THE TAGUS BASIN; GROUNDWATER AND TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS

SPRINGS OF THE CUERVO RIVER (TAGUS BASIN) MARÍA CASADO SÁENZ FRANCE PORTUGAL

GEOLOGY OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA. AFTER IGME (2004) DISTRIBUTION OF MOST IMPORTANT AQUIFERN FORMATIONS IN SPAIN DISTRIBUTION OF MOST IMPORTANT AQUIFERN TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS FORMATIONS IN SPAIN SPANISH TAGUS RIVER BASIN

THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN SOURCE OF THE TAGUS RIVER IN LA MUELA DE SAN JUAN, MONTES UNIVERSALES THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN BOLARQUE RESERVOIR IN THE TAGUS

Jurassic and Cretaceous folded limestones THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN Trillo Pression Water Reactor 1100 MW

THE TAGUS AND THE VILLAGE OF TRILLO; NUCLEAR POWER PLANT OF TRILLO THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN TAJUÑA RIVER, IRRIGATED AREA. Surface Water Demand : 1.551 Mm 3/year 204.220 ha : Irrigated Surface in the Ground Water Demand: 135 Mm 3/year Spanish Tagus basin

PÁRAMO LIMESTONES FORMATION TAJUÑA RIVER

SILT AND CLAYS THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN TAGUS IN TOLEDO

Mean Flow: Around 40 m 3/s (1975-2006 Period) THE TAGUS RIVER BASIN IN SPAIN TAGUS IN ALCÁNTARA MEAN INFLOW IN ALCANTARA: 190 m 3/s

Dam and Roman Bridge of Alcántara, FLOOD IN IN ALCÁNTARA UNITS Spanish Tagus Spain

Surface km 2 55.870 506.470

Habitant in 2004 (*) Habitantants 6.994.774 39.238.000

Mean rainfall for 1949-2000 period mm 655 684

Surface Runoff Mm 3 11.235 113.812

Specific runoff Mm 3/km 2 0,219 0,225 (1949-2000)

Storage Capacity Mm 3 12.000 56.063

Groundwater Runoff Mm 3 1.565 20.881

Groundwater Storage in Aquifers Mm 3 4.700 180.000

Some basic data for the Spanish Tagus Basin. From: “La cuenca del Tajo en Cifras” (2002) and (*) Water Basin Organism (2006 and 2009) WATER DISTRICTS IN GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE SPAIN FRANCE TAGUS BASIN

TAJUÑA-MONTES UNIVERSALES UNIT PORTUGAL MADRID TALAVERA MORALEJA MADRID Hoz Seca El Tornero, Karstic Spring

Hoz Seca River Canyon

LIMESTONES

MARLS

VIEW OVER THE AQUIFER TAJUÑA- MONTES UNIVERSALES SPRING OF “LAS AGUAS PEÑAS”, (CHECA, GUADALAJARA)

JURASIC LIMESTONE

TRAVERTINE

KEUPER FORMATION Jurasic Limestones

Gypsum and Marls

EL TOBAR WETLAND IN THE GUADIELA RIVER, TAGUS AFFLUENT MEAN FLOW: 22 m 3/s (1935-1980) 13 m 3/s (1980-2005)

VIEW FROM GAUGING STATION E-3005 IN TRILLO, TAGUS RIVER, UPSTREAM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT TAGUS RIVER DISCHARGE IN TRILLO GAUGING E-3005 (1955-1980) 320,00 River Flow on monthly basis 300,00 Q90: Monthly discharge that was 280,00 surpassed the 90% of the studied 260,00 months 240,00 /month

3 220,00 200,00 180,00 160,00 140,00 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40,00 Stream Discharge in Mm 20,00 0,00 10/55 06/57 02/59 10/60 06/62 02/64 10/65 06/67 02/69 10/70 06/72 02/74 10/75 06/77 02/79 10/80 TAGUS RIVER DISCHARGE IN TRILLO GAUGING E-3005 (1980-2005) 320.00 River Flow on monthly basis 300.00 280.00 Q90: Monthly discharge that was surpassed the 90% of the studied 260.00 months 240.00 /month

3 220.00 200.00 180.00 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 Stream discharge in Mm 20.00 0.00 10/80 06/82 02/84 10/85 06/87 02/89 10/90 06/92 02/94 10/95 06/97 02/99 10/00 06/02 02/04 10/05 WATER DISTRICTS IN SPAIN GROUNDWATER BODIES IN FRANCE THE TAGUS BASIN

TAJUÑA-MONTES UNIVERSALES GW BODY MADRID

PORTUGAL TALAVERA AQUIFER: 4 GW BODIES

MORALEJA GW BODY MADRID Piezometer Code: 03.13.002 Cilleros MORALEJA TRANSBOUNDARY Piezometer Depth: 92 m Surface Datum: 290 mosl (meters over sea level) UNIT: 290,0 0,00 289,6 0,40 PIEZOMETRIC CONTOURS AND 289,2 0,80 PIEZOMETRIC EVOLUTION 288,8 1,20

288,4 1,60

288,0 2,00

287,6 2,40

287,2 2,80 Water Depth (m) WaterDepth 286,8 3,20

286,4 3,60 Piezometric Level (mosl)

286,0 4,00 09/06 01/07 05/07 09/07 01/08 05/08 09/08 01/09 05/09 09/09 01/10 05/10 09/10

LEGEND

PORTUGAL GW WATERSHED HYDROGEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION OF THE MORALEJA AQUIFER IN THE SPANISH ZONE: CONCEPTUAL MODEL 60 900 800 ) 50 700 - 3 40 600 500 30 400 mg/l No mg/l 20 300 200 10 100 0 0 CONDUCTIVITY(microS/cm 01/04 04/04 08/04 11/04 02/05 05/05 09/05 12/05 03/06 07/06 10/06 01/07 04/07 08/07 11/07 02/08 06/08 09/08 12/08 03/09 07/09 10/09 01/10 05/10 08/10 NO3 Maximum permited N. Guía Conductivity (Ms/cm) EVOLUTION IN NITRATE CONCENTRATION IN MORALEJA GROUNDWATER BODY GENERAL VIEW OF THE TIPICAL TERTIARY SEDIMENTS OF THE TAGUS BASIN TERTIARY SEDIMENTS

BASIN BORDER Piezometer Code: 03.05.90 Cazalegas GROUNDWATER BODIES IN THE Piezometer Depth: 305 m AQUIFER OF MADRID-TALAVERA: Surface Datum: 441 25 466 PIEZOMETRIC NETWORK

20 461

15 456

10 451 (m)

5 446 the ground (m) Piezométric Level Water level over 0 441 09 10 09 10 09 jun- abr- ene- sep- nov-

ER IV R R E E H V C I R R E B L A A M Piezometer Code: 03.05.67 Villaviciosa de Odón A R Piezometer Depth: 60 m R Surface Datum (mosl): 618 m A D 618 0 A U G 608 10

TA (m) GU S R IV (mosl) ER 598 20 GroundwaterDepth Piezometer Level Piezometer Area of Groundwater protection 588 30 around Madrid 1985 1988 1995 2003 2005 2007 2010 DRILLING A NEW PIEZOMETER IN SEVILLA LA NUEVA (MADRID) GROUNDWATER RELATED PROBLEMS IN THE TAGUS BASIN AND

AND

SOME OF THE UNDERTAKEN MEASUREMENTS

1. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE: ENHANCE IT PROMOTING NEW STUDIES 2. NITRATE PROBLEMS: REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO APPLY THE BEST AGRICULTURAL CODE PRACTICES AND SAFETY PERIMETERS 3. NETWORKS: IMPLEMENTING THEM 4. QUANTITATIVE PROBLEMS: STRONGER REGULATIONS AND USERS COMUNITIES