Transmission of the Coconut Cadang-Cadang Viroid to Six Species of Palm by Inoculation with Nucleic Acid Extracts
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The Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis)
PALM S Rival & Levang: Oil Palm Vol. 59(1) 2015 ALAIN RIVAL The Oil Palm Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche (Elaeis Agronomique pour le Développement guineensis ): Jakarta, Indonesia [email protected] Research AND Challenges PATRICE LEVANG Institut de Recherche pour Beyond le Développement Yaoundé, Cameroon Controversies [email protected] Scientists certainly have a part to play in the debate over oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivation, which has captured and polarized public opinion, kindled and undoubtedly shaped by the media. How can this palm be viewed as a “miracle plant” by both the agro-food industry in the North and farmers in the tropical zone, but a serious ecological threat by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) campaigning for the environment or the rights of indigenous peoples? The time has come to move on from this biased and often irrational debate, which is rooted in topical issues of contemporary society in the North, such as junk food, biodiversity, energy policy and ethical consumption. One of the reasons the public has developed as nuclear energy, genetically modified crops such fixed ideas is that there has been a lack or shale gas) that is causing controversy but an of accurate information on the sector and its entire agrom-food sector that has come to actors and a clear-headed analysis of what is symbolize the conflict between the at stake. We point out that the production and conservation of natural spaces and de- processing of palm oil are part of a complex velopment. Consumers, elected representatives globalized agrom-industrial sector shared by and scientists are finally forced to take sides for multiple actors and stakeholders with often or against palm oil, with no room for ifs and conflicting interests. -
SOP Template Northern Blotting with P-32
Standard Operating Procedure Procedure Northern Blotting using 32P Department Location SOP Prepared By: Section 1: Purpose Northern blotting is a standard method for the detection and quantification of RNA from a cell. This is done by isolating and purifying RNA and using a radioactively-labeled DNA or RNA probe to hybridize to and detect the RNA. Using this technique, temporal and spatial location of RNA expression can be found8. Unlike RT-PCR (real-time PCR), which quantifies the amount of RNA or DNA at various times, Northern blotting can be used not only to quantify but also determine the size of the RNA. It is also useful to perform Northern blotting when studying transfer RNA (tRNA), which appears as the two lowest bands on a gel1. The probes used in Northern blotting do not have to be radioactive, but radioactive probes still have the greatest sensitivity. Quantifying mRNA of tRNA can provide insight into gene expression in cells that are exposed to different environments. Section 2: Personal Protective Equipment and Survey Equipment PPE: • Nitrile Gloves • Lab coat or lab gown • Proper enclosed shoes • Safety glasses Other Equipment: • Geiger counter • Personal chest dosimeter Section 3: Radioactive Material 32P, specific type varies according to what procedure is followed for probe design Supplier: Perkin Elmer Starting activity: 10 mCi/mL Typical use quantities: no more than 10uCi per experiment • Radioactive material (RAM) benchtop exposure time: ~10-20 minutes Activity used per experiment: _______________ RAM handling time: _______________ Frequency of experiment: _______________ Section 4: Potential Hazards • 32P is a high-energy beta emitter and has a half-life of 14.29 days. -
Nölken Palm(Kernel)Oil-Statement
2 Nölken Palm oil and palm kernel oil Statement Palm oil is one of the most important vegetable oils as well as the displacement of indigenous people and in the world and is used in many consumer goods. the destruction of biodiversity. During the extraction of palm oil from the fruit, it is also possible to obtain palm kernel oil. This oil from For the variety of care and cosmetics products which palm kernel is a key ingredient for the production of we produce, we use raw materials such as surfactants washing and cleaning substances, e.g. for cosmetics and or emulsifiers based on renewable raw materials with detergents. Palm oil is also used in the food industry and palm kernel oil for example as a primary material. These as fuels or combustibles. However, the cultivation of oil raw materials are identified as palm oil or palm kernel palms (Elaeis guineensis) is often criticised because the oil derivatives. As a result of their productivity, palm production of palm oil is still associated with negative kernel oil derivatives are best suited to the production effects such as the clearance of rain forests, cultivation of cosmetic products. on peat soil with the emission of large amounts of CO2, Replacing palm kernel oil with other oils is not really a non-governmental organisations (i.e. WWF, Greenpea- solution. The shift to soy oil for example, the second ce) call not for an end to the use of palm (kernel) oil most important vegetable oil in the world, would then but for a transfer to a sustainable cultivation of palm cause problems in other countries. -
Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils As Food and Food
foods Review Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient Massimo Mozzon , Roberta Foligni * and Cinzia Mannozzi * Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy; m.mozzon@staff.univpm.it * Correspondence: r.foligni@staff.univpm.it (R.F.); c.mannozzi@staff.univpm.it (C.M.); Tel.: +39-071-220-4010 (R.F.); +39-071-220-4014 (C.M.) Received: 6 April 2020; Accepted: 10 May 2020; Published: 14 May 2020 Abstract: The consumers’ opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and × nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%–80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the “dignity” of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the “tropical equivalent of olive oil”, suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored. -
Glycoprotein Detection with the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System
Glycoprotein Detection with the Odyssey ® Infrared Imaging System Julie A. Champoux, Kristi L.H. Ambroz, Joseph B. Hwang, William M. Volcheck, and Amy R. Schutz-Geshwender LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE 68504 INTRODUCTION bination of lectins can also be used to dissect the Glycosylation is one of the most common and carbohydrate composition of a target protein. important events in post-translational modifica- For more information about IRDye products tion, with over half of all proteins believed to be used in this study, go to http://www.licor.com/bio/ glycosylated.1 Cellular glycoconjugates play reagents/irdyes.jsp. important roles in many biological processes and have been implicated in cancer development, MATERIALS AND METHODS retrovirus infection and other diseases. Carbohy- Sensitivity of biotinylated Con A / IRDye drate-binding proteins known as lectins bind to 800CW-streptavidin and IRDye 800CW-Con A specific oligosaccharides, and can serve as markers Two-fold serial dilutions of α2-macroglobulin, to identify certain cell types or cellular compo- glucose oxidase and RNAse B (Sigma Cat# nents. Lectins have very high binding specificity M6159, 49178 and NEB Cat# P7817S were and have been used to characterize and purify mixed and separated on 4-12% polyacrylamide oligosaccharides.2 This application note describes Tris-glycine gels (Novex/Invitrogen). Samples the use of lectins to detect glycoproteins in West- were electrophoretically transferred onto nitro- ern blot format using the Odyssey® Infrared cellulose membrane (Osmonics). For all blots in Imaging System. this study, blocking was carried out with Odyssey Concanavalin A (Con A) is a carbohydrate- Blocking Buffer (LI-COR, Part # 927-40000) for 1 h binding protein that binds specifically to the at room temperature; washing was performed in most commonly occurring sugars: α-D-mannose, PBST (PBS + 0.1% Tween®-20) for 4 x 5 min, fol- α-D-glucose and, with lower affinity, α-N-acetyl- lowed by a 5 min rinse in PBS before imaging. -
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Northern Blot
Downloaded from rnajournal.cshlp.org on October 6, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press METHOD Near-infrared fluorescent northern blot BRET R. MILLER,1,4 TIANQI WEI,1,4 CHRISTOPHER J. FIELDS,1,2 PEIKE SHENG,1,2 and MINGYI XIE1,2,3 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA 2UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA 3UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA ABSTRACT Northern blot analysis detects RNA molecules immobilized on nylon membranes through hybridization with radioactive 32P-labeled DNA or RNA oligonucleotide probes. Alternatively, nonradioactive northern blot relies on chemiluminescent reactions triggered by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated probes. The use of regulated radioactive material and the complexity of chemiluminescent reactions and detection have hampered the adoption of northern blot techniques by the wider biomedical research community. Here, we describe a sensitive and straightforward nonradioactive northern blot method, which utilizes near-infrared (IR) fluorescent dye-labeled probes (irNorthern). We found that irNorthern has a detection limit of ∼0.05 femtomoles (fmol), which is slightly less sensitive than 32P-Northern. However, we found that the IR dye-labeled probe maintains the sensitivity after multiple usages as well as long-term storage. We also present al- ternative irNorthern methods using a biotinylated DNA probe, a DNA probe labeled by terminal transferase, or an RNA probe labeled during in vitro transcription. Furthermore, utilization of different IR dyes allows multiplex detection of dif- ferent RNA species. Therefore, irNorthern represents a more convenient and versatile tool for RNA detection compared to traditional northern blot analysis. -
NORTHERN BLOT SEM.I Dr.Ramesh Pathak the Northern Blot Is Also
NORTHERN BLOT SEM.I Dr.Ramesh Pathak The Northern blot is also called RNA blot. It is a technique used in molecular biology to study gene expression by detection of RNA in a sample. The northern blot technique developed by James Alwine, David Kemp and Jeorge Stark at Stanford University with contribution from Gerhard Heinrich in 1977.Northern blotting takes its name from its similarity to the first blotting technique, the southern blotting named after biologist Edwin Southern. Procedure The blotting process starts with extraction of total RNA from a homogenized tissue sample or cells on agarose gel containing formaldehyde which is a denaturing agent for the RNA to limit secondary structure. Eukaryotic mRNA can then be isolated through the use of oligo(dT) cellulose chromatography to isolate only those RNAs with a poly A tail. RNA samples are then separated by gel electrophoresis. Since the gels are fragile and the probes are unable to enter matrix, the RNA samples, now separated by size, are transferred to nylon membrane through a capillary or vacuum blotting system. A nylon membrane with a positive charge, is the most effective for use in northern blotting since the negatively charged nucleic acids have a high affinity for them. The transfer buffer used for the blotting usually contain formamide because it lowers the annealing temperature of the probe-RNA interaction, thus eliminating the need for high temperature, which could cause RNA degradation. Once the RNA has been transferred to the membrane, it is immobilized through covalent linkage to the membrane by UV light or heat. -
Hosts of Raoiella Indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Native to the Brazilian Amazon
Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 9, No. 4; 2017 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Hosts of Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Native to the Brazilian Amazon Cristina A. Gómez-Moya1, Talita P. S. Lima2, Elisângela G. F. Morais2, Manoel G. C. Gondim Jr.1 3 & Gilberto J. De Moraes 1 Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil 2 Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil 3 Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Correspondence: Cristina A. Gómez Moya, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil. Tel: 55-81-3320-6207. E-mail: [email protected] Received: January 30, 2017 Accepted: March 7, 2017 Online Published: March 15, 2017 doi:10.5539/jas.v9n4p86 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n4p86 The research is financed by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)/ Program Student-Agreement Post-Graduate (PEC-PG) for the scholarship provided to the first author. Abstract The expansion of red palm mite (RPM), Raoiella indica (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Brazil could impact negatively the native plant species, especially of the family Arecaceae. To determine which species could be at risk, we investigated the development and reproductive potential of R. indica on 19 plant species including 13 native species to the Brazilian Amazon (12 Arecaceae and one Heliconiaceae), and six exotic species, four Arecaceae, a Musaceae and a Zingiberaceae. -
Gene Expression Detection Methods RNA
Gene expression detection methods RNA Dr. Ingrid Müller - AG von Laer 1 TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL REGULATES DIFFERENTIATION Four different human cells - same genes, different structures and functions due to differential gene expression 2 THE CENTRAL DOGMA • Flow of Information: DNA Replication Transcription Translation A B Cells in all living organisms are continually activating or deactivating genes through gene expression, which contain the information required for producing proteins through proteins synthesis. When a particular protein is required by the cell, the gene coding for that protein is activated. The first stage in producing a protein involves the production of an RNA copy of the gene's DNA sequence. This RNA copy is the messenger RNA. The amount of mRNA produced correlates with the amount of protein eventually synthesised and measuring the amount of a particular mRNA produced by a given cell or tissue is often easier than measuring the amount of the final protein. Levels in gene activation may vary between cancerogenic and healthy cells. 3 MOLECULAR METHODS TOOL BOX I. Analysis II. Overexpression III. Inhibition •Western Blot •(adding proteins to in •pharmacological inhibitors, •Proteomics vitro reactions) •dominant-negative Protein •immuno- proteins, histochemisty • protein depletion using •protein chimera antibodies •Electrophoresis •microinjection •RNAi & •Northern Blot •siRNA •RNAse protection •Morpholinos RNA assays •Microarrays •RT-PCR •RNA in-situ •Reporter genes •(microinjection) •Knock-out •Electroporation, •Integrational mutagenesis DNA (gene) •lipofection, •Classic genetics •transgenics 4 RNA METHODS: ELECTROPHORESIS 5 PURIFICATION OF MESSENGER RNA USING OLIGO DT COLUMNS Total cellular RNA; apply at room temperature to Break open anneal polyA tail to oligo(dT) cells in the presence of RNAse Oligo(dT) inhibitors attached to AAAA. -
Oil Palm in Indonesia— the Limits of Certification and Zero— Deforestation Pledges
LEAVES POLICY BRIEF FEBRUARY 2019 OIL PALM IN INDONESIA— THE LIMITS OF CERTIFICATION AND ZERO— DEFORESTATION PLEDGES Highlights • Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the more visible and profitable agricultural commodities driving the expansion of industrial- and small-scale plantations into forest areas, particularly in Southeast Asia. • Between 2000 and 2010, around 4.5 million hectares (ha) of forests were lost in Indonesia with others estimating that the total amount could be over 7 million ha. Around 20% of this deforestation occurred on oil palm plantations. • In Indonesia, initiatives that mitigate and manage deforestation due to palm oil production include standards and certification, zero-deforestation pledges, improvements to smallholder productivity, and jurisdictional management. This policy brief examines how well these initiatives address the causes deforestation and environmental degradation and their acceptability among stakeholders. • Palm oil production in Africa and Asia has as of yet to cause large scale deforestation of primary forest as much of the land being used for plantations was previously cleared for agriculture. • Development partners can further mitigate palm oil’s impact on deforestation by identifying financially viable and sustainable small-scale models, improving the taxation models for plantations and supply chains, strengthening the legality of jurisdictional approaches, and improving traceability in the palm oil supply chain. Introduction and eventual conversion of natural forests and peatland beginning with forestry concessions. In Southeast Asia, Globally, tropical deforestation, forest fires, and peatland oil palm cultivation has become synonymous with tropical degradation are a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions deforestation and subject to numerous environmental and biodiversity loss. -
THE BIODIVERSITY LOSS CRISIS in SOUTHEAST ASIA a Literature Review on Current Research
Louise Nilsson Kultur och Samhälle Urbana Studier MV109C Miljövetenskap: Kandidatkurs VT 2019 Handledare: Jonas Lundgren & Johanna Nygren Spanne Picture 1: Cacao pods at plantation in Pulau Samosir, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, Louise Nilsson, 2018. THE BIODIVERSITY LOSS CRISIS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA A literature review on current research Louise Nilsson Kultur och samhälle Urbana studier MV109C Miljövetenskap: Kandidatkurs VT 2019 Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the biodiversity loss problematics in Southeast Asia, since it is one of the most species rich places on Earth, coupled with the highest rate of loss of species. Four biodiversity hotspots encompasses Southeast Asia which implies areas of high endemism coupled with high rates habitat loss. This thesis aim to understand what current research in the field focuses on and what ways of protecting biodiversity in the area that exists. The main driver of biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia as well as in the rest of the world, are land-use alterations; forests and natural habitat being converted to monoculture plantations, as well as agricultural- and urban expansions. Through a systematic literature review of scientific material from 2010- 2019, the biodiversity research in Southeast Asia is reviewed. What the literature review concluded was that an array of environmental- as well as socioeconomic problems intensifies each other in the area, such as poverty and biodiversity loss. International cooperation to halt biodiversity loss and the global demand for products produced in the area which greatly damages ecosystems needs to be addressed urgently. Actions to halt the mass-extinction of species and their connected ecosystem services needs to be taken by providing means to organizations and to scientists that work in the area and could possibly be addressed by moving from anthropocentrism towards a biocentric nature view. -
Protein Blotting Guide
Electrophoresis and Blotting Protein Blotting Guide BEGIN Protein Blotting Guide Theory and Products Part 1 Theory and Products 5 Chapter 5 Detection and Imaging 29 Total Protein Detection 31 Transfer Buffer Formulations 58 5 Chapter 1 Overview of Protein Blotting Anionic Dyes 31 Towbin Buffer 58 Towbin Buffer with SDS 58 Transfer 6 Fluorescent Protein Stains 31 Stain-Free Technology 32 Bjerrum Schafer-Nielsen Buffer 58 Detection 6 Colloidal Gold 32 Bjerrum Schafer-Nielsen Buffer with SDS 58 CAPS Buffer 58 General Considerations and Workflow 6 Immunodetection 32 Dunn Carbonate Buffer 58 Immunodetection Workflow 33 0.7% Acetic Acid 58 Chapter 2 Methods and Instrumentation 9 Blocking 33 Protein Blotting Methods 10 Antibody Incubations 33 Detection Buffer Formulations 58 Electrophoretic Transfer 10 Washes 33 General Detection Buffers 58 Tank Blotting 10 Antibody Selection and Dilution 34 Total Protein Staining Buffers and Solutions 59 Semi-Dry Blotting 11 Primary Antibodies 34 Substrate Buffers and Solutions 60 Microfiltration (Dot Blotting) Species-Specific Secondary Antibodies 34 Stripping Buffer 60 Antibody-Specific Ligands 34 Blotting Systems and Power Supplies 12 Detection Methods 35 Tank Blotting Cells 12 Colorimetric Detection 36 Part 3 Troubleshooting 63 Mini Trans-Blot® Cell and Criterion™ Blotter 12 Premixed and Individual Colorimetric Substrates 38 Transfer 64 Trans-Blot® Cell 12 Immun-Blot® Assay Kits 38 Electrophoretic Transfer 64 Trans-Blot® Plus Cell 13 Immun-Blot Amplified AP Kit 38 Microfiltration 65 Semi-Dry Blotting Cells