic spray o Ointments for burn and cuts o Latex gloves o Extra prescription medications

NON-PERISHABLE FOOD ITEMS—REPLACE EVERY SIX MONTHS o Bottled water (1-3 gallons per person per day) o Powdered or evaporated milk o Powdered drink mixes and soda o Canned meats, fish, fruits, vegetables and soups o Instant coffee, tea and cocoa o Prepackaged snacks Hazards on Kauai

Kauai is an outdoor paradise. Residents and visitors must respect the power of nature and be careful in the water and observant while walking on shore and near streams. Unfortunately, drowning is a common occurrence on the island.

When a WATCH has been issued: A watch is used when the risk of a hazardous weather event has increased significantly, but its occurrence, location, or timing is still uncertain. It is intended to provide enough lead-time so those who need to set their plans in motion can do so. A watch means that hazardous weather is possible. People should have a plan of action in case a storm threatens and they should listen for later information and possible warnings especially when planning travel or outdoor activities.

When a WARNING has been issued: A warning is issued when a hazardous weather event is occurring, imminent, or likely. A warning means weather conditions pose a threat to life or property. People in the path of the storm need to take protective action.

Because of its elevation above the sea, the most likely catastrophic natural disaster in Princeville is a hurricane; residents may be threatened by flooding or a tsunami, but generally only if they are away from home. Either could close roads for days and thereby isolate Princeville, however. The chance of an earthquake on Kauai is remote.

During an emergency, a battery-, hand-crank-, or solar-powered radio may be your primary source of information. If using a battery-powered radio, be sure you have enough batteries to operate your radio for at least 24 hours. Civil Defense information may also be available on television (TV) and cable TV systems.

Your family may not be together when disaster strikes, so it is important to plan in advance: how you will contact one another; how you will get back together; and what you will do in different situations. It may be easier to make a long-distance phone call than to call across town, so an out-of-town contact may be in a better position to communicate among separated family members.

Hurricanes

Hurricanes are tropical cyclones with torrential rains and sustained winds of 74 miles per hour or greater, which blow in a counter-clockwise direction around a center ().

Hurricanes are classified into the five categories below, based on their wind speeds, central pressure and damage potential: Category One Winds 74 - 95 mph Category Two Winds 96 - 110 mph Category Three Winds 111 - 130 mph Category Four Winds 131 - 155 mph Category Five Winds 155 - and up

Since Nihilani was constructed after Hurricane Iniki, a Category Four hurricane, the buildings should survive all but the most powerful storm; once a hurricane warning is posted, staying home will likely be the best option.

Residents should stay inside and clear of windows during a hurricane; if possible, they should stay in a "safe room" such as the downstairs powder room in the townhouse model.

Evacuation to a shelter should be the last resort. There will be minimal supplies, the simplest of sanitary facilities, a bare floor, and little space (10 square feet per person - 5 feet by 2 feet). You will have to bring your own supplies including bedding, medication, food, and water. By remaining at home during a hazard, you will be in far more comfortable conditions and have the ability to take better care of family members, including the elderly, those with special needs, and pets.

Go to a hurricane evacuation shelter only if it is open. Listen to your local radio for shelters that are open to the public. The nearest official evacuation center appears to be the Kilauea Community Center; after Iniki, the Princeville Sheraton Hotel (now St Regis) was also used by those displaced.

What to do BEFORE a Hurricane 1. Know the terms used by weather forecasters: Hurricane Watch - A hurricane is possible within 48 hours. Stay tuned for additional advisories. Hurricane Warning - A hurricane is expected within 36 hours. If advised to evacuate, do so immediately. 2. Listen for local radio or television weather forecasts. 3. Ask about community evacuation plans and whether your neighborhood would be told to evacuate. 4. Talk to your family about hurricanes. Plan a place to meet your family in case you are separated from one another in a disaster. 5. Determine the needs of family members who may live elsewhere but need your help in a hurricane. 6. If you are staying in your residence, pre-identify a safe room, such as a bathroom, large walk-in closet or enclosed hallway to take refuge in. 7. Fill bathtubs and buckets with water to be used for flushing toilets, etc. 8. Unplug all unnecessary appliances. 9. Turn refrigerators and freezers to their coldest settings. 10. Prepare to survive on your own for at least three days. 11. Make plans to protect your property: a. An important action is to remove all items from your to prevent damage from flying debris. b. All windows and doors should be closed to keep water and wind-gusts out and prevent the roof from blowing off. c. Check door locks to ensure doors will not be blown away. d. Wedge sliding glass doors with a brace or broom handle to prevent them from being ripped loose. e. Tape does not prevent windows from breaking. Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows. 12. Know how to shut off utilities. 13. Consider supplementary hurricane insurance. Purchase insurance well in advance. 14. Make a record of your personal property. 15. If you are going to evacuate, shut off electricity and water at the main switches and valves. Take your evacuation kit as discussed previously. 16. Make sure your vehicle is full of gas.

What to do DURING a Hurricane threat 1. Listen for information and instructions on radio or television. 2. Get together with family members to talk about what needs to be done. Consider the needs of relatives and neighbors with special needs. 3. Secure your home. 4. Gather several days’ supply of water and food for each family member. 5. Make arrangements for pets. Pets may not be allowed in shelters for health reasons. 6. Prepare to evacuate. Fuel your car, review evacuation routes. 7. If you are not required to evacuate, stay indoors during the hurricane and away from windows. Do not be fooled if there is a lull, it could be the eye of the storm. Winds will pick up again. 8. Avoid using the phone except for serious emergencies. Local authorities need first priority on telephone lines.

What to do AFTER a Hurricane 1. Stay where you are if you are in a safe location until local authorities say it is okay to leave. 2. Keep tuned to local radio or television stations for information about caring for your family, where to find medical help, how to apply for financial assistance, etc. 3. Consider your family's health and safety needs. Keep your family together. Be aware of symptoms of stress and fatigue. 4. Talk with your children about what has happened and how they can help during the recovery. 5. Stay away from disaster areas unless local authorities request volunteers. 6. Drive only when necessary. The streets will be filled with debris. 7. Stay away from river banks and streams until potential flooding has passed. Report downed power lines, broken gas, sewer or water mains. 8. Contact your insurance agent. To prepare: a. Take photos of or videotape the damage b. Separate damaged and undamaged belongings c. Locate your financial records d. Keep detailed records of cleanup costs.

Issued by State Civil Defense / Hawaii Emergency Management Agency

Should I shelter-in-place or go to a hurricane evacuation shelter?

FACT SHEET: Stay calm. Stay informed.

AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE CIVIL DEFENSE / HAWAII EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

Listen to Local Officials What is a hurricane evacuation shelter? Local authorities will issue A hurricane evacuation shelter is a facility that provides increased protection evacuation orders and release from high winds to the public. They are designated by your local county civil shelter locations if needed. defense / emergency management agency and operated by the American Red Cross. Basically, it’s just a place to ride out the storm that may not have Evacuation Orders any comfort items like food and water. Evacuation orders are issued by local authorities to remove the How do I know if I need to go to a shelter? public from potentially dangerous Local authorities will give evacuation orders for areas with significant risk of areas. Never ignore an damage resulting from a high wind event. If you are not in the identified evacuation order. Listen to areas, stay put. Unnecessary evacuation can cause overcrowded shelters instructions and remember your and traffic jams. emergency kit and your pets when you leave. Can I shelter-in-place? You may be able to shelter-in-place if you live outside of a flood hazard area Shelter Locations in a sturdy home with double wall construction. These homes were Shelter locations will be provided generally built after 1995. If your home or building is sturdy enough, by your county civil defense/ additional measures like boarding windows and having doors that can emergency management agency. withstand wind pressure and debris impact can make your home a safer State Civil Defense / Hawaii place to ride out a storm. Emergency Management Agency distributes a list of pre- What about my pets? designated facilities; however, Pet Friendly shelter will be announced by local authorities. Prepare to bring not all of the shelters on the list your pets to a pet friendly shelter by having a kennel or cage and getting will be opened for every event. your pet used to it. Owners are responsible for the pets they bring to shelters and must have food and water for them.

What else do I need to know about shelters? An evacuation shelter should be a safe place for everyone. Do bring your emergency supplies of food and water; do not bring firearms, knives, or other dangerous items.

FACTSHEET #01 (August 5, 2014)

State Civil Defense / Hawaii Emergency Management Agency Ph: (808) 733-4300 | E-mail: [email protected] mail | Twitter: @HI_CivilDefense | Facebook: statecivildefense.HIgov Hurricane Iniki

Hurricane Iniki was the most powerful hurricane to strike Hawaii in recorded history. Forming on September 5, 1992 during the strong 1990-95 El Niño, Iniki was one of eleven Central Pacific tropical cyclones during that season. It attained tropical storm status on September 8 and further intensified into a hurricane the next day. After turning north, Iniki struck the island of Kauai on September 11 at peak intensity. It was the first hurricane to hit the state since in the 1982 season, and the first major hurricane since in 1959.

The south shore of Kauai near Port Allen took the brunt of the storm with wind gusts measured to 143 miles per hour and water levels (a combination of storm surge and waves) nearly 30 feet above normal.

The eye of Iniki crossed the Kauai Coast in the Waimea area just before 4 p.m. and departed over Haena about 40 minutes later.

On the north shore, in places such as Princeville and Kilauea, the worst conditions came after eye passage. This was most likely due to a combination of downslope accelerations and interactions between the hurricane circulation and the mountains.

Hurricane Iniki damaged or destroyed more than 41 percent of the island’s 15,200 homes (1,100 were destroyed; about 1,000 suffered severe damage; 4,200 suffered moderate to minor damage). More than 7,000 residents were left homeless.

Immediately after the storm, many were relieved to have survived the worst of the Category 4 hurricane; their complacency turned to apprehensiveness due to lack of information, as every radio station was out and there was no news available for days. Because Iniki knocked out electrical power for most of the island, communities held parties to necessarily consume perishable food from unpowered refrigerators and freezers. Electric companies restored only 20% of the island's power service within four weeks of Iniki, while other areas were without power for up to three months.

Tsunami

Tsunami (pronounced soo-na-mee), sometimes called a tidal wave, is actually a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance or earthquake. Tsunamis can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with waves more than 100 feet high.

There were 26 damaging tsunamis around the islands between 1819 and 1975, or about one every six years. Since 1975, there had not been a major damaging tsunami until the Japan earthquake of 2011, which caused catastrophic devastation in Japan and over 30 million dollars in property damage around the state. The long period of tsunami inactivity from 1975 until 2010 and 2011 was unusual when compared to the historical record.

In Hawaii, our major risk from a tsunami comes from earthquakes that occur both far away and locally. Since a tsunami travels at 500 miles per hour, it may take some time for the wave to reach various coastal areas. Travel times may vary from 15 hours for an earthquake off South America (Chile earthquakes of 1960 and 2010), 7.5 hours for one off Japan (Japan earthquake of 2011) to 4.5 hours for one off Alaska (Aleutian earthquake of 1946). For a local earthquake, travel times may vary from 40 minutes or less for an earthquake off Hawaii County to reach Kauai, to five minutes or less for an earthquake off Hawaii County to impact its own coastline.

All tsunamis are potentially dangerous, even though they may not damage every coastline they strike. One example of localized variability with tsunami run-up heights occurred during the 1946 tsunami on the north shore, where a run-up height of 45 ft. was recorded at Haena, while only a few miles away in Hanalei Bay, run-up was 19 ft. Also, some waves in the series may be less hazardous than others.

Urgent Tsunami Warning – A large earthquake has occurred in the Hawaiian Islands; immediately evacuate low-lying coastal areas. Move inland to high ground. Tsunami Watch – Tsunami possible; prepare to evacuate, listen to a radio station in your county for Civil Defense instructions. Tsunami Warning – Tsunami confirmed; evacuate; listen to radio station in your county for Civil defense instructions. Sirens sound head for higher ground.

How to prepare for a Tsunami 1. Heed tsunami warnings. They mean that a tsunami exists. 2. Advance warning of tsunamis sometimes comes in the form of noticeable rise or fall in the normal depth of coastal water. This is nature's tsunami warning and should be immediately heeded. 3. If you feel an earthquake in a Pacific Coast area, move to high ground immediately. 4. A small tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away. 5. Prepare ahead for possible evacuation

What to do if a Tsunami threatens your area? 1. If you are advised to evacuate, do so immediately. 2. Stay away from the area until local authorities say it is safe. Do not be fooled into thinking that the danger is over when a single wave has come and gone. A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves. 3. Do not go to the shoreline to watch for a tsunami. When you can see the wave, it is too late to escape it.

In the event of a tsunami warning, it is important to stay in Princeville. Avoid driving unless essential. It is likely that the roads will be closed until the danger has passed. Princeville is located high above the ocean and is normally used by neighboring communities as a place of evacuation. All Kauai telephone books contain a section with emergency information including tsunami evacuation maps.

Floods

Floods are the most common and wide spread of all natural hazards. Some floods develop over a period of days, but flash floods can result in raging waters in just a few minutes. Flash floods carry a deadly cargo of rocks, mud and other debris, and occur without any visible sign of rainfall. Mudslides are another danger created by flooding.

Be aware of floods hazards, especially if you are in a low-lying area, near water, or downstream from a dam. Even very small streams, gullies, creeks, culverts, dry sea beds or low-lying ground that appear harmless in dry weather can flood.

In cases of heavy rains, residents need to be careful when driving. Flash flooding may occur in certain areas. Streams can turn into small rivers and flooding can cross onto the roads. Drivers need to make sure their vehicles can safely cross when approaching roads with water on them. Depending on the rainfall and the rise in the river, the police may close the bridge into Hanalei. If you are on the Hanalei side of the bridge, you will have to remain on that side until the police decide that it is safe to cross back over the bridge. This could mean that you may not be able to cross back to Princeville for many hours.

What to do BEFORE a Flood 1. Identify bridges, rivers, and dams and determine whether they pose a hazard. 2. Ask your local emergency manager about official flood warning signals. Learn what to do when you hear them. Purchase a NOAA Weather Radio with battery backup and a tone-alert feature that automatically alerts you when a watch or warning is issued. 3. Be prepared to evacuate. Learn your community's flood evacuation routes and where to find high ground. 4. Talk to your family about flooding. Plan a place to meet your family in case you are separated from one another in a disaster and cannot return home. Choose an out of state contract for every one to call to say they are okay. In some emergencies, calling out of state is possible even when local phone lines are down. 5. Determine how you would care for family members who may live elsewhere and might need your help. Determine any special needs your neighbors might have. 6. Assemble a disaster supplies kit. Include a battery-operated radio, flashlights and extra batteries, first aid kit, sleeping supplies and extra clothing. Keep a stock of food and extra drinking water. 7. Know how to shut off electricity and water at the main switches and valves. 8. Consider purchasing flood insurance. Flood losses are not covered under homeowner's insurance policies. Flood insurance is available in most communities from the National Flood Insurance program. There is usually a five-day waiting period before it takes effect, so don't delay. Flood insurance is available whether the building is in or out of the identified flood prone area. 9. Make a record of your personal property. Take photographs of or videotape your belongings and store them in a safe place. 10. Keep insurance policies, deeds, property records, and other important papers in a safe place away from your home.

What to do AFTER a flood 1. Stay away from flood waters. The water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline or raw sewage. The water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines. 2. Stay away from moving water. Moving water only 6 inches deep could sweep you off your feet. 3. Be aware of areas where flood waters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car. 4. Stay away from downed power lines and report them to the power company. 5. Stay away from disaster areas unless authorities ask for volunteers. One way to help is to give money to disaster relief organizations. Do not donate food, clothes or other personal items unless they are specifically requested. 6. Continue listening to a battery-powered radio for information about where to get assistance for housing, clothing, and food. Outreach programs are often available to help you cope with the stress of the situation. 7. Consider your family's health and safety needs. Wash your hands frequently with soap and clean water if you come in contact with flood waters. Throw away food that has come in contact with flood waters. Listen for news reports to learn whether the community's water supply is safe to drink. 8. Contact your insurance agent. If your policy covers your situation, an adjuster will be assigned to visit your home. To prepare: a. Take photos of or videotape your belongings and your home. b. Separate damaged and undamaged belongings. c. Locate your financial records. d. Keep detailed records of cleaning costs.

Evacuation

Planning for evacuation: 1. Talk with your family about the possibility of evacuation. Plan where you would go. 2. Plan a place to meet your family in case you are separated from one another. 3. Find out where children will be sent if they are in school when an evacuation is announced. 4. Assemble a disaster supplies kit. 5. Keep fuel in your car if an evacuation seems likely. 6. Know how to shut off electricity, gas, and water at main switches.

What to do when evacuating: 1. Gather water, food, clothing, emergency supplies, and insurance / financial records. 2. Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes. 3. Secure your home. 4. Turn off the main water valve and electricity, if instructed to do so. 5. Let others know where you are going. 6. Leave early enough to avoid being trapped by severe weather. 7. Follow recommended evacuation routes.