PROCEEDINGS of the SIXTY-SIXTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2017 Sacramento, CA

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PROCEEDINGS of the SIXTY-SIXTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2017 Sacramento, CA PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2017 Sacramento, CA PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-SIXTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2017 Sacramento, CA ©2017 Western Poultry Disease Conference 66TH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE DEDICATION RICHARD McCAPES Richard “Dick” McCapes was born in 1933. He attended the University of California, Davis (UCD), School of Veterinary Medicine (SVM), and graduated in 1958 with his DVM. While at UCD, Dick met his wife, Marilyn, and they were married in 1955. Following graduation, Dick went into private practice in the San Luis Obispo area. However, in 1970, the McCapes and their children moved back to Davis where Dick was hired as a lecturer in the UC Davis SVM. Since 1970, Dick has held a number of positions in the vet school, including serving as Chair of the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. Most of his research has been carried out in cooperation with laboratory- based faculty on a variety of poultry health problems, including investigations involving mycoplasma infections, salmonellosis, paramyxovirus type 3, hemorrhagic enteritis, lymphoproliferative disease of turkeys, and avian influenza. Perhaps Dr. McCapes’ hallmark accomplishment was the development and direction of the SVM’s Avian Medicine Residency Program. This offering was designed to provide a level of advanced training in clinical avian medicine that would enable the graduates to function effectively in a poultry industry-related corporate environment, in a private practice, or in an academic setting. This program had no equal and has been proven to be highly successful. (The first resident was Dr. Gregg Cutler in 1976.) Dr. McCapes served as President of the AAAP in 1978-79, and actively supported the WPDC, serving as Program Chair (1968) and President (1969). The McCapes have experienced almost every possible aspect of UC Davis. In more than six decades as UCD Aggies, they have been students, alumni, faculty, staff, retirees, volunteers and alumni Life Members. Dick, and his late wife Marilyn, were recently honored at the Cal Aggie Alumni Association’s Award Gala, which took place on February 3, 2017 at UCD, by receiving the 2017 Aggie Service Award in recognition of their exemplary Aggie pride and dedication to UC Davis. It is with great appreciation and honor that the 66th Western Poultry Disease Conference be dedicated to Dr. Richard McCapes. iii 66th WPDC SPECIAL RECOGNITION AWARD PETER WOOLCOCK Peter was born in 1944 and raised in post-war Central London. He graduated from Birmingham University with a degree in botany, but had gained an interest in microbiology. This resulted in obtaining his MSc in general virology the following year. Subsequently, Peter attended Leeds University and graduated in 1974 with a PhD in microbiology. Peter met his bride-to-be, Lesley, while both were attending technical college in London. They were married in London in 1968, and had two boys, Chris and Rob, both born in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. Peter’s first job as a virologist was working at the Animal Health Trust near Newmarket in East Anglia. Here, he worked on duck hepatitis virus (DHV) and other duck diseases, including Chlamydia psittaci; however, in 1984 funding for his research ended. Peter’s next professional opportunity came in 1985 when he received a call from Bruce Calnek at the Cornell Duck Research Laboratory on Long Island, NY. So, in 1986, at the age of 41, Peter and Lesley packed up their belongings, and with their two boys headed west, across the pond, to the USA and their “American Dream." While at the Duck Research Laboratory, Peter continued his work with DHV. He developed a plaque assay in cell culture which allowed them to make an inactivated vaccine that could be tested by monitoring the immune response in vaccinated ducks by assaying for neutralizing antibody in the plaque assay in cell culture. He also produced DHV and DVE vaccines and bacterins for Riemerella anatipestifer and E. coli. However, once again, funding became extremely tight, and in 1991 Peter found himself looking for his next great opportunity. That came in the form of a phone call from a colleague, H.L. Shivaprasad, aka, Prasad, who was previously at Cornell University at the same time Peter was there. The UC Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine had recently taken over administration of the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS) and was looking for an avian virologist for the system, who would be located in Fresno, CA. Once again, Peter, Lesley and the boys packed their bags and headed west to sunny California, the “land of fruits and nuts!” For the next 18 years, Peter flourished as the avian virologist for CAHFS. He recalls numerous exciting cases, including the NDV outbreak in 2002, identifying Hepatitis E virus, isolation of very virulent IBDV, isolation of WNV, and many isolations of AIV. During this time, he was author or co-author on almost 70 publications in refereed journals, 35 book chapters, and numerous presentations and abstracts. He was a member of the editorial committee for the 5th and 6th editions of “A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Avian Pathogens.” Once again, however, times got tough and the Fresno lab was closed in 2009 due to a budget crisis in California. Peter was relocated to the CAHFS-Davis laboratory, where he continued his work as the laboratory system’s avian virologist until his retirement in 2013. Peter and Lesley continue to live in Fresno. Peter now spends his time swimming, gardening, studying photography, doing yoga, and traveling. Peter has also recently gotten involved with local government by serving as a trustee on the Fresno Mosquito and Vector Control District Board. They visit their sons and grandchildren as often as possible. One son lives on Long Island, NY, and the other son, along with his wife and Peter’s two grandchildren, live in Houston, TX. The 66th WPDC is honored to recognize Dr. Peter Woolcock for his service to the advancement of knowledge of avian diseases in the western region. iv WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD RICHARD P. CHIN After many dedicated years involved with the Western Poultry Disease Conference (WPDC) in many capacities, Rich is relinquishing his crucial spot on the WPDC Executive Committee roost (or so he says). Dr. Richard Chin was born October 26, 1957 and was raised in San Mateo, California. He received a B.S. degree in Animal Science (1979), Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree (1983), and Master’s degree in Preventive Veterinary Medicine (1985) from the University of California, Davis. In 1986 he completed a residency program in Avian Medicine at the Turlock laboratory. During his subsequent career with the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System and California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, Rich served as Branch Chief of the Fresno Branch Laboratory before being transferred to the Tulare lab because of the Fresno lab closure. He officially retired in 2015, finishing his career in Tulare. He and his wife Elaine have recently moved into a newly-built house in Petaluma. Over the course of his career, Dr. Chin has been the author or co-author of at least 48 peer-reviewed refereed publications and has been contributing author for chapter sections addressing Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale and Mycoplasma meleagridis in “Diseases of Poultry.” Rich has always considered professional service as an important component of his career. He served on committees, on the board of directors (1996-2000), and as president (2004-05) of the American Association of Avian Pathologists. Dr. Chin was the recipient of the Lasher-Bottorff Award in 2012. He has also given valuable service to the American Veterinary Medical Association and as a long-time member of the Technical Committee of the National Poultry Improvement Plan. Just as significantly, Dr. Chin has participated in important advisory capacities assisting the poultry industries within California. Rich first began attending the WPDC in the mid-80s when it was still being held at the UC Davis Faculty Club. Over the next ten years or so, he regularly presented papers and “learned the ropes” of the organization. In 1991 he served as program chair of the joint 40th WPDC/XVI ANECA meeting held in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. This was a difficult organizational undertaking at the time, and Rich completed his task admirably. The following year he served as president of the WPDC in Sacramento. Over the next few years, changes needed to occur regarding the WPDC organizational roles and Rich worked closely with Rosy and others during this period. In 1997, Rich officially assumed the position of secretary-treasurer – position he has held for 20 years. It is significant to note that he has not missed a WPDC since attending his very first meeting. It is impossible to enumerate the number of lives he has touched in positive ways and people he has guided and helped during those years. Therefore, it is with great pride and pleasure that the Western Poultry Disease Conference Distinguished Service Award be presented to Dr. Richard Chin for his many years of dedicated time and service to all of us involved in the WPDC. We look forward to many more years working with Rich as a valued WPDC adviser, and wish him well in his “retirement.” v IN MEMORIUM DUNCAN McMARTIN Dr. Duncan McMartin, of Davis, California and Rannoch, Scotland, passed away at home on Jan. 14th, 2017. McMartin was a member of the school’s faculty from 1980-1993 in our Vet Extension Unit and in the Department of Population Health and Reproduction. McMartin provided leadership and advanced scientific knowledge of avian health problems.
Recommended publications
  • University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover
    University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Investigations on the taxonomy of the genus Riemerella and diagnosis of Riemerella infections in domestic poultry and pigeons Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree - Doctor of Veterinary Medicine - Doctor medicinae veterinariae (Dr. med. vet.) by Dennis Rubbenstroth, PhD Bielefeld Hannover 2012 Academic supervision Prof. S. Rautenschlein (Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany) 1st Referee Prof. S. Rautenschlein 2nd Referee Prof. P. Valentin-Weigand (Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany) Date of oral exam: November 7 th , 2012 Meinen beiden Großmüttern in dankbarer Erinnerung Table of contents v Table of contents Table of contents....................................................................................................................... v List of abbreviations ...............................................................................................................vii Manuscripts and participation of this author ........................................................................viii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 2. Literature review .......................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Taxonomy of the genus Riemerella ...................................................................... 3 2.2. Morphology,
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological and Molecular Studies on Riemerella Anatipestifer Infection in Ducks
    Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 67 No. 168 January 2021, 61-74 Assiut University web-site: www.aun.edu.eg EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON RIEMERELLA ANATIPESTIFER INFECTION IN DUCKS DOHA ABD ALRAHMAN AHMED; MOSTAFA SAIF ELDIN; RAGAB SAYED IBRAHIM AND OMAR AMEN *Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. Received: 23 December 2020; Accepted: 31 December 2020 ABSTRACT Infectious serositis is a considerable economic problem in duck industry caused by Riemerella anatipestifer. The current study was conducted to investigate the circulating R. anatipestifer in ducks in Assiut Province and assessing their antimicrobial susceptibility. One-hundred and twenty diseased or freshly dead ducks aging 1-18 weeks were examined. Naturally infected birds showed respiratory, nervous, and locomotor disturbances, and low body weight. R. anatipestifer was detected in 16.6% (20) of birds. Among the bacteriologically positive 20 birds, only 10 could be identified by PCR as R. anatipestifer with a prevalence rate of 8.33%. The sensitivity biogram revealed that all the obtained isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, doxycycline, and flumequine while resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, spectinomycin, and cephradine was observed. On the basis of MIC, all isolates had 90- 100% sensitivity to doxycycline and amoxicillin, respectively. Experimentally, the isolated R.anatipestifer strains showed pathogenicity to 14-days-old ducklings. Keywords: Ducks, Riemerella anatipestifer, PCR, MIC, pathogenicity. INTRODUCTION forming bacterium that is capsulated with Indian ink (Hess et al., 2013; Shancy et al., Among the global leading problems 2018). Clinically, the infected birds show confronting duck industry is Riemerella lethargy, nasal discharge, swollen sinuses, anatipestifer infection that implicates in dyspnea, diarrhea and neurologic acute and chronic conditions and can disturbances (Sandhu, 2003; Wu et al., develop into epizootic infectious 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Characterization of a Type B Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase from the Emerging Pathogen Elizabethkingia Anophelis N
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Structural characterization of a Type B chloramphenicol acetyltransferase from the emerging pathogen Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1 Seyed Mohammad Ghafoori1, Alyssa M. Robles2, Angelika M. Arada2, Paniz Shirmast1, David M. Dranow3,4, Stephen J. Mayclin3,4, Donald D. Lorimer3,4, Peter J. Myler3,5, Thomas E. Edwards3,4, Misty L. Kuhn2 & Jade K. Forwood1* Elizabethkingia anophelis is an emerging multidrug resistant pathogen that has caused several global outbreaks. E. anophelis belongs to the large family of Flavobacteriaceae, which contains many bacteria that are plant, bird, fsh, and human pathogens. Several antibiotic resistance genes are found within the E. anophelis genome, including a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CATs play important roles in antibiotic resistance and can be transferred in genetic mobile elements. They catalyse the acetylation of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, thereby reducing its efectiveness as a viable drug for therapy. Here, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of a CAT protein from the E. anophelis NUHP1 strain that caused a Singaporean outbreak. Its structure does not resemble that of the classical Type A CATs but rather exhibits signifcant similarity to other previously characterized Type B (CatB) proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnifcus, which adopt a hexapeptide repeat fold. Moreover, the CAT protein from E. anophelis displayed high sequence similarity to other clinically validated chloramphenicol resistance genes, indicating it may also play a role in resistance to this antibiotic. Our work expands the very limited structural and functional coverage of proteins from Flavobacteriaceae pathogens which are becoming increasingly more problematic. Flavobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative, mostly aerobic bacteria found in a wide variety of environments1.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Review
    UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, ALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS VIRULENCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AVIAN ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS FIELD ISOLATES AND GENETIC APPROACH TO SELECT MORE RESISTANT LAYING HENS TESIS DOCTORAL Ana Estefanía Blanco García Ingeniero Agrónomo 2017 UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, ALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS DEPARTAMENTO DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRARIA TESIS DOCTORAL VIRULENCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AVIAN ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS FIELD ISOLATES AND GENETIC APPROACH TO SELECT MORE RESISTANT LAYING HENS Ana Estefanía Blanco García Ingeniero Agrónomo Director de Tesis Director de Tesis D. Carlos Buxadé Carbó D. Rudolf Preisinger Prof. Dr. Dr. Ingeniero Agrónomo Prof. Dr. Ingeniero Agrónomo 2017 II “The scientific man does not aim at an immediate result. He does not expect that his advanced ideas will be readily taken up. His work is like that of the planter - for the future. His duty is to lay the foundation for those who are to come, and point the way” Nikola Tesla A mi familia III IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and the support of several persons. It is a pleasure to convey my gratitude to them all in my humble acknowledgment. First and foremost, I offer my utmost gratitude to my supervisors for believing in my capabilities and their advice, guidance and unconditional support. Carlos, thanks for your friendship and for motivating me to reach the goals that I set for my life and all you have taught me. Prof. Preisinger, thanks for the election of the interesting topics of this dissertation, your good advice and for letting me present the dissertation results at national and international seminars and conferences.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquisition and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance: a Tet(X) Case Study
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Acquisition and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance: A tet(X) Case Study Rustam Aminov 1,2 1 School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; [email protected] 2 Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia Abstract: Understanding the mechanisms leading to the rise and dissemination of antimicrobial re- sistance (AMR) is crucially important for the preservation of power of antimicrobials and controlling infectious diseases. Measures to monitor and detect AMR, however, have been significantly delayed and introduced much later after the beginning of industrial production and consumption of antimi- crobials. However, monitoring and detection of AMR is largely focused on bacterial pathogens, thus missing multiple key events which take place before the emergence and spread of AMR among the pathogens. In this regard, careful analysis of AMR development towards recently introduced antimi- crobials may serve as a valuable example for the better understanding of mechanisms driving AMR evolution. Here, the example of evolution of tet(X), which confers resistance to the next-generation tetracyclines, is summarised and discussed. Initial mechanisms of resistance to these antimicro- bials among pathogens were mostly via chromosomal mutations leading to the overexpression of efflux pumps. High-level resistance was achieved only after the acquisition of flavin-dependent monooxygenase-encoding genes from the environmental microbiota. These genes confer resistance to all tetracyclines, including the next-generation tetracyclines, and thus were termed tet(X). ISCR2 and IS26, as well as a variety of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids of different incompatibility groups, played an essential role in the acquisition of tet(X) genes from natural reservoirs and in Citation: Aminov, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ermf and Ered Are Responsible for Erythromycin Resistance in Riemerella Anatipestifer
    RESEARCH ARTICLE ErmF and ereD Are Responsible for Erythromycin Resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer Linlin Xing1,2, Hui Yu1, Jingjing Qi1, Pan Jiang1, Bingqing Sun1, Junsheng Cui1, Changcan Ou1, Weishan Chang2*, Qinghai Hu1* 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai, 200241, China, 2 College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018, China * [email protected] (QH); [email protected] (WC) Abstract To investigate the genetic basis of erythromycin resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer, the MIC to erythromycin of 79 R. anatipestifer isolates from China and one typed strain, ATCC11845, were evaluated. The results showed that 43 of 80 (53.8%) of the tested R. OPEN ACCESS anatipestifer strains showed resistance to erythromycin, and 30 of 43 erythromycin-resistant R. anatipestifer strains carried ermF or ermFU with an MIC in the range of 32–2048 μg/ml, Citation: Xing L, Yu H, Qi J, Jiang P, Sun B, Cui J, et – μ al. (2015) ErmF and ereD Are Responsible for while the other 13 strains carrying the ereD gene exhibited an MIC of 4 16 g/ml. Of 30 Erythromycin Resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer. ermF + R. anatipestifer strains, 27 (90.0%) carried the ermFU gene which may have been PLoS ONE 10(6): e0131078. doi:10.1371/journal. derived from the CTnDOT-like element, while three other strains carried ermF from transpo- pone.0131078 son Tn4351. Moreover, sequence analysis revealed that ermF, ermFU, and ereD were Editor: Ulrike Gertrud Munderloh, University of located within the multiresistance region of the R.
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Genome Evolution in Obligate Insect Symbionts, Including The
    Characteristics of genome evolution in obligate insect symbionts, including the description of a recently identified obligate extracellular symbiont. Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Laura Jean Kenyon, B.S. Graduate Program in Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 2015 Thesis Committee: Norman Johnson Andy Michel Kelly Wrighton Zakee L. Sabree, Advisor Copyright by Laura Jean Kenyon 2015 Abstract Animal-bacterial symbioses have shaped the evolution of all eukaryotic organisms. All symbioses have in common a long-term association and therefore provide valuable insight into the evolution and diversification of both partners. Insect-bacterial mutualisms represent the most extreme natural partnerships known, showing evidence of coevolution and obligate interdependence between the partners. Early investigations of plant sap-feeding insects, in particular, revealed tissues of unknown function inhabited by bacteria and insects void of their symbionts revealed reduced host fitness compared to symbiotic insects. Due to the obligate nature of the relationships, endosymbiotic bacteria are uncultivable, but complete genome sequencing suggests bacterial mutualists metabolic capabilities and likely contribution to the mutualisms, typically nutrient provisioning. A well-supported pattern of bacterial genome evolution for obligate mutualists is extreme genome reduction, likely due to relaxed selection upon genes that are not required in the stable environment of the host, leading to an accumulation of deleterious mutations in these genes, and eventually to their complete loss, leaving only those genes that are required for the relatively-stable life-style and for maintenance of the symbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Carried by Two Epilithonimonas Strains Isolated from Farmed Diseased Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus Mykiss in Chile
    antibiotics Article Genetic Characterization of the Tetracycline-Resistance Gene tet(X) Carried by Two Epilithonimonas Strains Isolated from Farmed Diseased Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in Chile Christopher Concha 1, Claudio D. Miranda 1,2,*, Javier Santander 3 and Marilyn C. Roberts 4 1 Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile; [email protected] 2 Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile 3 Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; [email protected] 4 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suit #100, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-512209762 Abstract: The main objective of this study was to characterize the tet(X) genes, which encode a monooxygenase that catalyzes the degradation of tetracycline antibiotics, carried by the resistant strains FP105 and FP233-J200, using whole-genome sequencing analysis. The isolates were recovered from fin lesion and kidney samples of diseased rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, during two Flavobacteriosis outbreaks occurring in freshwater farms located in Southern Chile. The strains were identified as Epilithonimonas spp. by using biochemical tests and by genome comparison analysis Citation: Concha, C.; Miranda, C.D.; using the PATRIC bioinformatics platform and exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Santander, J.; Roberts, M.C. Genetic of oxytetracycline of 128 µg/mL. The tet(X) genes were located on small contigs of the FP105 and Characterization of the Tetracycline- FP233-J200 genomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological and Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Flavobacteriaceae As Potential Ancestral Source of Tigecycline Resistance Gene Tet(X)
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18475-9 OPEN Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis reveals Flavobacteriaceae as potential ancestral source of tigecycline resistance gene tet(X) Rong Zhang 1,5, Ning Dong2,5, Zhangqi Shen3,5, Yu Zeng1, Jiauyue Lu1, Congcong Liu1, Hongwei Zhou1, Yanyan Hu1, Qiaoling Sun1, Qipeng Cheng2,4, Lingbing Shu1, Jiachang Cai1, Edward Wai-Chi Chan4, ✉ ✉ Gongxiang Chen 1 & Sheng Chen 2 1234567890():,; Emergence of tigecycline-resistance tet(X) gene orthologues rendered tigecycline ineffective as last-resort antibiotic. To understand the potential origin and transmission mechanisms of these genes, we survey the prevalence of tet(X) and its orthologues in 2997 clinical E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates collected nationwide in China with results showing very low pre- valence on these two types of strains, 0.32% and 0%, respectively. Further surveillance of tet (X) orthologues in 3692 different clinical Gram-negative bacterial strains collected during 1994–2019 in hospitals in Zhejiang province, China reveals 106 (2.7%) tet(X)-bearing strains with Flavobacteriaceae being the dominant (97/376, 25.8%) bacteria. In addition, tet(X)s are found to be predominantly located on the chromosomes of Flavobacteriaceae and share similar GC-content as Flavobacteriaceae. It also further evolves into different orthologues and transmits among different species. Data from this work suggest that Flavobacteriaceae could be the potential ancestral source of the tigecycline resistance gene tet(X). 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, ZhejiangHangzhou, China. 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
    [Show full text]
  • Apibacter Adventoris Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a Member of the Phylum Bacteroidetes Isolated from Honey Bees Waldan K
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2016), 66, 1323–1329 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.000882 Apibacter adventoris gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from honey bees Waldan K. Kwong1,2 and Nancy A. Moran2 Correspondence 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Waldan K. Kwong 2Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA [email protected] Honey bees and bumble bees harbour a small, defined set of gut bacterial associates. Strains matching sequences from 16S rRNA gene surveys of bee gut microbiotas were isolated from two honey bee species from East Asia. These isolates were mesophlic, non-pigmented, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 29–31 mol%. They had ,87 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to the closest relatives described. Phylogenetic reconstruction using 20 protein-coding genes showed that these bee-derived strains formed a highly supported monophyletic clade, sister to the clade containing species of the genera Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia within the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose placing these strains in a novel genus and species: Apibacter adventoris gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Apibacter adventoris is wkB301T (5NRRL B-65307T5NCIMB 14986T). Bacteria from the phylum Bacteroidetes are often constitu- In July and August of 2014, samples of the Asian honey bee ents of animal microbiotas.
    [Show full text]
  • Riemerella Anatipestifer M949 0459 Gene Is Responsible for the Bacterial Resistance to Tigecycline
    www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/ Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, (No. 57), pp: 96615-96626 Research Paper: Pathology Riemerella anatipestifer M949_0459 gene is responsible for the bacterial resistance to tigecycline Tao Li1, Min Shan1,2, Jing He1, Xiaolan Wang1, Shaohui Wang1, Mingxing Tian1, Jingjing Qi1, Tingrong Luo2, Yonghong Shi1, Chan Ding1 and Shengqing Yu1 1 Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China Correspondence to: Shengqing Yu, email: [email protected] Keywords: Riemerella anatipestifer, M949_0459 gene, MIC, tigecycline, resistance, Pathology Section Received: May 16, 2017 Accepted: June 29, 2017 Published: July 27, 2017 Copyright: Li et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT Based on its important role in last-line therapeutics against multidrug-resistant bacteria, tigecycline has been increasingly important in treating infections. However, mounting reports on tigecycline-resistant bacterial strains isolated from different sources are of concern, and molecular mechanisms regarding tigecycline resistance are poorly understood. Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, which causes fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, and meningitis in infected ducks. We previously constructed a random transposon mutant library using Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3, in present study, we described that Riemerella anatipestifer M949_0459 gene is responsible for the bacterial resistance to tigecycline. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay, a mutant strain showed significantly increased (about six-fold) tigecycline susceptibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Riemerella Anatipestifer Are Required for Iron and Hemin Utilization
    RESEARCH ARTICLE TonB Energy Transduction Systems of Riemerella anatipestifer Are Required for Iron and Hemin Utilization HeBin Liao1,2,3, XingJun Cheng1,2,3, DeKang Zhu1,2,3, MingShu Wang1,2,3, RenYong Jia1,2,3, Shun Chen1,2,3, XiaoYue Chen1,2,3, Francis Biville4, MaFeng Liu1,2,3*, AnChun Cheng1,2,3* 1 Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, 2 Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human ’ a11111 Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People s Republic of China, 4 Unité des Infections Bactériennes Invasives, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France * [email protected] (ML); [email protected] (AC) Abstract OPEN ACCESS Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is one of the most important pathogens in ducks. Citation: Liao H, Cheng X, Zhu D, Wang M, Jia R, The bacteria causes acute or chronic septicemia characterized by fibrinous pericarditis and Chen S, et al. (2015) TonB Energy Transduction meningitis. The R. anatipestifer genome encodes multiple iron/hemin-uptake systems that Systems of Riemerella anatipestifer Are Required for Iron and Hemin Utilization. PLoS ONE 10(5): facilitate adaptation to iron-limited host environments. These systems include several e0127506. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127506 TonB-dependent transporters and three TonB proteins responsible for energy transduction. Received: January 14, 2015 These three tonB genes are present in all the R. anatipestifer genomes sequenced so far. Two of these genes are contained within the exbB-exbD-tonB1 and exbB-exbD-exbD- Accepted: April 16, 2015 tonB2 operons.
    [Show full text]