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]bid,361 -365. @ fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7§i:34?§’§‘fi‘l’3fi:I:—'?J5‘§Ji‘fiEr l3‘JiF%)> Y5 T0” renrizlidujiao Chmrrfi-’-10555 Tu Tapianmwfi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® lbid ,9o

® Eugene Stock , The History of the Church Missionary Societyglts Environment ,Its Men, and Its Work , Vol. ]I , (London ; Church Mis- sionary Society) ,1899 ,301. (E) A. J. Broomhall, and China’s Open Centurygsurvivors’ Pact, (London;Hodder and Stoughton and the Overseas Mis- sionary Fellowship, 1984) ,219. ® fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7§i:34?§’§‘fi‘l’3fi:I:—'?J5‘§Ji‘fiEr l3‘JiF%)> Y5 T0” renrizlidujiao Chmrrfi-’-10555 Tu Tapianmwfi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , (

(@ See Eugene Stock, The History of the Church Missionary Societyglts Environrnent,Its Men, and Its Work, Vol. ]I , (London;Church Missionary Society, 1899) ,469 -470. ® jiul A Study on Protestant Missionaries’ Activities on Abandoning Opium Habits in China] , iLi Ling\E'

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® 33%??? Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:3{ §’§‘fi’l’3fi:|:—'?J3‘§H‘fiE |3‘JiF%)) Y5 .70” FenTi:JiduJ'ie0 ehu-eTU'ie0Shi Tu Tepienmeeyi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® ffié Wang Tieya; (( FF'$'I~IEI?{J%??I:$fi))Zhongwai jiu yuezhang hnibianl A Collection of Old Treaties and between China and For- eign Ceufltfieel ,%—‘flll, (SIB/3'? Beijillzilfi ' fifi - %95|1E{$é‘EJE,1957) 997\98o ® ]1)id,116—1170

(19 M. T. Yates & others eds. ,Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China held at Shanghai ,May 10 — 24 , 1877 , (Shanghai; Presbyterian Mission Press ,1878) ,472 — 473. ® See J. Hudson Taylor,A Retrospect, (London ; China Inland Mission) ,1910 ,92 — 93.

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anussmrsgnggsx,1agm:aag;iaa?3*:rs-snares. fifigz/Aéfiéfggrigignfi (G. E. M0u1e,E3Vfi<@x"T<) 1876 ggfgfi Chinese Recorder( <<%r%%$>>) ,»'FI~3EEZfi‘ri1‘Z%%H<3‘—-%?7g9é

@ See Alfred James Brooml1all,Hadson Taylor & China’s Open Centar_'y;[f I Had a Thousand Lives ,Hodder and Stoaghton and Overseas Missionary Fellowship ,1990 ,195 — 196. @ fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7§l:3{?§§‘fi’l§fi:I:—'§3§H‘fi5 l3‘JiF%)> Y5 T015 r€n.'y’5:J5c5uJ'5a0 aha-anJ'5a0Sh5 Tu J4’-5P5an»ma»0J*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® See M. T. Yates & others eds. ,Records of the General Conference of the Protestant Missionaries of China held at Shanghai ,May 10

— 24 ,1877 , ( Shanghai; Presbyterian Mission Press , 1878) ,486. @ See Chinese Recorder, (July 1868) ,51 -52. ® See Chinese Recorder, (January 1869) ,181 -182.

@ See Chinese Recorder, (April 1870) , 319. @ éflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7§l:3{?§§‘fi’l§fi:I:—'§3§H‘fi5 l3‘JiF%)> Y5 T015 r€n.'y’5:J5c5uJ'5a0 aha-anJ'5a0Sh5 Tu J4’-5P5an»ma»0J*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj @ Z2‘HlLz<>% 10 #,1373 $ 2 H 16 El 3% 357 :‘J'7:o @ See Chinese Recorder, (April 1870) ,318 -319. ® See Chinese Recorder, (April 1869) ,263. @ éflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7§l:3{?§§‘fi’l§fi:I:—'§3§H‘fi5 l3‘JiF%)> Y5 T015 r€n.'y’5:J5c5uJ'5a0 aha-anJ'5a0Sh5 Tu J4’-5P5an»ma»0J*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® ®

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@ Chinese Recorder, (October 1876) ,136. ® éflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:3{ §§fi’l§fi:|:—'§3‘§H‘fiE'a l3‘JiF%>> Y5 T015 F€T5T5:J5duj5a0 055156571355-$505555 T15 J’-f5P5~’-W"»0»03*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj

® Johnston James ,ed. ,Report of the Centenary Conference of Protestant Missions of the World ,held in Exeter Hall( 9 — 19 June) , Lon- don,1888 ,Vol. I , (New York;Fleming H. Hevell,1888) ,471. ® Records ; China Centenary Missionary Conference ,1907 , ( Shanghai;Centenary Conference Committee ,1907) ,658. ® éflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:3{ §§fi’l§fi:|:—'§3‘§H‘fiE'a l3‘JiF%>> Y5 T015 F€T5T5:J5duj5a0 055156571355-$505555 T15 J’-f5P5~’-W"»0»03*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , (

@ éflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:3{ §§fi’l§fi:|:—'§3‘§H‘fiE'a l3‘JiF%>> Y5 T015 F€T5T5:J5duj5a0 055156571355-$505555 T15 J’-f5P5~’-W"»0»03*5 de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj

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® See Donald MacGillivray, A Century of Protestant Missions in China , 1807 — 1907 , (Shanghai; American Presbyterian Mission Press) ,1907 ,27. @ fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:3{ §’§‘fi’l’3fi:|:—'?J3‘§H‘fi5 |3‘JiF%)) Y5 .70” F€nTi:JiduJ'ia0 Ch”-’-mfiaoshi Tu Tapianmwfi dc clouzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® See China Millions, (China Inland Mission, 1886 — 1887) ,80 ,84. ® See China Mission Handbook, (Shanghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1896) ,150. @ 1875 FF, I7'~]ialfl*%‘EE€ 32 ‘l11’l§fi:l:o WIT 1885 $/l’3fi:l:}\fi3F§l1|1§l 225 ‘fill/l’:?fiYI'3mUEl3 52 ’l‘3F§lJ[l§l 106 “F0 ® See Donald MacGillivray,A Century of Protestant Missions in China ,1807 — 1907 , ( Shanghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press , 1907) ,147. ® fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((3]?7El:34 §§fi’l’3fi:|:—'§3‘§J4‘fiE'a l3‘J3Jr%>> Y1 YOU 1'eflY1:J1dl1ji30 Chflafljiaoshi Yll Yapiaflmaoyi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice a.lso;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , Eififlj ® See Mrs. H. Taylor,Pastor His;Co7y‘iLcian Scholar and Christian, (London;Morgan & Scott,1923) ,219 -220.

97 Efiifififi l§E%?|3‘J!?L5§fio® JH.’.5’l‘,$Efi§?7§13lfiE’fi3'Zfi9~€§§fi’%El5)‘iE,3t¥El5)‘iE|7fl|§lfl”i§3flUEl}9To® ElD_'u,’l§ fi:|:1‘§E_\“Z?MPlElE?|39’l'fl?§ , 3TlIfi‘$Ei§—*‘£-."‘“F' I335. |3‘JJI%:/730 FF‘ |§li3EH‘J‘%}§tl2.3TJJ*flUElE? , fi'fi%—*§?'E’JJ‘ |39flUEl}3?3T1§5': 1330 5|34§o® 1890 5FTiil7fi JMPAEIET|3‘J7i%§’9J%¥|Hil“F'|§l1"i’%|3‘J%%o ¥Ii|£'J:TE£J?‘T%JJ?‘El‘?5{.fi%$i‘%l§iZ‘—"%}1L , El? %Z‘—"%}1Lfir%.%§'JT—*%:. El |39Hfl”l§ , flUEl}9?EJ3lZ73l5i€Z‘—"-3r}1L%%7§ElfiEii?%|3§’i|£l7:To FF‘ liliiifiiifll E IE] 3 JJ\|39flUElE?7F§ , J3lZ%’cE.7Ffl%; |fl73$h2EEi£|3‘J%}EZ|Z’l’|3 , }3?7§7fE§ATMPTXEl§io® HEITFP El fljifiiififlfilifil E JJ‘|3‘3’flUlilFJ?5€§l3J.fll?li“i’%|3‘Jrér'%3? , l*§fi:l:}3J?fiHJJ\H9flUEl}3iF1UIEfi3‘§El%/E20 ’l§fi:l:l|‘_J lifil§,flUEl}9?|3‘J1§E_\"Z, IE%—*/I‘4fl'1Zi)‘(Z‘—"§}1L E5 |3‘JEl$fii§lJo 3é|3Ié"i5/L\"%%’%|39E%’l§fi:|:1§%E “ ( Duncan Main) i§lE€fi§(fl”I§EflUElE?|3‘Jl?:7iElfi'l’{-$1‘ , lflfiifimfififiifi: $3315?Ell»). iJ:“F' |3|}K§§HE§§'J$l3 llillififitfio H5J‘§$%l|‘_.lEll}J‘l'fl‘£-."*fi¥$,i|1‘}£|3£-.b%Z‘3’%}+i‘W9i3|39\§$’n%‘"F'|3‘J7f<$?,El$|3‘J "" "E§¥itH§l§o”®

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® See Donald MacGillivray,A Century of Protestant Missions in China ,1807 — 1907 , ( Sl1anghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press , 1907) ,10.

® See James Johnston ,ed. ,Report of the Centenary Conference of Protestant Missions of the World, held in Exeter Hall( 9 — 19 June) , London,1888 ,Vol. I , (New York;Fleming H. Revell,1888) ,134. ® z’£~F'L,((EF|$E))Shen Bao[Shun Pao] ,(1332 £57 )3 11 El ) ,3301C. ® ® Chinese Recorder, April 1893 ,192.

® See Donald MacGillivray,A Century of Protestant Missions in China ,1807 — 1907 , ( Sl1anghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press , 1907) ,80.

® See China Mission Handbook , (Sl1anghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press ,1896) ,47. ® See Donald MacGillivray,A Century of Protestant Missions in China ,1807 — 1907 , ( Sl1anghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press , 1907) ,85.

® See China Mission Handbook , (Sl1anghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press ,1896) ,96. 63 Ibid , 220. ® Ibid , 276. 69 Ibid , 291. ® Ibid , 295. ® Ibid , 522. ® fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D]?7El:34?§%fi‘l§fi:|:—'?J3‘§J4‘fi5 l3‘JiF%>> Y5 T0” F€nTi:JiduJ'ia0 Ch”-’-mfiaoshi Tu J’-f1Pi~’-mm0»0.'fi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj

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1858 4f—'EF'fi<<3€‘?$-.é.c*‘?—.~é’:'J>>3J”iEZ§IEfl9Z‘—“%)1*fi/5':“%?£’H:”Z}fi,fi§I€fl£H€IfiElf§fi:E1ZUJ}jri§(s‘ii$'1* $PL»%H€Ifi»§«'2 ,3¥31‘éJ3JZ§EE31‘F~‘.:?r£‘%)+%»§'oI3‘3‘$?&I:7?v%E31’°3|l333|3£.'9Flfii’Z‘£‘%)+ Hflfififik, Tffi%jJ£Z°—“%)1*fi5'oH‘3

63 See Donald MacGillivray,A Century of Protestant Missions in China ,1807 — 1907 , ( Shanghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press , 1907) ,147. ® See James. S. Dennis, Christian Missions and Social Progress, (New York, Chicago and Toronto; Fleming H. Revel] Company, 1899) ,129.

® See China Mission Handbook , (Shanghai;American Presbyterian Mission Press ,1896) ,327. ® See Chinese Recorder,April 1893 ,p. 184. ® éflfififii Huang Zhiqi: ((D]?7ECZ3{ §%fi’f§fi:I:—'§3‘§H‘ fiE'a|3‘J—“Jr%)> W .70” renri: Jiduji-80 Chlmifi-’~10Shi rru Tapi- anmaoyi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also; Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , Hong Kong;EiE.';I:,' ® See Chinese Recorder, (March 1908) ,119. 69 $3 dj ® fiflfififi Huang Z11iqi:((D:F7§l:34 fififilgfiifififififi El‘JiF%>> Y5 T0” renrizlidujiao Chlmiii-’-10555 Tu Tapianmwfi de douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj

99 Efiifififi

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@ Ibid, 3832 -330 @ See F. S. Turner,British Opium Policy and Its Results to India and China,(London;Sa1npson Low,Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1876) , ]]I . (3 See Alfred James Broomhall , Hudson Taylor & China’s Open Cen.turjy;[f I Had ct Thousand Lives , (Hodder and Stoughton and Over- ” seas Missionary Fellowship,1990) ,139 — 140 ; H. J. Beattie, “Protestant Missions and Opium in China, Harvard Paper on China, Vol. 22 , (December 1964) ,122 ,129. ” @ J. B. Brown, “Politics of the Poppy;The Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade, 1874 — 1916 , Journal of Contemporary History,Vol. 8. 2, (1 April 1973) ,101.

100 Févffi : fifififéfiifiiflfifiigfifig E1‘J?é‘;~E—'§’4?r?-sf]

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® éflfififi Huang Z11iqi:((3:F7§C34 §§fi4’3fi:I:—'?J3314‘fig l3‘J—“Jr%>> Y5 70” renrizlidnjiao Chn-’-mfi-’-10355 Tn Tapianmanyi dc douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , (

® Ibid , 42 0 ® See Benjamin Broomhall, The Truth about Opium Smoking, (London;Hodder and Stoughton,1882) ,1 -4. ® éflfififi Huang Z11iqi:((3:F7§C34 §§fi4’3fi:I:—'?J3314‘fig l3‘J—“Jr%>> Y5 70” renrizlidnjiao Chn-’-mfi-’-10355 Tn Tapianmanyi dc douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj @ See W. H. Brereton,The Truth about Opium, H. Allen,1883) ,80. ® See Benjamin Broomhall, The Truth about Opium Smoking, (London;Hodder and Stoughton,1882) ,17 -63.

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@ fiflfififi Huang Zhiqi : ((D:F7El:3{ §E‘fi’l’3fi:l:—'?J3‘§H‘fi5 l3‘JiF$’>> Y5 T095 Fenrizlidujiao Chu-’-mii-90555 Tu Tapianmwfi dc douzhengl Having Kindheartedness and Justice also;Protestant missionaries and the Struggling against the Opium Trade] , ( Eififlj ® Ibid, 44\76—77\126 -1270 ® Ibid, 856,93 —94\121\134 —134\136 -1370

102 Févffi : fifififéfiifiiflfifiigfifig E1‘J?é‘;~E—'§’4?r?-sf]

English Title; The British Missionaries’ Attitudes and Actions to the Opium Trade in Late Qing Dynasty CHEN Caijun Ph. D. , Central China Normal University Professor,Research Institute of Chinese Culture and History ,Jinan University ,510632Guangzhou , China Email;tchcj@ jnu. edu. cn;chencaijun888@ gmail. com

Abstract;The British missionaries came to China at the beginning of the 19th century. At first,most of the British missionaries,for Various reasons,kept silence to the rampant opium smuggling by the British merchants then. Until up to the outbreak of the ,the British missionaries just saw more clearly the serious disaster to the Empire of China and her people caused by opium, and realized more soberly that the British government was the real culprit of the opium trade. So they revealed the destruction of opium to human body and soul one after another, condemned the im- morality of the opium trade in public,and put a great deal of manpower and financial resources into the activities of abstaining from opium poppy in China actively,promoted with utmost strength to the motion of ending the opium trade to China in the British Parliament, and contributed the to canceled the opium trade in China finally.

Key Words; British missionaries, Late Qing Dynasty, the opium trade, abstaining from opium poppy

103